EP0262169A1 - Procede pour nettoyer des moulages rigides encrasses - Google Patents

Procede pour nettoyer des moulages rigides encrasses

Info

Publication number
EP0262169A1
EP0262169A1 EP87901483A EP87901483A EP0262169A1 EP 0262169 A1 EP0262169 A1 EP 0262169A1 EP 87901483 A EP87901483 A EP 87901483A EP 87901483 A EP87901483 A EP 87901483A EP 0262169 A1 EP0262169 A1 EP 0262169A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dirt
cleaning
washing
pqav
bath
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP87901483A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alfred Meffert
Andreas Syldatk
Johann Friedrich Fues
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0262169A1 publication Critical patent/EP0262169A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/40—Specific cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/46—Specific cleaning or washing processes applying energy, e.g. irradiation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to improvements in the cleaning of solid materials or molded parts by treating them in a washing or cleaning bath with simultaneous exposure to ultrasound on the bath liquid and / or the material to be cleaned.
  • the removal of in particular pigment and / or grease soiling from the surface of solid workpieces or molded parts in washing and cleaning bids with simultaneous use of ultrasound to facilitate dirt removal is a secure part of the relevant process engineering today, with the entire area of only occasional cleaning processes - for example in the Cleaning historical coins - right up to the independent process step in the continuous large-scale production of, for example, motor vehicles.
  • the relief of the cleaning effect is based essentially on the cavitation and the shock-like extreme pressure fluctuations triggered in the immediate vicinity of the soiled solid surface. It is known that cavitation in aqueous cleaning solutions is harder and more effective than in organic solvents. Because of the extremely different types of contamination, however, depending on the contamination, either aqueous and / or organic washing baths are used, depending on the existing technical possibilities. Organic solvents are particularly suitable for degreasing, but not infrequently they leave the pigment-like residues degreased on their part as a dry, dusty coating on the surface to be cleaned.
  • Aqueous, mainly alkaline and possibly surfactant-containing wash baths are less suitable for removing greasy soils but rather for removing pigment-like soils or, at best, for removing easily emulsifiable greasy deposits or residues on the solid surface.
  • the teaching of the invention is based on the object, the cleaning of shaped material parts and in particular the cleaning of the surface of such molded parts from pigment and / or grease soiling in suitable washing and cleaning baths with the simultaneous action of ultrasound! to improve substantially in several ways.
  • the invention intends to enable batch or continuous regeneration of the bath fluids, especially during the use of these baths, without the bath liquid having to be distilled.
  • the advantages of the new development are intended to apply equally to organic bath liquids and to aqueous baths, the invention, in a particularly important embodiment, having the task of making it possible, partially or preferably completely, to dispense with organic wash baths precisely where they were previously used has been regarded as indispensable by CKW and / or PKW in particular.
  • the object of the invention is further to clean effectively with aqueous bath liquids under comparatively mild working conditions, in particular pH and process temperature, even the most difficult cleaning tasks in the Neutral range and at most moderately elevated temperatures in aqueous washing or cleaning baths should be possible using ultrasound.
  • the invention wants to enable the dirt to be separated from the bath liquid in such a way that, in essence, stationary baths can be used with batch-wise or continuous throughput of shaped materials to be cleaned without exhausting the cleaning capacity of the wash baths used. Further specific objects of the invention will become apparent from the description of the invention which follows.
  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning the surface of solid, shaped materials or molded parts, in particular pigment and / or grease stains, by treating them in a washing and cleaning bath with at least temporary exposure to ultrasound, if desired in conjunction with further washing - And / or rinsing stages without the action of ultrasound, the characteristic of the method being that washing or cleaning baths are used for the ultrasound treatment, which are characterized by a content of catchers which are at least largely insoluble in the bath liquid for the absorption of at least part of the detached dirt award. It is preferred to work with insoluble dirt traps that can be removed manually and / or mechanically from the cleaned material molds.
  • the insoluble dirt traps are used in such a way that they can also be removed manually and / or mechanically from the liquid phase of the washing or cleaning bath.
  • the undissolved catchers which are present as solids are preferably designed such that they have a substantial retransmission under the cleaning conditions and in particular also under the action of ultrasound Prevent the dirt particles on the solid surfaces to be cleaned.
  • aqueous washing or cleaning baths which contain at least partially dissolved surfactant components.
  • aqueous surfactant liquor, pigment and / or grease soiling to be removed and the dirt trap used, which is undissolved in the washing liquor are coordinated with one another in such a way that the entire pigment and / or grease soiling removed - or at least the main part thereof - Is taken up by the undissolved dirt trap and can be discharged from the cleaning step by separating this undissolved dirt trap phase from the washing bath liquid.
  • This separation can take place batchwise or continuously. It can be carried out in this form during the operation of the bath or during a break in operation or on the liquid phase drawn off from the bath. Details of this will appear from the following.
  • the essence of the teaching according to the invention lies in the following:
  • the method according to the invention removes the impurities from the surface of the material to be cleaned, with the aid of the cleaning forces triggered by ultrasound, but does not leave it at this step.
  • a catcher in the solid form which is insoluble in the wash liquor is provided, on the surface of which the dirt is deposited at least partially.
  • the dirt is transferred from an emitting solid surface to an accommodating, separately arranged solid surface.
  • the wash bath liquid now essentially only serves Cavitation formation and thus easier cleaning due to the action of ultrasound and the transport of the detached dirt particles onto the surface of the dirt trap, which is in a separate solid phase.
  • the wash bath liquidity itself is not consumed. It regenerates itself to the extent that the dirt it absorbs is absorbed by the strainer.
  • the catcher systems used according to the invention are tailored to this. They can consist of only one substance that is able to bind both pigment dirt and greasy dirt, but in particular different catcher systems can also be used, which are more suitable for binding pigment dirt on the one hand and for grease dirt on the other hand.
  • the corresponding capture solids can be used in a mixture with one another, but they can also be used separately in successive process stages. It is particularly important for the teaching of the invention that under these conditions of dirt transfer from one solid surface to another with simultaneous regeneration of the washing liquid, the use of aqueous systems becomes possible, irrespective of whether it is the removal of pigment soiling or greasy soiling.
  • the method according to the invention makes use of the extensive knowledge for washing or cleaning with aqueous surfactant liquors both in the field of technical cleaning and in the field of textile washing.
  • the catcher systems used according to the invention are particularly designed so that they contain the dirt traps immobilized at least on the surface of the undissolved catch systems.
  • the teaching according to the invention thus extends the use of a working principle in the field of cleaning, in particular technical cleaning, of solid, shaped materials under the action of ultrasound, which is described in a number of older applications by the applicant, preferably for washing textile materials under conventional washing conditions .
  • the use of this new working principle in the field of textile washing using ultrasound, in particular to facilitate the removal of pigment and / or grease stains, is described in the older patent application DE 36 10 386.1 (D 7583).
  • the disclosure of all of these older patent applications mentioned is hereby expressly made the subject of the present disclosure.
  • the invention provides as an essential element the use of so-called catchers for the absorption of at least part of the detached pigment and / or grease dirt.
  • these catchers are insoluble in the wash liquor and are present in such a form that they can be separated manually and / or mechanically from the cleaned material and, if desired, from the wash liquor used.
  • a first class of such capture substances which is particularly important according to the invention, is insoluble and / or polyfunctional ones present or immobilized on correspondingly insoluble solid supports quaternary ammonium compounds (PQAV), which are used in particular in the form of their insoluble or immobilized PQAV / surfactant complexes and in detail in the older applications and here again in particular in applications DE 36 06 729.6 (D 7554) and DE 36 10 386.1 ( D 7583) are described.
  • PQAV quaternary ammonium compounds
  • the earlier application DE 35 45 990.5 (D 7478/7495) relates to the use of polyfunctional quaternary ammonium compounds (PQAV) which are insoluble in aqueous surfactant washing or cleaning solutions, even under the temperature loads of the washing process, and / or on aqueous ones Solutions corresponding to insoluble solids are not washable, immobilized, as a particle-dirt-collecting cleaning booster in aqueous surfactant washing or cleaning solutions, which can be separated from the items to be cleaned manually and / or mechanically after washing or cleaning. At least a considerable proportion of the dirt, especially pigment dirt, that is solubilized in textile washing is absorbed by the PQAV in the solid phase and thus ultimately by the originally soiled and to be cleaned textile material! transferred to the dirt collector.
  • PQAV polyfunctional quaternary ammonium compounds
  • aqueous alkaline cleansers if desired containing surfactants supply liquors, in particular washing solutions from textile washing, are subjected to regeneration in such a way that either the dirty cleaning liquor is treated with the insoluble or immobilized PQAV either during the textile washing and / or thereafter, and thereby at least partially freed from solubilized dirt, in particular pigment dirt.
  • the washing solution treated in this way can be reused - for example in the context of textile washing.
  • PQAV or PQAV / surfactant complex compounds as from the reaction of PQAV with surfactant components, in particular anionic, amphoteric and / or nonionic surface-active agents, as dirt-absorbing weight-loss agents for reducing the need for conventional chemicals in washing and / or cleaning agents is the subject of said patent application DE 36 06 729.6 (D 7554).
  • PQAV Polyfunctional quaternary ammonium compounds
  • An important area of use for such compounds is the field of cosmetic preparations, in particular for the treatment or conditioning of hair. It is a known characteristic of PQAV that they are capable of being coated on solid surfaces, this capability being possible in particular in the presence of customary surfactant components.
  • the absorbability and the adhesive strength of the PQAV on the solid base are different.
  • the respective constitution of the PQAV plays a decisive role here. For the behavior of the PQAV under the influence of aqueous surfactant baths, however, the interaction with anionic surfactant components in particular can be of crucial importance.
  • the corresponding anionic surfactant salt In the case of stoichiometric or approximately stoichiometric amounts of the anionic surfactant components, the corresponding anionic surfactant salt generally forms on the quaternary ammonium group.
  • Such PQAV anionic surfactant salts generally show a greatly reduced water solubility. Corresponding precipitates form, see, for example, German Offenlegungsschrlft 22 42 914.
  • Such anionic surfactant salts from PQAV have been proposed as antistatic agents for application to fibers.
  • these previously known PQAV are oligomers and / or polymers which have a plurality or a plurality of quaternary ammonium groups on their oligomeric or polymeric matrix. Adequate water solubility of the PQAV is generally required for use in the field of cosmetics.
  • the use of the PQAV according to the invention demands the insolubility of the PQAV-based auxiliaries used as dirt collectors in the water-surfactant washing or cleaning solutions.
  • the insolubility of the PQAV components used as dirt collectors in the sense of the invention is in fact an indispensable prerequisite, in particular for the washing of textiles. Will this critical prerequisite according to the invention is not met, then the washing result is reversed to its opposite. Soluble PQAV components sliding into the wash bath are absorbed onto the textile material to be washed and bind additional pigment stains in an undesirable manner there.
  • Suitable originally water-soluble or also water-insoluble PQAV in the sense of the invention preferably have an average molecular weight of at least about 200, preferably of at least about 300 and in particular of at least about 1000.
  • the upper limit of the PQAV is basically meaningless and is, for example, 50 million, e.g. . B. 10 million. This is understandable from the condition of the insolubility of the PQAV required according to the invention. If this is ensured, there are no upper limits to the molecular weight.
  • all polymers which carry quaternary ammonium groups either in the polymer chain or bound to the polymer chain are suitable as PQAV which are initially water-soluble but then immobilized on an insoluble carrier.
  • Such quaternary ammonium groups can also be derived from cyclically bound nitrogen.
  • Examples of such quaternary ammonium groups are corresponding members of 5- or 6-membered ring systems, e.g. B. of morpholine, piperidine, piperazine or indazole rings.
  • Numerous examples of such water-soluble PQAV are e.g. B. in US Pat. No. 4,240,450.
  • Homopolymers or copolymers with cyclic units can be particularly suitable.
  • Commercial products of this structure are e.g. B. Merquat (R) 100 and Marquart (R) 550 (Quaternium 41).
  • suitable PQAV are, for example, cellulose ethers, the anhydrogiucose units of which bear substituents with quaternary ammonium groups which are bonded via ether oxygen.
  • Such polymers are e.g. B. known from US-PS 3,472,840.
  • a commercial product with this structure is e.g. B. the polymer JR (R) 400.
  • cationic polymers are e.g. B. the known from US-PS 3 910 862 and z.
  • B. Quaternary polyvinylpyrolideone copolymers obtainable under the trade name Gafquat (R) 734 and 755 and those known from US Pat. No. 4,157,388 and known e.g. B. Quaternary polymer urea derivatives obtainable under the trade name Mirapol (R) A15.
  • B. Quaternary polyvinylpyrolideone copolymers obtainable under the trade
  • Copolymers with a polycationic character are also the folyacrylamide copolymers described in the published European patent application 0 153 146, in particular in addition to contain at least 50 minor acrylamide units up to 50 mol% of a quaternized amino alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. These copolymers are water soluble. There they are applied to cloths based on cellulose fibers and draw on there due to their natural drawing power. Cloths of this type can be washed out and are then to be used together with anionic surfactant-free surfactant systems for cleaning hard surfaces, in particular for cleaning glass. Under these conditions, they are characterized by an increased dirt absorption capacity.
  • the cleaning wipes described in the publication are unsuitable for the use according to the invention in customary surfactant washing and cleaning liquors, which can also be exposed to temperatures up to about 95 ° C.
  • Not inconsiderable proportions of the numerous PQAV copolymers described in the publication slip into the wash bath, pull onto the items to be cleaned and lead here to increased pigment contamination. It is only the conversion of such PQAVs to the physical state required according to the invention, which is described below, that makes them tools in the sense of the invention.
  • Preferred PQAV as starting materials are those compounds which, in solid form, cause difficulties in dissolving in water.
  • Such cationic polymers are especially the cationic polygalactomannan derivatives known from GB-PS 1 136 842, for example.
  • Galactomannans are polysaccharides that occur in the endosperm cells of many legume seeds, but which are obtained on an industrial scale only from locust bean gum (Iocust bean gum), guar gum (guar gum) and tara gum (tara gum). They are made up of a linear Mannan main chain consisting of beta (1 .4) glycosidically linked mannopyranose building blocks to which individual galactopyranose residues are fixed in branch in an alpha- (1 .6) -g! ycosidic bond. The individual polygalactomannans differ mainly in the mannose-lactose ratio.
  • the cationic derivatives of the polygalactomannans are produced by reacting hydroxyl groups of the polysaccharide with reactive quaternary ammonium compounds. Suitable reactive quaternary ammonium compounds are, for. B. those of the general formula
  • R 5 is an alkylene group with 1-3 C atoms
  • X chlorine or bromine
  • Z is an anion such as.
  • B. Is chloride, bromide, iodide or hydrogen sulfate. The degree of substitution should be at least 0.01 and preferably at least 0.05 and is typically between 0.05 and 0.5.
  • a special one suitable quaternary ammonium derivative of a polygalactomannan is e.g. B. the guar-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride, which has cationic groups of the formula bonded to the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of the polysaccharide
  • Such cationic guar derivatives are e.g. B. on the market under the trade name "Cosmedia Guar C 261".
  • the degree of substitution (DS) of Cosmedia Guar C 261 is around 0.07.
  • Corresponding PQAV / surfactant complexes which are derived from the reaction of such PQAV components with one or more surfactants, in particular anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and / or nonionic surfactants, are particularly suitable as dirt traps for the cleaning stage described using ultrasound.
  • the originally present counter anion of the PQAV may be replaced, at least in part, by surface-active agents. It may be preferred to use corresponding reaction products between the original PQAV and the surface-active agents, in which at least 50 equivalent% and in particular at least about 80 equivalent% of the quaternary ammonium groups are activated with regard to their counteranions by exchange with the surface-active agents.
  • the activation of the quaternary ammonium groups by the use of at least equivalent amounts of PQAV on the one hand and surface-active agent on the other hand in the preparatory manufacturing stage of the dirt-absorbing Catcher made.
  • Excess surfactants generally do no harm and may even be preferred.
  • Particularly active catchers have been obtained by using a multiple excess of the surfactant component beyond the stoichiometrically required amount. This excess can amount to, for example, up to 10 times the stoichiometrically calculated amount or even more and, for example, up to 1000 times this amount.
  • surfactants have been used in amounts of 10 to 500 times based on the stoichiometrically required amount.
  • Surfactant components which are capable of such an exchange are used in particular as surface-active agents.
  • surface-active agents In quaternary ammonium groups, as is known - depending on the type of quaternization reaction - usually as a counter anion, for. B. halide or a lower alkyl sulfate group.
  • this counter ion is replaced, for example, by surfactants containing anionic groups or correspondingly reacting surfactants.
  • the counter anion can be replaced by anionic, amphoteric and / or nonionic surface-active agents known per se, in particular by corresponding low-molecular compounds with surfactant character.
  • the insoluble catchers based on PQAV can - as described in detail in the older applications - in the form of flat supports with a large surface such. B. in sheet or foil form or in the form of a cloth used.
  • these essential auxiliaries in the form of finely divided substances which enable their disperse fine distribution in the washing or cleaning liquors and thus ensure that, with the most homogeneous distribution of the dirt-adsorbing catcher components, every contaminated area of the material to be cleaned of catcher substance is washed around. In this way, the transport path of a detached dirt particle from its original location to the desired landfill location on the catcher surface is kept as short as possible.
  • the catchers based on PQAV which are present as a heterogeneous solid phase according to the invention, absorb, in particular, electrostatically charged portions, for example correspondingly negatively charged particle dirt, from the dirt-laden liquor.
  • the PQAV solid matter! due to different surface forces, they can also have a cleaning effect or relieve fleets of other dirt.
  • the PQAV-based catchers are also able to borrow considerable amounts of grease from the fleet. In order to reinforce the cleaning effect, however, it may be expedient in this context to use substance classes other than dirt-absorbing catchers within the meaning of the invention or to use them together with the PQAV-based catchers.
  • auxiliaries which are also present in a heterogeneous solid phase and are distinguished by a high absorption capacity for oleophilic soiling are used.
  • selected plastics for example polyethylene or polypropylene or polyurethanes or surface-insoluble solids of any origin which have been given a highly hydrophobic finish, have the ability to pull the oleophilic dirt fraction which has been hygienized under the action of a surfactant from a surfactant wash liquor and to hold onto its surface.
  • the binding of considerable amounts of greasy dirt can be an important task.
  • the entire catcher system can consist of such predominantly oleophilic contaminant-binding systems. This becomes possible when the contaminations to be removed from the solid molded parts are exclusively or by far predominantly grease contaminations. Since this prerequisite is again relatively rare in large-scale technology, and pigment stains must generally also be expected, in the more important embodiment of the invention, together with such oleophilic scavengers, capture substrate based at least partially on PQAV or PQAV / surfactant complexes also used.
  • the collectors for oleophilic dirt can be used, for example, in the form of flakes, fibers or fiber structures such as cloths, fiberglass tiles, poromer skins and the like.
  • they are in contact with the cleaning bath cleaning solid surface can be used and / or that its separate storage from the cleaning process is possible with batch or continuous passage of the cleaning liquor to absorb the oleophilic dirt.
  • teaching according to the invention also applies to these dirt traps, that a manual and / or mechanical separation between the material to be cleaned and the dirt collector and in particular also between the liquid phase and the dirt collector is ensured.
  • the auxiliary substances which collect oleophilic dirt can be used simultaneously with the treatment of the cleaning liquor by catchers based on PQAV and / or separately therefrom.
  • the working conditions are determined in detail by the nature of the pollution in the cleaning liquor and the expected load of the dirt-collecting auxiliary substances in the solid phase.
  • the insoluble PQAV-based scavengers used according to the invention as dirt-absorbing detergent are preferably used as a finely divided solid which is dispersed in the wash liquor during the washing process, can be removed from the washed goods after the washing process has ended and, if desired, can ultimately also be separated from the cleaned washing liquor, as described in detail in the above-mentioned earlier application DE 35 05 716.9 (D 7538).
  • Any insoluble materials of an inorganic and / or organic type are suitable as insoluble carrier materials for fixing PQAV or PQAV / surfactant complexes and thus for the immobilization of these dirt-collecting active components, provided that they are otherwise inert in the washing solutions.
  • Suitable organic materials can be of plant origin, for example.
  • inorganic supports such as those in the older ones mentioned Registrations are described.
  • These are mineral substances of natural and / or synthetic origin, which are in the form of finely divided solids.
  • PQAV-coated carrier substances having a specific surface area of at least approximately 0.5 m 2 / g are preferably used according to the invention, this specific surface area in particular preferably being at least 1 m 2 / g.
  • Specific surface is understood to mean the area that can be covered with PQAV.
  • Certain minerals that are particularly suitable here also have additional surface areas inside the solid phase - be it through their pore structure or through their
  • the verifiable outer surface can, however, reach considerable values, which can reach or exceed 10 m 2 / g and also 50 m 2 / g and lead up to the range of 100 m 2 / g or even up to for example 300 m 2 / g .
  • Colloidal surfaces are examples of such extreme, accessible surfaces for PQAV
  • the maximum particle sizes of the PQAV-loaded fine particles are preferably not above about 100 ⁇ , preferably not above about 40 ⁇ - these numerical values are based on the absolute particle diameter and mean that all or at least the vast majority of the fine particles present have them Framework conditions correspond. Particles which have an average particle size (volume average) of at most about 10 ⁇ can be particularly useful for effective cleaning, the absolute particle size also being below this value, at least for the majority of all solid particles.
  • Suitable inorganic carriers are in particular insoluble and finely divided salts, oxides, SHIkate and the like.
  • aium silicates of the type of zeolites or zeolite-like compounds in particular sodium zeolite A, which is widely used in detergents today. In its place, zeolite A can also be used in an exchanged form. B. find use as calcium salt.
  • a particularly suitable mineral carrier class is swellable, finely divided substances of the type of clays and / or swellable layered silicates, in particular from the smectite class.
  • Swellable inorganic minerals of this type are characterized by a particularly large surface when swollen. This can be used within the scope of the invention.
  • the known smectite clays montmorillonite, hectorite and / or saponite are particularly suitable here.
  • comparable synthetic materials are also suitable, and in particular corresponding synthetic materials with only limited swellability, as are described, for example, in the earlier application DE 35 26 405.5 (D 7031).
  • catchers which contain the insoluble active component, for example the PQAV / surfactant complex and / or the strongly oleophilic coating, as the surface finish of inherently insoluble solids, it may be preferred according to the invention to thin these active surface finishes as much as possible Provide layer on the insoluble solid supports. This ensures optimal use of the Schmu ⁇ zsammeinden active materials.
  • the thickness of the PQAV-containing coating can reach into the area of monomolecular layers. Accordingly, layer thicknesses of the active substance on the carrier materials in the range up to about 1 ⁇ and below can preferably be used.
  • the method of operation is possible in such a way that the surfaces to be cleaned are only treated with the washing solution under the action of sound and the dirt is first transferred into the washing solution, whereupon this washing solution is batch-wise and / or continuously by a separately stored one Bed of the mud flaps is guided and at least partially regenerated here.
  • this washing solution is batch-wise and / or continuously by a separately stored one Bed of the mud flaps is guided and at least partially regenerated here.
  • catchers whose capacity for dirt immobilization on the catcher is about 20 to about 98%, preferably not more than about 95% and in particular in the range from about 50 to Is 90% busy.
  • the amounts of undissolved catcher to be used in connection with the method according to the invention are matched to the expected loading of dirt.
  • the dirt absorbers are to be used only once, the smallest amounts of the catcher are often sufficient, provided that only minor contamination can be removed.
  • comparatively large amounts of pigment and / or grease soiling are obtained and have to be removed. This fact can be countered by the total amount of catcher used and / or by preferably partially discharging contaminated catcher parts and correspondingly introducing fresh catcher parts.
  • the catchers of the species concerned are able to bind the same to dirt, in particular pigment and / or grease dirt, up to a multiple of their weight - in particular due to the sprinkling of the PQAV-based catchers on the carrier substrate in the thinnest layer.
  • Impregnation - based on the total weight of the impregnated solid - in the range from about 0.01 to 20 percent by weight and in particular in the range from about 0.1 to 10 percent by weight, preferably in the range from about 0.1 to 1 percent by weight.
  • swellable layered silicates of the smectite group mentioned above and in particular the use of swellable, finely divided montmorillonite, hectorite or saponite can be modified as follows: large surface ready for the absorption of PQAV / surfactant complex, the pre-swelling of these swellable materials is recommended. This pre-swelling is possible in a purely aqueous phase. In a special embodiment, however, the inner regions of the swellable materials can be designed such that they take on an additional function within the framework of the dirt collector according to the invention.
  • the temperature of the wash liquor during the ultrasound treatment can be up to about 95 ° C., but is preferably considerably below that and usually does not exceed temperatures of about 80 ° C. Effective cleaning is possible at room temperature. The lowering of the process temperature towards room temperature is also preferred from the point of view of promoting a desired cavitation development.
  • it should be borne in mind that in the invention it has often proven to be expedient to carry out the washing step of the ultrasound treatment in the temperature range from approximately 30 to approximately 70 ° C. and here in particular in the temperature range from approximately 35 to approximately 50 ° C.
  • the frequency range for carrying out the method according to the invention in the stage of ultrasound treatment concerned here is the entire range known today and also partially used in cleaning methods.
  • a range of about 20 to 60 kHz for the sound frequency used can be particularly suitable, although here again it is known that the tendency towards cavitation and thus the triggering of the desired cleaning forces is greater, the lower the sonication frequency in the above Berelch is selected.
  • the effects of far higher frequencies are also known, e.g. B. up to the MHz range, which are particularly characterized by a stronger material penetration ability or force - even if the tendency to promote cavitation decreases.
  • the design of the sound reinforcement stage in the method according to the invention or of the devices suitable for carrying out this method stage is generally influenced by a plurality of parameters.
  • Range from at least about 20 W to the kW range. Larger amounts are also suitable for larger bathrooms.
  • Relieving washing results in the ultrasound stage are frequently obtained in the period from 0.01 to 60 minutes, in particular in 0.1 to 15 minutes, a period of approximately 1 to 15 minutes, in particular approximately 1 to 10 minutes generally providing the desired cleaning action.
  • Special cases of shorter treatment times are known for the particularly continuous cleaning of fast-running articles, e.g. B. Wire, given.
  • the general laws that apply to textile washing in the older patent applications mentioned and in particular in applications DE 36 06 729.6 also apply (D 7554) and DE 36 10 386 (D 7583) are described.
  • the cleaning agent system for coping with the pigment dirt and / or grease dirt problem can be reduced to the suitable combination of the following two components: auxiliary means for detaching the dirt contamination from the items to be cleaned and dirt-absorbing insoluble or immobilized catchers in the sense of the invention.
  • the tools for detaching dirt and for transferring the detached dirt to the undissolved catcher are surfactants.
  • their nature and quantity can no longer be based on the fact that these surfactants used as washing aids are also of crucial importance for the solubilization of the detached pigment dirt in the liquor.
  • the details of the older applications mentioned DE 36 05 729 (D 7554) and DE 35 10 356 (D 7383) apply here in detail.
  • the cleaning stage using ultrasound can be combined in a manner known per se with additional work stages, for example pre-cleaning and / or with one or more subsequent rinsing and / or drying stages.
  • the water-cleaned material can be dried in a manner known per se by subsequent treatment in an HFC bath in an energy-saving and stain-free manner at a relatively low temperature.
  • the PQAV / surfactant-coated layered silicate - the insoluble scavenger used according to the invention - was constructed as follows: insoluble mineral: swellable layered ikolate
  • Weight ratio of layered silicate / PQAV 20/1 Weight ratio of PQAV-coated battle silicate / surfactant: 1/5
  • aqueous liquor containing the components listed above is based on tap water (16 ° dH).
  • the carburettor molded parts taken from the deep-dark gray cleaning liquor are rinsed with tap water and dried.
  • the dipped parts are surface-clean.
  • the non-compressed parts are still dirty.
  • the wash test on the polyester rag in the dirt-laden liquor leads from an initial remission value of 29.5% to a wash remission value of 80.0%.
  • the washed and rinsed test cloth is pure white.

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  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Pour nettoyer des salissures dues essentiellement aux pigments et à la graisse, les pièces moulées sont traitées de manière ultrasonique dans des bains qui contiennent essentiellement des intercepteurs insolubles permettant de connecter les salissures dissoutes. Ce procédé peut être combiné avec d'autres phases de lavage et de rinçage qui se déroulent sans l'action des ultrasons.
EP87901483A 1986-04-05 1987-03-11 Procede pour nettoyer des moulages rigides encrasses Pending EP0262169A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863611422 DE3611422A1 (de) 1986-04-05 1986-04-05 Verfahren zur reinigung verschmutzter fester formteile
DE3611422 1986-04-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0262169A1 true EP0262169A1 (fr) 1988-04-06

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87901483A Pending EP0262169A1 (fr) 1986-04-05 1987-03-11 Procede pour nettoyer des moulages rigides encrasses
EP87103520A Withdrawn EP0240763A1 (fr) 1986-04-05 1987-03-11 Procédé de nettoyage de pièces solides sales

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87103520A Withdrawn EP0240763A1 (fr) 1986-04-05 1987-03-11 Procédé de nettoyage de pièces solides sales

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Country Link
US (1) US4863523A (fr)
EP (2) EP0262169A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63502997A (fr)
DE (1) DE3611422A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987005834A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA872457B (fr)

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DE4432904C2 (de) * 1994-09-15 1997-01-23 Alexandre Prof Dr Smolianitski Methode zur Reinigung technologischer Objekte von Sedimenten
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DE102009021697B4 (de) * 2009-02-17 2015-04-02 Ftm Formentechnik U. Metallbau Gmbh Reinigung von Formen zur Herstellung von Reifenprofilen
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WO2012012349A2 (fr) * 2010-07-17 2012-01-26 Enginuity Worldwide, LLC Nouveaux procédés pour améliorer des caractéristiques de surface
KR20130116256A (ko) * 2010-10-01 2013-10-23 로디아 오퍼레이션스 경질 표면을 위한 세정 조성물

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63502997A (ja) 1988-11-02
EP0240763A1 (fr) 1987-10-14
DE3611422A1 (de) 1987-10-15
US4863523A (en) 1989-09-05
WO1987005834A1 (fr) 1987-10-08
ZA872457B (en) 1987-11-25

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Inventor name: FUES, JOHANN, FRIEDRICH

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Inventor name: SYLDATK, ANDREAS