EP0258335A1 - Appareil regenerateur de cellules primaires - Google Patents

Appareil regenerateur de cellules primaires

Info

Publication number
EP0258335A1
EP0258335A1 EP87901374A EP87901374A EP0258335A1 EP 0258335 A1 EP0258335 A1 EP 0258335A1 EP 87901374 A EP87901374 A EP 87901374A EP 87901374 A EP87901374 A EP 87901374A EP 0258335 A1 EP0258335 A1 EP 0258335A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
cell
primary cell
cells
constant current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87901374A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erik Denneborg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0258335A1 publication Critical patent/EP0258335A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for regenerating primary cells, with a constant current source and a connection for connecting the primary cell to the charging current source.
  • the primary cells contain active components.
  • the disadvantage compared to accumulators in primary cells is that they can generally be discharged only once and are then unusable, while accumulators can be recharged very frequently.
  • accumulators can be recharged very frequently.
  • much more energy can be stored in primary cells than in batteries.
  • primary cells are electrochemical energy sources for single use.
  • the nickel-cadmium cells that have recently been increasingly used are specially designed as rechargeable cells.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for regenerating primary cells, which is simple in construction and enables safe recharging of primary cells even by the non-specialist.
  • a comparator compares the cell voltage with a fixed reference voltage value and when the cell voltage drops below the reference voltage value gives a trigger pulse to the constant current source, which in turn gives a current pulse to the primary cell.
  • the short current pulse causes a brief voltage build-up at the terminals of the primary cell. This voltage decreases with the passage of time. With this pulsed charging, the heat development in the cell is limited, so that the risk of damage to the cell or even accidents is avoided.
  • a constant current pulse is again applied to the primary cell. This process is repeated periodically until the terminal voltage of the primary cell which is increased as a result is so great that seconds or even minutes pass between successive constant current pulses. This is a sign that the primary cell is recharged to a certain percentage of its nominal capacity.
  • the voltage amplitude of the current pulses should not be too low due to the need for sufficient efficiency. On the other hand, the voltage amplitude should not be too high to avoid chemical decomposition of the cell. Good results have been achieved in that the voltage amplitude of the current pulses is greater than or equal to 2.5 volts and less than or equal to 3 volts.
  • the pulse duration of the constant current pulse must exceed a minimum value because the cell has a certain inertia and otherwise the current would only be converted into thermal energy, but not into usable storage energy. In order to avoid an excessive temperature rise and internal pressure inside the cell, a certain maximum time for the duration of the constant current pulses should not be exceeded.
  • a current pulse advantageously lasts between 0.1 ms and 1 s, preferably between 0.1 ms and 10 ms.
  • the invention proposes specifically for such cells that a to a predetermined cell terminal voltage of, for example as 1.2 volt responsive protective circuit is provided which blocks the function of the device when the terminal voltage is below the predetermined value, the protective circuit detects z.
  • a terminal voltage of 1.2 volts or less and ensures that even after turning on the regenerator no current pulses get to the primary cell.
  • the comparator can be designed with the aid of an operational amplifier, the non-inverting input of which is connected to the reference voltage source and the inverting input of which is connected to the primary cell via an RC element.
  • the comparator When the terminal voltage of the primary cell drops below the reference voltage, the comparator generates a trigger pulse for the constant current source. This can generate a constant current pulse
  • Contain transistor which lies with its collector-emitter path between a supply voltage connection and the primary cell.
  • the base is coupled to the output of the operational amplifier OP3.
  • the protective circuit according to the invention also has an operational amplifier which compares a fixed voltage value of, for example, 1.2 volts with the terminal voltage of the primary cell and possibly blocks the function of the device in that the reference voltage is always kept at such a low value that it is away from the terminal voltage the primary cell can not be fallen below, so no constant current pulse can be triggered.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the invention for regenerating primary cells
  • Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of the device shown schematically in Figure 1, and
  • FIG. 3 shows a pulse diagram which illustrates the relationship between a constant reference voltage and the periodically generated current pulses and the cell voltage U Z caused by them.
  • Device for regenerating primary cells e.g. B. alkali-manganese cells
  • a comparator 1 a constant current source 2 and a reference voltage source 3rd
  • the reference voltage source 3 gives the comparator a reference voltage U ref one to be compared with it
  • the comparator 1 receives voltage from a primary cell 4 to be regenerated.
  • the primary cell 4 outputs a cell voltage U Z to the comparator 1.
  • the comparator If the cell voltage U Z falls below the reference voltage U ref , the comparator generates a voltage pulse which it sends to the constant current source.
  • the constant current source 2 then generates a rectangular current pulse of a predetermined duration and amplitude, which is applied to the primary cell 4.
  • a voltage (U Z ) arises at the terminals of the cell which changes over time breaks down.
  • this decreasing voltage U Z again falls below the fixed reference voltage U ref , a new constant current pulse is generated for the primary cell 4.
  • the cell voltage U Z drops less quickly and remains at a value which increases with increasing Number of charging pulses from the constant current source 2 is greater.
  • a constant current pulse is only triggered at intervals of seconds or minutes. The charging process can be observed with the aid of a display device (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • a circuit can be provided which responds to a certain minimum period of the constant current pulses and, if appropriate, generates a "charging process ended" signal.
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the device. This is from a supply voltage connection U B +
  • the terminal voltage or cell voltage U Z from the primary cell 4 to be regenerated is fed to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier OP3 via an input protective resistor R11.
  • the resistors are set such that a voltage is only generated at the output of the operational amplifier OP3 if the open terminal voltage of the primary cell 4 exceeds a value of, for example, 1.2 volts.
  • the circuit described above with the operational amplifier OP3 is a protective circuit which prevents the device from working when the Terminal voltage of the primary cell (4) to be charged falls below a certain value (1.2 volts).
  • a resistor R1 and a parallel circuit consisting of a capacitor C3, a Zener diode ZD1 and a variable resistor R2 are connected to the output of the operational amplifier OP3.
  • variable resistor R2 is used here as a reference voltage trimmer. Its movable contact is connected to a resistor R3 and the inverting input of an operational amplifier OP2, which will be explained in more detail below.
  • the comparator 1 according to FIG. 1 in the circuit according to FIG. 2 comprises an operational amplifier OP1 with a feedback branch (positive feedback) R4 and an RC element with a capacitor C1 and a resistor R7.
  • the resistors R3 and R4 form a voltage divider, the center tap of which is connected to the non-inverting input (+) of the operational amplifier OP1.
  • the connection node C1 and R7 is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier OP1.
  • Output voltage U A which is applied via a resistor R5 to the base of a transistor T1 serving as a constant current source.
  • a resistor R6, which limits the charging current, lies between the transistor T1 and the connection of the primary cell 4.
  • the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier OP2 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier OP1 via a diode D1. This entrance is also connected to circuit ground via a capacitor C2 and a resistor R9 connected in parallel therewith.
  • the output of the operational amplifier OP2 drives a light-emitting diode LED1 via a current limiting resistor R8.
  • the light-emitting diode LED1 lights up when voltage pulses are generated at the output of the operational amplifier OP1. This makes it possible to control the charging process.
  • the output voltage of the operational amplifier jumps to the value of the supply voltage U B + .
  • the output voltage jumps to ground potential.
  • the output voltage is U B + .
  • the voltage divider formed by the resistors R3 and R4 now supplies a voltage at the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier OP1 which is greater than the reference voltage U ref .
  • capacitor C1 charges via resistor R7 until its voltage reaches the upper threshold voltage and the output of the comparator begins to switch to 0 volts. Because of the positive feedback, the output voltage of the circuit suddenly jumps to 0 volts. Then the voltage at the non-inverting input rises to a value slightly below that standing reference voltage.
  • capacitor C1 begins to discharge through resistor R7 until the lower threshold voltage is reached. At this point the comparator output voltage jumps to the positive saturation voltage. This process is repeated periodically. The repetition frequency is determined by the time constant of the RC elements C1 / R7.
  • the RC element C1 / R7 represents an integrator which integrates the approximately rectangular voltage U Z.
  • the mean value of the integrated voltage corresponds to the voltage at the non-inverting input, i.e. the reference voltage.
  • Figure 3 shows the pulse-shaped voltage profile of the voltage U Z at the terminals of the primary cell.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

On considère à présent avec beaucoup de réserve la régénération de cellules primaires, par exemple de cellules alcalines au manganèse, étant donné que des tentatives de régénérer de telles cellules par l'application de tensions de charge ont le plus souvent mené à un fort réchauffement de la cellule avec le risque d'explosion que cela implique, sans apporter un stockage utile d'énergie. Selon l'invention, la tension aux bornes de la cellule primaire à régénérer est constamment comparée à une tension de référence, et lorsque la tension dans la cellule est inférieure à la tension de référence, une impulsion de courant constant est déclenchée, ce qui mène à un accroissement de la tension dans les électrodes de la cellule. Cette tension décroît lentement, d'autant plus lentement que la tension aux bornes de la cellule primaire est élevée. On obtient ainsi une régénération graduelle de la cellule primaire par l'application périodique d'impulsions de courant.
EP87901374A 1986-03-04 1987-03-03 Appareil regenerateur de cellules primaires Withdrawn EP0258335A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863606991 DE3606991A1 (de) 1986-03-04 1986-03-04 Geraet zum regenerieren von primaerzellen
DE3606991 1986-03-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258335A1 true EP0258335A1 (fr) 1988-03-09

Family

ID=6295431

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87901374A Withdrawn EP0258335A1 (fr) 1986-03-04 1987-03-03 Appareil regenerateur de cellules primaires

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0258335A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3606991A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987005452A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT406719B (de) * 1991-06-05 2000-08-25 Enstore Forschungs Entwicklung Verfahren zum vorzugsweisen schnellen laden von batterien
DE4243710C2 (de) * 1992-12-23 1998-07-30 Telefunken Microelectron Ladeverfahren für Akkumulatoren und Schaltanordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US5422559A (en) * 1993-12-06 1995-06-06 Motorola, Inc. Pulsed battery charger circuit
US5661393A (en) * 1995-04-03 1997-08-26 Rayovac Corporation Circuit and method for detecting and indicating the state of charge of a cell or battery
DE19638062A1 (de) * 1996-09-18 1998-03-19 Unomat Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufladen von Alkali-Mangan-Trockenbatterien
AT508216B1 (de) * 2009-04-27 2013-10-15 Michael Rumetshofer Optimiertes verfahren zum wiederaufladen von batterien (primärzellen)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2071233A5 (fr) * 1969-12-22 1971-09-17 Automatisme Cie Gle
DE2063733A1 (de) * 1970-12-24 1972-07-13 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laden von Nickel-Cadmium-Akkumulatoren
GB1360089A (en) * 1971-11-16 1974-07-17 J A Macharg Battery chargers
US4006397A (en) * 1972-11-01 1977-02-01 General Electric Company Controlled battery charger system
US4268589A (en) * 1977-12-08 1981-05-19 Imatra Paristo Oy Cell having improved rechargeability
US4195120A (en) * 1978-11-03 1980-03-25 P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc. Hydrogen evolution inhibitors for cells having zinc anodes
CH636735A5 (fr) * 1980-05-16 1983-06-15 Battelle Memorial Institute Procede de regulation du circuit de charge d'un chargeur de batterie, et circuit electronique pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede.
EP0047183A1 (fr) * 1980-09-03 1982-03-10 Reactomatic Limited Rechargeur de batterie de piles sèches
GB8319187D0 (en) * 1983-07-15 1983-08-17 Morris N Dry cell battery re-activator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8705452A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1987005452A1 (fr) 1987-09-11
DE3606991A1 (de) 1987-09-10

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