EP0232096B1 - Akustischer Wandler - Google Patents

Akustischer Wandler Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0232096B1
EP0232096B1 EP87300610A EP87300610A EP0232096B1 EP 0232096 B1 EP0232096 B1 EP 0232096B1 EP 87300610 A EP87300610 A EP 87300610A EP 87300610 A EP87300610 A EP 87300610A EP 0232096 B1 EP0232096 B1 EP 0232096B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acoustic transducer
fluid medium
vent means
transducer according
drive unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87300610A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0232096A3 (en
EP0232096A2 (de
Inventor
Anthony John Salloway
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems Defence Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Siemens Plessey Electronic Systems Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Plessey Electronic Systems Ltd filed Critical Siemens Plessey Electronic Systems Ltd
Priority to AT87300610T priority Critical patent/ATE70936T1/de
Publication of EP0232096A2 publication Critical patent/EP0232096A2/de
Publication of EP0232096A3 publication Critical patent/EP0232096A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0232096B1 publication Critical patent/EP0232096B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
    • H04R1/2846—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2849—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to acoustic transducers.
  • acoustic transducers such as, for example, loudspeakers, earphones, microphones, hydrophones or underwater sound generators.
  • acoustic transducers and in particular to earphones which are acoustically coupled to the human ear, which exhibit an invariant phase response over a wide range of drive levels.
  • Phase response is defined as the phase change between the transducer output at the diaphragm and the applied signal against frequency.
  • Acoustic transducers also exhibit amplitude response which, in sound producing acoustic transducers, is the sound pressure level that the drive unit in the transducer can generate when a drive voltage is applied to it against frequency.
  • acoustic transducers exhibit a causal relationship between the phase response and the shape of the amplitude response.
  • the amplitude response is not always directly proportional to the electrical drive level; that is, the earphones do not exhibit an invariant amplitude response shape.
  • the non-linear amplitude response of earphones is particularly evident at low frequencies and high drive levels and usually gives rise to considerable distortion when these conditions prevail.
  • a system of this type is diselesed by AT-A-0 337 795.
  • an acoustic transducer for use in a bulk of a fluid medium, the transducer comprising a housing defining a cavity containing the fluid medium, a drive unit mounted in the housing, and vent means providing a leak path, for venting the fluid medium from the cavity, dimensioned for maintaining a substantially laminar flow of the fluid medium through the vent means throughout the working range of the drive unit such that the amplitude response shape and the phase response of the transducer are substantially invariant throughout the working range of the drive unit.
  • the housing may define a further cavity containing the fluid medium anti has a wall common to both cavities and the drive unit is mounted on the wall common to both cavities.
  • the vent means may provide a leak path from either one or both of the cavities to the bulk of the fluid medium or may provide a leak path between the two cavities or any combination thereof.
  • the vent means may be located on the wall of the housing common to both cavities.
  • the vent means may comprise a plurality of holes.
  • the vent means may comprise a single hole containing a fibrous material to provide a plurality of leak paths through the vent means.
  • the fibrous material may comprise wool, sintered glass, metal, or plastics material.
  • the vent means may comprise a plurality of holes etched in a plate of photosensitive material.
  • the photosensitive material may comprise glass.
  • the holes may be formed in a distributed manner around the housing defining the cavity or close together at a particular location of the cavity.
  • the acoustic transducer may comprise a loudspeaker, earphone, microphone, hydrophone, or underwater sound generators.
  • the earphone does not exhibit an invariant amplitude response shape as the amplitude response at low frequencies with an applied drive level of 4V differs from that obtained for applied drive levels of 1 ⁇ 2V, 1V and 2V.
  • the low frequency phase response of an earphone is determined by the acoustic leak in the earphone cavities.
  • a particular leak hole size is required to achieve a desired low frequency phase response but this desired phase response will only be invariant for drive levels up to a certain critical value, as shown in Figure 3.
  • an acoustic transducer in the form of an earphone 2 comprises a housing which forms an earshell 4.
  • the earshell 4 has a cushion 6 fixed peripherally at the open end thereof such that when the earphone 2 is worn by a user the earshell 4, in conjunction with a partition 8 defines a front cavity 10 and a rear cavity 12.
  • a drive unit 14 is mounted on the partition 8 and may be connected to a drive level signal source.
  • the earshell 4 is provided with vent means which, in the embodiment shown in Figure 4 comprises a plurality of holes 16, and in the embodiment of Figure 5 comprises a hole 18 containing a plug 20 of fibrous material.
  • the vent means provides a leakage path for fluid medium contained within the front cavity 10 to a bulk of the fluid which surrounds the exterior of the earshell 4.
  • a diaphragm (not shown) is caused to vibrate at a frequency corresponding to the electrical signal.
  • the vibration of the diaphragm causes sound to be generated in the fluid medium contained in the front and rear cavities 10 and 12.
  • the sound generated in the front cavity 10 will cause a pressure difference between the fluid medium in the front cavity 10, and the bulk of the fluid medium exterior to the earshell 4 which produces a flow of the fluid medium through the holes 16 or 18.
  • the fluid flow through the leak hole is laminar at low drive levels but at higher drive levels the fluid flow becomes turbulent, resulting in a greater impedance to the flow of fluid through the leak hole and a variant phase response for the earphone, that is, the phase response changes with drive level when the fluid flow in the leak hole is turbulent.
  • the earphone of the present invention as shown in Figures 4 and 5 has the vent means dimensioned to permit substantially laminar flow of the fluid medium from the front cavity 10 through the holes 16 and 18 throughout the working range of the drive unit 14; that is, up to the maximum drive level of the drive unit 14.
  • the earphone 2 can be designed to have a required low frequency amplitude response shape and an invariant phase response up to the highest sound pressure level that the earphone can generate.
  • vent means in the form of a plurality of holes that are either longer in effective length than the single leak hole or have smaller radii, or both. This permits the flow of fluid medium to remain substantially laminar with a larger pressure difference across the holes.
  • the vent means may be fabricated either by providing a plurality of holes 16 in the earshell, as shown in Figure 4, or by the use of a single hole 18 containing a plug 20 of material which allows a multiplicity of long thin fluid paths to be formed in the single hole 18 as shown in figure 5. Suitable materials for the plug 20 are, for example, wool, glass or wire wool, sintered glass, metal or plastics material. Alternatively the holes may be fabricated by etching boles in a photosensitive material, such as glass, which may form a panel in the earshell 4.
  • Individual holes may be drilled in a distributed manner in the earshell 4 or in a particular localised area of the earshell and different types of material may be inserted into the holes to form the plugs 20.
  • the dimension of the hole can be changed either to be longer in length, or have a smaller radius, or both, such that laminar flow of the fluid in the hole is maintained.
  • the holes can be designed to have dimensions which provide the earphone with a phase response which is invariant up to the maximum drive level of the drive unit in the earphone as laminar flow of the fluid medium from the cavity 10 through the holes 16 or 18 can be maintained up to the maximum sound pressurre level that the earphone is able to generate.
  • the present invention may comprise any type of drive unit in any design of acoustic transducer which has only a front or rear cavity and where fluid leaks can be introduced.
  • the vent means has been shown connecting the fluid medium within the front cavity to the bulk of the fluid medium surrounding the earshell, the holes forming the vent means may connect either the front or rear cavities, or both the front or rear cavities or to the bulk of the fluid medium, or any combination.
  • acoustic transducers according to the present invention may comprise loudspeakers, earphones, microphones, hydrophones and underwater sound generators.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Ein akustischer Wandler für Verwendung in einem Raum von einem fluiden Medium, wobei der Wandler ein Gehäuse umfasst, das einen Hohlraum (12) definiert, enthaltend das fluide Medium, eine Antriebseinheit (14), die im Gehäuse angeordnet ist und Entlüftungsmittel (16, 18), enthaltend einen Abluftpfad, für das Entlüften des fluiden Mediums aus dem Hohlraum, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entlüftungsmittel (16, 18) derart dimensioniert sind, dass ein im wesentlichen laminarer Fluss des fluiden Mediums derart innerhalb dem Betriebsbereich der Antriebseinheit (14) durch die Entlüftungsmittel (16) erzeugt wird, dass die Form der Amplitudenantwort und der Phasenantwort des Wandlers innerhalb dem Betriebsbereich der Antriebseinheit im wesentlichen gleichbleibend sind.
2. Ein akustischer Wandler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse einen ersten und einen weiteren Hohlraum (10, 12) definiert, enthaltend das fluide Medium und dass die Antriebseinheit (14) auf einer gemeinsamen Wandung (8) der beiden Hohlräume (10, 12) angeordnet ist.
3. Ein akustischer Wandler nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entlüftungsmittel (16, 18) derart angeordnet sind, um einen Abluftpfad sowohl von einem oder beiden der Hohlräume (10, 12) für die Masse des fluiden Medium zu bilden.
4. Ein akustischer Wandler nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entlüftungsmittel (16, 18) angeordnet sind, um einen Abluftpfad zwischen dem ersten und dem weiteren Hohlraum (10, 12) zu bilden.
5. Ein akustischer Wandler nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entlüftungsmittel (16, 18) in der Wandung (8) des Gehäuses angeordnet sind, die beiden Hohlräume (10, 12) gemeinsam ist.
6. Ein akustischer Wandler nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entlüftungsmittel (16) eine Vielzahl von Löchern umfasst, die derart dimensioniert sind, um einen im wesentlichen laminaren Fluss des fluiden Mediums durch diesen hindurch zu erwirken.
7. Ein akustischer Wandler nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Entlüftungsmittel (18) ein einziges Loch (18) umfasst, enthaltend ein faseriges Material (20), um eine Vielzahl von Abluftpfaden durch die Entlüftungsmittel (18) hindurch zu erzeugen, angeordnet für das Bewirken eines im wesentlichen laminaren Flusses des fluiden Mediums durch dieses hindurch.
8. Ein akustischer Wandler nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das faserartige Material (20) Wolle enthält.
9. Ein akustischer Wandler nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das faserige Material (20) gesintertes Glas, Metall oder Kunststoffmaterial enthält.
10. Ein akustischer Wandler nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Entlüftungsmittel (16) eine Platte von photosensitivem Material umfasst, mit einer Vielzahl von darin geätzten Löchern.
11. Ein akustischer Wandler nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das photosensitive Material Glas umfasst.
12. Ein akustischer Wandler nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vielzahl der Löcher in verteilter Art und Weise um das Gehäuse angeordnet sind.
EP87300610A 1986-01-23 1987-01-23 Akustischer Wandler Expired - Lifetime EP0232096B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87300610T ATE70936T1 (de) 1986-01-23 1987-01-23 Akustischer wandler.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8601635 1986-01-23
GB8601635 1986-01-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0232096A2 EP0232096A2 (de) 1987-08-12
EP0232096A3 EP0232096A3 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0232096B1 true EP0232096B1 (de) 1991-12-27

Family

ID=10591825

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87300610A Expired - Lifetime EP0232096B1 (de) 1986-01-23 1987-01-23 Akustischer Wandler

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0232096B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE70936T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3775425D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2028062T3 (de)
GB (1) GB8701520D0 (de)
GR (1) GR3003764T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW356629B (en) * 1996-11-28 1999-04-21 Kirk Acoustics As Telephone handset, cordless telephone or mobile telephone
US7317802B2 (en) * 2000-07-25 2008-01-08 Lightspeed Aviation, Inc. Active-noise-reduction headsets with front-cavity venting
WO2003010993A2 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-02-06 Michael Jon Wurtz Active-noise-reduction headsets with front-cavity venting
KR100480052B1 (ko) * 2002-06-28 2005-03-30 엘지전자 주식회사 통신 단말기의 레시버 장치
US9762990B2 (en) * 2013-03-26 2017-09-12 Bose Corporation Headset porting

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE562680A (de) * 1956-11-26
US3602329A (en) * 1970-01-07 1971-08-31 Columbia Broadcasting Systems Conformal ear enclosure
CH558121A (de) * 1973-07-19 1975-01-15 Peiker Heinrich Dynamischer kleinlautsprecher fuer sprachuebertragung.
AT334992B (de) * 1975-04-08 1977-02-10 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Kopfhorermuschel
AT337795B (de) * 1975-10-13 1977-07-25 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Kopfhorer
CA1165248A (en) * 1980-10-31 1984-04-10 Shingo Watanabe Electro-acoustic transducer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE70936T1 (de) 1992-01-15
EP0232096A3 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0232096A2 (de) 1987-08-12
DE3775425D1 (de) 1992-02-06
ES2028062T3 (es) 1992-07-01
GR3003764T3 (de) 1993-03-16
GB8701520D0 (en) 1987-02-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4972492A (en) Earphone
CA1219056A (en) Integrated electroacoustic transducer
AU2005244853B2 (en) Closed loop embedded audio transmission line technology
EP0334238B1 (de) Akustischer Apparat
EP0455203B1 (de) Hörgerätschallwandler mit doppeltem Schallaustrittrohr
US4211898A (en) Headphone with two resonant peaks for simulating loudspeaker reproduction
US20090323995A1 (en) Miniature Planar Acoustic Networks
US4997057A (en) Method and apparatus of expanding acoustic reproduction range
US20070154053A1 (en) Resonance chamber of mobile phone
EP2323420A1 (de) Verbesserter Lautsprecher
GB1591480A (en) Compression driver for an acoustical horn speaker and a speaker having such a driver
EP3169082A1 (de) Mikrofonanordnung mit unterdrücktem frequenzgang
US4340787A (en) Electroacoustic transducer
EP3214852B1 (de) Im ohr hörer
EP0322686B1 (de) Akustischer Apparat
GB2234882A (en) Noise reduction system
EP1292170B1 (de) Anordnung zum Verhindern der Bildung von stehenden Wellen in einem Mobilfunkgerät
EP0232096B1 (de) Akustischer Wandler
US20210127199A1 (en) Earphone with uniform acoustic impedance
EP0322679B1 (de) Akustischer Apparat
JP6508687B1 (ja) 密閉型イヤホン
CN110381405A (zh) 一种耳塞
JP3222536U (ja) 密閉型イヤホン
CN114979336A (zh) 一种出声装置及电子设备
CN109525913A (zh) 一种耳机结构及终端

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19890315

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: SIEMENS PLESSEY ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LIMITED

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19910322

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 70936

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19920115

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
ET Fr: translation filed
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3775425

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19920206

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2028062

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: FG4A

Free format text: 3003764

26N No opposition filed
EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 87300610.0

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PFA

Owner name: BAE SYSTEMS (DEFENCE SYSTEMS) LIMITED

Free format text: SIEMENS PLESSEY ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LIMITED#OAKCROFT ROAD#CHESSINGTON/SURREY (GB) -TRANSFER TO- BAE SYSTEMS (DEFENCE SYSTEMS) LIMITED#WARWICK HOUSE P O BOX 87 FARNBOROUGH AEROPSPACE CENTRE#FARNBOROUGH HAMPSHIRE GU14 6YU (GB)

NLT1 Nl: modifications of names registered in virtue of documents presented to the patent office pursuant to art. 16 a, paragraph 1

Owner name: BAE SYSTEMS (DEFENCE SYSTEMS) LIMITED

Owner name: BRITISH AEROSPACE DEFENCE SYSTEMS LIMITED

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20031204

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20031208

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20031211

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20031212

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20031212

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20031215

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 20031217

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20031218

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Payment date: 20031222

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20040107

Year of fee payment: 18

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20040115

Year of fee payment: 18

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: PC2A

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050123

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050123

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050123

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050123

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050124

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050124

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050131

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050131

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050131

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *BAE SYSTEMS DEFENCE SYSTEMS LTD

Effective date: 20050131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050801

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050802

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050802

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20050123

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050930

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20050801

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20050124

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *BAE SYSTEMS DEFENCE SYSTEMS LTD

Effective date: 20050131