EP0030183B1 - Heating element for gas-fired domestic hot-water central-heating boilers - Google Patents
Heating element for gas-fired domestic hot-water central-heating boilers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0030183B1 EP0030183B1 EP80401656A EP80401656A EP0030183B1 EP 0030183 B1 EP0030183 B1 EP 0030183B1 EP 80401656 A EP80401656 A EP 80401656A EP 80401656 A EP80401656 A EP 80401656A EP 0030183 B1 EP0030183 B1 EP 0030183B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- gas
- angle
- fact
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
- F24H1/403—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes the water tubes being arranged in one or more circles around the burner
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
Definitions
- the present invention relates very particularly but not exclusively to domestic boilers for central heating with hot water by gas of the sealed type with forced draft. It relates to a new heat exchanger body which makes it possible to operate said boilers with partial or total recovery of the calories contained in the water vapor produced by the condensation of gas.
- this water vapor is evacuated through the chimney in pure loss with the combustion products at a temperature generally between 110 ° and 250 ° C, this loss which is at least equal to the latent heat of condensation or vaporization of water vapor represents approximately 10% of the calorific value of the gas. To recover these lost calories, it is necessary to be able to condense this vapor, this is what is done in so-called condensing boilers.
- the present invention makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks and aims to achieve a particularly simple and economical exchanger heater body for condensing boilers while creating a turbulence regime in the flow of combustion gases between the longitudinal tubes in view. to obtain higher convection heat exchange coefficients.
- the invention relates to a heating body comprising a bundle of longitudinal tubes of elongated section arranged along the generatrix of a cylinder to form a cylindrical interior combustion chamber characterized in that the longitudinal median plane of each tubes is inclined at an angle relative to the radial direction of flow of the combustion gases in the combustion chamber to create an oblique attack of these gases on said tubes.
- a heat exchanger body consisting of longitudinal tubes 10 with elongated section uniformly distributed along the generatrix of a cylinder so as to form a cylindrical interior chamber2 for the introduction of a burner3 also cylindrical.
- These tubes 10 in which the water to be heated circulates are inclined at an angle a with respect to a radial direction AB of flow of the combustion gases in a cylindrical combustion chamber 2.
- the angle of inclination a of the tubes is defined by the angle between the longitudinal median plane A l B 1 of a tube and the plane AB passing through the intersection of the median plane A l B 1 of the tube and the upstream face of this tube in the direction of gas flow.
- This angle of inclination to tubes 10 is for example close to 30 °. But we will use an angle of inclination to the tubes greater than a limit angle ao shown in Figure 2, and obtained when a plane AB 'passing through the axis of the cylindrical combustion chamber 2 and between two longitudinal neighboring tubes 10 is tangent to these two tubes.
- This arrangement has many advantages. First of all, it makes it possible on the one hand to create a turbulence regime in the flow of gases between the tubes 10 despite the low value of between 50 and 200 of the Reynolds number characterizing this flow of gases in order to obtain high convection coefficients and on the other hand to increase the surface of the tubes exposed to the direct radiation of the flames of the combustion chamber, so as to constitute an “optically closed” heat exchange surface.
- the term "optically closed surface” means that a light source having as axis the axis of the combustion chamber and of the cylindrical burner is not visible directly when looking at the exterior of this exchanger, therefore from the side of the outlet of the combustion gases. We can therefore see in this case only indirect light traces emerging from the intervals between the tubes generated by the internal reflections and the diffusion of the central light source formed by the flames of the burner.
- this arrangement due to the oblique attack of the combustion gases on the tubes increases on the one hand the thermal power exchanged by convection by the turbulence created upstream of the tubes and consequently obtained between tubes and on the other hand the thermal power exchanged by radiation by exposing a larger area of the tubes to direct radiation from the gas combustion flames.
- elongated water tubes has been envisaged, but it is likewise possible to use oval tubes with elliptical section or tubes with rhombic section, or tubes with elongated section (oblong) with different contours on the upstream face and the downstream face, for example tubes with a section known as an orange quarter shape, or a drop shape.
Description
La présente invention se rapporte tout particulièrement mais non exclusivement aux chaudières domestiques de chauffage central à eau chaude par le gaz du type étanche à tirage forcé. Elle a pour objet un nouveau corps de chauffe échangeur qui permet de faire fonctionner lesdites chaudières avec une récupération partielle ou totale des calories contenues dans la vapeur d'eau produite par la condensation du gaz.The present invention relates very particularly but not exclusively to domestic boilers for central heating with hot water by gas of the sealed type with forced draft. It relates to a new heat exchanger body which makes it possible to operate said boilers with partial or total recovery of the calories contained in the water vapor produced by the condensation of gas.
En effet, on sait que lors de la combustion d'un gaz contenant du carbone et de l'hydrogène ce qui est le cas de presque tous les gaz combustibles, l'hydrogène se combine avec l'oxygène de l'air pour produire de la vapeur d'eau.Indeed, we know that during the combustion of a gas containing carbon and hydrogen, which is the case with almost all combustible gases, hydrogen combines with oxygen in the air to produce water vapor.
Dans les chaudières équipées de corps de chauffe classiques, cette vapeur d'eau est évacuée par la cheminée en pure perte avec les produits de combustion à une température généralement comprise entre 110° et 250 °C, cette perte qui est au moins égale à la chaleur latente de condensation ou de vaporisation de la vapeur d'eau représente environ 10 % du pouvoir calorifique du gaz. Pour récupérer ces calories perdues, il faut pouvoir condenser cette vapeur, c'est ce qui est réalisé dans les chaudières dites à condensation.In boilers equipped with conventional heating bodies, this water vapor is evacuated through the chimney in pure loss with the combustion products at a temperature generally between 110 ° and 250 ° C, this loss which is at least equal to the latent heat of condensation or vaporization of water vapor represents approximately 10% of the calorific value of the gas. To recover these lost calories, it is necessary to be able to condense this vapor, this is what is done in so-called condensing boilers.
Malheureusement, pour pouvoir condenser la vapeur d'eau contenue dans les produits de combustion, il faut pouvoir les refroidir au contact d'une paroi d'échange thermique à une température inférieure à la température dite de rosée qui se situe en général autour de 55 °C. Cela veut dire qu'on ne pourra jamais condenser cette vapeur d'eau si l'eau de chauffage circulant dans la chaudière est à une température supérieure à la température du point de rosée des produits de combustion qui dans la pratique, se situe autour de 55 °C, ou si les surfaces d'échange en contact avec les produits de combustion sont elles-même à une température supérieure à celle-ci.Unfortunately, to be able to condense the water vapor contained in the combustion products, it must be possible to cool them in contact with a heat exchange wall to a temperature below the so-called dew temperature which is generally around 55 ° C. This means that this water vapor can never be condensed if the heating water circulating in the boiler is at a temperature higher than the temperature of the dew point of the combustion products which in practice is around 55 ° C, or if the exchange surfaces in contact with the combustion products are themselves at a temperature higher than this.
C'est pourquoi sur la plupart des chaudières à condensation connues, l'eau du circuit à chauffer est mise en contact direct avec les produits de combustion en utilisant soit une pulvérisation de l'eau à travers les produits de combustion, soit le principe du brûleur submergé, soit le principe du lit fluidisé ou encore le principe du ruisselement de l'eau sur des plateaux.This is why on most of the known condensing boilers, the water of the circuit to be heated is brought into direct contact with the products of combustion by using either a spraying of water through the products of combustion, or the principle of submerged burner, either the principle of the fluidized bed or the principle of water runoff on trays.
Mais dans toutes ces chaudières, il n'existe pas de séparation physique entre les produits de combustion et le circuit d'eau primaire. De plus, il est nécessaire de prévoir un échangeur entre le circuit primaire et le circuit secondaire, en raison de l'agressivité élevée de l'eau du circuit primaire en contact direct avec les produits de combustion. Par ailleurs, le contact direct eau-produits de combustion présente des inconvénients. Tout d'abord il limite l'emploi de ce type de générateur par exemple au chauffage de l'eau de bassins ou de piscines car la température de sortie de l'eau est relativement basse et au cours de ce contact, l'eau s'acidifie par dissolution du gaz carbonique qui donne naissance à de l'acide carbonique ce qui diminue la longévité des appareils.But in all these boilers, there is no physical separation between the combustion products and the primary water circuit. In addition, it is necessary to provide an exchanger between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit, due to the high aggressiveness of the water in the primary circuit in direct contact with the combustion products. Furthermore, direct contact with water and combustion products has drawbacks. First of all, it limits the use of this type of generator, for example to the heating of water in basins or swimming pools because the water outlet temperature is relatively low and during this contact, the water s acidifies by dissolving carbon dioxide which gives rise to carbonic acid which decreases the longevity of the devices.
Par ailleurs, on connaît des chaudières à condensation dans lesquelles il existe une séparation physique entre l'eau et les produits de combustion. La condensation apparaît, par suite des caractéristiques exceptionnelles de l'échangeur, dès que la température de l'eau de retour de la chaudière est inférieure à 50 °C. Cet échangeur peut être du type à volute ou constitué par des nappes de tubes en cuivre lisses ou munies d'ailettes extrudées dans la masse. Mais ce type d'échangeur est d'un coût élevé et particulièrement volumineux puisqu'il fait intervenir une surface d'échange intermédiaire importante en matériau très conducteur pour obtenir la condensation.Furthermore, condensing boilers are known in which there is a physical separation between water and the products of combustion. Condensation appears, due to the exceptional characteristics of the exchanger, as soon as the temperature of the boiler return water is below 50 ° C. This exchanger can be of the scroll type or consists of sheets of smooth copper tubes or provided with fins extruded in the mass. However, this type of exchanger is of high cost and particularly bulky since it involves a large intermediate exchange surface made of very conductive material to obtain condensation.
On connaît également des échangeurs pour chaudières à condensation réalisés à partir d'un faisceau de tubes longitudinaux de section allongée disposés suivant la génératrice d'un cylindre pour former une chambre de combustion intérieure cylindrique. Ces tubes de section allongée sont positionnés de telle sorte que le plan de symétrie de leur section passe par l'axe de révolution de l'échangeur cylindrique, cette disposition étant prévue pour favoriser l'écoulement laminaire des gaz de combustion dans l'intervalle de faible épaisseur ainsi réalisé entre chacun des tubes.There are also known exchangers for condensing boilers produced from a bundle of longitudinal tubes of elongated section arranged along the generatrix of a cylinder to form a cylindrical interior combustion chamber. These elongated section tubes are positioned so that the plane of symmetry of their section passes through the axis of revolution of the cylindrical exchanger, this arrangement being intended to promote the laminar flow of the combustion gases in the interval of thin thus produced between each of the tubes.
Mais du point de vue thermique, cette disposition crée un régime d'écoulement des gaz en général laminaire qui entraîne deux conséquences défavorables : d'une part le coefficient d'échange thermique par convection à l'interface gaz-paroi des tubes est relativement faible, et d'autre part le coefficient d'échange thermique sur la face aval des tubes est négligeable vis-à-vis de sa valeur sur la face amont.But from the thermal point of view, this arrangement creates a generally laminar gas flow regime which has two unfavorable consequences: on the one hand the coefficient of heat exchange by convection at the gas-wall interface of the tubes is relatively low , and on the other hand the heat exchange coefficient on the downstream face of the tubes is negligible compared to its value on the upstream face.
La présente invention permet d'éviter ces inconvénients et a pour but de réaliser un corps de chauffe-échangeur pour chaudières à condensation particulièrement simple et économique tout en créant un régime de turbulence dans l'écoulement des gaz de combustion entre les tubes longitudinaux en vue d'obtenir des coefficients d'échange thermique par convection plus élevés.The present invention makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks and aims to achieve a particularly simple and economical exchanger heater body for condensing boilers while creating a turbulence regime in the flow of combustion gases between the longitudinal tubes in view. to obtain higher convection heat exchange coefficients.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un corps de chauffe comprenant un faisceau de tubes longitudinaux à section allongée disposés suivant la génératrice d'un cylindre pour former une chambre de combustion intérieure cylindrique caractérisé par le fait que le plan médian longitudinal de chacun des tubes est incliné d'un certain angle par rapport à la direction radiale d'écoulement des gaz de combustion dans la chambre de combustion pour créer une attaque oblique de ces gaz sur lesdits tubes.To this end, the invention relates to a heating body comprising a bundle of longitudinal tubes of elongated section arranged along the generatrix of a cylinder to form a cylindrical interior combustion chamber characterized in that the longitudinal median plane of each tubes is inclined at an angle relative to the radial direction of flow of the combustion gases in the combustion chamber to create an oblique attack of these gases on said tubes.
D'autres caractéristiques particulières et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description suivante dans laquelle on se réfère aux dessins annexés qui représentent :
- figure 1 une vue schématique en coupe transversale du corps de chauffe selon l'invention,
- figure 2 une demi-vue en coupe transversale montrant l'inclinaison minimum des tubes.
- FIG. 1 a schematic cross-sectional view of the heating body according to the invention,
- Figure 2 a half cross-sectional view showing the minimum inclination of the tubes.
On a représenté sur les figures un corps de chauffe-échangeur constitué par des tubes 10 longitudinaux à section allongée uniformément répartis suivant la génératrice d'un cylindre de façon à former une chambre intérieure cylindrique2 pour l'introduction d'un brûleur3 également cylindrique.There is shown in the figures a heat exchanger body consisting of
Ces tubes 10 dans lesquels circule l'eau à réchauffer sont inclinés d'un angle a par rapport à une direction radiale AB d'écoulement des gaz de combustion dans une chambre de combustion cylindrique 2.These
L'angle d'inclinaison a des tubes est défini par l'angle compris entre le plan médian longitudinal AlB1 d'un tube et le plan AB passant par l'intersection du plan médian AlB1 du tube et de la face amont de ce tube dans le sens d'écoulement des gaz.The angle of inclination a of the tubes is defined by the angle between the longitudinal median plane A l B 1 of a tube and the plane AB passing through the intersection of the median plane A l B 1 of the tube and the upstream face of this tube in the direction of gas flow.
Cet angle d'inclinaison a des tubes 10 est par exemple voisin de 30°. Mais on utilisera un angle d'inclinaison a des tubes supérieur à un angle limite ao représenté sur la figure 2, et obtenu lorsque un plan AB' passant par l'axe de la chambre de combustion cylindrique 2 et entre deux tubes 10 voisins longitudinaux est tangent à ces deux tubes.This angle of inclination to
Cette disposition présente de nombreux avantages. Tout d'abord, elle permet d'une part de créer un régime de turbulence dans l'écoulement des gaz entre les tubes 10 malgré la faible valeur comprise entre 50 et 200 du nombre de Reynolds caractérisant cet écoulement des gaz en vue d'obtenir des coefficients de convection élevés et d'autre part d'augmenter la surface des tubes exposée au rayonnement direct des flammes de la chambre de combustion, de manière à constituer une surface d'échange thermique « optiquement fermée ». Le terme « surface optiquement fermée » signifie qu'une source lumineuse ayant pour axe l'axe de la chambre de combustion et du brûleur cylindrique n'est pas visible directement quand on regarde l'extérieur de cet échangeur donc du côté de la sortie des gaz de combustion. On peut donc apercevoir dans ce cas seulement des traces lumineuses indirectes sortant des intervalles entre les tubes engendrées par les réflexions internes et la diffusion de la source lumineuse centrale constituée par les flammes du brûleur.This arrangement has many advantages. First of all, it makes it possible on the one hand to create a turbulence regime in the flow of gases between the
De plus, cette disposition du fait de l'attaque oblique des gaz de combustion sur les tubes augmente d'une part la puissance thermique échangée par convection par la turbulence créée en amont des tubes et par suite obtenue entre tubes et d'autre part la puissance thermique échangée par rayonnement en exposant une plus grande surface des tubes au rayonnement direct des flammes de combustion du gaz.In addition, this arrangement due to the oblique attack of the combustion gases on the tubes increases on the one hand the thermal power exchanged by convection by the turbulence created upstream of the tubes and consequently obtained between tubes and on the other hand the thermal power exchanged by radiation by exposing a larger area of the tubes to direct radiation from the gas combustion flames.
Bien entendu on a envisagé l'utilisation de tubes d'eau allongés mais on pourra de la même manière utiliser des tubes ovales à section elliptique ou des tubes à section en losange, ou des tubes à section allongée (oblongue) à contours différents sur la face amont et la face aval comme par exemple des tubes à section dite en forme de quartier d'orange, ou en forme de goutte.Of course, the use of elongated water tubes has been envisaged, but it is likewise possible to use oval tubes with elliptical section or tubes with rhombic section, or tubes with elongated section (oblong) with different contours on the upstream face and the downstream face, for example tubes with a section known as an orange quarter shape, or a drop shape.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7929459A FR2487956A1 (en) | 1979-11-30 | 1979-11-30 | HEATING BODIES FOR DOMESTIC HOT WATER HEATER CENTRAL HEATING BOILERS |
| FR7929459 | 1979-11-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0030183A1 EP0030183A1 (en) | 1981-06-10 |
| EP0030183B1 true EP0030183B1 (en) | 1984-01-18 |
Family
ID=9232236
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80401656A Expired EP0030183B1 (en) | 1979-11-30 | 1980-11-19 | Heating element for gas-fired domestic hot-water central-heating boilers |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0030183B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3066208D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2487956A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008038041A1 (en) * | 2008-08-16 | 2010-02-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Heat exchanger for a heater |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1205681B (en) * | 1963-05-24 | 1965-11-25 | Max Boehm | Hot water boiler |
| FR1413466A (en) * | 1964-10-30 | 1965-10-08 | Radiation Ltd | Improvements to combustion chambers for water heaters, and to manufacturing processes for these chambers |
| GB1284642A (en) * | 1970-01-08 | 1972-08-09 | Glow Worm Ltd | Improvements relating to heat exchangers and water-heating apparatus incorporating such heat exchangers |
| GB1578663A (en) * | 1978-01-24 | 1980-11-05 | Stelrad Group Ltd | Boiler unit |
-
1979
- 1979-11-30 FR FR7929459A patent/FR2487956A1/en active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-11-19 DE DE8080401656T patent/DE3066208D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-11-19 EP EP80401656A patent/EP0030183B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2487956B3 (en) | 1982-07-23 |
| DE3066208D1 (en) | 1984-02-23 |
| EP0030183A1 (en) | 1981-06-10 |
| FR2487956A1 (en) | 1982-02-05 |
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