EP0232096A2 - Akustischer Wandler - Google Patents
Akustischer Wandler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0232096A2 EP0232096A2 EP87300610A EP87300610A EP0232096A2 EP 0232096 A2 EP0232096 A2 EP 0232096A2 EP 87300610 A EP87300610 A EP 87300610A EP 87300610 A EP87300610 A EP 87300610A EP 0232096 A2 EP0232096 A2 EP 0232096A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acoustic transducer
- fluid medium
- vent means
- transducer according
- drive unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001364 causal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
- H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
- H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
- H04R1/2846—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
- H04R1/2849—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
- H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to acoustic transducers.
- acoustic transducers such as, for example, loudspeakers, earphones, microphones, hydrophones or underwater sound generators.
- acoustic transducers and in particular to earphones which are acoustically coupled to the human ear, which exhibit an invariant phase response over a wide range of drive levels.
- Phase response is defined as the phase change between the transducer output at the diaphragm and the applied signal against frequency.
- Acoustic transducers also exhibit amplitude response which, in sound producing acoustic transducers, is the sound pressure level that the drive unit in the transducer can generate when a drive voltage is applied to it against frequency.
- acoustic transducers exhibit a causal relationship between the phase response and the shape of the amplitude response.
- the amplitude response is not always directly proportional to the electrical drive level; that is, the earphones do not exhibit an invariant amplitude response shape.
- the nonlinear amplitude response of earphones is particularly evident at low frequencies and high drive levels and usually gives rise to considerable distortion when these conditions prevail.
- an acoustic transducer for use in a bulk of a fluid medium, the transducer comprising a housing defining a cavity containing the fluid medium, a drive unit mounted in the housing, and vent means providing a leak path, for venting the fluid medium from the cavity, dimensioned for maintaining a substantially laminar flow of the fluid medium through the vent means throughout the working range of the drive unit such that the amplitude response shape and the phase response of the transducer are substantially invariant throughout the working range of the drive unit.
- the housing may define a further cavity containing the fluid medium and has a wall common to both cavities and the drive unit is mounted on the wall common to both cavities.
- the vent means may provide a leak path from either one or both of the cavities to the bulk of the fluid medium or may provide a leak path between the two cavities or any combination thereof.
- the vent means may be located on the wall of the housing common to both cavities.
- the vent means may comprise a plurality of holes.
- the vent means may comprise a single hole containing a fibrous material to provide a plurality of leak paths through the vent means.
- the fibrous material may comprise wool, sintered glass, metal, or plastics material.
- the vent means may comprise a plurality of holes etched in a plate of photosensitive material.
- the photosensitive material may comprise glass.
- the holes may be formed in a distributed manner around the housing defining the cavity or close together at a particular location of the cavity.
- the acoustic transducer may comprise a loudspeaker, earphone, microphone, hydrophone, or underwater sound generators.
- the earphone does not exhibit an invariant amplitude response shape as the amplitude response at low frequencies with an applied drive level of 4V differs from that obtained for applied drive levels of 2V, 1V and 2V.
- the low frequency phase response of an earphone is determined by the acoustic leak in the earphone cavities.
- a particular leak hole size is required to achieve a desired low frequency phase response but this desired phase response will only be invariant for drive levels up to a certain critical value, as shown in Figure 3.
- an acoustic transducer in the form of an earphone 2 comprises a housing which forms an earshell 4.
- the earshell 4 has a cushion 6 fixed peripherally at the open end thereof such that when the earphone 2 is worn by a user the earshell 4, in conjunction with a partition 8 defines a front cavity 10 and a rear cavity 12.
- a drive unit 14 is mounted on the partition 8 and may be connected to a drive level signal source.
- the earshell 4 is provided with vent means which, in the embodiment shown in Figure 4 comprises a plurality of holes 16, and in the embodiment of Figure 5 comprises a hole 18 containing a plug 20 of fibrous material.
- the vent means provides a leakage path for fluid medium contained within the front cavity 10 to a bulk of the fluid which surrounds the exterior of the earshell 4.
- a diaphragm (not shown) is caused to vibrate at a frequency corresponding to the electrical signal.
- the vibration of the diaphragm causes sound to be generated in the fluid medium contained in the front and rear cavities 10 and 12.
- the sound generated in the front cavity 10 will cause a pressure difference between the fluid medium in the front cavity 10, and the bulk of the fluid medium exterior to the earshell 4 which produces a flow of the fluid medium through the holes 16 or 18.
- the fluid flow through the leak hole is laminar at low drive levels but at higher drive levels the fluid flow becomes turbulent, resulting in a greater impedance to the flow of fluid through the leak hole and a variant phase response for the earphone, that is, the phase response changes with drive level when the fluid flow in the leak hole is turbulent.
- the earphone of the present invention as shown in Figures 4 and 5 has the vent means dimensioned to permit substantially laminar flow of the fluid medium from the front cavity 10 through the holes 16 and 18 throughout-the working range of the drive unit 14; that is, up to the maximum drive level of the drive unit 14.
- the earphone 2 can be designed to have a required low frequency amplitude response shape and an invariant phase response up to the highest sound pressure level that the earphone can generate.
- vent means in the form of a plurality of holes that are either longer in effective length than the single leak hole or have smaller radii, or both. This permits the flow of fluid medium to remain substantially laminar with a larger pressure difference across the holes.
- the vent means may be fabricated either by providing a plurality of holes 16 in the earshell, as shown in Figure 4, or by the use of a single hole 18 containing a plug 20 of material which allows a multiplicity of long thin fluid paths to be formed in the single hole 18 as shown in figure 5. Suitable materials for the plug 20 are, for example, wool, glass or wire wool, sintered glass, metal or plastics material. Alternatively the holes may be fabricated by etching holes in a photosensitive material, such as glass, which may form a panel in the earshell 4.
- Individual holes may be drilled in a distributed manner in the earshell 4 or in a particular localised area of the earshell and different types of material may be inserted into the holes to form the plugs 20.
- the dimension of the hole can be changed either to be longer in length, or have a smaller radius, or both, such that laminar flow of the fluid in the hole is maintained.
- the holes can be designed to have dimensions which provide the earphone with a phase response which is invariant up to the maximum drive level of the drive unit in the earphone as laminar flow of the fluid medium from the cavity 10 through the holes 16 or 18 can be maintained up to the maximum sound pressure level that the earphone is able to generate.
- the present invention may comprise any type of drive unit in any design of acoustic transducer which has only a front or rear cavity and where fluid leaks can be introduced.
- the vent means has been shown connecting the fluid medium within the front cavity to the bulk of the fluid medium surrounding the earshell, the holes forming the vent means may connect either the front or rear cavities, or both the front or rear cavities or to the bulk of the fluid medium, or any combination.
- acoustic transducers according to the present invention may comprise loudspeakers, earphones, microphones, hydrophones and underwater sound generators.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87300610T ATE70936T1 (de) | 1986-01-23 | 1987-01-23 | Akustischer wandler. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8601635 | 1986-01-23 | ||
GB8601635 | 1986-01-23 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0232096A2 true EP0232096A2 (de) | 1987-08-12 |
EP0232096A3 EP0232096A3 (en) | 1988-10-05 |
EP0232096B1 EP0232096B1 (de) | 1991-12-27 |
Family
ID=10591825
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87300610A Expired - Lifetime EP0232096B1 (de) | 1986-01-23 | 1987-01-23 | Akustischer Wandler |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0232096B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE70936T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3775425D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2028062T3 (de) |
GB (1) | GB8701520D0 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3003764T3 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998024214A1 (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 1998-06-04 | Kirk Acoustics A/S | Telephone handset, cordless telephone or mobile telephone |
WO2003010993A2 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-02-06 | Michael Jon Wurtz | Active-noise-reduction headsets with front-cavity venting |
EP1377116A3 (de) * | 2002-06-28 | 2005-12-14 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Empfangseinheit eines Endgerätes |
US7317802B2 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2008-01-08 | Lightspeed Aviation, Inc. | Active-noise-reduction headsets with front-cavity venting |
WO2014160539A1 (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-02 | Bose Corporation | Headset porting |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB819146A (en) * | 1956-11-26 | 1959-08-26 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Improvements in or relating to acoustic impedance devices |
US3602329A (en) * | 1970-01-07 | 1971-08-31 | Columbia Broadcasting Systems | Conformal ear enclosure |
CH558121A (de) * | 1973-07-19 | 1975-01-15 | Peiker Heinrich | Dynamischer kleinlautsprecher fuer sprachuebertragung. |
AT337795B (de) * | 1975-10-13 | 1977-07-25 | Akg Akustische Kino Geraete | Kopfhorer |
US4071717A (en) * | 1975-04-08 | 1978-01-31 | Akg Akustische U. Kino-Gerate Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Headphone earpiece |
EP0064553A1 (de) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-11-17 | Sony Corporation | Elektroakustische wandler |
-
1987
- 1987-01-23 AT AT87300610T patent/ATE70936T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-01-23 DE DE8787300610T patent/DE3775425D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-01-23 EP EP87300610A patent/EP0232096B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-01-23 ES ES198787300610T patent/ES2028062T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-01-23 GB GB878701520A patent/GB8701520D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-02-11 GR GR920400186T patent/GR3003764T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB819146A (en) * | 1956-11-26 | 1959-08-26 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Improvements in or relating to acoustic impedance devices |
US3602329A (en) * | 1970-01-07 | 1971-08-31 | Columbia Broadcasting Systems | Conformal ear enclosure |
CH558121A (de) * | 1973-07-19 | 1975-01-15 | Peiker Heinrich | Dynamischer kleinlautsprecher fuer sprachuebertragung. |
US4071717A (en) * | 1975-04-08 | 1978-01-31 | Akg Akustische U. Kino-Gerate Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Headphone earpiece |
AT337795B (de) * | 1975-10-13 | 1977-07-25 | Akg Akustische Kino Geraete | Kopfhorer |
EP0064553A1 (de) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-11-17 | Sony Corporation | Elektroakustische wandler |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998024214A1 (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 1998-06-04 | Kirk Acoustics A/S | Telephone handset, cordless telephone or mobile telephone |
US6337908B1 (en) | 1996-11-28 | 2002-01-08 | Kirk Acoustic A/S | Telephone handset, cordless telephone or mobile telephone for improving acoustic problems in a frequency range |
US7317802B2 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2008-01-08 | Lightspeed Aviation, Inc. | Active-noise-reduction headsets with front-cavity venting |
WO2003010993A2 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-02-06 | Michael Jon Wurtz | Active-noise-reduction headsets with front-cavity venting |
WO2003010993A3 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-09-04 | Michael Jon Wurtz | Active-noise-reduction headsets with front-cavity venting |
EP1377116A3 (de) * | 2002-06-28 | 2005-12-14 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Empfangseinheit eines Endgerätes |
WO2014160539A1 (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-02 | Bose Corporation | Headset porting |
US9762990B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2017-09-12 | Bose Corporation | Headset porting |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0232096B1 (de) | 1991-12-27 |
GR3003764T3 (de) | 1993-03-16 |
GB8701520D0 (en) | 1987-02-25 |
ES2028062T3 (es) | 1992-07-01 |
EP0232096A3 (en) | 1988-10-05 |
DE3775425D1 (de) | 1992-02-06 |
ATE70936T1 (de) | 1992-01-15 |
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