EP0247100B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von formkörpern - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von formkörpern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0247100B1
EP0247100B1 EP86906765A EP86906765A EP0247100B1 EP 0247100 B1 EP0247100 B1 EP 0247100B1 EP 86906765 A EP86906765 A EP 86906765A EP 86906765 A EP86906765 A EP 86906765A EP 0247100 B1 EP0247100 B1 EP 0247100B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kiln
channel
channels
tunnel
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86906765A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0247100A1 (de
Inventor
Gernot ALBERSDÖRFER
Reiner Swoboda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Riedhammer GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Riedhammer GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Riedhammer GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Riedhammer GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT86906765T priority Critical patent/ATE45805T1/de
Publication of EP0247100A1 publication Critical patent/EP0247100A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0247100B1 publication Critical patent/EP0247100B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C10B7/14—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with trucks, containers, or trays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/3005—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
    • F27B9/3011—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases arrangements for circulating gases transversally

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the heat treatment of moldings with two mutually parallel furnace channels, through which the material to be burned is guided in opposite directions, each with at least one heating zone, combustion zone and cooling zone, and a corresponding method for heat treatment.
  • a device of the type mentioned is known from DE-OS-3 042 708.
  • the heat removed from one zone of one kiln channel can be used in a zone of the other kiln channel, for which purpose ventilation means are provided which carry out gas transport in countercurrent to the product streams.
  • the known ovens are intended for firing porcelain (DE-OS-3 042 708) or blast furnace coke (DE-PS-3 023 228).
  • the known systems are unsuitable for the heat treatment of materials containing a large amount of pyrolyzable substances, in particular moldings, since the pyrolyzable substances released during the heat treatment are only conducted in a cycle and thus increase the pollutant load in the furnace atmosphere.
  • Substances are known which in some cases release considerable amounts of such pyrolyzable substances during the fire.
  • carbon electrodes that are impregnated with tar or pitch and / or mixed with crushed coke, graphite or soot under vacuum release significant amounts of pyrolyzable substances (e.g. tar and / or pitch vapors) during the fire, which represent a considerable burden on the furnace atmosphere .
  • the pyrolysis products are often not in thermal equilibrium, so that, for example, secondary fission products, such as retort coke and especially soot, are formed on the hot furnace walls, which increasingly lead to a cross-sectional taper.
  • a correspondingly set up furnace or the corresponding method have significantly reduced the risk of explosion, but the method as such is not easy to master, so that new possibilities are sought to optimize the pyroprocess. It is also important to be able to carry out a complete fire with the least possible energy and with a high safety standard, and to enable continuous heat treatment in a continuous furnace.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that an optimization of the pyroprocess can be achieved in that the flue gases loaded with the pyrolyzable substances are withdrawn from the furnace channel of a continuous furnace, burned in a separate room with energy generation without ongoing burner support, and the burnt flue gases cleaned in this way then be returned to the furnace channel at another location.
  • the invention is further based on the knowledge that it prevents adherence or build-up, for example on the furnace walls, and that utilization of the heat generated during the combustion of the flue gases can be optimized by the fact that the flammable gases emerging from the fuel and from the flue gas are recorded, fed to the shortest possible route to combustion and then returned to the furnace duct as useful heat in the same short way. It has been shown that the entire furnace without a burner can only be heated by "self-combustion" of the flue gases with an appropriate supply of oxygen.
  • the flue gases have a significant proportion of combustible constituents (binding agents) in a combustible material such as carbon electrodes, which can not only be made harmless by burning, but is sufficient to provide the energy necessary for the heat treatment of the material itself.
  • the invention proposes a tunnel kiln with the features of claim 1 and a method for the heat treatment of moldings containing pyrolyzable substances with the features of claim 21.
  • Preferred embodiments are disclosed in dependent claims 2 to 20 and 22.
  • a tunnel kiln is known from DE-OS-2 001 148, in which kiln gases are drawn off and also burned in a combustion chamber located outside the kiln channel.
  • the "external" combustion takes place there, however, by means of a fuel-fed burner and only serves to avoid direct contact of the burner flame with the sensitive material (pottery).
  • combustion of the pyrolyzable substances is simple Tem ways outside the furnace channel can be achieved, on the other hand, the heat gained as useful heat can be supplied in an equally short way to the furnace channel, from which the gases have been removed, and / or the adjacent furnace channel.
  • the control of the pyroprocess in the individual furnace channels is made significantly easier by excluding any risk of explosion, in addition to the considerable energy savings.
  • An auxiliary burner is only required to ignite when starting the furnace. Then the flue gas, to which oxygen is added, burns itself. The external energy requirement is practically zero.
  • Appropriate regulation / control of the supply devices (oxygen, flue gas) enables optimal combustion and supply of the useful heat to be carried out in individual furnace sections.
  • the guidance of the flue gases is facilitated in that at least one blower and / or at least one suction device are provided in the area of the extraction device and / or feed device. Under certain circumstances, however, the injector effect of the combustion chamber, for example, is also sufficient to achieve a gas flow.
  • the space for the combustion of the flue gases is designed as an enlarged duct.
  • the extraction device and / or feed device can open into the channel from the ceiling area of an oven duct, as proposed by a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the object on which the invention is based is solved particularly advantageously in all its parts when the feed device (s) opens into the furnace channel at a short distance from the extraction device in order to keep the distances as short as possible.
  • the invention proposes in an advantageous embodiment to lead the fresh air supply line at least partially inside the walls or the ceiling of the oven according to the invention, which are inevitably very hot, in particular in the area of the combustion zone, and preheating the fresh air supplied from the outside enable.
  • fans can be provided to support the air flow.
  • the extraction and feed devices are preferably arranged within the respective firing zones of the two furnace channels, and preferably here at least at the beginning, since particularly large quantities of the combustible substances mentioned are released and can be used in this area.
  • combustion chamber is arranged parallel to and between the two furnace channels, which further shortens the transport distances.
  • a further generation of energy can be achieved by providing an additional fresh air supply line which runs along at least a partial section of the walls / ceiling of one or both furnace ducts and opens into the area of the preheating zone of a furnace duct.
  • the storage heat present in the furnace masonry is also used here to enable air to preheat the material without its own heating units / burners.
  • the fresh air supply device can be guided, for example, around the cooling zone of one furnace duct and open into the preheating zone of the other furnace duct adjacent to the cooling zone.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention proposes that an extraction device opens from the preheating zone of one and / or 'other furnace duct into a space separate from the furnace ducts, preferably a duct, in which at least one heating device, preferably a burner, is arranged.
  • the flue gases introduced here which contain only a small proportion of combustible substances, can be subjected to a combustion before they are discharged from the room / duct into a chimney via an exhaust device.
  • This additional combustion chamber also serves for the post-combustion of the flue gases which circulate in the combustion zone of the two furnace channels through the device described above. It is clear that the extraction, combustion and recirculation of the flue gases described above cannot always be recirculated in the combustion zone, rather a relief device must be provided in order to be able to discharge a partial gas stream from the furnace channel or channels.
  • Adherent embodiment of the invention is provided so that a relief line from the zone of the furnace, in which the inventive device described above is arranged, opens into this additional (afterburning) chamber in the area of the preheating zone, so that the gases burn there again and then can be discharged to the outside via the chimney.
  • the arrangement according to the invention of a fume cupboard / combustion chamber / recirculation device can also be provided in a conventional continuous kiln with one kiln channel, in which case several such devices may then be arranged one behind the other
  • the longitudinal direction of the furnace must be arranged in order to achieve an optimization, while according to the invention the burned flue gases can be supplied to the furnace channels lying next to one another over short distances.
  • the tunnel furnace according to the invention shown in Figure 1 shows two mutually parallel furnace channels 10, 12; which are separated by a wall 14 running between them. As particularly shown in Figures 2 to 4, the furnace channels 10, 12 are otherwise closed by side walls 16, 18 or a common ceiling 20 and the floor 22.
  • FIG. 1 shows pairs of rails 24 on the outside, on which, for example, tunnel kiln cars 26 are guided for transport through the kiln channels 10, 12. While the direction of transport of the wagons 26 and thus of the material 28 to be burned takes place from left to right in the direction of arrow A in the top furnace duct 10 as viewed in FIG. 1, the direction of transport of the wagons 26 through the furnace duct 12 is exactly the opposite (arrow B) 1, the furnace duct 10 is divided from left to right into a preheating zone 30, an adjoining combustion zone 32 and two adjoining cooling zone sections 34, 35, while the furnace duct 12 shows a corresponding structure in the opposite direction (preheating zone 36 , Combustion zone 38, cooling zone sections 40, 41)
  • a fresh air supply line 42 runs from the outside through the side wall 18 over the ceiling area 20 and the wall 14 around the furnace channel 12, which after a short section is slightly above the floor 22 in the area of the wall 14 runs upwards again, to open there after a kink 44 in the ceiling area 20 of the furnace duct 10.
  • a fan 46 is provided at the entrance to the wall 18, which ensures that the fresh air is transported through the line 42 into the furnace duct 10, the air heating up along the path inside the walls / ceiling.
  • This arrangement is arranged approximately in the middle (seen in the transport direction) of the preheating zone 30 or the cooling zone 41.
  • the two zones 30, 41 are otherwise separated from the subsequent combustion zone 32 or upstream cooling zone 40 by locks 48 known from the prior art.
  • the locks 48 (shown only schematically by arrows in FIG. 1) can, for example, be slides which can be moved into the furnace duct 10, 12 and which allow the cross section of the furnace duct 10, 12 to be tapered in accordance with the size of the furnace carriage 26 carried out in each case.
  • Such locks 48 are also arranged on the input and output sides and between the combustion zone 32 and the cooling zone 34 and the two cooling zones 34, 35. The same also applies to the locks 48 in the region of the furnace duct 12.
  • the sectional view A - B (FIG. 2) shows the design of the tunnel oven according to the invention directly behind the lock 48 between the preheating zone 30 and the combustion zone 32 of the furnace duct 10 or directly in front of the lock 48 between the cooling zone 40 and the cooling zone 41 of the furnace duct 12.
  • a suction line 50 extends from the ceiling area 20 of the combustion zone 32 of the furnace duct 10, in the course of which a fan 52 (suction device) is arranged.
  • the suction line 50 opens into a combustion chamber 54 via a duct piece 50 running parallel to and in the furnace wall 14, which, as can also be seen in FIG. 1, is designed as an enlarged duct in the region of the wall 14 between the furnace ducts 10, 12 in the ceiling region 20 .
  • the combustion chamber 54 extends from the mouth area of the suction line 50 to the locks 48 '.
  • a fresh air supply line 56 opens out, which, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 1, from there in the direction of the wall 18 and then after an angle of 90 ° parallel to the furnace channels 10, 12 runs and approximately in Area of line C - D leads upwards from ceiling 20 into the open.
  • a supply line 55 extends from the end of the combustion chamber 54 (at 48 ′) and transports previously burned flue gases in the direction of the opposite end of the furnace. This transport can in turn be supported by fans.
  • Branches 62, 63, 64, 65 run at a distance from one another in the area of the ceiling 20 from the supply line 55, which branches open into the furnace duct 10 (branches 63, 65) or the furnace duct 12 (branches 62, 64).
  • flue gas which contains combustible components and is extracted from the furnace duct 10 via the suction line 50, is conveyed into the combustion chamber 54, where, without a burner, the flue gases containing the combustible components self-combust, while the hot gases thus burned then subsequently pass through the line 55 and the branches 62, 63, 64, 65 are returned to the firing zones 32, 38 cleaned at the same time.
  • the suction device at the beginning of the firing zone (viewed in the direction of transport) of a furnace duct, since in this area in particular large amounts of pyrolyzable substances are released when carbon moldings are burned (for example electrodes impregnated with pitch), and here the proportion of combustible materials is particularly high, namely - as it turned out in the development of the invention - is so high that combustion is possible without any burner support.
  • the flue gas initially ignited via a start (auxiliary) burner (not shown), while only a sufficient amount of oxygen has to be provided via line 56 for further combustion.
  • the oxygen supply can preferably be regulated as a function of the atmosphere and the desired temperature, for example via throttle valves (not shown).
  • a relief line 66 is provided in this embodiment, which at the end of the combustion zone 38 of the furnace duct 12 ensures that the flue gases are discharged from the furnace duct and, after a distance, essentially parallel to the combustion chamber 54, opens into an afterburning chamber 68, which is largely aligned in front of the combustion chamber 54 (viewed in the transport direction of the furnace duct 10).
  • the afterburning chamber 68 runs as a duct until just before the end face of the wall 14 in the region of the entrance of the furnace duct 10 or the outlet of the furnace duct 12.
  • a line 70 opens at the end diagonally opposite the inlet of the relief line 66, the other end of which line ends in the surface of the ceiling 20 of the furnace channel 10 opens.
  • a fan arranged along the line 70 ensures that the exhaust air drawn off from the preheating zone 30 is led into the afterburning chamber 68, where a heating device, preferably a burner (not shown), is arranged, which ensures afterburning of the exhaust gases.
  • the flue gas cleaned in this way can be discharged to the outside via a chimney 74 emerging from the afterburning chamber 68 (FIG. 4)
  • Circulation fans 76 are also arranged along the furnace channels 10, 12 at a distance from one another in the ceiling area, which ensure that the flue gases in the furnace channels 10, 12 are evened out.
  • Figure 3 shows the corresponding arrangement.
  • This figure also shows once again the feed line 55, along which the cleaned flue gases are guided after their combustion, and the branch 65, via which the cleaned flue gas reaches a section of the combustion zone 32 of the furnace duct 10.
  • FIG. 1 shows that the arrangement described above is reversed in a mirror-inverted manner in the right half of the tunnel furnace according to the invention in FIG. 1, that is to say that the afterburning chamber 78 runs in front of the combustion chamber 80 or the feed line 81, which ends at a distance from the feed line 55. Due to the arrangement according to the invention, it is not necessary to guide the burned flue gases along the entire combustion zone in order to then guide them through the corresponding branches into the combustion chamber; rather, the embodiment shown depicts a split in order to shorten the transport routes of the flue gas and thus to make the facility more effective overall.
  • the pyro process can be guided independently of burners fired with oil, gas or coal. Apart from the minimum energies during the initial ignition, the furnace is only heated with the energy obtained from the flue gases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Tables And Desks Characterized By Structural Shape (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
EP86906765A 1985-11-29 1986-11-13 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von formkörpern Expired EP0247100B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86906765T ATE45805T1 (de) 1985-11-29 1986-11-13 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur waermebehandlung von formkoerpern.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3542352 1985-11-29
DE3542352 1985-11-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0247100A1 EP0247100A1 (de) 1987-12-02
EP0247100B1 true EP0247100B1 (de) 1989-08-23

Family

ID=6287255

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86906765A Expired EP0247100B1 (de) 1985-11-29 1986-11-13 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von formkörpern

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4846678A (cs)
EP (1) EP0247100B1 (cs)
JP (1) JPS63502209A (cs)
DE (1) DE3665220D1 (cs)
WO (1) WO1987003358A1 (cs)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4329789A1 (de) * 1993-09-03 1995-03-09 Rudolf Riedel Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Schwelgasen
DE102008010758A1 (de) * 2008-02-23 2009-09-10 SWU Gesellschaft für Umwelttechnik mbH Verfahren zur Pyrolyse von organischen Abfallstoffen und Biomaterialien
DE102011112838A1 (de) * 2011-09-12 2013-03-14 Keller Hcw Gmbh Verfahren zum Brennen von keramischen Formlingen und Ofen
WO2024173994A1 (en) * 2023-02-24 2024-08-29 Iluka Resources Limited Processing apparatus

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1653174A (en) * 1927-12-20 Tunnel kiln
FR492839A (fr) * 1916-12-01 1919-07-19 Cellulosa Ab Procédé et four pour la distillation sèche ou pour la dessiccation de substances organiques
GB140740A (en) * 1919-03-27 1920-10-28 Carl Henry Zwermann Improvements in kilns
US1652570A (en) * 1923-10-06 1927-12-13 Jr William Lee Hanley Tunnel kiln
US1838672A (en) * 1929-06-07 1931-12-29 Jr William Lee Hanley Tunnel kiln
US3172647A (en) * 1963-03-26 1965-03-09 Bickley Furnaces Inc Continuous kiln
ES375321A1 (es) * 1969-01-10 1972-05-01 S C E I Societa Construzioni E Perfeccionamientos en sistemas para el calentamiento de hornos continuos.
US3887437A (en) * 1972-09-20 1975-06-03 Pullman Inc Tunnel kiln firing of carbon products
FR2405448B1 (fr) * 1977-10-07 1985-06-28 Welko Ind Spa Installation pour le controle de la conduite des fours a rouleaux pour la cuisson de matieres ceramiques ou similaires
JPS587907A (ja) * 1981-07-08 1983-01-17 Hitachi Ltd 増幅装置
JPS5851191A (ja) * 1981-09-21 1983-03-25 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd 定着型二色感熱紙
JPS6127485A (ja) * 1984-07-17 1986-02-06 中外炉工業株式会社 連続式雰囲気熱処理炉
IT1178520B (it) * 1984-09-28 1987-09-09 Alusuisse Italia Spa Procedimento e forno a tunnel per la calcinazione di corpi carboniosi, in particolare di elettrodi

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4846678A (en) 1989-07-11
JPH0345312B2 (cs) 1991-07-10
EP0247100A1 (de) 1987-12-02
DE3665220D1 (en) 1989-09-28
JPS63502209A (ja) 1988-08-25
WO1987003358A1 (en) 1987-06-04

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