EP0272973B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Kracken von Kohlenwasserstoffeinsätzen in einer Umwandlungszone, worin inerte und katalytische Teilchen zirkulieren - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Kracken von Kohlenwasserstoffeinsätzen in einer Umwandlungszone, worin inerte und katalytische Teilchen zirkulieren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0272973B1
EP0272973B1 EP87402781A EP87402781A EP0272973B1 EP 0272973 B1 EP0272973 B1 EP 0272973B1 EP 87402781 A EP87402781 A EP 87402781A EP 87402781 A EP87402781 A EP 87402781A EP 0272973 B1 EP0272973 B1 EP 0272973B1
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Prior art keywords
particles
zone
cracking
catalytic
charge
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French (fr)
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EP0272973A1 (de
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Alain Feugier
Gérard Martin
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
    • C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing residual materials, in a reaction zone in which particles of pretreatment solids and catalytic particles circulate, the apparatus for carrying out the process and its use.
  • residues for example atmospheric residue, vacuum residue, deasphalted oils, coal liquefaction oils, shale oils, etc.
  • a pretreatment consisting in particular of removing as much residual materials as possible, such as coke, sulfur and metals, poisons from the catalyst.
  • An object of the invention is to be able to raise the admission temperature of the particles of heat-transferable solids up to approximately 1200 ° C., in particular in the presence of very asphaltenic fillers, in order to produce a thermal flash of the more intense charge without prejudice to the heat transfer particles which have substantially no catalytic activity.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the aging of the catalyst during the step of cracking the charge which is freed from its heaviest products, to reduce the deactivation of the catalyst and consequently to reduce consumption of catalyst.
  • Another object of the invention is therefore to ensure a uniform and homogeneous distribution of the charge vaporized in the cracking zone and to minimize the formation of residual coke.
  • Another object of the invention is to obtain a better and more selective charge conversion resulting in an increase in its recoverable fraction.
  • Another object of the invention is therefore to adjust the quantity of coke strictly necessary to the needs of the installations (vaporization and cracking of the charge).
  • fillers that is to say distillates having for example final boiling points of the order of 400 ° C., such as gas oils under vacuum, but also oils heavier hydrocarbons, such as crude and / or stripped oils, and residues from atmospheric distillation or vacuum distillation; these charges may, where appropriate, have received a preliminary treatment such as, for example, a hydrotreatment in the presence for example of catalysts of the cobalt-molybdenum or nickel-molybdenum type.
  • the preferred fillers of the invention will be those which may contain high percentages of asphaltenic materials, and which may generally have a high Conradson carbon content, for example greater than 8%, advantageously between 8 and 40%, and preferably between 10 and 25% (see standard ASTM Test 189-65).
  • lighter cuts which may include cuts of hydrocarbons having already undergone the cracking operation, which are recycled, such as for example light recycling oils ("light cycle oils", LCO ) or heavy recycling oils (HCO).
  • LCO light recycling oils
  • HCO heavy recycling oils
  • these charges are preheated in a temperature range between 100 and 450 ° C before their treatment.
  • the invention solves the above drawbacks, and responds to the problems posed by proposing a process for catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feed containing residual materials, in a reaction zone in a fluid or entrained bed, characterized in that one introduces into a first portion of the reaction zone called the vaporization zone, said charge, a carrier gas and a first mixture of a major portion of particles of substantially inert solids and a minor portion of catalytic particles distinct from the particles of substantially inert solids, at a temperature T ⁇ 2 between 650 ° C and 1200 ° C and preferably between 750 and 1000 ° C, said particles of substantially inert solids having a cracking activity at most equal to about 15%, a particle size between 100 and 2000 micrometers (100 -2000 x 10 ⁇ 6 m) and a density between 2000 kg / m3 and 6000 kg / m3 and said catalytic particles es having a cracking activity greater than 20%, a particle size between 10 and 100 micrometer
  • said first mixture of particles with the charge and the carrier gas is made to flow co-current through said first portion of the reaction zone, so as to vaporize substantially all of the charge and to rid it of at least one part of the residual materials under minimum cracking conditions.
  • the total effluent from the first portion of the reaction zone is introduced into a second portion of the said zone, continues to the said first portion and called the cracking zone, a second mixture of a major part of catalytic particles and a minor part of particles of substantially inert solids, defined above, said second mixture being introduced at a temperature T ⁇ 1 lower than said temperature T ⁇ 2 and between 300 ° C and 750 ° C, advantageously between 500 ° C and 750 ° C, and preferably between 500 and 650 ° C.
  • the mixture of said total effluent from the first portion of the reaction zone with said second mixture of particles is circulated co-current in said cracking zone , we recover cracking effluents on the one hand and solid particles and catalytic particles on the other hand, which contain at least partially a cracking residue, the cracking effluents are separated from the solid particles and catalytic particles.
  • Said solid and catalytic particles resulting from the step of separating said effluents are subjected to at least one step for separating the particles and at least one step for regeneration in a fluidized or entrained bed and a fraction containing the major part of the particles is recovered separately.
  • the catalytic particles are, of course, solid particles, but active. To differentiate them from particles of substantially inert solids, or will call them for convenience catalytic particles or catalyst.
  • the temperature T ⁇ 1 for introducing the catalytic particles is advantageously at least 10 ° C lower than the temperature T ⁇ 2 for introducing the particles of substantially inert solids.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage of carrying out in a very short time the vaporization of the charge and the elimination of impurities, substantially reducing the thermal cracking and therefore the preferential formation of coke. Furthermore, the quantity of coke deposited on inert particles during the vaporization stage of the feedstock is less compared to that deposited on a conventional cracking catalyst under the same temperature conditions.
  • the charge vaporized on contact with the solid particles is made acceptable for the catalytic cracking catalyst. It is in fact advantageously freed, for example, of at least 90% of the residual materials, thus ensuring a longer service life for the catalyst and slower deactivation of its sites. active during the regeneration of said catalyst. Catalytic and thermal cracking in the vaporization zone is also minimized, which avoids the formation of coke and ensures better conversion.
  • the hydrocarbon vapors of the feed can be brought into contact with the catalyst at a lower temperature than that usually encountered in catalytic cracking processes since this catalyst must only provide the heat absorbed by the cracking, heat which represents only about 10 to 20% of the heat of vaporization of the charge. This feature can help minimize the amount of residual coke and cracking. On the other hand, the lifetime of the catalyst is thereby increased and its activation level maintained longer.
  • the vaporization (and pre-treatment) zone can have a length L and an internal diameter D such that the ratio L / D is between 2 and 30 and preferably between 5 and 15 , which facilitates a homogeneous distribution of the charge and a substantially complete vaporization of the latter before it reaches the cracking zone supplied with catalytic particles.
  • the distance separating the introduction of the two distinct populations of particles therefore depends on the diameter of the reaction zone where the charge is vaporized.
  • the L / D ratio it is possible to vaporize substantially all of the charge without substantial cracking in the vaporization zone, to deposit almost all of the residual coke and of the metals on the solid particles, and to generate substantially only the minimum of coke necessary for the operation of the unit, according to the process.
  • the installations are all the more simplified since the thermal levels are lowered and their investment cost reduced.
  • the solid particles are distinguished from the catalytic particles not only by their activity, but especially by their size and their density, which promotes their separation thereafter.
  • the particles of pretreatment solids generally have a specific surface of less than 50 m2 / g, for example between 0.01 and 50 m2 / g (so-called BET method using nitrogen absorption), preferably included between 0.01 and 20 m2 / g and even more preferably, between 0.01 and 10 m2 / g, which contributes to minimizing the thermal cracking of the load.
  • They have a size varying from 100 to 2000 micrometers (100 to 2000 x 10 ⁇ 6 m) and preferably from 200 to 300 micrometers (200 to 300 x 10 ⁇ 6 m).
  • Their density is between 2000 and 6000 kg / m3 and advantageously between 2500 and 5000 kg / m3.
  • microspheres have a low catalytic activity and are of low cost.
  • the activity is defined as being the ratio of the conversion rate obtained in the presence of the solid particles considered, on the conversion rate obtained in the presence of the reference catalyst, within the framework of standardized MAT tests (Standard ASTM D 3907-80) .
  • MAT tests sand particles with a specific surface of less than 1 m2 / g lead to conversion rates of around 7.3% with a filler constituted by an Arabian light residue, characterized by a 5.0% Conradson carbon.
  • the tests were carried out at 530 ° C with a C / O ratio of 4.5.
  • This conversion rate is to be compared with that of 71% obtained under the same conditions procedures with a conventional catalyst based on faujasite (zeolite Y) and a specific surface area equal to 91 m2 / g.
  • the conversion rate is defined as the ratio: mass (gas + petrol + coke) / mass of the initial charge. It is therefore recommended because of their low cost to reject some of these solid particles from time to time and replace them with the same amount of fresher, so as to maintain an acceptable metal content. Indeed, their analysis shows that they contain, in addition to minerals, silica, alumina and small amounts of impurities in the form of titanium, iron and alkaline earth.
  • the solid particles used are, for example, calcite, dolomite, limestone, bauxite, baryte, chromite, zirconia, magnesia, perlite, alumina and silica, all these solid particles having a low specific surface.
  • the catalysts are generally those used and described in the catalytic cracking processes; zeolite-based catalysts are often preferred and among these, those which exhibit good thermal stability in the presence of water vapor. They have an average particle size equal to 50 micrometers (50 x 10 ⁇ 6 m) which is distributed between 10 and 100 micrometers, advantageously between 30 and 70 micrometers. Their specific mass is between 600 and 1800 kg / m3 and preferably between 800 and 1600 kg / m3.
  • the separation and regeneration of all the particles can be carried out in different enclosures or in the same enclosure.
  • the relative contents of particles of the different types in the reaction zone will be a function of the mass flow rates of particles introduced into the vaporization zone and into the cracking zone.
  • the ratio of the mass flow rate of particles introduced into the vaporization zone to the mass flow rate of particles introduced into the cracking zone is between 1 and 100, advantageously between 1 and 10 and preferably advantageously between 1 and 1.5.
  • the mass percentage of catalytic particles present in the first mixture and entrained with the solid particles during the separation and / or regeneration stages, which arrive in the vaporization zone is for example between 0.2 and 10%, advantageously between 1 and 5%, so that there is substantially no cracking.
  • the proportion of the inert particles present in the second mixture is necessarily a function of the ratio of the flow rates of the first and of the second mixture.
  • the proportion of inert particles in the second mixture will be higher the greater the ratio of the mass flow rate of the first mixture to the mass flow rate of the second mixture.
  • the mass percentage of the inert particles in the second mixture introduced into the cracking zone is between 1 and 40% and advantageously between about 2 and 10%, the rest at 100% obviously corresponding to the catalytic particles.
  • the particles of inert solids in the cracking zone proper can represent from 45 to 94.4% by weight and advantageously from 45 to 75% by weight of the resulting mixture corresponding to the total effluent.
  • leaving the vaporization zone and at the second mixture of particles while the catalytic particles can represent from 4.6 to 55% by weight of the resulting mixture and preferably from 25 to 55% by weight.
  • the particles of inert solids can be regenerated and catalytic in the same area, substantially at the same time as the step of separating the two types of particles.
  • This regeneration step can generally be carried out in the presence of oxygen or of a gas comprising molecular oxygen at a temperature T2 of between 650 ° C and 1200 ° C and at a fluidization speed of between 0.1 m / s and 2 m / s. Under these regeneration conditions, it is possible to cause the combustion of at least 90% of the residual materials present on the solid particles and at least for example 70% of cracking residues and of residual materials which are fixed on the particles. catalytic.
  • the step of separating the two types of particles can be carried out in an enclosure then the step of regenerating the particles in two separate enclosures, one reserved for the regeneration of solid particles at the conditions of temperature T2 and speed of fluidization expressed above, the other reserved for the regeneration of catalytic particles at the conditions of temperature T1 and speed expressed above.
  • Spraying or atomizing means can introduce the charge at a speed preferably between 10 and 100 m / s.
  • the carrier gas stream is adapted to generate a particle speed of approximately 2 to 10 m / s and the charge and the solid particles are generally left in contact between approximately 400 ° C. and 650 ° C. for a residence time. of the charge in the vaporization zone of between 0.01 s and 2 s approximately.
  • the apparatus is therefore very compact and has the advantage of combining in a single enclosure two functions, one for spraying and pretreatment, the other for cracking, and therefore to achieve engineering savings.
  • FIG. 1 schematically representing a particular embodiment of the apparatus with an ascending reaction zone, at the lower end of which the charge is introduced and in view of the FIG. 2 illustrating a separation zone and two distinct regeneration zones for the two types of particles.
  • the reaction zone or reactor 1 is an elongated and substantially vertical tubular pipe. It comprises a lower part or vaporization zone 1a and an upper part or catalytic cracking zone 1b continues at the vaporization zone.
  • the charge to be cracked which can be heated beforehand between 100 and 450 ° C., is supplied by at least one line 3.
  • Known spray means such as those described in US Patent No. 4,331,533 introduces the feed to the bottom of the evaporation zone, preferably above the arrival of the solid particles (4) to a speed for example of around 100 m / s.
  • the load is brought into contact with these particles mainly comprising particles of inert solids (for example at least 95%), which may be, by way of illustrative example, zirconia with an average particle size of between 200 and 300 micrometers and of density between 2000 and 6000 kg / m3 and activity equal to approximately 10%, and which are introduced through line 16 by the inlet means 4 at a flow rate controlled by the valve 5 and at a speed for example about 3 m / s at a temperature T ⁇ 2 between 650 ° C and 1200 ° C, for example at 800 ° C.
  • the solid particles and the charge flow into the vaporization zone 1a.
  • the vapors formed in the vaporization zone 1a of the reactor 1 leave this zone 1a after a residence time of 0.5 s. approximately and are brought into contact in the cracking zone 1b continues at the vaporization zone 1a with particles mainly catalytic (for example at least 80%), of particle size ranging for example between 30 and 70 micrometers and density varying by example between 900 and 1400 kg / m3.
  • a line 23 brings these particles by inlet means 6 to the base of the cracking zone 1b, that is to say to the upper part of the vaporization zone, at a speed for example of around 1, 5 m / s and at a temperature T ⁇ 1 ⁇ T ⁇ 2 advantageously between 500 ° C and 750 ° C, for example at 650 ° C.
  • the flow of catalyst is controlled by the valve 7.
  • a heat exchanger (not shown in the figure) can be fitted on the line 23 upstream of the valve 7 to cool the catalytic particles coming from the storage area 13b.
  • the temperature of the vaporization zone is generally between 400 ° C and 600 ° C, for example between 450 and 600 ° C while the temperature of the cracking zone is for example between 450 and 600 ° C.
  • the vaporization zone 1a of length L is defined from the lower part of zone 1a to the neck of the constriction 2 situated between the convergent of zone 1a below the neck and the diverging of zone 1b to above the collar. It is mainly at the level of the convergent and the neck that the inert particles are accelerated.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the neck to the diameter of the vaporization zone is generally between 0.25 and 1 and preferably between 0.6 and 0.8. It has been observed that with these preferred values, weeping was obtained through the neck of between 0.1 and 2% of the total flow rate of catalyst injected into the cracking zone.
  • the vaporization zone 1a defined by its distance L and its diameter D is such that the ratio L / D is between 2 and 30 and advantageously, between 5 and 15.
  • the residence time of the charge in the vaporization zone generally does not exceed 1000 ms and preferably remains less than 500 ms while the residence time of the vaporized charge in the cracking zone 1b is approximately 0.01 seconds. about 2 seconds and preferably about 0.2 s to 1 second.
  • a ballistic separator 8 provides a first separation of the gaseous effluents and of the particles.
  • the cracking effluents leave the enclosure 9 via a pipe 22 after passing through at least one cyclone 10, while the mixture of particles is sent to the first regenerator 13a by the transport line 12, a valve 48 of which controls the debit.
  • the inert solid particles and the catalyst arrive in the enclosure 13a where the separation of the two populations of particles is carried out simultaneously, as a function of their size and their mass, the regeneration of the catalyst as well as the oxidation of the coke deposited on the inert solid particles.
  • This enclosure 13a comprises at least two compartments 50 adapted to create different thermal levels and the last of which ensures the storage of inert particles.
  • the compartmentalization is carried out by means of walls for example of refractory plates 15 placed in a substantially perpendicular manner on the base of the enclosure.
  • the solid particles thus flow in cascade from the compartment supplied by the line 12 equipped with a valve 48 and a fluidized siphon 47 to the compartment where the inert solid particles are extracted by a line 16 provided with a valve 5 and a fluidized siphon 48 which transfers the particles of inert solids to the vaporization zone 1a of the reactor.
  • a compressor 17 supplies oxidizing gas (air for example) via a line 20a to at least one diffuser 19 of the regenerator 13a. In each compartment, only part of the air necessary for the complete oxidation of the coke deposited on the inert particles and for the regeneration of the catalyst is introduced. In this way, the temperature of the particles of inert solids rises in stages to the point of extraction (end of line 16 in the enclosure 13a).
  • the operating conditions (that is to say mainly the fluidization speed) are adjusted so as to have a substantial entrainment of the catalyst in the first compartments in order to avoid any stay of the catalyst at high temperature, which would harm its activity and accelerate its aging.
  • the temperature profile in the regenerator is adjusted so that the average temperature of the entrained catalyst is substantially close to the reinjection temperature in the cracking zone 1b.
  • a second compartmentalization can be carried out with walls 15a, for example plates suspended from the ceiling of the enclosure 13a and plunging into each fluidized compartment 50 and makes it possible to isolate the gaseous atmospheres surmounting each of the compartments. defined by the walls 15a, thus avoiding a mixture of the catalyst particles entrained above each of the compartments.
  • This compartmentalisation also makes it possible to recover, on the one hand, combustible regeneration effluents above the compartments operating at low temperature and lacking oxygen or air, and non-combustible regeneration effluents above the compartment or compartments. operating at high temperature where the extraction of inert solid particles takes place.
  • the problems posed by the post-combustion of carbon monoxide in the space above the particle beds are also avoided, since a reducing zone (compartment (s) 50 at low temperature) can be separated from an oxidizing zone ( compartment (s) 50 at high temperature).
  • the regeneration effluents pass through cyclones 14 and are discharged through line 21.
  • the particles of catalyst captured by at least one cyclone 14 placed in each of the spaces defined by the walls 15a are directed towards a storage enclosure 13-b operating in a fluidized bed and supplying the cracking zone 1b equipped with a valve 7 and d 'a fluidized siphon 46 via the line 23.
  • This enclosure 13b may also comprise, according to another embodiment, additional regeneration means if the regeneration has proved insufficient at the level of the enclosure 13a.
  • additional regeneration means if the regeneration has proved insufficient at the level of the enclosure 13a.
  • the cold air can be introduced by means of the diffuser 24 generally located at the base of the enclosure 13b and supplied by a line 20b connected to the compressor 17, can be heated by crossing the fluidized bed contained in enclosure 13-b, can be freed of particles entrained by cyclones 25 and can finally be introduced into the "hot" compartment (s) of enclosure 13a by diffusers 19.
  • the temperature difference in the two regenerators can be reinforced by any other means, in particular by installing at least one exchange surface, of known type and not shown in the figure, in the catalytic particle regenerator.
  • the mixture of catalyst and inert solid particles arrives via line 12 in an enclosure 26 where the two populations of particles in a fluidized bed are separated.
  • This separation can be carried out by entraining the catalyst above the fluidized bed, by segregation within the fluidized bed itself or by a combination of the two processes.
  • FIG. 2 represents for example a schematic device for separation by entrainment.
  • the entrained catalyst grains are captured by at least one cyclone 27 and directed towards the regenerator 28 by line 29 while the fumes are evacuated by line 27a.
  • the inert solid particles which constitute the fluidized bed are directed towards the regenerator 30 by the line 31.
  • the separation enclosure 26 can be compartmentalized like the enclosure 13a described previously so as to improve from one compartment to another the separation of the two populations of particles.
  • regenerators 28 and 30 are supplied with air or gas containing oxygen by the lines 32 and 33 respectively.
  • the fumes produced by the regeneration leave the two chambers 28 and 30 by lines 34 and 35 after being dusted by cyclones 36 and 37.
  • the inert solid particles are heated to a higher thermal level than that of the catalyst because their coke content is greater since they have fixed almost all of the potential coke contained in the charge.
  • the catalyst and the particles of inert solids then return to the reactor 1 via lines 23 and 16 equipped respectively with valves for adjusting the flow rates of particles 7 and 5 and of fluidized siphons 46 and 45.
  • At least one fluidization vapor inlet can be introduced on the various lines, for example the injection 54 on the line 12, the injection 52 on the line 23 and injection 53 on line 16.
  • FIG. 1 representing a particular embodiment with an ascending reactor, but it is possible to produce a reactor where the circulation of the types of particles and of the charge is descending.

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Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren zum katalytischen Kracken einer kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Charge, die einen hohen Wert an Conradsonschen Kohlenstoff aufweist und Rückstände enthält, in einer als Flüßigbett ausgestaltete Reaktionszone, in welcher bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen T'₂ und T'₁ , zwei Arten von Partikel unterschiedlicher Korngröße eingeleitet werden an zwei unterschiedlichen Höhen der Reaktionszone,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die genannte Charge, ein Trägergas und eine erste Mischung bestehend aus einem Hauptanteil fester, fast inerter Partikel und einem Geringanteil an katalytischen Partikeln, andere als die festen, fast inerten Partikel, bei einer Temperatur T '₂ zwischen 650 und 1200 °C, wobei die festen, fast inerten Partikel eine spezifische Oberfläche unter 50 m ²/g , eine Krackungsaktivität höchstens gleich etwa 15 %, eine Korngröße zwischen 100 und 2000 Mikrometern (100 - 2000 x 10⁻⁶m) und eine volumetrische Masse zwischen 2000 kg/m³ und 6000 kg/m³ aufweisen und wobei die katalytischen Partikeln eine Krackungsaktivität höher 20 %, eine Korngröße zwischen 10 und 100 Mikrometern (10-100 x 10⁻⁶ m) und eine volumetrische Masse zwischen 600 kg/m³ und 1800 kg/m³ aufweisen, in einem ersten Teil der Reaktionszone, die sogenannte Verdampfungszone, eingeleitet werden, wobei die Fließbewegung der ersten Mischung von Partikeln mit der Charge und dem Trägergas im ersten Teil der Reaktionszone dergestalt durchgeführt wird, daß die Charge fast vollständig verdampft und von mindestens einem Teil der Rückstände befreit wird unter minimalen Krackungsbedingungen, das Gesamteffluent des ersten Teils der Reaktionszone in einen anschließenden, zweiten Teil der genannten Zone, die sogenannte Krackungszone, eingeleitet wird, wobei gleichzeitig am Zugang des zweiten Teils eine zweite Mischung, bestehend aus einem Hauptanteil katalytischer Partikel und einem Geringanteil an festen, fast inerten Partikeln, wie oben definiert, eingeleitet werden, wobei die zweite Mischung eine Temperatur T'₁ unter der Temperatur T '₂ aufweist und zwischen 300 und 750 °C liegt, die Zirkulation der Mischung des Gesamteffluents des ersten Teils der Reaktionszone mit der zweiten Partikelmischung in der Krackungszone im Gleichstrom durchgeführt wird, wobei einerseits die Krackungseffluents gewonnen werden und andererseits die Feststoffpartikel und katalytischen Partikel, welche mindestens teilweise Krackungsrückstände enthalten, die Festoffpartikel und die katalytischen Partikel werden von den Krackungseffluents getrennt, die Effluents werden gewonnen, die Feststoffpartikel und die katalytischen Partikel, entstanden bei der Abtrennung der Effluents werden mindestens einer Trennstufe und mindestens einer Regenerationsstufe im Flüßigbett unterzogen, eine Fraktion enthaltend in ihrem Hauptanteil Feststoffpartikel , wird von einer Fraktion enthaltend in ihrem Hauptanteil katalytische Partikel getrennt und somit zurückgewonnen und mindestens teilweise zurückgeführt, wobei die festen, fast inerten Partikeln der Verdampfungszone und die katalytischen Partikel der Krackungszone der Reaktionszone zugeführt werden.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Charge und der Hauptanteil der Feststoffpartikeln im unterem Teil der Verdampfungszone eingeleitet werden.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Feststoffpartikeln aus der Gruppe des Kalkspats, Dolomits, Kalksteins, Bauxits, Baryts, Chromeisenerzes, der Magnesia, des Perlits, der Tonerde und der Kieselguhr mit kleiner spezifischer Oberfläche ausgewählt werden.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Verdampfungszone eine Länge L und einen Innendurchmesser D aufweist, wobei das Verhältnis L/D zwischen 2 und 30 liegt.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Geschwindigkeit der Partikel der ersten Mischung in dem oberen Teil der Verdampfungszone erhöht wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die erste Partikelmischung in die Verdampfungszone und die zweite Partikelmischung in die Krackungszone eingeleitet wird, in einem Verhältnis des Massendurchflusses zu dem Massenprozentsatz welches gestattet, daß der Anteil an katalytischen Partikeln in der Krackungszone etwa 4,6 bis 55 Gew.-% der dargestellten Gesamtmischung und vorteilhaft 25 bis 55 Gew.-% bildet.
  7. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung katalytischen krackens, in Kombination bestehend :
    - aus einem Reaktor (1), der eine verlängerte rohrförmige, fast vertikale Leitung darstellt, eine Verdampfungszone (1a) aufweist, von einer Länge L und mit einem Innendurchmesser D, wobei das Verhältnis L/D zwischen 2 und 30 liegt, eine an die Verdampfungszone anschließende Krackungszone (16) aufweist, wobei die Verdampfungszone am oberen Teil mindestens durch eine Verengung (2) gekennzeichnet ist, eingefügt zwischen der Zuleitungsvorrichtung (4) der Feststoffpartikel und der Zuleitungsvorrichtung (6) der katalytischen Partikeln, die nachstehend definiert werden,
    - aus einer Zuleitungsvorrichtung (3) für eine flüssige oder gasförmige Charge, angeordnet am Reaktorende in der Verdampfungszone (1a) und mit einer für die Charge im Reaktor notwendige Pulverisationsvorrichtung ausgestattet, welche der Charge eine Fließbewegung von oben nach unten oder von unten nach oben im Reaktor gestattet,
    - aus einer Zuleitunsvorrichtung (4) für Feststoffpartikel in der Verdampfungszone (1a), angeordnet am Reaktorende, welche den Feststoffpartikeln eine Fließbewegung von oben nach unten oder von unten nach oben im Reaktor gestattet,
    - aus einer Zuleitungsvorrichtung (6), in der Krackungszone (1b), für Partikeln deren Hauptanteil katalytische Partikel sind, wobei die Zuleitungsvorrichtung (6) in einer Abwärtsrichtung zu der Zuleitungsvorrichtung (4) für die Partikel, mit einem Hauptanteil bestehend aus Feststoffpartikeln, angeordnet ist und eine Fließbewegung der Partikel mit einem Hauptanteil bestehend aus katalytischen Partikeln, in die Fließrichtung der Feststoffpartikel und der Charge gestattet,
    - aus einer Trennvorrichtung durch Ausstrippen (8,9,10), zum Abtrennen des aus dem Kracken resultierenden Effluents, von den Feststoffpartikeln einerseits und von den katalytischen Partikeln andererseits, wobei diese am der Anordnung der Zuleitungsvorrichtung (3) gegenüberliegenden Ende des Reaktors (1) angeordnet ist,
    - aus einer Ableitungsvorrichtung (22) zum Ableiten der aus dem Kracken resultierenden Effluents, angeordnet an der Trennvorrichtung (8,9,10),
    - aus einer Transportvorrichtung (12) zum Ableiten von Feststoffpartikeln und katalytischen Partikeln, bestehend entweder aus mindestens einer Trennvorrichtung und Regenerationsvorrichtung (13a), für Feststoffpartikel und katalytische Partikel und anschließend aus mindestens einem Speicherbehälter (13b) für katalytische Partikeln mindestens teilweise regeneriert, oder aus mindestens einer Trennvorrichtung (26, Fig. 2) zum Abtrennen der Feststoffpartikel von katalytischen Partikeln und anschließend mindestens einer Regenerationsvorrichtung für Feststoffpartikel (30, Fig.2) und mindestens einer Regenerationsvorrichtung für katalytischen Partikeln (28, Fig. 2),
    - oder aus einer Abtrennvorrichtung Gas-Partikeln mit einer Gas-Austrittsvorrichtung (14, 21), angeordnet an der Regenerationsvorrichtung (13a), oder einer Trennvorrichtung Gas-Partikeln mit einem Gas-Austrittsvorrichtung (Fig.2, 34,35,36 und 37) , jeweils angeordnet an der Regenerationsvorrichtung der katalytischen Partikel (28, Fig. 2) und an der Regenerationsvorrichtung der Feststoffpartikel (30, Fig. 2),
    - aus einer Rückgewinnungsvorrichtung (7,23,46) der Partikel mit einem Hauptanteil bestehend aus katalytischen Partikeln, mindestens teilweise auf die Zuleitungsvorrichtung (6) gerichtet, wobei die Rückgewinnungsvorrichtung entweder an dem Speicherbehälter (13b) angeordnet oder an der Regenerationsvorrichtung (28) ist und
    - aus ein Rückgewinnungsvorrichtung (5,16,45) der Partikel, mit einem Feststoff-Hauptanteil , mindestens teilweise auf die Zuleitungsvorrichtung (4) gerichtet, wobei die Rückgewinnungsvorrichtung entweder am Regenerator (13a) oder an der Regenerationsvorrichtung (30) angeordnet ist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Verengung eine Konvergenz mit einem Öffnungswinkel zwischen 5 und 50 Grad aufweist, einen Hals dessen Durchmesser im Verhältnis zu dem der Verdampfungszone zwischen 0,25 bis 1 liegt und eine Divergenz zeigt,deren Öffnungswinkel 20 bis 180 Grad beträgt.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 und 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Verdampfungszone ein Verhältnis L/D zwischen 5 und 15 aufweist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Konvergenz einen Öffnungswinkel von 5 bis 20 Grad hat und das Verhältnis des Halsdurchmessers zu dem der Verdampferzone 0,6 bis 0,8 beträgt.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Einspeisungsbehälter (13b) eine Regenerationsvorrichtung aufweist, beinhaltend mindestens an der Basis des Behälters (13b) mindestens eine Speisungsvorrichtung (24) mit einem Verbrennung bewirkenden Gas.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Einspeisungsbehälter (13b) einen Zyklon (25) des Verbrennung bewirkenden Gases aufweist mit einem Durchlaß welcher in einer zweiten Einspeisungsvorrichtung (19) angeordnet ist.
  13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Regenerationsvorrichtung (13a) mindestens zwei Kammern und mindestens eine Steuerungsvorrichtung zur Steuerung der Wirbelstromgeschwindigkeit in den Kammern aufweist.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 13,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der Reaktor (1) aufsteigend ist.
EP87402781A 1986-12-17 1987-12-08 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum katalytischen Kracken von Kohlenwasserstoffeinsätzen in einer Umwandlungszone, worin inerte und katalytische Teilchen zirkulieren Expired - Lifetime EP0272973B1 (de)

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FR8617787A FR2608623B1 (fr) 1986-12-17 1986-12-17 Procede et appareil de craquage catalytique d'une charge hydrocarbonee dans une zone reactionnelle ou circulent des particules de solides sensiblement inertes et des particules catalytiques
FR8617787 1986-12-17

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US4810360A (en) * 1984-11-02 1989-03-07 Mobil Oil Corp. Method and apparatus for withdrawal of small catalyst particles in FCC systems
US4895637A (en) * 1988-10-18 1990-01-23 Mobil Oil Corporation Resid cracking process and apparatus
CA2013626A1 (en) * 1989-05-16 1990-11-16 W. Benedict Johnson Method and apparatus for the fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feed employing a separable mixture of catalyst and sorbent particles
AU777436B2 (en) * 1998-12-21 2004-10-14 Indian Oil Corporation Limited A fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process
EP1013743B1 (de) * 1998-12-21 2005-02-02 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION Ltd. Fluidkatalytisch Krachverfahren
EP1046696B1 (de) * 1999-04-23 2014-06-11 China Petrochemical Corporation Verfahren zur katalytischen Umwandlung zum Herstellen von mit Isobutan und Isoparaffinen angereichertem Benzin
DE10219863B4 (de) * 2002-05-03 2014-03-27 Indian Oil Corporation Limited Rückstandscrackvorrichtung mit Katalysator- und Adsorptionsmittelregeneratoren und Verfahren hierfür
US10758883B2 (en) 2016-09-16 2020-09-01 Lummus Technology Llc Fluid catalytic cracking process and apparatus for maximizing light olefin yield and other applications
JP7364467B2 (ja) 2016-09-16 2023-10-18 ラマス・テクノロジー・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー 軽質オレフィン収量を最大化するおよび他の適用のための流体接触分解プロセスおよび装置

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US3380911A (en) * 1966-02-15 1968-04-30 Mobil Oil Corp Method for converting hydrocarbons in two stages
US4243514A (en) * 1979-05-14 1981-01-06 Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation Preparation of FCC charge from residual fractions
US4490241A (en) * 1983-04-26 1984-12-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Secondary injection of ZSM-5 type zeolite in catalytic cracking

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EP0272973A1 (de) 1988-06-29
FR2608623A1 (fr) 1988-06-24

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