EP0269641B1 - Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0269641B1
EP0269641B1 EP87900650A EP87900650A EP0269641B1 EP 0269641 B1 EP0269641 B1 EP 0269641B1 EP 87900650 A EP87900650 A EP 87900650A EP 87900650 A EP87900650 A EP 87900650A EP 0269641 B1 EP0269641 B1 EP 0269641B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
heating conductor
contact element
injection nozzle
sheathed heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87900650A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0269641A1 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Kaczynski
Alfred Schmitt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0269641A1 publication Critical patent/EP0269641A1/en
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Publication of EP0269641B1 publication Critical patent/EP0269641B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/04—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/06—Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Such injection nozzles are easy to assemble because the incandescent body, together with the sleeve and the contact element as a prefabricated structural unit, can be inserted into the union nut from the open end thereof and pushed up to the support shoulder.
  • the incandescent body is formed by a heating wire shaped into a dimensionally stable filament, which at its end facing away from the contact element follows one internally directed collar of the sleeve is supported and contacted. This design complicates the manufacture of the sleeve and the inner ring collar also impedes the flow of the air drawn in by the injector effect.
  • the arrangement according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the sleeve does not have to have an inner ring collar, because the jacket heating conductor consisting of an inner resistance wire and an outer ring jacket is so dimensionally stable that its end turns need not be additionally supported axially.
  • the sucked-in air can therefore largely pass unhindered from the combustion chamber into the annular space formed between the sleeve and the incandescent body.
  • the jacket heating conductor provided to form the incandescent body is a tried and tested component which can implement high electrical heating outputs.
  • the assembly of the glow plug, the sleeve and the contact element is further simplified if the outer ring jacket of the jacket heating conductor contacts the end of the inner resistance wire facing away from the contact element and is soldered to the sleeve at least at one point.
  • a sharp kinking of the end section of the jacket heating conductor connected to the contact element with respect to the associated end region of the coil is avoided if this end region is arranged on the combustion chamber side and the coil extends towards the nozzle body against the flow direction of the fuel.
  • the end section of the jacket heating conductor facing the contact element is designed as a so-called cold end, which opposes the heating current with a lower electrical resistance than the rest of the jacket heating conductor.
  • the sleeve, the connection end of the jacket heating conductor, in particular the seal provided there, and the contact element are subjected to less thermal stress than when using a jacket heating conductor without a cold end.
  • One way of realizing a cold end of the jacket heating conductor is to use a material with a lower electrical resistance in the relevant area of the jacket heating conductor than in the rest of the area, e.g. B. copper, and the shortest possible transition zone (connection point copper / Schuieiter).
  • Another preferred possibility is to produce different cross-sectional areas of the ring jacket and the inner resistance wire, in particular by hammering or pulling the corresponding part of the jacket heating conductor before winding.
  • the end result is a thickened end section compared to a version without a cold end, the larger surface of which is also effective in terms of thermal relief of the seal on the jacket heating conductor and the contact element.
  • the contact element in the measures described above for reducing the thermal load can also be formed directly by a thickened or inwardly facing edge of the sleeve.
  • the assembly of the injection nozzle is simplified if the jacket heating conductor, the sleeve carrying and contacting it, an insulating ceramic body resting on its upper end face and the contact element are prefabricated into an installation unit by soldering or gluing.
  • the injection nozzle according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has a nozzle body 10, in which, as is known, a valve seat is formed and a valve needle is displaceably mounted.
  • the nozzle body 10 and an intermediate disk limiting the stroke of the valve needle are clamped by a union nut 12 to a nozzle holder in which, among other things, a closing spring which presses the valve flange against the valve seat is accommodated.
  • the nozzle body 10 is provided with a conical wall section 14 which merges into a flat end wall 16.
  • the union nut 12 is extended on the combustion chamber side beyond the nozzle body 10 and is provided downstream of its end wall 16 with an inner support shoulder 18 against which an annealing attachment, designated as a whole by the reference number 20, bears.
  • this has a filament 22 designed as a coil, which forms a passage 24 for the spray jets 26.
  • the incandescent body 22 is dimensioned such that the spray jets do not wet the incandescent body 22, but cause an injector effect, through which air is sucked from the combustion chamber into the interior of the incandescent body 22.
  • the incandescent body 22 is surrounded by a metallic sleeve 30, which has a cylindrical section 32 of larger diameter and a cylindrical section 34 of smaller diameter. At the transition between the sections 32 and 34, an annular shoulder 36 is formed, which rests on the support shoulder 18 of the union nut 12. Downstream of the support shoulder 18, the union nut 12 is provided with a bore section 38, which fits around the section 34 of the sleeve in a suitable and sealing manner.
  • a metallic heat protection ring 40 is clamped deformed between the sleeve 30 and the nozzle body 10 and presses with an inner ring edge 42 against the end wall 16 of the nozzle body 10 in a sealing manner.
  • the outer ring edge 44 of the heat protection ring 40 which is offset axially to the inner ring edge 42, is supported in a sealing manner on an annular shoulder 46 in the interior of the sleeve 30 and, when the union nut 12 is screwed on, presses it against the supporting shoulder 18 in a shake-proof manner.
  • the heat protection ring 40 protects the end wall 16 of the nozzle body 10 from the heat radiation of the incandescent body 22 and dissipates heat from the end wall 16 to the sleeve 30, from where it is dissipated via the union nut 12 to the motor housing.
  • the cooling body '22 is formed according to the invention by a jacket heating conductor of known construction, the central area of which is wound into a coil 50 (FIG. 2).
  • the coil 50 is provided with two elongated connection ends 52, 54, both of which extend tangentially from the winding diameter.
  • the connection end 52 is assigned to the end section 56 of the coil 50 on the combustion chamber side and is provided with an angled section 58, which is guided through a bore 60 in the sleeve 30 and runs parallel to the nozzle axis and is soldered in a sealing manner. Resistance wire and sheath are sealed to high temperature after the section 58 has been pushed through and soldered into the bore 60.
  • the inner resistance wire 62 of the jacket heating conductor 22 is a bit free and its outer ring jacket 64 is led out.
  • the end of the inner resistance wire 62 which is led out of the outer ring jacket 64 is soldered to a contact ring 66 which is fastened with the interposition of a ceramic insulating ring 68 on the upper end face of the sleeve 30.
  • the attachment can be done by gluing or soldering.
  • the insulating ring 68 and the contact ring 66 are arranged in the wedge-shaped annular space 70 between the conical wall section 14 of the nozzle body 10 and the union nut 12.
  • the contact ring 66 is connected to a power supply sleeve 74, the design of which is of no particular interest here and is described, for example, in DE-A 35 02 098.
  • the coil 50 extends from its input-side end region 56 counter to the direction of flow of the fuel to the nozzle body 10, the winding diameter continuously becoming smaller.
  • the second connection end 54 of the coil 50 is supported in a wall notch 72 inside the sleeve 30.
  • the outer ring jacket 64 of the jacket heating conductor 22 is contacted at the connection end 54 with the inner resistance wire 62 and itself serves as a ground conductor which connects the end of the resistance wire 62 remote from the contact ring 66 to the sleeve 30 and via this to ground.
  • the outer ring jacket 64 is soldered to the sleeve 30 at both ends.
  • the jacket heating conductor 22 can be designed in a cost-saving manner without cold ends, without the contact ring 66 being excessively heated.
  • the injection nozzle is assembled in such a way that first the sleeve 30 with the glow body 22, the insulating ring 68 and the contact ring 66 are prefabricated to form a structural unit.
  • the current supply sleeve 74 is then connected in an electrically conductive manner to the contact ring 66.
  • This assembly is then inserted with the attached heat protection ring 40 into the union nut 12 from above and advanced until the sleeve 30 strikes the support shoulder 18 of the union nut 12.
  • the heat protection ring 40 is also clamped, as a result of which the entire glow plug assembly is held on the nozzle body 10 without play.
  • the sleeve 30 could also be firmly connected to the union nut 12 by soldering or pressed into it.
  • the injection nozzle according to FIG. 3 corresponds to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 except for two deviations.
  • the one deviation is that in section 58a of the incandescent heating element 22a, both the outer ring jacket and the inner resistance wire 62a have a larger cross-sectional area than in the rest of the jacket heating conductor, and therefore the section 58a, which forms a so-called cold end, has less heating current is strongly heated as section 58 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the second deviation of the injection nozzle according to Figure 3 compared to the first embodiment is that a separate contact ring 66 (Figure 1) is completely eliminated and that the inner Resistance wire 62a of the jacket heating conductor 22a is soldered directly to an inwardly directed edge 76 of a power supply sleeve 78, which can otherwise be designed like the power supply sleeve 74 according to FIG. 1.
  • the elimination of a separate contact ring 66 is made possible by the lower thermal load which results from the formation of section 58a of the jacket heating conductor 22a of the cold end.
  • the sleeve 30a, the incandescent body 22a, the insulating ring 68 suitably made of ceramic and the power supply sleeve 78 can also be prefabricated into a structural unit by soldering.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines has a heater plug (22) mounted downstream of the nozzle opening and integrated in the union nut (12) that tightens the nozzle body (10) against the nozzle holder. The union nut has downstream of the nozzle body (10) a supporting shoulder (18) against which rests a sleeve (30) that surrounds and carries the heater plug (22). The heater plug (22) is composed of a sheathed heating conductor formed as a dimensionally stable spiral (50) and operating as an earth conductor between the contact element (66) and the sleeve (30). The arrangement is thus simpler and easier to assemble. In a preferred embodiment, the connecting end (58a) of the sheathed heating conductor (22a) is conceived as a so-called cold end, thus thermally relieving the adjacent parts, especially the seal of the sheathed heating conductor (22a).

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Derartige Einspritzdüsen lassen sich leicht montieren, weil der Glühkörper zusammen mit der Hülse und dem Kontaktelement als vorgefertigte Baueinheit vom offenen Ende der Überwurfmutter her in diese eingefügt und bis zur Stützschulter vorgeschoben werden kann. Bei den bekannten Einspritzdüsen der gennanten Gattung (EP-A-0 188 745, Stand der Technik nach Art 54 (3) EPÜ) ist der Glühkörper durch einen zu einer formstabilen Wendel geformten Heizdraht gebildet, der an seinem von Kontaktelement abgekehrten Ende an einem nach innen gerichteten Ringbund der Hülse abgestützt und kontaktiert ist. Diese Ausführung erschwert die Fertigung der Hülse und durch den inneren Ringbund wird auch die Strömung der durch Injektorwirkung angesaugten Luft behindert.The invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle according to the preamble of the main claim. Such injection nozzles are easy to assemble because the incandescent body, together with the sleeve and the contact element as a prefabricated structural unit, can be inserted into the union nut from the open end thereof and pushed up to the support shoulder. In the known injection nozzles of the type mentioned (EP-A-0 188 745, state of the art according to Art 54 (3) EPC), the incandescent body is formed by a heating wire shaped into a dimensionally stable filament, which at its end facing away from the contact element follows one internally directed collar of the sleeve is supported and contacted. This design complicates the manufacture of the sleeve and the inner ring collar also impedes the flow of the air drawn in by the injector effect.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß die Hülse keinen inneren Ringbund haben muß, weil der aus einem inneren Widerstandsdraht und einem äußeren Ringmantel bestehende Mantelheizleiter so formstabil ist, daß seine Endwindungen nicht zusätzlich axial abgestützt werden müssen. Die angesaugte Luft kann daher weitgehend ungehindert von der Brennkammer in den zwischen Hülse und Glühkörper gebildeten Ringraum gelangen. Der zur Bildung des Glühkörpers vorgesehene Mantelheizleiter ist ein erprobtes Bauelement, welches hohe elektrische Heizleistungen umsetzen kann.The arrangement according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the sleeve does not have to have an inner ring collar, because the jacket heating conductor consisting of an inner resistance wire and an outer ring jacket is so dimensionally stable that its end turns need not be additionally supported axially. The sucked-in air can therefore largely pass unhindered from the combustion chamber into the annular space formed between the sleeve and the incandescent body. The jacket heating conductor provided to form the incandescent body is a tried and tested component which can implement high electrical heating outputs.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Anordnung möglich.Advantageous developments of the arrangement specified in the main claim are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims.

Die Montage des aus Glühkörper, Hülse und Kontaktelement bestehenden Glühvorsatzes wird weiter vereinfacht, wenn der äußere Ringmantel des Mantelheizleiters mit dem vom Kontaktelement abgekehrten Ende des inneren Widerstandsdrahtes kontaktiert und mindestens an einer Stelle mit der Hülse verlötet ist.The assembly of the glow plug, the sleeve and the contact element is further simplified if the outer ring jacket of the jacket heating conductor contacts the end of the inner resistance wire facing away from the contact element and is soldered to the sleeve at least at one point.

Ein scharfes Abknicken des mit dem Kontaktelement verbundenen Endabschnittes des Mantelheizleiters gegenüber dem zugeordneten Endbereich der Wendel wird vermieden, wenn dieser Endbereich brennraumseitig angeordnet ist und sich die Wendel entgegen der Strömungsrichtung des Kraftstoffs zum Düsenkörper hin erstreckt.A sharp kinking of the end section of the jacket heating conductor connected to the contact element with respect to the associated end region of the coil is avoided if this end region is arranged on the combustion chamber side and the coil extends towards the nozzle body against the flow direction of the fuel.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der dem Kontaktelement zugekehrte Endabschnitt des Mantelheizleiters als sogenanntes kaltes Ende ausgebildet ist, welches dem Heizstrom einen geringeren elektrischen Widerstand entgegensetzt als der übrige Teil des Mantelheizleiters.It is particularly advantageous if the end section of the jacket heating conductor facing the contact element is designed as a so-called cold end, which opposes the heating current with a lower electrical resistance than the rest of the jacket heating conductor.

Dadurch ist erreicht, daß die Hülse, das Anschlußende des Mantelheizleiters, insbesondere die dort vorgesehene Versiegelung, und das Kontaktelement thermisch weniger hoch beansprucht werden als bei Verwendung eines Mantelheizleiters, ohne kaltes Ende.It is thereby achieved that the sleeve, the connection end of the jacket heating conductor, in particular the seal provided there, and the contact element are subjected to less thermal stress than when using a jacket heating conductor without a cold end.

Eine Möglichkeit zur Realisierung eines kalten Endes des Mantelheizleiters besteht darin, im betreffenden Bereich des Mantelheizleiters ein Material mit einem geringeren elektrischen Widerstand zu verwenden als im übrigen Bereich, z. B. Kupfer, und eine möglichst kurze Übergangszone (Verbindungsstelle Kupfer/Heizieiter) zu schaffen.One way of realizing a cold end of the jacket heating conductor is to use a material with a lower electrical resistance in the relevant area of the jacket heating conductor than in the rest of the area, e.g. B. copper, and the shortest possible transition zone (connection point copper / Heizieiter).

Eine andere, bevorzugte Möglichkeit besteht darin, unterschiedliche Querschnittsflächen des Ringmantels und des inneren Widerstandsdrahtes insbesondere durch Hämmern oder Ziehen des entsprechenden Teils des Mantelheizleiters vor dem Wickeln herzustellen. Im Endeffekt ergibt sich dadurch ein verdickter Endabschnitt gegenüber einer Ausführung ohne kaltes Ende, dessen größere Oberfläche ebenfalls im Sinne einer thermischen Entlastung der Versiegelung am Mantelheizleiter und des Kontaktelementes wirksam ist.Another preferred possibility is to produce different cross-sectional areas of the ring jacket and the inner resistance wire, in particular by hammering or pulling the corresponding part of the jacket heating conductor before winding. The end result is a thickened end section compared to a version without a cold end, the larger surface of which is also effective in terms of thermal relief of the seal on the jacket heating conductor and the contact element.

Wenn zur Stromzuführung eine zwischen Düsenkörper und Überwurfmutter angeordnete Hülse vorgesehen ist, kann das Kontaktelement bei den vorstehend geschilderten Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der thermischen Belastung auch unmittelbar durch einen verdickten bzw. nach innen gekehrten Rand der Hülse gebildet sein.If a sleeve arranged between the nozzle body and the union nut is provided for the power supply, the contact element in the measures described above for reducing the thermal load can also be formed directly by a thickened or inwardly facing edge of the sleeve.

Der Zusamenbau der Einspritzdüse wird vereinfacht, wenn der Mantelheizleiter, die ihn tragende und kontaktierende Hülse, ein auf deren oberer Stirnseite aufliegender Isolierkeramikkörper und das Kontaktelement durch Löten bzw. Kleben zu einer Einbaueinheit vorgefertigt sind.The assembly of the injection nozzle is simplified if the jacket heating conductor, the sleeve carrying and contacting it, an insulating ceramic body resting on its upper end face and the contact element are prefabricated into an installation unit by soldering or gluing.

Zeichnungdrawing

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 den brennraumseitigen Teil des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels vergrößert und im Schnitt,
  • Figur 2 den Glühkörper der Einspritzdüse nach
  • Figur 1, und Figur 3 das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel anhand eines der Figur 1 entsprechenden Schnitts.
Two embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it
  • FIG. 1 shows the part of the first exemplary embodiment on the combustion chamber side enlarged and in section,
  • Figure 2 after the glow plug of the injector
  • Figure 1, and Figure 3, the second embodiment based on a section corresponding to Figure 1.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Die Einspritzdüse nach den Figuren 1 und 2 hat eine Düsenkörper 10, in welchem wie bekannt ein Ventilsitz gebildet und eine Ventilnadel verschiebbar gelagert ist. Der Düsenkörper 10 und eine den Hub der Ventilnadel begrenzende Zwischenscheibe sind durch eine Überwurfmutter 12 an einem Düsenhalter festgespannt, in welchem u. a. eine die Ventilandel gegen den Ventilsitz pressende Schließfeder untergebracht ist. Am brennraumseitigen Stirnende ist der Düsenkörper 10 mit einem konischen Wandabschnitt 14 versehen, welcher in eine ebene Stirnwand 16 übergeht.The injection nozzle according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has a nozzle body 10, in which, as is known, a valve seat is formed and a valve needle is displaceably mounted. The nozzle body 10 and an intermediate disk limiting the stroke of the valve needle are clamped by a union nut 12 to a nozzle holder in which, among other things, a closing spring which presses the valve flange against the valve seat is accommodated. At the combustion chamber term end, the nozzle body 10 is provided with a conical wall section 14 which merges into a flat end wall 16.

Die Überwurfmutter 12 ist brennraumseitig über den Düsenkörper 10 hinaus verlängert und stromab von dessen Stimwand 16 mit einer inneren Stützschulter 18 versehen, an welcher ein als ganzes mit der Bezugszahl 20 bezeichneter Glühvorsatzt anliegt. Dieser hat als zentrales Bauelement einen als Wendel ausgeführten Glühkörper 22, der eine Durchgang 24 für die Spritzstrahlen 26 bildet. Der Glühkörper 22 ist so bemessen, daß die Spritzstrahlen den Glühkörper 22 nicht benetzen, jedoch eine Injektorwirkung hervorrufen, durch welche Luft aus dem Brennraum in das Innere des Glühkörpers 22 angesaugt wird.The union nut 12 is extended on the combustion chamber side beyond the nozzle body 10 and is provided downstream of its end wall 16 with an inner support shoulder 18 against which an annealing attachment, designated as a whole by the reference number 20, bears. As the central component, this has a filament 22 designed as a coil, which forms a passage 24 for the spray jets 26. The incandescent body 22 is dimensioned such that the spray jets do not wet the incandescent body 22, but cause an injector effect, through which air is sucked from the combustion chamber into the interior of the incandescent body 22.

Der Glühkörper 22 ist von einer metallischen Hülse 30 umgeben, die einen zylindrischen Abschnitt 32 größeren Durchmessers und einen zylindrischen Abschnitt 34 kleineren Durchmessers hat. Am Übergang zwischen den Abschnitten 32 und 34 ist eine Ringschulter 36 gebildet, die auf der Stützschulter 18 der Überwurfmutter 12 aufliegt. Stromab der Stützschulter 18 ist die Überwurfmutter 12 mit einem Bohrungsabschnitt 38 versehen, welcher den Abschnitt 34 der Hülse passend und dichtend umgreift.The incandescent body 22 is surrounded by a metallic sleeve 30, which has a cylindrical section 32 of larger diameter and a cylindrical section 34 of smaller diameter. At the transition between the sections 32 and 34, an annular shoulder 36 is formed, which rests on the support shoulder 18 of the union nut 12. Downstream of the support shoulder 18, the union nut 12 is provided with a bore section 38, which fits around the section 34 of the sleeve in a suitable and sealing manner.

Zwischen Hülse 30 und Düsenkörper 10 ist ein metallischer Wärmeschutzring 40 verformt eingespannt, der mit einem inneren Ringrand 42 gegen die Stirnwand 16 des Düsenkörpers 10 dichtend drückt. Der axial zum inneren Ringrand 42 versetzte äußere Ringrand 44 des Wärmeschutzringes 40 stützt sich dichtend auf einer Ringschulter 46 im Innren der Hülse 30 ab und drückt diese bei aufgeschraubter Überwurfmutter 12 schüttelfest an die Stützschulter 18 an. Der Wärmeschutzring 40 schützt die Stirnwand 16 des Düsenkörpers 10 vor der Hitzestrahlung des Glühkörpers 22 und führt Wärme von der Stirnwand 16 auf die Hülse 30 ab, von wo sie über die Überwurfmutter 12 auf das Motorgehäuse abgeleitet wird.A metallic heat protection ring 40 is clamped deformed between the sleeve 30 and the nozzle body 10 and presses with an inner ring edge 42 against the end wall 16 of the nozzle body 10 in a sealing manner. The outer ring edge 44 of the heat protection ring 40, which is offset axially to the inner ring edge 42, is supported in a sealing manner on an annular shoulder 46 in the interior of the sleeve 30 and, when the union nut 12 is screwed on, presses it against the supporting shoulder 18 in a shake-proof manner. The heat protection ring 40 protects the end wall 16 of the nozzle body 10 from the heat radiation of the incandescent body 22 and dissipates heat from the end wall 16 to the sleeve 30, from where it is dissipated via the union nut 12 to the motor housing.

Der Gtühkörper '22 ist erfindungsgemäß durch einen Mantelheizleiter bekannter Bauart gebildet, dessen mittlerer Bereich zu einer Wendel 50 (Figur 2) gewickelt ist. Die Wendel 50 ist mit zwei gestreckten Anschlußenden 52, 54 versehen, die beide tangential vom Wicklungsdurchmesser abgehen. Das Anschlußende 52 ist dem brennraumseitigen Endabschnitt 56 der Wendel 50 zugeordnet und mit einem abgewinkelten Abschnitt 58 versehen, der durch eine parallel zur Düsenachse verlaufende Bohrung 60 in der Hülse 30 hindurchgeführt und darin dichtend eingelötet ist. Widerstandsdraht und Mantel sind nach dem Durchstecken des Abschnitts 58 und Einlöten in die Bohrung 60 hochtemperaturfest versiegelt. Am Ende des Abschnittes 58 ist der innere Widerstandsdraht 62 des Mantelheizleiters 22 ein Stück weit frei aus und dessen äußeren Ringmantel 64 herausgeführt.The cooling body '22 is formed according to the invention by a jacket heating conductor of known construction, the central area of which is wound into a coil 50 (FIG. 2). The coil 50 is provided with two elongated connection ends 52, 54, both of which extend tangentially from the winding diameter. The connection end 52 is assigned to the end section 56 of the coil 50 on the combustion chamber side and is provided with an angled section 58, which is guided through a bore 60 in the sleeve 30 and runs parallel to the nozzle axis and is soldered in a sealing manner. Resistance wire and sheath are sealed to high temperature after the section 58 has been pushed through and soldered into the bore 60. At the end of section 58, the inner resistance wire 62 of the jacket heating conductor 22 is a bit free and its outer ring jacket 64 is led out.

Das aus dem äußeren Ringmantel 64 herausgeführte Ende des inneren Widerstandsdrahtes 62 ist an einen Kontaktring 66 angelötet, der unter Zwischenlage eines keramischen Isolierringes 68 auf der oberen Stirnseite der Hülse 30 befestigt ist. Die Befestigung kann durch Kleben oder auch Löten erfolgen. Der Isolierring 68 und der Kontaktring 66 sind in dem keilförmigen Ringraum 70 zwischen dem konischen Wandabschnitt 14 des Düsenkörpers 10 und der Überwurfmutter 12 angeordnet. Der Kontaktring 66 ist mit einer Stromzuführungshülse 74 verbunden, deren Ausbildung hier im einzelnen nich näher interessiert und beispielsweise in der DE-A 35 02 098 beschrieben ist.The end of the inner resistance wire 62 which is led out of the outer ring jacket 64 is soldered to a contact ring 66 which is fastened with the interposition of a ceramic insulating ring 68 on the upper end face of the sleeve 30. The attachment can be done by gluing or soldering. The insulating ring 68 and the contact ring 66 are arranged in the wedge-shaped annular space 70 between the conical wall section 14 of the nozzle body 10 and the union nut 12. The contact ring 66 is connected to a power supply sleeve 74, the design of which is of no particular interest here and is described, for example, in DE-A 35 02 098.

Die Wendel 50 erstreckt sich von ihrem eingangsseitigen Endbereich 56 entgegen der Strömungsrichtung des Kraftstoffs zum Düsenkörper 10, wobei der Wicklungsdurchmesser stetig kleiner wird. Das zweite Anschlußende 54 der Wendel 50 ist in einer Wandkerbe 72 im Inneren der Hülse 30 abgestützt. Der äußere Ringmantel 64 des Mantelheizleiters 22 ist am Anschlußende 54 mit dem inneren Widerstandsdraht 62 kontaktiert und dient selbst als Masseleiter, welcher das vom Kontaktring 66 abgekehrte Ende des Widerstandsdrahtes 62 mit der Hülse 30 und über diese mit Masse verbindet. Zu diesem Zweck ist der äußere Ringmantel 64 an beiden Ende mit der Hülse 30 verlötet.The coil 50 extends from its input-side end region 56 counter to the direction of flow of the fuel to the nozzle body 10, the winding diameter continuously becoming smaller. The second connection end 54 of the coil 50 is supported in a wall notch 72 inside the sleeve 30. The outer ring jacket 64 of the jacket heating conductor 22 is contacted at the connection end 54 with the inner resistance wire 62 and itself serves as a ground conductor which connects the end of the resistance wire 62 remote from the contact ring 66 to the sleeve 30 and via this to ground. For this purpose, the outer ring jacket 64 is soldered to the sleeve 30 at both ends.

Bei der beschriebenen Ausführung kann der Mantelheizleiter 22 kostensparend ohne kalte Enden ausgeführt sein, ohne daß der Kontaktring 66 unzulässig stark erwärmt wird.In the described embodiment, the jacket heating conductor 22 can be designed in a cost-saving manner without cold ends, without the contact ring 66 being excessively heated.

Der Zusamenbau der Einspritzdüse geht so vor sich, daß zunächst die Hülse 30 mit dem Glühkörper 22, dem Isolierring 68 und dem Kontaktring 66 zu einer Baueinheit vorgefertigt werden.The injection nozzle is assembled in such a way that first the sleeve 30 with the glow body 22, the insulating ring 68 and the contact ring 66 are prefabricated to form a structural unit.

Danach wird die Stromzuführungshülse 74 mit dem Kontaktring 66 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Diese Baugruppe wird dann mit dem aufgesteckten Wärmeschutzring 40 in die Überwurfmutter 12 von oben her eingesetzt und soweit vorgeschoben, bis die Hülse 30 an der Stützschulter 18 der Überwurfmutter 12 anschlägt. Beim Anziehen der Überwurfmutter 12 und Spannen des Düsenkörpers 10 gegen den Düsenhalter wird auch der Wärmeschutzring 40 verspannt, wodurch die gesamte Glühvorsatzt-Baugruppe spiellos am Düsenkörper 10 festgehalten wird. Die Hülse 30 könnte aber auch mit der Überwurfmutter 12 durch Löten fest verbunden bzw. in diese eingepreßt sein.The current supply sleeve 74 is then connected in an electrically conductive manner to the contact ring 66. This assembly is then inserted with the attached heat protection ring 40 into the union nut 12 from above and advanced until the sleeve 30 strikes the support shoulder 18 of the union nut 12. When the union nut 12 is tightened and the nozzle body 10 is tightened against the nozzle holder, the heat protection ring 40 is also clamped, as a result of which the entire glow plug assembly is held on the nozzle body 10 without play. The sleeve 30 could also be firmly connected to the union nut 12 by soldering or pressed into it.

Die Einspritzdüse nach Figur 3 stimmt bis auf zwei Abweichungen mit der Ausführung nach den Figuren 1 und 2 überein. Die eine Abweichung besteht darin, daß im Abschnitt 58a des als Mantelheizleiter ausgebildeten Glühkörpers 22a sowohl der äußere Ringmantel als auch der innere Widerstandsdraht 62a eine größere Querschnittsfläche haben als im übrigen Teil des Mantelheizleiters und daß daher der ein sogennantes kaltes Ende bildente Abschnitt 58a vom Heizstrom weniger stark erwärmt wird als der Abschnitt 58 nach den Figuren 1 und 2.The injection nozzle according to FIG. 3 corresponds to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 except for two deviations. The one deviation is that in section 58a of the incandescent heating element 22a, both the outer ring jacket and the inner resistance wire 62a have a larger cross-sectional area than in the rest of the jacket heating conductor, and therefore the section 58a, which forms a so-called cold end, has less heating current is strongly heated as section 58 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Die zweite Abweichung der Einspritzüse nach Figur 3 gegenüber dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht darin, daß ein gesonderter Kontaktring 66 (Figur 1) ganz entfällt und daß der innere Widerstandsdraht 62a des Mantelheizleiters 22a direkt an einen nach innen gekehrten Rand 76 einer Stromzuführungshülse 78 angelötet ist, die im übrigen wie die Stromzuführungshülse 74 nach Figur 1 ausgebildet sein kann. Der Wegfall eines gesonderten Kontaktrings 66 wird durch die geringere thermische Belastung möglich, die sich durch die Ausbildung des Abschnittes 58a des Mantelheizleiters 22a des kalten Endes ergibt.The second deviation of the injection nozzle according to Figure 3 compared to the first embodiment is that a separate contact ring 66 (Figure 1) is completely eliminated and that the inner Resistance wire 62a of the jacket heating conductor 22a is soldered directly to an inwardly directed edge 76 of a power supply sleeve 78, which can otherwise be designed like the power supply sleeve 74 according to FIG. 1. The elimination of a separate contact ring 66 is made possible by the lower thermal load which results from the formation of section 58a of the jacket heating conductor 22a of the cold end.

Auch bei der Ausführung nach Figur 3 können die Hülse 30a, der Glühkörper 22a, der zweckmäßig aus Keramik bestehende Isolierring 68 und die Stromzuführungshülse 78 durch Löten zu einer Baueinheit vorgefertigt sein.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the sleeve 30a, the incandescent body 22a, the insulating ring 68 suitably made of ceramic and the power supply sleeve 78 can also be prefabricated into a structural unit by soldering.

Claims (11)

1. Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, having a nozzle body (10), firmly clamped to a nozzle holder by a union nut (12), and a glow plug (22, 22a) which is arranged downstream of the nozzle body (10), has a passage for the injection sprays and is surrounded with radial play by a sleeve (30, 30a) which rests on a supporting shoulder (18) of the union nut (12), said shoulder being arranged downstream of the nozzle body (10), furthermore having at least one ventilation opening which leads from the side into the path of the injection sprays and through which the injection sprays draw in air from the combustion space into the edge zones of the injection sprays, and furthermore having a contact element (66, 76) which connects one current connection (62, 62a) of the glow plug (22, 22a) to a supply conductor and, together with the sleeve (30, 30a), is held firmly at the union nut (12), the inside diameter of which in the region lying upstream of its supporting shoulder (18) is greater than the outside diameter of the sleeve (30, 30a) and of the contact element (66, 76), with the result that these parts can be inserted together with the glow plug (22, 22a) into the union nut (12) from the upstream end and pushed forward as far as the supporting shoulder (18), the glow plug (22, 22a) being formed in a manner known per se by a sheathed heating conductor which is formed into a dimensionally stable spiral (50), comprises an inner resistance wire (62, 62a) and an outer annular sheath (64) and is contacted as earth conductor on the contact element (66, 76) and one the sleeve (30, 30a).
2. Injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the outer annular sheath (64) of the sheathed heating conductor (22) is contacted with that end of the inner resistance wire (62, 62a) which is turned away from the contact element (66, 76), and is soldered to the sleeve (30, 30a) at at least one location.
3. Injection nozzle according to Claim 2, characterized in that the outer annular sheath (64) of the sheathed heating conductor (22) is soldered at both its ends to the sleeve (30).
4. Injection nozzle according to Claim 3, characterized in that that end region (56) of the spiral (50) which is associated with the contact element (66, 76) is arranged on the combustion- space side and the spiral (50) extends towards the nozzle body (10) counter to the direction of flow of the fuel.
5. Injection nozzle according to Claim 4, characterized in that that end section (58) of the sheathed heating conductor (22) which is turned towards the contact element (66, 76) is passed through a bore (60), running at least approximately parallel to the nozzle axis, of the sleeve (30), whose opening (61) turned towards the contact element (66, 76), after the pushing through of the end section (58), is sealed in a manner resistant to high temperatures.
6. Injection nozzle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that end section (58a) of the sheathed heating conductor (22a) which is turned towards the contact element (76) is designed as a socalled cold end which offers a lower electrical resistance to the heating current than the remaining part of the sheathed heating conductor (22a).
7. Injection nozzle according to Claim 6, characterized in that, in the region of that end section (58a) of the sheathed heating conductor (22a) which is turned towards the contact element (76), the annular sheath and the inner resistance wire (62a) have a larger cross sectional area than in the remaining part of the sheathed heating conductor (22a).
8. Injection nozzle according to Claim 7, characterized in that the different cross sectional areas of the annular sheath and of the inner resistance wire (62a) are produced by hammering or drawing the appropriate part of the sheathed heating conductor (22a) prior to winding.
9. Injection nozzle according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the contact element (76) is formed by the thickened or inward-turned edge of a current feed sleeve (78) arranged between nozzle body (10) and union nut (12).
10. Injection nozzle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheathed heating conductor (22, 22a), the sleeve (30, 30a) carrying and contacting it, an insulating ceramic body (68) resting on the upper front face of said sleeve, and the contact element (66, 74, 76, 78) are preassembled by soldering or adhesive bonding to form an installation unit.
EP87900650A 1986-05-23 1987-01-15 Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines Expired EP0269641B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3617353 1986-05-23
DE19863617353 DE3617353A1 (en) 1986-05-23 1986-05-23 FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

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EP0269641A1 EP0269641A1 (en) 1988-06-08
EP0269641B1 true EP0269641B1 (en) 1989-10-11

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EP87900650A Expired EP0269641B1 (en) 1986-05-23 1987-01-15 Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines

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US (1) US4834043A (en)
EP (1) EP0269641B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63503398A (en)
DE (2) DE3617353A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1987007335A1 (en)

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US5400969A (en) * 1993-09-20 1995-03-28 Keene; Christopher M. Liquid vaporizer and diffuser
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US5758826A (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-06-02 Siemens Automotive Corporation Fuel injector with internal heater
US6102303A (en) * 1996-03-29 2000-08-15 Siemens Automotive Corporation Fuel injector with internal heater
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US6289869B1 (en) 1997-09-12 2001-09-18 George D. Elliott Electromagnetic fuel ram-injector and improved ignitor
US6135360A (en) * 1998-06-01 2000-10-24 Siemens Automotive Corporation Heated tip fuel injector with enhanced heat transfer
US6422481B2 (en) 1998-06-01 2002-07-23 Siemens Automotive Corporation Method of enhancing heat transfer in a heated tip fuel injector
US6439191B1 (en) 1999-11-12 2002-08-27 George D. Elliott Fuel ram-injector and igniter improvements
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3617353A1 (en) 1987-11-26
EP0269641A1 (en) 1988-06-08
WO1987007335A1 (en) 1987-12-03
JPS63503398A (en) 1988-12-08
DE3760754D1 (en) 1989-11-16
US4834043A (en) 1989-05-30

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