EP0175550A1 - Blattheizelement mit getrenntem Isolierstoff - Google Patents

Blattheizelement mit getrenntem Isolierstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0175550A1
EP0175550A1 EP85306476A EP85306476A EP0175550A1 EP 0175550 A1 EP0175550 A1 EP 0175550A1 EP 85306476 A EP85306476 A EP 85306476A EP 85306476 A EP85306476 A EP 85306476A EP 0175550 A1 EP0175550 A1 EP 0175550A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
resistive element
face
secured
heater according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85306476A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Neville S. Batliwalla
Ravinder K. Oswal
Michael Charles Jones
Jeff Shafe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raychem Corp
Original Assignee
Raychem Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raychem Corp filed Critical Raychem Corp
Publication of EP0175550A1 publication Critical patent/EP0175550A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/006—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using interdigitated electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • This invention relates to sheet heaters.
  • Sheet heaters of many kinds are known. They often comprise a laminar heating element which comprises a laminar resistive element and two or more electrodes which can be connected to a suitable power source, and an insulating jacket which is firmly secured to the heating element.
  • the resistive element may be composed of a conductive polymer, i.e. a mixture of a conductive filler and an organic polymer (this term being used to include polysiloxanes), the filler being dispersed in, or otherwise held together by, the organic polymer, and may exhibit PTC behavior, thus rendering the heater self-regulating.
  • the electrodes are positioned on one face of the resistive element, e.g. by printing a conductive ink onto the heating element.
  • the present invention provides improved sheet heaters which mitigate or overcome these difficulties by using an insulating layer which is adjacent to the electrodes and the surface of the resistive element bearing the electrodes, but which is not secured to the electrodes and preferably is not secured to the electrodes or to the resistive element.
  • An added benefit of such heaters is that the separation between the resistive element and the insulation provides a thermal barrier such that heat can be directed towards the substrate to be heated, which is preferably placed on the opposite side from the electrodes. Insulation of the heating element is normally completed by a second insulating layer which is adjacent the surface of the resistive element which does not bear the electrodes.
  • the invention provides an electrical sheet heater which comprises
  • the invention provides a method of heating a substrate by placing a heater of the invention adjacent the substrate and passing current through the heater.
  • Insulation of the heater is preferably completed by means of a second laminar insulating element which is secured to the second face of the resistive element (preferably by means of a substantially continuous layer of adhesive) and to the edge portions of the first insulating element, e.g. by means of an adhesive or a melt bond.
  • the insulating elements are preferably flexible polymeric sheets having a melting point substantially above the operating temperature of the heater.
  • the second element is preferably placed adjacent the substrate to be heated, since the adhesive layer assists heat transfer, whereas the separation of the first element from the heating element results in a relative thermal barrier.
  • the first insulating layer preferably covers the electrodes and the first face of the resistive element, but is not secured directly thereto.
  • the heaters of the invention are preferably flexible, by which is meant that at 23°C, and preferably at -20°C, they can be wrapped around a 18 cm (4 inch) diameter mandrel, preferably around a 2.5 cm (1 inch) diameter mandrel, without damage.
  • the laminar resistive element of the present invention can be a layer of any resistive material, either PTC or ZTC, but is preferably composed of a conductive polymer.
  • the conductive polymer is preferably melt-shaped, particularly melt-extruded, in which case the resistive element will usually be at least 0.0051 cm (0.002 inch) thick, preferably 0.025 to 0.635 cm (0.01 to 0.25 inch) thick, particularly 0.025 to 0.25 cm (0.01 to 0.1 inch) thick.
  • the conductive polymer can also be shaped as a composition containing a solvent or liquid dispersing medium which is subsequently evaporated.
  • the invention is particularly useful when the electrodes are placed on the resistive element by a process which results in a bond which is vulnerable to damage by flexing or thermal cycling.
  • the electrodes can for example be formed by printing, particularly silk screen printing, a conductive ink onto the resistive element, or by the use of polymer thick film technology, or by sputtering, or by a process comprising an etching step.
  • the electrodes are preferably arranged in a way similar to that disclosed in European Patent Application No. 85300415.8 corresponding to U.S. Serial No. 573,099 (MP0897 Batliwalla et al), i.e. a plurality of ribbon-shaped electrodes which are dimensioned and positioned on a surface of the resistive heating element so that
  • the electrodes are so positioned and dimensioned that, at all points, the distance between adjacent electrodes between which current passes, measured parallel to the faces of the resistive element, is not more than three times the average distance between adjacent electrodes between which current passes, measured parallel to the faces of the resistive element. It is particularly preferred that the ratio of the average width of the electrodes to the average distance between the electrodes between which current passes is from 0.4:1 to 5:1, especially an arrangement in which the electrodes comprise a plurality of parallel bars which are preferably spaced apart from each other by substantially the same distance.
  • the electrodes are preferably arranged so that the current flows along the direction of extrusion.
  • the heater When the heater requires a ground plane, e.g. if it is to be used in hazardous location, it preferably includes a laminar metallic element which functions as a ground plane, and which is preferably positioned adjacent the face of the first laminar insulating element remote from the resistive element, and/or adjacent the face of the second insulating element remote from the resistive element.
  • the ground plane can be of a known kind, but is preferably arranged so as to permit relative movement between the ground plane and the adjacent insulating jacket.
  • the bus bars are preferably in the form of laminar members as disclosed in the the Application filed contemporaneously herewith (our Ref. MP0961), corresponding to U.S. Serial Nos. 650,920, 663,014 and 735,408, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the bus bars can be, but preferably are not, secured to the first insulating element, and when the bus bars are folded around the edge of the heating element, as disclosed in said application, can be, but preferably are not, secured to the second insulating element.
  • the electrodes are preferably formed by printing a conductive PTF ink onto the resistive element in the desired electrode pattern.
  • a resistive PTF ink (having a resistivity intermediate that of the electrodes and the substrate) is positioned between the electrodes and the resistive element to improve the physical and electrical contact therebetween.
  • heater according to the invention comprises a flexible, self-regulating, electrical sheet heater which comprises
  • the resistive element has a thickness of 0.025 to 0.0254 cm (0.01 to 0.1 inch).
  • the resistive element comprises a conductive polymer composition that has been melt extruded, and the electrodes are so positioned on the element that current passing between the electrodes follows a path which is substantially parallel to the direction of extrusion.
  • the ratio of the average width of the electrodes to the average distance between adjacent electrodes between which current passes is at least 0.1:1, preferably from 0.4:1 to 5:1.
  • the electrodes comprises a plurality of spaced bars.
  • the bars are preferably spaced apart from each other by substantially the same distance.
  • FIG. 1 the Figures illustrate a heater which comprises a heating element comprising a laminar conductive polymer resistive element 11 having printed on the top surface thereof interdigitated electrodes 12 and 13.
  • Bus bars 15 and 16 composed of metal mesh, are folded around marginal portions of the element 11 and the electrodes 12 and 13 respectively.
  • An insulating jacket is formed around the heating element, and bus bars by a polymeric bottom sheet 17 and a polymeric top sheet 18.
  • Sheet 17 is secured to the bottom of the heating element, to the bottom of the bus bars and to edge portions of the top sheet by a substantially continuous layer of adhesive 21.
  • the top sheet is adjacent to, but not secured to, the bus bars, electrodes and resistive element.
  • the electrodes have a width t and a length 1, and are separated by a distance d, and the bus bar have a width x. Typical values for these variables are
  • the invention is further illustrated by the following Example.
  • a heater as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 was made in the following way.
  • Bus bars of nickel-coated copper expanded metal are folded around the edges of the electrode-bearing strip, and the assembly laminated between (A) a bottom sheet of polyvinylidene fluoride ("Kynar”) 21.6 cm (8.5 inch) wide and 0.0127 cm (0.005 inch) thick, coated on the whole of its top surface with a layer 0.005 cm (0.002 inch) thick of a silicone adhesive sold by Flexcon Corporation under the trade name "Densil”, and (B) a top sheet of polyvinylidene fluoride (“Kynar”) 21.6 cm (8.5 inch) wide and 0.025 cm (0.010 inch) thick, placed in contact with the printed electrodes, which was coated on 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) wide edge portions of its bottom surface with a layer 0.005 cm (0.002 inch) thick of the same adhesive.
  • Kynar polyvinylidene fluoride
  • Lamination was carried out at 52°C (125°F) and 690 KPa (100 psi). There was no adhesive between the top sheet and the bus bars, or between the top sheet and the conductive polymer sheet, or between the top sheet and the electrodes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP85306476A 1984-09-14 1985-09-12 Blattheizelement mit getrenntem Isolierstoff Withdrawn EP0175550A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65091884A 1984-09-14 1984-09-14
US650918 1984-09-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0175550A1 true EP0175550A1 (de) 1986-03-26

Family

ID=24610829

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85306476A Withdrawn EP0175550A1 (de) 1984-09-14 1985-09-12 Blattheizelement mit getrenntem Isolierstoff

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0175550A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6174285A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0209224A2 (de) * 1985-05-17 1987-01-21 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) Folienheizelemente
EP0248781A1 (de) * 1986-06-06 1987-12-09 Compagnie Internationale De Participation Et D'investissement Cipari S.A. Heizelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
WO1990003713A1 (en) * 1988-09-30 1990-04-05 Raychem Corporation Flexible heater comprising a conductive polymer
WO2014093787A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Tech Design Llc Self-regulating semi-conductive flexible heating element
WO2016073144A1 (en) * 2014-11-03 2016-05-12 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Transmissive front-face heater for vehicle sensor system
WO2017123620A1 (en) 2016-01-12 2017-07-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Heating tape and system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011112375A (ja) * 2009-11-24 2011-06-09 Hitachi High-Technologies Corp 恒温装置、キャピラリ電気泳動装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3287684A (en) * 1964-02-27 1966-11-22 Motson Services Inc Electrical heating device
FR2041047A1 (en) * 1969-02-11 1971-01-29 Renfrew Electronics Ltd Flexible heating panels for clothing or - upholstery
FR2069719A5 (de) * 1969-11-10 1971-09-03 Kansai Hoon Kogyo Kk
FR2171355A1 (de) * 1972-02-09 1973-09-21 Kansai Hoon Kogyo Kk
US3781526A (en) * 1971-10-26 1973-12-25 Dana Int Ltd Heating apparatus
DE2231086A1 (de) * 1972-06-24 1974-01-03 Dynamit Nobel Ag Flaechenheizelemente

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3287684A (en) * 1964-02-27 1966-11-22 Motson Services Inc Electrical heating device
FR2041047A1 (en) * 1969-02-11 1971-01-29 Renfrew Electronics Ltd Flexible heating panels for clothing or - upholstery
FR2069719A5 (de) * 1969-11-10 1971-09-03 Kansai Hoon Kogyo Kk
US3781526A (en) * 1971-10-26 1973-12-25 Dana Int Ltd Heating apparatus
FR2171355A1 (de) * 1972-02-09 1973-09-21 Kansai Hoon Kogyo Kk
DE2231086A1 (de) * 1972-06-24 1974-01-03 Dynamit Nobel Ag Flaechenheizelemente

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0209224A2 (de) * 1985-05-17 1987-01-21 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) Folienheizelemente
EP0209224A3 (en) * 1985-05-17 1988-03-30 Raychem Corporation Sheet heaters
EP0248781A1 (de) * 1986-06-06 1987-12-09 Compagnie Internationale De Participation Et D'investissement Cipari S.A. Heizelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
WO1990003713A1 (en) * 1988-09-30 1990-04-05 Raychem Corporation Flexible heater comprising a conductive polymer
WO2014093787A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Tech Design Llc Self-regulating semi-conductive flexible heating element
US9603196B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2017-03-21 Tech Design Llc Self-regulating semi-conductive flexible heating element
WO2016073144A1 (en) * 2014-11-03 2016-05-12 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Transmissive front-face heater for vehicle sensor system
US11034332B2 (en) 2014-11-03 2021-06-15 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Transmissive front-face heater for vehicle sensor system
WO2017123620A1 (en) 2016-01-12 2017-07-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Heating tape and system
EP3403469A4 (de) * 2016-01-12 2019-08-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Heizband und -system
US10834786B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2020-11-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Heating tape and system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6174285A (ja) 1986-04-16

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Inventor name: JONES, MICHAEL CHARLES

Inventor name: SHAFE, JEFF

Inventor name: BATLIWALLA, NEVILLE S.

Inventor name: OSWAL, RAVINDER K.