EP0228918B1 - Process for making refractory walls of furnaces or combustion chambers, and brick therefor - Google Patents

Process for making refractory walls of furnaces or combustion chambers, and brick therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0228918B1
EP0228918B1 EP86400360A EP86400360A EP0228918B1 EP 0228918 B1 EP0228918 B1 EP 0228918B1 EP 86400360 A EP86400360 A EP 86400360A EP 86400360 A EP86400360 A EP 86400360A EP 0228918 B1 EP0228918 B1 EP 0228918B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refractory
brick
bricks
housings
fact
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP86400360A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0228918A1 (en
Inventor
Pascal Roumeguere
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Saint Gobain IndustrieKeramik Roedental GmbH
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Sa D'exploitation Thermique- Cometherm Cie
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Priority to AT86400360T priority Critical patent/ATE56530T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/107—Protection of water tubes
    • F22B37/108—Protection of water tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/04—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/14—Supports for linings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing refractory walls for protecting ovens or combustion chambers as well as to a refractory brick used according to said method.
  • combustion chambers have on their walls tubular panels produced from welded tubes and fins which make it possible to circulate a heat transfer fluid inside the panels heated during combustion.
  • tubular panels said tubes were spaced from each other but not joined by fins, which allowed shaped refractory bricks to be introduced between the tubes to form the protective refractory wall.
  • This technique can no longer be used in the case of tube panels and welded fins because it is no longer possible to thread the bricks between two tubes due to the fins.
  • This type of embodiment decreases the very resistance of the refractory brick due to the through holes and, on the other hand, requires closing of each fixing hole after mounting.
  • the tubular panels consist of a bundle of independent tubes, spaced apart and arranged substantially parallel to one another.
  • the refractory wall is formed from a multitude of shaped refractory bricks, hung on the tubes by means of fixing lugs, integral with the tubes.
  • each tube are welded diametrically opposite tabs substantially in the plane of said tubular panel.
  • the bricks have a U-shaped profile in the branches of which open housings are provided corresponding to said fixing lugs.
  • Such an embodiment has many drawbacks; in particular, the production of such housings makes the bricks fragile, the welding of the legs on the tubes carrying the heat transfer fluid is delicate and risks reducing their resistance.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a process for producing refractory walls for the protection of ovens or combustion chambers, which makes it possible to overcome these drawbacks and which, on the one hand, does not reduce the mechanical resistance of the bricks and d 'on the other hand, does not require any shutter after mounting.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a refractory brick for protecting tubular panels which has a shape adapted to the panels and has a smooth and full face on the boiler side while allowing it to be easily mounted on the panels.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing refractory panels for protecting ovens or combustion chambers using refractory bricks in shape, such that their fixing can be carried out in staggered rows in order to avoid the chimney effect by pointing the bricks.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing refractory protective walls using refractory bricks which have a real and effective seal.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing refractory protective walls from refractory bricks of intended shape such that the assembly is self-fixing and self-locking due to the configuration of the bricks.
  • the refractory brick of the present invention is characterized in that it has, on its inner face, at least two grooves adapted to said panel tubes, the center distance of which corresponds substantially to that of two adjacent tubes and that the said housing (s) are blind and provided in the area of the greatest thickness of the brick, so as not to reduce its resistance, and offset with respect to said grooves.
  • the present invention relates to the production of refractory walls for protecting ovens or combustion chambers generally constituted by a hearth inside which combustion is carried out and on the walls of which is provided a heat exchanger capable of capturing the heat energy released. to heat a heat transfer fluid for the return of heat in another device.
  • furnaces or combustion chambers are generally but not exclusively found in household incineration or industrial waste incineration boilers.
  • tubular panels (1) which themselves consist of tubes (2) capable of allowing a heat-transfer fluid to circulate and joined together by welded fins (3).
  • the bricks (5) are in the form of a volume adapted to the panel (1) defining an inner face (8) and an outer face (9).
  • the inner face (8) is adapted to match the shape of the tubular panel and the outer face (9) constitutes the face of the fireproof protective wall on the hearth side.
  • each brick (5) has on its inner face (8) at least one blind housing (6) having a longitudinal axis (10) disposed transversely and inclined relative to said face (8) at an angle designated by "at”.
  • this angle " ⁇ " will advantageously be between 45 and 90 ° and the longitudinal axis (10) will be directed upwards to allow the self-fixing of the brick (5) by gravity effect, as shown in Figure 2.
  • each refractory brick (5) will comprise two blind housings (6) and (11) whose longitudinal axes respectively (10) and (12) are arranged in the same axial plane substantially perpendicular to the inner face ( 8.) and are substantially parallel to each other.
  • the rotation of the latter will be avoided relative to its fixing (7).
  • the inner face (8) has two grooves (13) and (14) adapted to said tubes (2) of the panel (1) whose center distance corresponds substantially to that of the tubes.
  • the said housing (s) (6) and (11) are then provided in the region of the greatest thickness. brick (15), for example substantially at equal distance from each groove (13) and (14).
  • the blind housing (s) (6) and / or (11) are placed in the zone (15) of the greatest thickness of the brick so as not to reduce the mechanical resistance of the refractory brick and a substantially constant section is kept around said housings.
  • the blind housing (s) (6), (11) and the corresponding fixing lugs (7) are provided for hooking the bricks (5) in staggered rows in order to avoid the "chimney effect" by the brick joints, as shown in particular in Figure 3.
  • each brick (5) covers two adjacent tubes (2) while being fixed by the corresponding fixing lugs (7) placed on the intermediate fin (3) contiguous to these two tubes (2 ).
  • the embodiment of the brick (5) described above is entirely suitable for this staggered laying process.
  • each (5) is provided with two blind housings (6) and (11) substantially placed in the same vertical axis and welding lugs (7), of geometric shape corresponding to that of the blind housings, on the fins (3) of the tubular panels (1) according to the dimensions of each brick (5).
  • sealing is carried out between each brick (5) by placing between each lateral face (16) to (19 ) refractory bricks (5) a refractory seal (20).
  • each of the side faces (16) to (19) has a groove (21) capable of receiving this refractory seal (20).
  • the seal may be made according to techniques known to those skilled in the art, in refractory materials remaining elastic at high temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Abstract

A method of building refractory protection walls of furnaces, ovens or combustion chambers, notably but not exclusively for boilers for incinerating garbage and refuse, is proposed for protecting the hearth walls by means of a refractory wall (4) consisting of a plurality of shaped fire-bricks (5) each provided with at least one blind recess (6, 11) disposed at the level of the fixing means of the panel (1) to be protected which consist of fixing studs (7) projecting from the panel surface and adapted to engage the corresponding blind recesses (6, 11) so that each fire-brick (5) is suspended from these studs (7) and self-locked in position by at least the next overlying fire-brick.

Description

L'invention est relative à un procédé de réalisation de parois réfractaires de protection de fours ou de chambres de combustion ainsi qu'à une brique réfractaire mise en oeuvre selon ledit procédé.The invention relates to a method for producing refractory walls for protecting ovens or combustion chambers as well as to a refractory brick used according to said method.

Elle trouvera notamment mais non exclusivement son application dans le domaine de la construction des chaudières ou des fours afin de protéger les parois du foyer. Plus particulièrement, elle sera destinée aux chaudières dont les parois du foyer sont équipées de panneaux tubulaires, telles que les chaudières d'incinération d'ordures ménagères.It will find in particular, but not exclusively, its application in the field of the construction of boilers or ovens in order to protect the walls of the hearth. More particularly, it will be intended for boilers whose walls of the hearth are equipped with tubular panels, such as boilers for the incineration of household waste.

Il est connu actuellement un type de chaudière qui comporte essentiellement une chambre de combustion qui, dans le cas d'usines d'incinération, permet de brûler les ordures ménagères et les déchets industriels, et dont les parois sont équipées de récupérateurs de chaleur pour valoriser l'énergie contenue dans les déchets.There is currently known a type of boiler which essentially comprises a combustion chamber which, in the case of incineration plants, makes it possible to burn household and industrial waste, and the walls of which are equipped with heat recuperators to recover the energy contained in the waste.

En effet, certaines chambres de combustion comportent sur leurs parois des panneaux tubulaires réalisés à partir de tubes et d'ailettes soudées qui permettent de faire circuler un fluide caloporteur à l'intérieur des panneaux réchauffés lors de la combustion.In fact, some combustion chambers have on their walls tubular panels produced from welded tubes and fins which make it possible to circulate a heat transfer fluid inside the panels heated during combustion.

Toutefois, pour protéger ces panneaux tubulaires qui sont soumis à des efforts thermo-mécaniques et à des actions corrosives et abrasives, il est nécessaire de les protéger par une paroi réfractaire permettant d'assurer une longévité plus grande.However, to protect these tubular panels which are subjected to thermo-mechanical stresses and to corrosive and abrasive actions, it is necessary to protect them by a refractory wall making it possible to ensure greater longevity.

Lors de réalisations antérieures de panneaux tubulaires, lesdits tubes étaient espacés les uns des autres mais non réunis par des ailettes, ce qui permettait à des briques réfractaires de forme d'être introduites entre les tubes pour former la paroi réfractaire de protection. Cette technique n'est plus utilisable dans le cas de panneaux à tubes et ailettes soudées car on ne peut plus enfiler les briques entre deux tubes du fait des ailettes.In previous embodiments of tubular panels, said tubes were spaced from each other but not joined by fins, which allowed shaped refractory bricks to be introduced between the tubes to form the protective refractory wall. This technique can no longer be used in the case of tube panels and welded fins because it is no longer possible to thread the bricks between two tubes due to the fins.

5 Pour pallier à cet inconvénient, il existe des briques ou plaques réfractaires munies de trous traversants, qui permettent le montage des briques sur les panneaux tubulaires par l'intermédiaire de moyens de retenue traversants, tels que des fixations par vis, rivets ou pattes) soudées bloquantes en T.5 To overcome this drawback, there are refractory bricks or plates provided with through holes, which allow the bricks to be mounted on the tubular panels by means of through retaining means, such as fixings by screws, rivets or lugs) welded T-blockers.

Ce type de réalisation, d'une part, diminue la résistance même de la brique réfractaire du fait des trous traversants et d'autre part, nécessite postérieurement au montage l'obturation de chaque trou de fixation.This type of embodiment, on the one hand, decreases the very resistance of the refractory brick due to the through holes and, on the other hand, requires closing of each fixing hole after mounting.

Cela étant, il est connu du document GB-A 409 827 une réalisation de parois de fours se présentant sous la forme de panneaux tubulaires protégés par une paroi réfractaire.However, it is known from GB-A 409 827 an embodiment of furnace walls in the form of tubular panels protected by a refractory wall.

Les panneaux tubulaires sont constitués par un faisceau de tubes indépendants, espacés et disposés sensiblement parallèlement entre eux. La paroi réfractaire est formée à partir d'une multitude de briques réfractaires de forme, accrochées sur les tubes au moyen de pattes de fixation, solidaires des tubes.The tubular panels consist of a bundle of independent tubes, spaced apart and arranged substantially parallel to one another. The refractory wall is formed from a multitude of shaped refractory bricks, hung on the tubes by means of fixing lugs, integral with the tubes.

Plus précisément, sur chaque tube sont soudées des pattes diamètralement opposées sensiblement dans le plan dudit panneau tubulaire. Les briques présentent un profil en forme de U dans les branches duquel sont prévus des logements débouchant correspondant auxdites pattes de fixation.More specifically, on each tube are welded diametrically opposite tabs substantially in the plane of said tubular panel. The bricks have a U-shaped profile in the branches of which open housings are provided corresponding to said fixing lugs.

Une telle réalisation présente de nombreux inconvénients; en particulier, la réalisation de tels logements rend fragile les briques, la soudure des pattes sur les tubes transportant le fluide caloporteur est délicate et risque d'amoindrir leur résistance.Such an embodiment has many drawbacks; in particular, the production of such housings makes the bricks fragile, the welding of the legs on the tubes carrying the heat transfer fluid is delicate and risks reducing their resistance.

De plus, une telle réalisation ne peut s'appliquer à des panneaux tubulaires formés d'un faisceau de tubes réunis par des ailettes soudées dans le plan dudit panneau.In addition, such an embodiment cannot be applied to tubular panels formed of a bundle of tubes joined by fins welded in the plane of said panel.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de réalisation de parois réfractaires de protection de fours ou chambres de combustion, qui permet de pallier à ces inconvénients et qui d'une part, n'amoindrit pas la résistance mécanique des briques et d'autre part, ne nécessite pas d'obturation quelconque après leur montage.The object of the present invention is to propose a process for producing refractory walls for the protection of ovens or combustion chambers, which makes it possible to overcome these drawbacks and which, on the one hand, does not reduce the mechanical resistance of the bricks and d 'on the other hand, does not require any shutter after mounting.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer une brique réfractaire de protection de panneaux tubulaires qui présente une forme adaptée aux panneaux et présente une face lisse et pleine côté chaudière tout en autorisant son montage aisément sur les panneaux.Another object of the present invention is to provide a refractory brick for protecting tubular panels which has a shape adapted to the panels and has a smooth and full face on the boiler side while allowing it to be easily mounted on the panels.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de réalisation de panneaux réfractaires de protection de fours ou chambres de combustion à l'aide de briques réfractaires de forme, tel que leur fixation puisse se réaliser en quinconce afin d'éviter l'effet de cheminée par le jointoiement des briques.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing refractory panels for protecting ovens or combustion chambers using refractory bricks in shape, such that their fixing can be carried out in staggered rows in order to avoid the chimney effect by pointing the bricks.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de réalisation de parois réfractaires de protection à l'aide de briques réfractaires qui présentent une étanchéité réelle et efficace.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing refractory protective walls using refractory bricks which have a real and effective seal.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de réalisation de parois réfractaires de protection à partir de briques réfractaires de forme prévues telles que le montage soit auto- fixant et autobloquant du fait de la configuration des briques.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing refractory protective walls from refractory bricks of intended shape such that the assembly is self-fixing and self-locking due to the configuration of the bricks.

D'autres buts et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre qui n'est cependant donnée qu'à titre indicatif et qui n'a pas pour but de la limiter.Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear during the description which follows which is however given only for information and which is not intended to limit it.

A cet égard, le procédé de réalisation d'une paroi réfractaire de protection de fours ou chambres de combustion, selon la présente invention, notamment mais non exclusivement destiné aux chaudières d'incinération d'ordures ménagères et de déchets industriels, ladite paroi réfractaire étant formée à partir d'une multitude de briques réfractaires de forme, présentant chacune au moins un logement, ladite paroi à protéger du four étant formée à partir de panneaux tubulaires, d'une part constitués par un faisceau de tubes réunis par des ailettes soudées et d'autre part présentant un ensemble de pattes de fixation adaptées auxdits logements, procédé selon lequel on accroche chaque brique, sur sa patte de fixation correspondante, ladite brique étant alors retenue par effet gravitaire, est caractérisé par le fait que:

  • - on adapte la face intérieure de la brique afin qu'elle épouse la forme dudit panneau tubulaire,
  • - on munit chaque brique d'au moins un logement borgne au niveau de la fixation à réaliser et on dispose le ou les logements dans la zone de plus grande épaisseur de la brique pour ne pas diminuer sa résistance mécanique,
  • - on prévoit et on dispose, sur lesdites ailettes réunissant les tubes du panneau, lesdites pattes de fixation correspondant auxdits logements borgnes.
  • En outre, selon la présente invention, les parois de fours ou de chambres de combustion réalisées par la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé sont caractérisées par le fait que:
  • - chaque brique présente une face intérieure adaptée à épouser la forme du panneau tubulaire, dans laquelle est prévu au moins un logement borgne,
  • - le ou lesdits logements sont prévus dans la zone de plus grande épaisseur de chaque brique pour ne pas diminuer sa résistance,
  • - lesdites pattes de fixation des briques, correspondant auxdits logements borgnes, sont disposées sur les ailettes réunissant les tubes du panneau.
In this regard, the method for producing a refractory wall for protecting ovens or combustion chambers, according to the present invention, in particular but not exclusively intended for boilers for the incineration of household and industrial waste, said refractory wall being formed from a multitude of shaped refractory bricks, each having at least one housing, said wall to be protected from the oven being formed from tubular panels, firstly constituted by a bundle of tubes joined by welded fins and on the other hand having a set of fixing lugs adapted to said housings, method according to which each brick is hung on its corresponding fixing lug, said brick then being retained by gravity effect, is characterized in that:
  • - the interior face of the brick is adapted so that it matches the shape of said tubular panel,
  • each brick is provided with at least one blind housing at the level of the fastening to be produced and the housing (s) are placed in the zone of greatest thickness of the brick so as not to reduce its mechanical strength,
  • - Provision is made and there are, on said fins joining the tubes of the panel, said fixing lugs corresponding to said blind housings.
  • In addition, according to the present invention, the walls of ovens or combustion chambers produced by the implementation of said method are characterized in that:
  • each brick has an interior face adapted to match the shape of the tubular panel, in which at least one blind housing is provided,
  • the said housing (s) are provided in the zone of greatest thickness of each brick so as not to reduce its resistance,
  • - Said bricks fixing lugs, corresponding to said blind housings, are arranged on the fins joining the tubes of the panel.

Enfin, pour permettre la mise en ceuvre du procédé de la présente invention, et/ou la réalisation de telles parois réfractaires, la brique réfractaire de la présente invention est caractérisée par le fait qu'elle présente, sur sa face intérieure, au moins deux gorges adaptées auxdits tubes du panneau, dont l'entraxe correspond sensiblement à celui de deux tubes adjacents et que le ou lesdits logements sont borgnes et prévus dans la zone de la plus grande épaisseur de la brique, pour ne pas diminuer sa résistance, et décalés par rapport auxdites gorges.Finally, to allow the implementation of the process of the present invention, and / or the production of such refractory walls, the refractory brick of the present invention is characterized in that it has, on its inner face, at least two grooves adapted to said panel tubes, the center distance of which corresponds substantially to that of two adjacent tubes and that the said housing (s) are blind and provided in the area of the greatest thickness of the brick, so as not to reduce its resistance, and offset with respect to said grooves.

Le présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre accompagnée des dessins en annexe qui en font partie intégrante.

  • La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe partielle d'une paroi de chambre de combustion équipée d'un panneau tubulaire protégé selon la présente invention.
  • La figure 2 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale selon l'axe II-II de la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 représente une vue partielle d'une face d'une paroi réfractaire de protection selon la présente invention.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, accompanied by the attached drawings which form an integral part thereof.
  • Figure 1 shows a partial sectional view of a combustion chamber wall equipped with a protected tubular panel according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents a view in longitudinal section along the axis II-II of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 represents a partial view of a face of a refractory protective wall according to the present invention.

La présente invention vise la réalisation de parois réfractaires de protection de fours ou chambres de combustion généralement constitués par un foyer à l'intérieur duquel est effectuée la combustion et sur les parois duquel est prévu un échangeur de chaleur apte à capter l'énergie calorifique dégagée pour réchauffer un fluide caloporteur en vue de la restitution de chaleur dans un autre dispositif.The present invention relates to the production of refractory walls for protecting ovens or combustion chambers generally constituted by a hearth inside which combustion is carried out and on the walls of which is provided a heat exchanger capable of capturing the heat energy released. to heat a heat transfer fluid for the return of heat in another device.

On retrouve généralement mais non exclusivement ce genre de fours ou chambres de combustion dans des chaudières d'incinération d'ordures ménagères ou de déchets industriels.This kind of furnaces or combustion chambers are generally but not exclusively found in household incineration or industrial waste incineration boilers.

Comme le montre notamment la figure 1, les parois du foyer sont équipées de panneaux tubulaires (1) qui sont eux-mêmes constitués de tubes (2) aptes à laisser circuler un fluide caloporteur et réunis entre eux par des ailettes soudées (3).As shown in particular in FIG. 1, the walls of the hearth are equipped with tubular panels (1) which themselves consist of tubes (2) capable of allowing a heat-transfer fluid to circulate and joined together by welded fins (3).

Selon le procédé de la présente invention, on réalise la paroi réfractaire (4) à partir d'une multitude de briques de forme réfractaires (5) de la manière suivante :

  • - on munit chaque brique (5) d'au moins un logement borgne (6) au niveau de la fixation à réaliser,
  • - on prévoit sur le panneau (1) à protéger une multitude de pattes de fixation (7) adaptées auxdits logements borgnes (6) des briques (5),
  • - on accroche chaque brique (5) sur sa patte de fixation correspondante (7), la brique (5) est alors retenue par effet gravitaire et bloquée au moins par la brique (5) adjacente supérieure.
According to the method of the present invention, the refractory wall (4) is produced from a multitude of refractory bricks (5) in the following manner:
  • - each brick (5) is provided with at least one blind housing (6) at the level of the fixing to be produced,
  • - provision is made on the panel (1) to protect a multitude of fixing lugs (7) adapted to said blind housings (6) of the bricks (5),
  • - Hanging each brick (5) on its corresponding fixing lug (7), the brick (5) is then retained by gravity effect and blocked at least by the brick (5) adjacent upper.

Comme le montrent précisément les figures 1 et 2, les briques (5) se présentent sous la forme d'un volume adapté au panneau (1) définissant une face intérieure (8) et une face extérieure (9).As precisely shown in Figures 1 and 2, the bricks (5) are in the form of a volume adapted to the panel (1) defining an inner face (8) and an outer face (9).

La face intérieure (8) est adaptée à épouser la forme du panneau tubulaire et la face extérieure (9) constitue la face de la paroi réfractaire de protection côté foyer.The inner face (8) is adapted to match the shape of the tubular panel and the outer face (9) constitutes the face of the fireproof protective wall on the hearth side.

Selon la présente invention, chaque brique (5) comporte sur sa face intérieure (8) au moins un logement borgne (6) présentant un axe longitudinal (10) disposé transversalement et incliné par rapport à ladite face (8) selon un angle désigné par "a".According to the present invention, each brick (5) has on its inner face (8) at least one blind housing (6) having a longitudinal axis (10) disposed transversely and inclined relative to said face (8) at an angle designated by "at".

Selon des modes préférentiels de la présente invention, cet angle "α" sera avantageusement compris entre 45 et 90° et l'axe longitudinal (10) sera dirigé vers le haut pour autoriser l'autofixation de la brique (5) par effet gravitaire, comme le montre précisément la figure 2.According to preferred embodiments of the present invention, this angle "α" will advantageously be between 45 and 90 ° and the longitudinal axis (10) will be directed upwards to allow the self-fixing of the brick (5) by gravity effect, as shown in Figure 2.

Dans un mode préférentiel de réalisation, chaque brique réfractaire (5) comportera deux logements borgnes (6) et (11) dont les axes longitudinaux respectivement (10) et (12) sont disposés dans un même plan axial sensiblement perpendiculaire à la face intérieure (8.) et sont sensiblement parallèles entre eux. Ainsi, lors de la fixation de la brique, on évitera la rotation de cette dernière par rapport à sa fixation (7).In a preferred embodiment, each refractory brick (5) will comprise two blind housings (6) and (11) whose longitudinal axes respectively (10) and (12) are arranged in the same axial plane substantially perpendicular to the inner face ( 8.) and are substantially parallel to each other. Thus, when fixing the brick, the rotation of the latter will be avoided relative to its fixing (7).

En outre, comme le montre précisément la figure 1, la face intérieure (8) présente deux gorges (13) et (14) adaptées auxdits tubes (2) du panneau (1) dont l'entraxe correspond sensiblement à celui des tubes. Le ou lesdits logements (6) et (11) sont alors prévus dans la zone de la plus grande épaisseur. de la brique (15), par exemple sensiblement à égale distance de chaque gorge (13) et (14).In addition, as precisely shown in Figure 1, the inner face (8) has two grooves (13) and (14) adapted to said tubes (2) of the panel (1) whose center distance corresponds substantially to that of the tubes. The said housing (s) (6) and (11) are then provided in the region of the greatest thickness. brick (15), for example substantially at equal distance from each groove (13) and (14).

En effet, selon le procédé de la présente invention, on dispose le ou les logements borgnes (6) et/ou (11) dans la zone (15) de la plus grande épaisseur de la brique pour ne pas diminuer la résistance mécanique de la brique réfractaire et on garde une section sensiblement constante autour desdits logements.In fact, according to the method of the present invention, the blind housing (s) (6) and / or (11) are placed in the zone (15) of the greatest thickness of the brick so as not to reduce the mechanical resistance of the refractory brick and a substantially constant section is kept around said housings.

Par ailleurs, selon le procédé de l'invention, on prévoit le ou les logements borgnes (6), (11) ainsi que les pattes de fixation correspondantes (7) pour réaliser l'accrochage des briques (5) en quinconce afin d'éviter "l'effet de cheminée" par les jointoiements de briques, comme le montre particulièrement la figure 3.Furthermore, according to the method of the invention, the blind housing (s) (6), (11) and the corresponding fixing lugs (7) are provided for hooking the bricks (5) in staggered rows in order to avoid the "chimney effect" by the brick joints, as shown in particular in Figure 3.

Cette disposition est notamment autorisée par le fait que chaque brique (5) recouvre deux tubes (2) adjacents tout en étant fixée par les pattes de fixation (7) correspondantes placées sur l'ailette (3) intermédiaire contigüe à ces deux tubes (2). Le mode de réalisation de la brique (5) décrit précédemment convient tout à fait à ce procédé de pose en quinconce.This arrangement is authorized in particular by the fact that each brick (5) covers two adjacent tubes (2) while being fixed by the corresponding fixing lugs (7) placed on the intermediate fin (3) contiguous to these two tubes (2 ). The embodiment of the brick (5) described above is entirely suitable for this staggered laying process.

Néanmoins, d'autres dimensions de briques pourraient être envisagées, notamment telles qu'elles recouvrent trois tubes ou plus, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention.However, other dimensions of bricks could be envisaged, in particular such that they cover three or more tubes, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Selon le procédé de la présente invention, pour réaliser une paroi réfractaire de protection à l'aide d'une pluralité de briques (5), on munit chaque (5) de deux logements borgnes (6) et (11) sensiblement placés dans le même axe vertical et on soude des pattes de fixation (7), de forme géométrique correspondante à celle des logements borgnes, sur les ailettes (3) des panneaux tubulaires (1) selon les dimensions de chaque brique (5).According to the method of the present invention, to produce a refractory protective wall using a plurality of bricks (5), each (5) is provided with two blind housings (6) and (11) substantially placed in the same vertical axis and welding lugs (7), of geometric shape corresponding to that of the blind housings, on the fins (3) of the tubular panels (1) according to the dimensions of each brick (5).

Ainsi, en soudant les pattes de fixation (7) sur les ailettes (3), on n'amoindrit pas la résistance mécanique des tubes (2) constituant les panneaux (1). Néanmoins, on pourrait tout à fait envisager de souder ces pattes de fixation (7) sur les génératrices des tubes, en prévoyant les briques et leurs logements en conséquence.Thus, by welding the fixing lugs (7) on the fins (3), the mechanical resistance of the tubes (2) constituting the panels (1) is not reduced. However, one could completely consider welding these fixing lugs (7) on the generatrices of the tubes, providing the bricks and their housings accordingly.

Enfin, pour réaliser une paroi réfractaire de protection étanche séparant la chambre de combustion et le panneau, selon le procédé de l'invention, on réalise l'étanchéité entre chaque brique (5) en disposant entre chaque face latérale (16) à (19) des briques réfractaires (5) un joint d'étanchéité (20) réfractaire.Finally, to produce a sealed protective refractory wall separating the combustion chamber and the panel, according to the method of the invention, sealing is carried out between each brick (5) by placing between each lateral face (16) to (19 ) refractory bricks (5) a refractory seal (20).

A cet effet, chacune des faces latérales (16) à (19) présente une gorge (21) apte à recevoir ce joint d'étanchéité réfractaire (20).To this end, each of the side faces (16) to (19) has a groove (21) capable of receiving this refractory seal (20).

Le joint pourra être constitué selon des techniques connues de l'Homme de l'Art, en matériaux réfractaires restant élastiques à haute température.The seal may be made according to techniques known to those skilled in the art, in refractory materials remaining elastic at high temperature.

Naturellement, d'autres mises en oeuvre de la présente invention, à la portée de l'Homme de l'Art, auraient pu être envisagées sans pour autant sortir du cadre de celle-ci.Naturally, other implementations of the present invention, within the reach of those skilled in the art, could have been envisaged without departing from the scope thereof.

Claims (10)

1. Process for making a refractory wall for protecting walls of furnaces or combustion chambers, designed in particular but not exclusively for furnaces for incinerating household refuse and industrial waste, the said refractory wall (4) being formed from a plurality of shaped refractory bricks (5), each having at least one housing (6), the said furnace wall to be protected (1-3) being formed from tubular panels (1), on one hand constituted by a bundle of tubes (2) joined by welded wings (3) and, on the other hand, having a set of mounting feet (7) fitting into the said housings (6), a process whereby each brick (5) is fitted onto its corresponding mounting foot (7), the said brick then being retained by the force of gravity, characterized by the fact that:
- the inner face (8) of the brick (5) is adapted to mate with the shape of the said tubular panel (1-3),
- each brick (5) is provided with at least one blind housing (6) at the point at which mounting is to take place, and the housing or housings (6 and/or 11) are provided in the area (15) of greatest thickness of the brick (5) so as not to reduce its mechanical strength,
- the said mounting feet (7), corresponding to the said blind housings (6), are provided and disposed on the said wings (3) joining the tubes (2) of the panel (1).
2. Process for making refractory walls according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the mounting feet (7) are welded onto the wings (3) of the tubular panel (1), according to the dimensions of each brick (5), substantially at an equal distance from two adjacent tubes (2).
3. Process for making refractory walls, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that there is provided on the inner face (8) of the bricks (5) the blind housing or housings (6 and/or 11) as well as the corresponding mounting feet (7) to fit the bricks (5) in staggered fashion to avoid the "chimney effect" through joins between bricks.
4. Process for making refractory walls according claim 1, characterized by the fact that tightness is obtained between each brick (5) by disposing a refractory seal (20) between each lateral face (16-19) of the refractory bricks (5).
5. Wall for furnaces or combustion chambers, designed in particular but not exclusively for furnaces for incinerating household refuse and industrial waste, taking the form of tubular panels (1) protected by a refractory wall (4), the said refractory wall (4) being formed from a plurality of shaped refractory bricks (5), each having at least one housing (6), the said tubular panel (1) being, on one hand, constituted by a bundle of tubes (2) joined by welded wings (3) and having, on the other hand, a number of mounting feet (7) fitting the said housings (6), characterized by the fact that:
- each brick (5) has an inner face (8) adapted to mate with the shape of the tubular panel (1), in which there is provided at least one blind housing (6),
- the housing or housings (6 and/or 11) are provided in the area (15) of the greatest thickness of each brick (5) so as not to reduce its strength,
- the said mounting feet (7) of the bricks (5) corresponding to the said blind housings (6) are placed on the wings (3) joining the tubes (2) of the panel (1).
6. Wall for furnaces or combustion chambers according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the said bricks (5) cover at least two adjacent tubes (2) and are arranged in staggered fashion.
7. Refractory brick for protecting tubular panels, permitting the implementation of the process according to claim 1, and the production of walls for furnaces according to claim 6, the said refractory wall taking the form of tubular panels (1) protected by a refractory wall (4), the said refractory wall being formed from a plurality of shaped refractory bricks, each having an inner face (8), adapted to mate with the form of the tubular panel (1), in which is provided at least one housing (6), fitted to the said tubular panel by means of a number of mounting feet (7), characterized by the fact that the inner face (8) has at least two grooves (13, 14) fitting the said tubes (2) of the panel (1) the centre to centre distance of which corresponds substantially to that of two adjacent tubes (2), and that the said housing or housings (6 and/or 11) are blind and provided in the area (15) of greatest thickness of the brick (5), so as not to reduce its strength, and staggered in relation to the said grooves (13, 14).
8. Refractory brick, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the inner face has two said grooves (13, 14), and that the said blind housing or housings are provided substantially at an equal distance from each said groove (13, 14).
9. Refractory brick, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that each of its lateral faces (16-19) has a groove (21) suitable for receiving a refractory seal (20).
10. Refractory brick, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the inner face (8) comprises two blind housings (6, 11) substantially placed in the same vertical plane and each having a longitudinal axis (10) disposed transversely and inclined in relation to the said face (8) to permit its self-mounting through the force of gravity.
EP86400360A 1985-12-23 1986-02-20 Process for making refractory walls of furnaces or combustion chambers, and brick therefor Expired - Lifetime EP0228918B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86400360T ATE56530T1 (en) 1985-12-23 1986-02-20 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING REFRACTORY LINED WALLS FOR FURNACES AND COMBUSTION CHAMBERS AND STONE FOR THEM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8519446A FR2592145B1 (en) 1985-12-23 1985-12-23 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING REFRACTORY WALLS FOR THE PROTECTION OF OVENS OR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS AND REFRACTORY BRICK FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD.
FR8519446 1985-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0228918A1 EP0228918A1 (en) 1987-07-15
EP0228918B1 true EP0228918B1 (en) 1990-09-12

Family

ID=9326329

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86400360A Expired - Lifetime EP0228918B1 (en) 1985-12-23 1986-02-20 Process for making refractory walls of furnaces or combustion chambers, and brick therefor

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4768447A (en)
EP (1) EP0228918B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE56530T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3674179D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2592145B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2592145B1 (en) 1989-08-18
FR2592145A1 (en) 1987-06-26
US4768447A (en) 1988-09-06
EP0228918A1 (en) 1987-07-15
ATE56530T1 (en) 1990-09-15
DE3674179D1 (en) 1990-10-18
DE228918T1 (en) 1988-02-25

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