EP0228001B1 - Method for desalting, drying and keeping dry brickwork - Google Patents

Method for desalting, drying and keeping dry brickwork Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0228001B1
EP0228001B1 EP86117283A EP86117283A EP0228001B1 EP 0228001 B1 EP0228001 B1 EP 0228001B1 EP 86117283 A EP86117283 A EP 86117283A EP 86117283 A EP86117283 A EP 86117283A EP 0228001 B1 EP0228001 B1 EP 0228001B1
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Prior art keywords
brickwork
mortar
added
fact
accordance
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP86117283A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0228001A2 (en
EP0228001A3 (en
Inventor
Manfred Dr. Ing. Hübler
Peter Dr. Rer. Nat. Friese
Klaus Dipl.-Jur. Krüger
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Bauakademie der DDR
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Bauakademie der DDR
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Priority to AT86117283T priority Critical patent/ATE50306T1/en
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Publication of EP0228001A3 publication Critical patent/EP0228001A3/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for desalination, drainage and keeping masonry dry. This is often a necessary prerequisite for the complete renovation of old buildings in which water rises from the ground, which transports soluble salts into the masonry and accumulates in the evaporation zone.
  • this invention has the disadvantage that corrosion-resistant electrodes made of graphite or platinized titanium are used. To enable reuse, it is proposed to replace these expensive electrodes with cheaper ones after desalting, but it has been shown that the electrodes are subject to severe corrosion even after desalting. With electrodes made of iron, their volume increases many times as a result of the anodic oxidation, as a result of which the electrodes can be pressed out of the masonry and the electrokinetic permanent lock can be interrupted.
  • a disadvantage that all known electroosmotic methods for desalination of masonry have is that they are not adapted to the salt concentrations of different compositions and to the different moisture content in the masonry.
  • the aim of the invention is a method with which masonry in which water rises can be desalinated and drained in a simple manner and can be kept permanently dry.
  • the invention has for its object to find a method with which a moisture-damaged masonry with any moisture and salt content is first desalted, then drained and then kept dry without the electrodes having to be replaced and without this process due to premature drying or through the salts and iron oxides deposited on the electrode are interrupted. According to the invention, the object is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the invention is based inter alia on the knowledge that the direction of the water flow in the masonry is determined exclusively by the sign of the zeta potential. This results from the formation of a double layer of electrically charged ions at the phase boundary between solid and liquid. The charge carriers in the immediate vicinity of the solid are compensated for by ions that are in a rigid and a diffuse double layer. The potential measured at the boundary between the rigid and diffuse double layer is called the zeta potential. Its sign and size depend on the one hand on the structure and chemical composition of the solid, i.e. the masonry, and on the other hand on the properties of the adjacent liquid.
  • Negative zeta potentials are very likely to be found in brick masonry.
  • the electrodes arranged in or on the masonry are switched as an anode, the earth electrodes as cathodes.
  • additives are added to the mortar according to the invention which keep the zeta potential low and prevent premature electrokinetic outflow of the water from the anode compartment.
  • additives can be calcium or barium salts. According to the invention, this effect can be further enhanced by admixing cationic surfactants, such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, because they reverse the sign of the zeta potential and this causes a weak water flow towards the anode, which promotes desalination.
  • the salts and iron oxides that have accumulated in the anode compartments are then removed mechanically and by rinsing with water, and then the anode compartments are neutralized with a solution of barium hydroxide. If necessary, damaged mortar bridges were replaced. Then a direct voltage is again applied so that the electrodes now act as a permanent electrokinetic barrier against rising moisture.
  • the rest is half calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide.
  • liquid-impermeable channels are arranged between the mortar bridges, which drain the dripping salt solutions to the outside.
  • desalination which is indicated by a decrease in the current intensity to a constant value
  • the salts and iron oxides that have accumulated in the anode compartment are removed after the voltage source has been disconnected, and then the anode compartment is neutralized with a solution of barium hydroxide. Then a direct voltage is applied again in order to prevent the water from rising again by means of an electrokinetic permanent lock.
  • a DC voltage of 50 V was applied for desalination and a DC voltage of 10 V for establishing the permanent electrokinetic barrier.

Abstract

1. Method for desalting, drying and keeping dry brickwork using iron electrodes positioned in or on the brickwork and connected by means of mortar bridges with the brickwork and subjected to a direct voltage, characterised by the fact that to the mortar is added, in accordance with the measured moisture and salt content of the brickwork, barium salts, cation-active surfactants and/or graphite powder, after the desalting the soluble salts and iron oxides deposited in the space between the brickwork and the electrodes are removed mechanically by rinsing with water and that the space is neutralised with a solution of barium hydroxide before the application of a direct voltage sufficient for the creation of a permanent electrokinetic barrier.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Entsalzung, Trockenlegung und Trockenhaltung von Mauerwerk. Dies ist oft eine notwendige Voraussetzung zur vollständigen Sanierung von Altbauten, in denen aus dem Boden Wasser aufsteigt, das lösliche Salze ins Mauerwerk transportiert und in der Verdunstungszone anreichert.The invention relates to a method for desalination, drainage and keeping masonry dry. This is often a necessary prerequisite for the complete renovation of old buildings in which water rises from the ground, which transports soluble salts into the masonry and accumulates in the evaporation zone.

Es ist oft versucht worden, feuchtes Mauerwerk mit elektroosmotischem Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zu trocknen. Das erfolgte mit wechselndem Erfolg, so daß die Anwendung dieser Verfahren und Vorrichtungen in der Fachliteratur bis heute umstritten ist. Eine Ursache hierfür wird darin gesehen, daß nach Anwendung elektroosmotischer Verfahren und Vorrichtungen die bauschädlichen und teilweise stark hygroskopischen Salze im Mauerwerk verbleiben. Diese bewirken eine hygroskopische Restfeuchte, die bei hohen Salzkonzentrationen bis 8 % betragen kann, und begünstigen das erneute Aufsteigen des Wassers im Mauerwerk. In der DD-PS 200 398 wird, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, vorgeschlagen, die aktive elektroosmotische Trocknung mit einer vorhergehenden Entsalzung des Mauerwerks zu verbinden. Diese Erfindung hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß korrosionsfeste Elektroden aus Graphit oder platiniertem Titan eingesetzt werden. Um deren Wiederverwendung zu ermöglichen, wird vorgeschlagen, diese teuren Elektroden nach der Entsalzung durch billigere zu ersetzen, doch hat sich gezeigt, daß die Elektroden auch nach der Entsalzung einer starken Korrosion unterliegen. Bei Elektroden aus Eisen vergrößert sich ihr Volumen infolge der anodischen Oxidation um ein Vielfaches, wodurch die Elektroden aus dem Mauerwerk gedrückt und die elektrokinetische Dauersperre unterbrochen werden kann. Ein Nachteil, den alle bekannten elektroosmotischen Verfahren zur Entsalzung von Mauerwerk aufweisen, besteht darin, daß sie nicht an die Salzkonzentrationen unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung und an den unterschiedlichen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt im Mauerwerk angepaßt sind. Bei den in DE-A-3 430 449, DE-A-3 430 350 und in Bauphysik, Heft 4/ 1985, Seiten 105 ff, veröffentlichten Verfahren und Elektrodenanordnungen zur elektrochemischen Entsalzung und Trockenlegung von Mauerwerk werden Elektroden aus Eisen mit den o.g. Nachteilen eingesetzt, die mit einem Mörtel mit dem Mauerwerk verbunden werden, der einen hohen Anteil an Calciumhydroxid und Calciumkarbonat aufweist. Durch sie lassen sich nur anodisch gebildete Chloridhydrate aus dem Mauerwerk austragen. Die im Mauerwerk auch anzutreffenden löslichen Sulfate werden nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Diese Sulfationen werden wie die Chloridionen an der Anode angereichert und können in größeren Mengen den Entsalzungsprozeß stören. Eine Anpassung an den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt im Mauerwerk ist erwünscht, um zu verhindern, daß das Mauerwerk vor Beendigung des Entsalzungsprozesses austrocknet und den Entsalzungsprozeß unterbricht.Attempts have often been made to dry damp masonry using electroosmotic methods and devices. This was done with varying degrees of success, so that the use of these methods and devices in the specialist literature is still controversial. One reason for this is seen in the fact that after the use of electroosmotic processes and devices, the building-damaging and sometimes highly hygroscopic salts remain in the masonry. These create a hygroscopic residual moisture, which can be up to 8% at high salt concentrations, and encourage the water to rise again in the masonry. In DD-PS 200 398, according to the preamble of claim 1, it is proposed to combine the active electroosmotic drying with a previous desalination of the masonry. However, this invention has the disadvantage that corrosion-resistant electrodes made of graphite or platinized titanium are used. To enable reuse, it is proposed to replace these expensive electrodes with cheaper ones after desalting, but it has been shown that the electrodes are subject to severe corrosion even after desalting. With electrodes made of iron, their volume increases many times as a result of the anodic oxidation, as a result of which the electrodes can be pressed out of the masonry and the electrokinetic permanent lock can be interrupted. A disadvantage that all known electroosmotic methods for desalination of masonry have is that they are not adapted to the salt concentrations of different compositions and to the different moisture content in the masonry. In the processes and electrode arrangements for electrochemical desalination and drainage of masonry published in DE-A-3 430 449, DE-A-3 430 350 and in building physics, issue 4/1985, pages 105 ff, electrodes made of iron with the above-mentioned. Disadvantages used that are connected to the masonry with a mortar that has a high proportion of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. Only anodic chloride hydrates can be removed from the masonry. The soluble sulfates also found in masonry are not sufficiently taken into account. These sulfate ions, like the chloride ions, accumulate on the anode and can interfere with the desalination process in large quantities. Adaptation to the moisture content in the masonry is desirable in order to prevent the masonry from drying out and interrupting the desalination process before the end of the desalination process.

Ziel der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren, mit dem ein Mauerwerk, in dem Wasser aufsteigt, auf einfache Weise entsalzt und trockengelegt und dauerhaft trockengehalten werden kann.The aim of the invention is a method with which masonry in which water rises can be desalinated and drained in a simple manner and can be kept permanently dry.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu finden, mit dem ein nässegeschädigtes Mauerwerk mit beliebigem Feuchtigkeits-und Salzgehalt erst entsalzt, dann trockengelegt und anschließend trockengehalten wird, ohne daß die Elektroden ausgewechselt werden müssen und ohne daß dieser Prozeß durch vorzeitige Austrocknung oder durch die sich an der Elektrode abgelagerten Salze und Eisenoxide unterbrochen wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe gelöst, gemäß dem Kennzeichen des Anpruchs 1.The invention has for its object to find a method with which a moisture-damaged masonry with any moisture and salt content is first desalted, then drained and then kept dry without the electrodes having to be replaced and without this process due to premature drying or through the salts and iron oxides deposited on the electrode are interrupted. According to the invention, the object is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die Erfindung geht unter anderem von der Erkenntnis aus, daß die Richtung der Wasserströmung im Mauerwerk ausschließlich durch das Vorzeichen des Zeta-Potentiales bestimmt wird. Dieses resultiert aus der Ausbildung einer Doppelschicht elektrisch geladener Ionen an der Phasengrenze Festkörper zur Flüssigkeit. Die Ladungsträger in unmittelbarer Nähe des Festkörpers werden durch Ionen kompensiert, die sich in einer starren und in einer diffusen Doppelschicht befinden. Das an der Grenze zwischen starrer und diffuser Doppelschicht gemessene Potential wird Zeta-Potential genannt. Sein Vorzeichen und seine Größe sind einerseits von der Struktur und der chemischen Zusammensetzung des Festkörpers, also des Mauerwerks, abhängig und andererseits von den Eigenschaften der angrenzenden Flüssigkeit. Bei einem negativen Zeta-Potential bewegt sich die Flüssigkeit in Richtung Kathode, ein positives Zeta-Potential bewirkt eine Flüssigkeitsbewegung in Richtung Anode. Im Ziegelmauerwerk kommen mit großer Sicherheit negative Zeta-Potentiale vor. Die im oder am Mauerwerk angeordneten Elektroden werden in diesem Falle als Anode geschaltet, die Erdelektroden als Kathoden.The invention is based inter alia on the knowledge that the direction of the water flow in the masonry is determined exclusively by the sign of the zeta potential. This results from the formation of a double layer of electrically charged ions at the phase boundary between solid and liquid. The charge carriers in the immediate vicinity of the solid are compensated for by ions that are in a rigid and a diffuse double layer. The potential measured at the boundary between the rigid and diffuse double layer is called the zeta potential. Its sign and size depend on the one hand on the structure and chemical composition of the solid, i.e. the masonry, and on the other hand on the properties of the adjacent liquid. With a negative zeta potential, the liquid moves in the direction of the cathode, a positive zeta potential causes a liquid movement in the direction of the anode. Negative zeta potentials are very likely to be found in brick masonry. In this case, the electrodes arranged in or on the masonry are switched as an anode, the earth electrodes as cathodes.

Bei einem geringen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von weniger als 8 % im Mauerwerk besteht die Gefahr, daß das Mauerwerk an der Anode vor Abschluß der Entsalzung austrocknet. Aus diesem Grunde werden dem Mörtel erfindungsgemäß Zusätze beigemischt, die das Zeta-Potential klein halten und ein vorzeitiges elektrokinetisches Abströmen des Wassers aus dem Anodenraum verhindern. Diese Zusätze können Calcium- oder Bariumsalze sein. Dieser Effekt kann erfindungsgemäß durch Beimischung kationenaktiver Tenside, wie Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromid, noch verstärkt werden, denn durch sie wird das Vorzeichen des Zeta-Potentials umgekehrt und dies verursacht eine schwache Wasserströmung in Richtung Anode, wodurch die Entsalzung gefördert wird.If the masonry has a low moisture content of less than 8%, there is a risk that the masonry at the anode will dry out before the desalination is completed. For this reason, additives are added to the mortar according to the invention which keep the zeta potential low and prevent premature electrokinetic outflow of the water from the anode compartment. These additives can be calcium or barium salts. According to the invention, this effect can be further enhanced by admixing cationic surfactants, such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, because they reverse the sign of the zeta potential and this causes a weak water flow towards the anode, which promotes desalination.

Bei einem hohen Chloridgehalt des Mauerwerks wird dem Mörtel erfindungsgemäß Graphidpulver beigemischt, in dessen Anwesenheit Chloridionen zu elementarem Chlor entladen werden. Enthält das feuchte Mauerwerk einen 3 hohen Anteil Sulfate, so wird dem Mörtel erfindungsgemäß, ein hoher Anteil von Bariumkarbonat oder Barytocalcid beigegeben, die die Sulfationen als schwerlösliches Bariumsulfat binden. Die über die Mörtelbrücken mit dem Mauerwerk verbundenen Elektroden werden untereinander elektrisch leitend verbunden, und gegen ein System von Erderstäben wird unter Bsachtung des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes eine möglichst hohe Gleichspannung angelegte. Diese wird so lange aufrechterhalten, bis die Stromstärke auf einen konstanten Grenzwert abgesunken ist und damit anzeigt, daß die Entsalzung abgeschlossen ist. Anschließend werden die sich in den Anodenräumen angesammelten Salze und Eisenoxide mechanisch und durch Ausspülen mit Wasser entfernt, sodann werden die Anodenräume mit einer Lösung aus Bariumhydroxid neutralisiert. Erforderlichenfalls worden dabei beschädigte Mörtelbrücken erneuert. Anschließend wird wieder eine Gleichspannung angelegt, so daß die Elektroden nun als elektrokinetische Dauersperre gegen aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit wirken.If the masonry has a high chloride content, graphite powder is added to the mortar according to the invention, in the presence of which chloride ions are discharged to elemental chlorine. Does the damp masonry contain one 3 High proportion of sulfates, a high proportion of barium carbonate or barytocalcide is added to the mortar according to the invention, which bind the sulfate ions as barely soluble barium sulfate. The electrodes connected to the masonry via the mortar bridges are connected to each other in an electrically conductive manner, and the highest possible DC voltage is applied to a system of earth rods, taking into account occupational health and safety. This is maintained until the current has dropped to a constant limit, indicating that desalination is complete. The salts and iron oxides that have accumulated in the anode compartments are then removed mechanically and by rinsing with water, and then the anode compartments are neutralized with a solution of barium hydroxide. If necessary, damaged mortar bridges were replaced. Then a direct voltage is again applied so that the electrodes now act as a permanent electrokinetic barrier against rising moisture.

Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an einigen Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert werden: Es soll ein Gebäude gegen aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit saniert werden, dessen Mauerwerk weniger als 8 % Wasser, 1 x 10-4 Mol/g Chlorid und wenig Sulfat enthält. In der Verdunstungszone werden in das Mauerwerk zur Aufnahme der zylindrischen Elektroden in Abständen von etwa 40 cm Aussparungen eingebracht, deren Volumen etwa 5 mal größer ist als das der Elektroden aus Eisen. Die Elektroden werden in den Aussparungen durch zwei Mörtelbrücken folgender Zusammensetzungen in Masseprozent abgestützt:

  • 0,5 % Calciumchlorid
  • 40 % Graphitpulver
The invention will be explained hereinafter with reference to some embodiments: It is a building to be renovated against rising damp, the masonry less than 8% water, 1 x 10- 4 mol / g chloride and contains little sulfate. In the evaporation zone, recesses are made in the masonry for receiving the cylindrical electrodes at intervals of about 40 cm, the volume of which is about 5 times larger than that of the iron electrodes. The electrodes are supported in the recesses by two mortar bridges of the following compositions in percent by mass:
  • 0.5% calcium chloride
  • 40% graphite powder

der Rest ist zur Hälfte Calciumcarbonat und Calciumhydroxid. Unter den Elektroden sind zwischen den Mörtelbrücken flüssigkeitsundurchlässige Rinnen angeordnet, welche die abtropfenden Salzlösungen nach außen abführen. Nach der Entsalzung, die durch ein Absinken der Stromstärke auf einen konstanten Wert angezeigt wird, werden nach Abklemmung der Spannungsquelle die sich im Anodenraum angesammelten Salze und Eisenoxide entfernt, und dann wird der Anodenraum mit einer Lösung aus Bariumhydroxid neutralisiert. Danach wird wieder eine Gleichspannung angelegt, um durch eine elektrokinetische Dauersperre ein Wiederansteigen des Wassers zu verhindern.the rest is half calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide. Under the electrodes, liquid-impermeable channels are arranged between the mortar bridges, which drain the dripping salt solutions to the outside. After desalination, which is indicated by a decrease in the current intensity to a constant value, the salts and iron oxides that have accumulated in the anode compartment are removed after the voltage source has been disconnected, and then the anode compartment is neutralized with a solution of barium hydroxide. Then a direct voltage is applied again in order to prevent the water from rising again by means of an electrokinetic permanent lock.

Enthält das Mauerwerk 5 bis 8 % Wasser, 5 x 10-5 Mol/g Chlorid und 5 x 10-5 MoVg lösliche Sulfate, so wird folgende Mörtelzusammensetzung in Masseprozent gewählt:

  • 1 % Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromid
  • 20 % Graphitpulver

der Rest je zur Hälfte Bariumkarbonat und Weißkalk. 4If the masonry contains 5 to 8% water, 5 x 10 -5 mol / g chloride and 5 x 10 -5 MoVg soluble sulfates, the following mortar composition is selected in percent by mass:
  • 1% cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
  • 20% graphite powder

the rest half of barium carbonate and half of white lime. 4th

Bei einem Mauerwerk mit 15 % Wasser, 4 x 10'6 Mol/g Chlorid und 1 x 10-4 Mol/g lösliches Sulfat wird Mörtel aus

  • 10% Weißkalk und
  • 90 % Bariumkarbonat
In masonry with 15% water, 4 x 10 ' 6 mol / g chloride and 1 x 10 -4 mol / g soluble sulfate, mortar is made
  • 10% white lime and
  • 90% barium carbonate

zusammengesetzt.composed.

Bei diesen Ausführungsbeispielen wurde zur Entsalzung eine Gleichspannung von 50 V und zur Errichtung der elektrokinetischen Dauersperre eine Gleichspannung von 10 V angelegt.In these exemplary embodiments, a DC voltage of 50 V was applied for desalination and a DC voltage of 10 V for establishing the permanent electrokinetic barrier.

Claims (5)

1. Method for desalting, drying and keeping dry brickwork using iron electrodes positioned in or on the brickwork and connected by means of mortar bridges with the brickwork and subjected to a direct voltage, characterised by the fact that to the mortar is added, in accordance with the measured moisture and salt content of the brickwork, barium salts, cation-active surfactants and/or graphite powder, after the desalting the soluble salts and iron oxides deposited in the space between the brickwork and the electrodes are removed mechanically by rinsing with water and that the space is neutralised with a solution of barium hydroxide before the application of a direct voltage sufficient for the creation of a permanent electrokinetic barrier.
2. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterised by the fact that in the case of a moisture content of less than 8 % in the brickwork up to 1 % by mass of barium salts and calcium salts are added to the mortar.
3. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterised by the fact that in the case of a moisture content of less than 5 % in the brickwork up to 1 % by mass of a cationactive surfactant, such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, is added to the mortar.
4. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterised by the fact that in the case of a chloride content of about 5 x 10-5 Mol/g in the brickwork up to 80 % by mass of graphite powder is added to the mortar.
5. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterised by the fact that in the case of a high sulphate content of about 5 x 10'5 Mol/g in the brickwork up to 40 % by mass of barium carbonate or baryta calcide is added to the mortar.
EP86117283A 1985-12-30 1986-12-11 Method for desalting, drying and keeping dry brickwork Expired - Lifetime EP0228001B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86117283T ATE50306T1 (en) 1985-12-30 1986-12-11 PROCESSES FOR DESALINATION, DRAINING AND MAINTENANCE OF MASONRY.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD85285727A DD246334B1 (en) 1985-12-30 1985-12-30 METHOD FOR THE DESALINATION, DRYING AND DRY-HOLDING OF MAUERWERK
DD285727 1985-12-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0228001A2 EP0228001A2 (en) 1987-07-08
EP0228001A3 EP0228001A3 (en) 1987-08-26
EP0228001B1 true EP0228001B1 (en) 1990-02-07

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ID=5575503

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86117283A Expired - Lifetime EP0228001B1 (en) 1985-12-30 1986-12-11 Method for desalting, drying and keeping dry brickwork

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP0228001B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE50306T1 (en)
DD (1) DD246334B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3668932D1 (en)
GR (1) GR3000149T3 (en)
HU (1) HUT49182A (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO171606C (en) * 1988-01-04 1993-04-14 John B Miller PROCEDURE FOR AA STANSE ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTIONS IN CONCRETE O.L., AND A DEAL FOR AA TO IMPLEMENT THIS PROCEDURE
DE4102612A1 (en) * 1991-01-25 1991-12-12 Peter Dr Friese METHOD FOR THE DESALINATION OF MASONRY AND OTHER POROUS BODIES BY CONVECTIVE WATER TRANSPORT THROUGH THE POROUS MEDIUM
WO1993025773A1 (en) * 1992-06-15 1993-12-23 Ortlieb, Mathieu Process and device for the elimination of humidity in the walls of a building
FR2736075B1 (en) * 1995-06-30 1997-08-29 Stumpp Bernard METHOD FOR DEWATERING AND CONSOLIDATION OF WALLS OR THE LIKE, DEVICE AND BATCH FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856646A (en) * 1967-09-19 1974-12-24 D Morarau Methods and electrodes for the drying of damp buildings
DD231236A3 (en) * 1983-10-04 1985-12-24 Bauakademie Ddr APPARATUS FOR DRYING NAZELY EMERGING MACHINERY
DD234997A3 (en) * 1983-10-04 1986-04-23 Adw Ddr ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DESALINATION AND DRYING OF MACHINERY

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DD246334B1 (en) 1989-09-20
EP0228001A2 (en) 1987-07-08
DD246334A1 (en) 1987-06-03
HUT49182A (en) 1989-08-28
GR3000149T3 (en) 1991-03-15
DE3668932D1 (en) 1990-03-15
ATE50306T1 (en) 1990-02-15
EP0228001A3 (en) 1987-08-26

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