EP0248781A1 - Heizelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Heizelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0248781A1
EP0248781A1 EP87870077A EP87870077A EP0248781A1 EP 0248781 A1 EP0248781 A1 EP 0248781A1 EP 87870077 A EP87870077 A EP 87870077A EP 87870077 A EP87870077 A EP 87870077A EP 0248781 A1 EP0248781 A1 EP 0248781A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resin
heating element
layer
support sheet
element according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87870077A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Georges Geuskens
Robert Deltour
Thierry Vallier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Internationale De Participation Et D'investissement Cipari Sa Cie
Original Assignee
Internationale De Participation Et D'investissement Cipari Sa Cie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from BE0/216753A external-priority patent/BE904884A/fr
Application filed by Internationale De Participation Et D'investissement Cipari Sa Cie filed Critical Internationale De Participation Et D'investissement Cipari Sa Cie
Publication of EP0248781A1 publication Critical patent/EP0248781A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/27—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y10T428/292—In coating or impregnation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
    • Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating element and to a process for its manufacture.
  • the present invention relates to a heating element capable of withstanding significantly higher temperatures, for example, of the order of 450 ° C.
  • the heating element comprises at least one electrically insulating support sheet and stable at the service temperature of said element, an electrically conductive layer applied to one face of the support sheet, made of a resin.
  • synthetic thermoset stable up to a temperature of about 500 ° C and in which particles of carbon black are dispersed, as well as two metallic conductors in contact with said layer and substantially parallel to each other, these conductors being intended to be connected to a source of electric current.
  • the heating element comprises two insulating support sheets of the same kind or of different kinds, between which the above-mentioned layer is interposed.
  • the resin layer is a crosslinked silicone resin layer advantageously containing approximately 1 to 20% by weight and, preferably, 7 to 13% by weight of black particles. carbon compared to the dry resin.
  • the support sheet or sheets of the heating element according to the invention are preferably made of mica or glass.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be in various forms, for example in square or rectangular form, or even curved, and can have any dimensions.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a heating element, in which method is adhered to a face of an electrically insulating support sheet and stable at the operating temperature of said element, an electrically conductive layer d '' a resin which is soluble in an organic solvent and which is stable up to a temperature of about 500 ° C, in which particles of carbon black are dispersed, and two substantially parallel electrical conductors are brought into contact with the resin layer.
  • a crosslinkable silicone resin is dissolved in at least one organic solvent, carbon black particles are uniformly dispersed in the resin solution, the resin solution charged with particles is spread carbon black, in one or more layers, on one side of the backing sheet and causes crosslinking of the resin layer after having applied to this resin layer two metal conductors substantially parallel to each other.
  • a second support sheet optionally coated with one or more layers of resin solution loaded with carbon black particles is applied to the resin layer of the first support sheet, ensuring that the layers of resin carried by the two support sheets are in contact with each other and bonded to each other.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the attached drawings show in perspective and partially in section, on a greatly enlarged scale, a heating element, as well as the following description of manufacturing examples of heating elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially sectioned perspective view of a heating element designated as a whole by the reference notation 1.
  • This element 1 comprises: - a support sheet 2 which is stable at the service temperature of said element 1 and is electrically insulating; a layer of a synthetic resin stable up to a temperature of approximately 500 ° C., and - Two metal conductors 4 in contact with said resin layer 3, these conductors 4 being substantially parallel to each other and being intended to be connected to a source of electric current.
  • the heating element 1 comprises two support sheets 2 stable up to the operating temperature of the heating element and electrically insulating, the resin layer 3 being placed between these two sheets 2.
  • the outer faces of these support sheets 2 may be covered with a metal plate 5 having, for example, a thickness of 1 mm.
  • One of the outer faces of the support sheets can also be covered by a thermal insulation plate such as an asbestos cement plate.
  • the support sheets 2 are preferably made of mica or glass.
  • the thickness of these sheets 2 can, for example, be 0.2 to 1.5 mm or more.
  • the synthetic resin in which are dispersed electrically conductive particles 6, such as carbon black particles with a particle size of less than 0.25 microns, is a resin which must be stable up to about 500 ° C. and which adheres well to the backing sheet or backing sheets 2.
  • This resin is preferably a crosslinked silicone resin.
  • the resin layer 3 can contain from 1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 7 to 13% by weight of carbon black particles relative to the dry resin.
  • the metallic conductors 4 are in the form of conductive wires or ribbons, for example, of copper or brass.
  • the resin which can be applied to the support sheet 2 in one or more layers advantageously has, per layer, a weight of between 0.01 and 0.1 and preferably between 0.02 and 0.05 grams. per cm2 of surface of the support sheet covered with resin.
  • the square resistance of a heating element 1 that is to say the resistance measured between two parallel metallic conductors forming the sides of a square, is preferably between 40 and 400 ohms, so that the temperature of heating element service can reach 450 ° C when a voltage of 220 volts is applied between the two conductors 4.
  • the thermally stable resin can be a thermosetting polyimide, a polystyrylpyridine, an epoxide imide, but is preferably a silicone or organopolysiloxane resin.
  • the resins of formula I below are preferred: wherein R represents an alkyl or aryl group.
  • the resin used is a phenylsilicone or polyphenylsilsesquioxane resin, the latter having remarkable adhesion to glass and mica.
  • this phenylsilicone or polyphenylsilsesquioxane resin has the advantage: - To be soluble in organic solvents at room temperature, so as to facilitate its application on the support sheet; - to be crosslinkable; - and to be stable up to a temperature of around 500 ° C.
  • the heating element 1 shown in FIG. 2 is similar to that of FIG. 1, except that the resin layer 2 is interposed between an electrically insulating sheet 7 made of glass of the "pyrex" type and a sheet 8 electrically insulating mica-based, for example a sheet of mica paper.
  • the method of manufacturing a heating element according to the invention consists: - dissolving a thermostable resin, such as a silicone resin, in a solvent such as benzene, toluene, xylene or their mixtures, or N-methylpyrrolidone; - dispersing in this solution conductive particles such as carbon black particles, preferably, of the superconductive type, these particles being advantageously aggregates of hollow particles of approximately 0.2 micron in diameter, for example the "Ketjenblack EC" from AKZO (Netherlands), the “Blackpearls 2000” from CABOT (USA) and the "Philblack XE-2" by PHILLIPS PETROLEUM (USA); - spreading the resin solution charged with particles, in one or more layers, on one side of an electrically insulating support sheet, such as for example a sheet of Cogemicanite 505.3 mica paper from COGEBI (Belgium); - Allow the resin film deposited on the support sheet to dry by evaporation of the solvent
  • the second support sheet may be coated with a layer of resin before it is applied to the resin layer in contact with the two metal conductors carried by the first support sheet, so that the two layers of resin are superimposed and bonded. to one another.
  • the concentration of the resin in solution is adapted so that it can be easily spread in the form of a uniform film, for example by spraying or using a brush or a roller.
  • This concentration can reach 50% by weight, but is advantageously between 10 and 25% by weight.
  • DOW CORNING (U.S.A.) silicone resin solution "805" was diluted at room temperature in a mixture of xylene and toluene solvents. The solution obtained contained 15% by weight of resin.
  • Ketjenblack EC 7% by weight, relative to the dry resin, of Ketjenblack EC were dispersed in this solution and this solution was spread on a support sheet of COGEBI Cogemicanite 505.3 mica paper, so as to obtain, after drying, a weight of resin 0.05 g per cm2 of surface of the support sheet. After having placed two copper wires parallel to each other, the assembly was covered with another sheet of mica paper and the assembly was subjected to a heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 1 hour.
  • the heating element obtained had a square resistance of 400 ohms.
  • a heating test using this element sandwiched between two 1 mm thick steel plates has shown that it is possible to reach a temperature of 60 ° C when a potential difference of 220 volts is applied between the two conductive wires.
  • Example 2 The procedure was as in Example 1, starting from a Baysilone P850 silicone resin from Bayer (RFA) in solution at 15% in a mixture of organic solvents.
  • the solution contained in suspension 10% of Ketjenblack EC relative to the dry resin. It was spread on mica paper, so as to obtain, after drying, a weight of 0.04 g of resin per cm2.
  • the element had a square resistance of 80 ohms. This element placed between two 1 mm thick metal plates made it possible to obtain a surface temperature of 265 ° C when it was supplied with 220 volts.
  • Example 2 The procedure was as in Example 1, starting from a Baysilone P850 silicone resin from BAYER (RFA) in 20% solution. Ketjenblack EC was added at 10% by weight based on the dry resin. The resin was spread in equal thicknesses on two supports of mica paper. After the resin has dried, the supports are superimposed so that the conductive layers touch each other. The square resistance of this element was 45 ohms. Between two 1 mm thick steel plates, a temperature of 400 ° C was reached on the surface when the element was supplied with 220 volts.
  • Example 2 The procedure was as in Example 1, except that glass support sheets with a thickness of 1.5 mm were used.
  • the heating element had properties similar to those of the heating element of Example 1.
  • Example 2 The procedure was as in Example 1, except that a support sheet of mica paper and a support sheet of glass were used.
  • the present invention is not limited to the examples described above. Thus, it is possible to use, in place of support sheets of mica paper or of thin glass, support sheets of any other electrically insulating material and stable at the operating temperature of the heating element, for example. example of the support sheets in crosslinked silicone resin.
  • the resin loaded with conductive particles may require several heat treatments for its crosslinking.
  • the polystyrylpyridine which has a very high thermal resistance must undergo, after baking at 200 ° C for 1 hour and baking at 200 ° C under pressure (5 to 10 bars) for 2 hours, postcuring at 200 ° C, even 300 ° C, for a few hours.
  • the element according to the present invention can be used in household appliances such as electric toasters, hobs, radiators, etc., as well as in many industrial applications.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
EP87870077A 1986-06-06 1987-06-05 Heizelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Withdrawn EP0248781A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE216753 1986-06-06
BE0/216753A BE904884A (fr) 1986-06-06 1986-06-06 Fabrication d'éléments chauffants à base de résines conductrices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0248781A1 true EP0248781A1 (de) 1987-12-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87870077A Withdrawn EP0248781A1 (de) 1986-06-06 1987-06-05 Heizelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Country Status (2)

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US (1) US4808470A (de)
EP (1) EP0248781A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2724805A1 (fr) * 1994-09-20 1996-03-22 Technologies Et Ind Partenaire Procede de fabrication d'un element chauffant en polymere et produit obtenu
EP0790754A2 (de) 1996-02-13 1997-08-20 Dow Corning S.A. Heizelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3877314T2 (de) * 1987-10-21 1993-06-24 Ask Heating Kk Exothermisches leitfaehiges ueberzugsmittel.
ES2050574B1 (es) * 1991-10-14 1996-10-16 Sahuquillo Antonio Garcia Procedimiento para la obtencion de un revestimiento calefactor y revestimiento obtenido.
US5484648A (en) * 1993-08-11 1996-01-16 Shin-Etsu Polymer Co., Ltd. Heat-sealable connector and method for the preparation thereof
ES2112149B1 (es) * 1995-03-13 1998-11-16 Megatom S L Placa calorifica para aparatos de produccion de calor.
US20060027555A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2006-02-09 Integral Technologies, Inc. Low cost heating elements for cooking applications manufactured from conductive loaded resin-based materials

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1174422A (fr) * 1957-05-02 1959-03-11 Perfectionnements aux éléments de chauffage électrique isolés
GB996390A (en) * 1960-08-19 1965-06-30 Acheson Ind Inc Heat resistant electrically conducting compositions, method of coating articles therewith and articles produced thereby
DE1565333A1 (de) * 1964-09-11 1970-02-05 Bedco Electronics Ltd Heizelement
FR2146352A1 (de) * 1971-07-20 1973-03-02 Kohkoku Chemical Ind Co
GB1319730A (en) * 1971-12-30 1973-06-06 Klima Technik Anstalt Electric heating elements
DE2505564A1 (de) * 1975-02-10 1976-08-19 Geb Moritzen Gerda Bend Steger Biegsamer und breitflaechiger elektrischer schichtwiderstands-heizkoerper, insbesondere elektrischer fussbodenheizkoerper
FR2423037A2 (fr) * 1978-04-14 1979-11-09 Raychem Corp Compositions a coefficient de temperature positif et dispositifs en comprenant
EP0175550A1 (de) * 1984-09-14 1986-03-26 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) Blattheizelement mit getrenntem Isolierstoff

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4250398A (en) * 1978-03-03 1981-02-10 Delphic Research Laboratories, Inc. Solid state electrically conductive laminate
US4303735A (en) * 1979-04-04 1981-12-01 Dow Corning Corporation Base member coated with an electrically conductive silicone elastomer
JPS5775895A (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-12 Honshu Paper Co Ltd Discharge recording material
US4320170A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-03-16 International Business Machines Corporation Polyurethane ribbon for non-impact printing
US4520067A (en) * 1982-06-23 1985-05-28 Union Carbide Corporation Composition useful for making circuit board substrates and electrical connectors
US4548862A (en) * 1984-09-04 1985-10-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Flexible tape having bridges of electrically conductive particles extending across its pressure-sensitive adhesive layer
US4678701A (en) * 1985-10-31 1987-07-07 International Business Machines Corporation Resistive printing ribbon having improved properties

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1174422A (fr) * 1957-05-02 1959-03-11 Perfectionnements aux éléments de chauffage électrique isolés
GB996390A (en) * 1960-08-19 1965-06-30 Acheson Ind Inc Heat resistant electrically conducting compositions, method of coating articles therewith and articles produced thereby
DE1565333A1 (de) * 1964-09-11 1970-02-05 Bedco Electronics Ltd Heizelement
FR2146352A1 (de) * 1971-07-20 1973-03-02 Kohkoku Chemical Ind Co
GB1319730A (en) * 1971-12-30 1973-06-06 Klima Technik Anstalt Electric heating elements
DE2505564A1 (de) * 1975-02-10 1976-08-19 Geb Moritzen Gerda Bend Steger Biegsamer und breitflaechiger elektrischer schichtwiderstands-heizkoerper, insbesondere elektrischer fussbodenheizkoerper
FR2423037A2 (fr) * 1978-04-14 1979-11-09 Raychem Corp Compositions a coefficient de temperature positif et dispositifs en comprenant
EP0175550A1 (de) * 1984-09-14 1986-03-26 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) Blattheizelement mit getrenntem Isolierstoff

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2724805A1 (fr) * 1994-09-20 1996-03-22 Technologies Et Ind Partenaire Procede de fabrication d'un element chauffant en polymere et produit obtenu
EP0790754A2 (de) 1996-02-13 1997-08-20 Dow Corning S.A. Heizelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4808470A (en) 1989-02-28

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Inventor name: VALLIER, THIERRY

Inventor name: DELTOUR, ROBERT

Inventor name: GEUSKENS, GEORGES