EP0264360B1 - Dispositif de détection de l'orientation spatiale des places inacceptablement échauffées - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection de l'orientation spatiale des places inacceptablement échauffées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0264360B1
EP0264360B1 EP87890225A EP87890225A EP0264360B1 EP 0264360 B1 EP0264360 B1 EP 0264360B1 EP 87890225 A EP87890225 A EP 87890225A EP 87890225 A EP87890225 A EP 87890225A EP 0264360 B1 EP0264360 B1 EP 0264360B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mirror
heat radiation
periodically
radiation detector
rays
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87890225A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0264360A3 (en
EP0264360A2 (fr
Inventor
Jens Dipl.-Ing. Dührkoop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Railway Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine VAE GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine VAE GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine VAE GmbH
Publication of EP0264360A2 publication Critical patent/EP0264360A2/fr
Publication of EP0264360A3 publication Critical patent/EP0264360A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0264360B1 publication Critical patent/EP0264360B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/04—Detectors for indicating the overheating of axle bearings and the like, e.g. associated with the brake system for applying the brakes in case of a fault

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for detecting the spatial orientation of inadmissibly heated points of wheel bearings and / or wheel treads of rail vehicles with a heat radiation sensor, in which in a beam path from the measuring point to the heat radiation sensor a periodically changing deflection device with at least one mirror and imaging optics is arranged.
  • a radiation scanning device that can be used in laboratory operation has become known, which can be thermostatted and adjusted accordingly.
  • an additional swivel mirror is provided, which supplies a synchronization signal.
  • an optical system with image field scanning which can be used in laboratory operation, has also become known, a swivel mirror being used for scanning.
  • completely different framework conditions apply in general compared to a locally installed device of the type mentioned, in particular with regard to environmental influences, thermostatting and synchronization.
  • EP-A 0 217 692 shows a device with which an automatic adjustment in an optical system for monitoring and evaluating infrared images can be achieved.
  • an autocollimation system is provided for calibration, which enables the cooled detector to be self-mapped.
  • thermal detectors e.g. bolometers
  • HgCd HgTe, InSb, PbSe or combinations of such semiconductors.
  • Such semiconductor detectors respond to changes by thermal excitation of free charge carriers and are able to resolve radiation of a high pulse train, but are for the continuous detection of a certain temperature level without additional devices, such as, for example, modulators or deflection devices which interrupt the incident beam cyclically, or to other temperature levels direct, not suitable.
  • Devices of this type are usually arranged in the track area and the measuring beam reaches the generally cooled detector either vertically or in a direction deviating from the vertical through a window of the device and corresponding deflection devices.
  • DE-OS 23 43 904 shows an embodiment of a device mentioned in the introduction, in which a reference source was accommodated in a pivotable cover, which could be swiveled into the beam path after all the wheels had passed, and in this way an additional reference signal Detector provided.
  • the standard radiator was in the waiting position of the system in the beam path, whereas the signals from the standard radiator could not be taken into account during the measuring time, since the cover, which carried the standard radiator, had to be pivoted aside for the measurement.
  • the known devices only ever detected a certain measuring point and a temperature profile over a preferred direction of the measuring section could not be measured in any way.
  • the invention according to claim 1 now aims to provide information about the location of the temperature maximum and to provide a particularly simple device with which the processing of device-internal temperature reference signals in addition to the information about the inadmissible heating of measuring points of wheel bearings and / or wheel treads is made possible.
  • a device for detecting the spatial orientation of inadmissibly heated points of wheel bearings and / or wheel treads of rail vehicles with a heat radiation sensor in which in a beam path from the measuring point to the heat radiation sensor a periodically changing deflection device with at least one mirror and an imaging optical system is arranged, the autocollimation mirror surfaces facing the radiation path coming from the heat radiation sensor being provided, which, in at least one periodically recurring position of the periodically changing deflection device, essentially throw back the rays arriving from the heat radiation sensor, which at the reversal points of the movement of the rays reflected by the mirror
  • Heat radiation sensors are fixedly arranged facing and which are arranged at a distance from the imaging optics, which corresponds to the focal length of the imaging optics, the fixed autocollimation mirror surfaces being arranged at the edges of an image field lens and being curved for autocollimation with a radius corresponding to the focal length of the imaging optics.
  • an autocollimation mirror element is periodically provided in the beam path coming from the heat radiation sensor and a self-image of the heat radiation sensor results, a clearly different reference signal is periodically reflected on the heat radiation sensor, which represents the temperature of the cooled detector, whereby on the one hand an automatic calibration as well as a Reduction of the background noise and thus a more precise signal evaluation are made possible.
  • the deflection device in particular a mirror, which changes periodically in inclination, the cone of vision can be moved over the measuring point and in this way scan the measuring point along a preferred direction and take into account a plurality of consecutive measured values in real-time measurements. In this way, a temperature profile corrected with the aid of the periodically measured reference signal can be created directly, and with such a device, the errors which are possible due to the sinusoidal running of the wheels when measuring wheel bearings are eliminated.
  • the arrangement is made in a simple manner such that fixed autocollimation mirror surfaces facing the thermal radiation sensor are arranged at the reversal points of the movement of the rays reflected by the mirror.
  • Such autocollimation mirror surfaces arranged at the reversal points of the movement of the scanning beam reflect the temperature of the cooled detector back to the detector in a structurally particularly simple manner, so that in this way a reference signal which is clearly different from the measured value can be achieved, which can also be used to reduce the background noise in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • the design is such that the fixed autocollimation mirror surfaces are arranged at a distance from the imaging optics which corresponds to the focal length of the imaging optics, thereby ensuring that a precise reference value for the temperature at which the detector is located is generated.
  • such an autocollimation for the purpose of calibrating the device is further designed in such a way that the fixed autocollimation mirror surface (s) are located on the edges of a field lens arranged in the image plane and are curved with a corresponding radius for autocollimation .
  • afocal systems can be interposed, which result in a parallel beam path with a reduced beam cross-section in the area of the mirror surfaces.
  • the periodically variable deflection device can be designed as an oscillating mirror and can be pivoted about an axis parallel to the mirror plane and / or lying in the mirror plane.
  • Such an oscillating mirror can be excited to achieve a scanning speed adapted to the vehicle speed with frequencies of a few kHz, in order in this way to give a scanning frequency which, in the relatively short time available for measuring a bearing, actually has a bearing on several Can capture jobs.
  • the subsequent evaluation electronics or amplifier circuit only has to make the requirement that the electronic bandwidth is designed in such a way that the rise time of the amplifier for evaluation even with only one oscillation train the full amplitude is sufficient. Relatively broadband amplifiers are therefore to be used.
  • the design can alternatively be such that an autocollimation mirror surface facing the beam path coming from the heat radiation sensor is provided, which in at least one periodically recurring position of the periodically variable deflection device Rays coming from the heat radiation sensor essentially in itself and that the mirror of the periodically variable deflection device is formed by inclined surfaces of a rotating disc, the inclination of which is periodically different in the circumferential direction of the disc to the plane of rotation, and that the autocollimation mirror surface is arranged on the circumference of the disc.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first schematically illustrated Arrangement of the beam path with an oscillating mirror and autocollimation through mirrored surfaces of a field lens
  • Fig. 2 a modified design with planar autocollimation mirrors
  • Fig. 3 a rotating mirror as a replacement for the oscillating mirror according to Fig. 1 in axial section
  • Fig. 4 a view of a rotating one 3 in the axial direction and the Fig. 5, 6 and 7 sections along the lines VV, VI-VI and VII-VII of Fig. 4.
  • the measuring beam 1 passes through a focusing optical element 2 onto a deflecting mirror 3 and subsequently arrives at an oscillating mirror 5 with the interposition of an image field lens 4, which oscillating mirror 5 scans the image on the image field lens 4 via a infrared optics 6 a detector or heat radiation sensor 7 supplies.
  • the oscillating mirror 5 oscillates in the direction of the double arrow 8 and can be excited piezoelectrically via oscillating crystals or electromagnetically in order to exert this oscillation.
  • the field lens 4 has a radius of curvature on its side facing the mirror, which corresponds to the refractive power of the converging lens (s) of the infrared optics 6. Due to the pivoting movement of the mirror 5, a viewing area corresponding to the double arrow 9 is now partly detected and, on the other hand, the image of the detector 7 designed by the converging lens of the infrared optics 6 reaches the mirrored areas 10 provided in the marginal area of the converging lens with a correspondingly wide deflection the image of the detector 7 is reflected and a reference signal for the temperature of the detector element 7, which can be thermoelectrically cooled in a simple manner, is thus provided in these edge regions.
  • the autocollimation is achieved by the reflectively vaporized areas of the field lens 4, which are designated by 10.
  • the lens can also be arranged slightly outside the photo. In the present case, however, only a slight additional modulation can occur due to the deflected beam, even with inhomogeneities, which is insignificant for the reference formation.
  • an afocal system consisting of a diverging lens 11 and a converging lens 12 is provided between the optics 2 on the input side and the infrared optics 6 in front of the detector 7, the refractive powers of which cancel each other out , so that the focus is shifted from the lens.
  • the deflection mirror is again designated 3. Since in the region between the diverging lens 11 and the converging lens 12 the beam path runs parallel with a reduced bundle cross section, an autocollimation mirror with a flat surface can be arranged outside the diverging lens 11. This autocollimation mirror with a flat surface is designated by 13.
  • the widening of the field of view in the sense of the double arrow 9 is in turn realized by the oscillating movement of the mirror 5 in the sense of the double arrow 8.
  • a rotating disk corresponding to FIG. 3, can also be used, which has mirror surfaces 14 inclined on its outer circumference.
  • the rotating disk is denoted by 15 and can be set in rotation in the direction of arrow 16 about the axis of rotation denoted by 17.
  • a light barrier 23 is provided, which can provide synchronization signals to the subsequent evaluation electronics.
  • the mirror surface indicated by 19 in FIG. 3 runs in the plane of rotation 22 of the disc 15, as is shown in detail in FIG. 5, and serves as the autocollimation mirror surface of the disc 15, which periodically comes into contact with the heat radiation sensor 7 when the disc 15 rotates Beam path occurs and a periodic self-imaging of the detector 7 results in the generation of a periodic reference signal.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 The design of the outer circumference of the rotating disk is shown in detail in FIGS. 4 to 7.
  • successive mirror surfaces 20 and 21 are arranged in the circumferential direction 18 according to FIG. 4 with different inclinations to the plane of rotation of the disk.
  • the change in inclination is carried out incrementally, but it is easily possible to implement a continuous change in inclination, which, however, should have at least one point of discontinuity over the circumference.
  • the different inclinations of the individual mirror surfaces 20 and 21 can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7 and are illustrated by the angles ⁇ and ⁇ to the plane of rotation 22.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Dispositif pour détecter l'orientation spatiale d'emplacements, échauffés de façon inadmissible, de roulements de roues et/ou de surfaces de roulement de roues de véhicules sur rails, constitué par un capteur de rayonnement thermique (7), un système optique (6) de formation d'images, une lentille de champ image (4) et un dispositif de déviation, à inclinaison variable périodiquement et comportant au moins un miroir (5), qui sont disposés dans un trajet du rayonnement allant du point de mesure au capteur de rayonnement thermique (7), et dans lequel, dans le trajet du rayonnement provenant du capteur de rayonnement thermique (7), sont prévues des surfaces réfléchissantes d'autocollimation (10) qui, dans au moins une position, qui se répète périodiquement,du dispositif de déviation variable périodiquement, réfléchissent essentiellement sur eux-mêmes les rayons arrivant du capteur de rayonnement thermique (7), qui sont disposées au niveau des points de rebroussement du déplacement des rayons réfléchis par le miroir (5), dans une position fixe en étant tournées vers le capteur de rayonnement thermique (7), et qui sont disposées à une distance du système optique (6) de formation d'images, qui correspond à la distance focale de ce dispositif de formation d'images, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces réfléchissantes fixes d'autocollimation (10) sont disposées sur les bords de la lentille de champ image (4) et sont réalisées sous une configuration cintrée, avec un rayon correspondant à la distance focale du système optique (6) de formation d'images, pour l'autocollimation.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de déviation, variable périodiquement, est conçu sous la forme d'un miroir oscillant (5) et peut pivoter autour d'un axe qui est parallèle au plan du miroir et/ou est situé dans le plan du miroir.
  3. Dispositif pour détecter l'orientation spatiale d'emplacements, échauffés de façon inadmissible, de roulements de roues et/ou de surfaces de roulement de roues de véhicules sur rails, constitué par un capteur de rayonnement thermique (7), un système optique (6) de formation d'images et un dispositif de déviation, à inclinaison variable périodiquement et comportant au moins un miroir (5), qui sont disposés dans un trajet de rayonnement allant du point de mesure au capteur de rayonnement thermique (7), et dans lequel il est prévu, disposée dans le trajet du rayonnement provenant du capteur de rayonnement thermique (7), une surface réfléchissante d'autocollimation (19) qui, dans au moins une position, qui se répète périodiquement, du dispositif de déviation variable périodiquement, réfléchit essentiellement sur eux-mêmes les rayons arrivant du capteur de rayonnement thermique (7), caractérisé en ce que le miroir (5) du dispositif de déviation variable périodiquement est formé par des surfaces inclinées (14,20,21) d'un disque rotatif (15), dont l'inclinaison dans la direction circonférentielle du disque (15) par rapport au plan de rotation est différente périodiquement, et en ce que la surface réfléchissante d'autocollimation (19) est disposée sur la périphérie du disque.
EP87890225A 1986-10-17 1987-10-12 Dispositif de détection de l'orientation spatiale des places inacceptablement échauffées Expired - Lifetime EP0264360B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2773/86 1986-10-17
AT0277386A AT395571B (de) 1986-10-17 1986-10-17 Einrichtung zum erfassen der raeumlichen orientierung von unzulaessig erwaermten stellen von radlagern und/oder radlaufflaechen von schienenfahrzeugen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0264360A2 EP0264360A2 (fr) 1988-04-20
EP0264360A3 EP0264360A3 (en) 1990-08-08
EP0264360B1 true EP0264360B1 (fr) 1996-01-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87890225A Expired - Lifetime EP0264360B1 (fr) 1986-10-17 1987-10-12 Dispositif de détection de l'orientation spatiale des places inacceptablement échauffées

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US4853541A (fr)
EP (1) EP0264360B1 (fr)
AT (2) AT395571B (fr)
DE (1) DE3751663D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3925964A1 (de) * 1989-08-05 1991-02-07 Zeiss Carl Fa Verfahren und vorrichtung zur eliminierung des temperatur-einflusses auf den fokussierzustand ir-optischer abbildungssysteme
AT398413B (de) * 1990-05-18 1994-12-27 Voest Alpine Eisenbahnsysteme Verfahren zum messen von achs- bzw. lagertemperaturen zur ortung von heissläufern
AT400989B (de) * 1992-12-21 1996-05-28 Vae Ag Einrichtung zum erkennen unzulässig erwärmter bauteile bzw. stellen an bewegten objekten
EP0851221A1 (fr) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-01 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Tête de mesure pour la détermination par flash de radiation de la diffusivité thermique d'échantillons hétérogènes
AT408092B (de) 1999-10-19 2001-08-27 Vae Ag Einrichtung zum messen von achs- bzw. lagertemperaturen zur ortung von heissläufern oder überhitzten bremsen im rollenden bahnverkehr
US7290070B2 (en) * 2003-05-12 2007-10-30 International Business Machines Corporation Multiple logical input/output subsystem facility
US7277968B2 (en) * 2004-01-23 2007-10-02 International Business Machines Corporation Managing sets of input/output communications subadapters of an input/output subsystem
DE102008033856B3 (de) * 2008-07-19 2009-07-09 Sst Signal & System Technik Gmbh Einrichtung zum berührungslosen Messen der Temperatur erwärmter Bauteile an fahrenden Schienenfahrzeugen
DE102009029891A1 (de) 2009-06-23 2010-12-30 Sst Signal & System Technik Gmbh Steuerungseinrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung einer in Gleisanlagen ortsfest installierbaren Überwachungsanlage

Family Cites Families (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3303340A (en) * 1963-10-25 1967-02-07 Gen Electric Optical arrangement in hot box detection apparatus
GB1193474A (en) * 1967-06-15 1970-06-03 Hawker Siddeley Dynamics Ltd Improvements in or relating to the Detection of Overheated Axle Boxes
US3454758A (en) * 1968-04-11 1969-07-08 Servo Corp Of America Hotbox detector
US3617745A (en) * 1970-05-19 1971-11-02 Us Army Photometer radiometer irradiance reference source
DE2204498A1 (de) * 1972-02-01 1973-08-09 Witec Wissenschaftlich Tech Be Optisches system mit bildfeldabtastung
GB1399706A (en) * 1972-10-25 1975-07-02 Barr & Stroud Ltd Optical scanning device
US4057734A (en) * 1975-08-28 1977-11-08 Barringer Research Limited Spectroscopic apparatus with balanced dual detectors
GB1530792A (en) * 1975-12-30 1978-11-01 Barr & Stroud Ltd Radiation scanning system
US4236076A (en) * 1979-02-26 1980-11-25 Technicon Instruments Corporation Infrared analyzer
US4518218A (en) * 1983-09-26 1985-05-21 Magnavox Government And Industrial Electronics Co. Stepped polygon scan mirror
FR2574931A1 (fr) * 1984-12-17 1986-06-20 Hgh Ingenierie Systemes Infrar Dispositif de mesure de temperature sans contact a balayage rapide
FR2586487B1 (fr) * 1985-08-20 1987-11-20 Thomson Csf Dispositif d'autoalignement pour systeme optique d'observation d'images infrarouges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0264360A3 (en) 1990-08-08
AT395571B (de) 1993-01-25
US4853541A (en) 1989-08-01
DE3751663D1 (de) 1996-02-15
EP0264360A2 (fr) 1988-04-20
ATA277386A (de) 1992-06-15
ATE132634T1 (de) 1996-01-15

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