EP0225467A2 - Burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuels - Google Patents

Burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0225467A2
EP0225467A2 EP86115025A EP86115025A EP0225467A2 EP 0225467 A2 EP0225467 A2 EP 0225467A2 EP 86115025 A EP86115025 A EP 86115025A EP 86115025 A EP86115025 A EP 86115025A EP 0225467 A2 EP0225467 A2 EP 0225467A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
primary air
burner
burner according
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86115025A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0225467A3 (en
EP0225467B1 (en
Inventor
Hermann-Josef Janssen
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Ingenieurbureau Sonvico AG
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Ingenieurbureau Sonvico AG
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Publication of EP0225467A2 publication Critical patent/EP0225467A2/en
Publication of EP0225467A3 publication Critical patent/EP0225467A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/008—Flow control devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for liquid and / or gaseous fuels, with a fuel lance and with lines for primary air and secondary air.
  • the aim is to create a burner of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which the aforementioned second and third measures can be improved.
  • the burner according to the invention is characterized by a coaxial cylinder lying outside the burner lance for guiding the primary air, several pipes lying radially outside the cylinder for guiding the secondary air, which pipes are evenly distributed over the circumference of the cylinder and are arranged at a distance from one another, the orifices of the pipes the Exceed the cylinder mouth in the flow direction of primary and secondary air, the pitch circle diameter of the pipes still being greater than 1.2 times the cylinder diameter, with pipe jackets that surround the pipe ends at a distance.
  • the burner shown in Fig. 1 has a fuel lance 1 and lines 2-4 for primary air and secondary air.
  • One of these lines is designed as a cylinder 4, which is coaxial to the burner lance 1 and outside of it.
  • the cylinder 4 serves to guide the primary air.
  • Another part of the lines mentioned is in the form of tubes 3, which are located radially outside the cylinder 4 and are used to guide the secondary air. It is not apparent from the drawings that these tubes 3 lie on an annular path. This ring path is coaxial to cylinder 4 and outside of it.
  • the tubes 3 are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the ring track and are spaced apart. It can also be seen from FIG.
  • the orifices 5 of the tubes 3 protrude beyond the cylinder orifice 6 in the flow direction of the primary and secondary air.
  • the primary air flowing in the burner is indicated by arrows 7, 8 and 9.
  • the secondary air flowing in the burner is indicated by an arrow 10.
  • the pitch circle diameter of the above-mentioned ring path on which the tubes 3 lie is greater than 1.2 times the diameter of the cylinder 4.
  • the ends 11 of the tubes 3 lying at the orifices 5 are surrounded by tube jackets 12 which are at a radial distance from one another the pipe ends 11 are.
  • the burner shown in Fig. 1 has an air inlet port 13.
  • the incoming air gives the primary and secondary air; a subdivision is only made after the inlet connection 13.
  • In the inlet connection 13 there is a throttle 14 for regulating all the air forming the primary air and secondary air.
  • the cylinder 4 is surrounded by a control tube 15 which is axially displaceable on the cylinder 4 via an actuating rod 16.
  • the components 15-17 thus represent an adjusting device for regulating the primary air.
  • the primary air flowing in the direction of arrow 7 is conducted differently in cylinder 4.
  • Part of the primary air flows in the direction of arrow 8 through swirl vanes 19, through which the primary air passing through is set in rotation.
  • Another part of the primary air flows in a straight line through the cylinder 4 in the direction of the arrow 9.
  • the swirl vanes 19 are present in an air guide 20 known per se.
  • the fuel lance 1 has a mouth 21. It is known to adjust the air guide 20 axially relative to the mouth 21 of the fuel lance 1; the adjustment device available for this is not shown.
  • the burner shown in Fig. 1 has no adjustment device for regulating the secondary air.
  • liquid fuel is burned, it will fed to the burner only via the burner lance 1.
  • gaseous fuel is burned, it is also passed over a fuel lance 1, but additionally over a nozzle assembly 22, of which only one line is shown in FIG. 1. All lines of the nozzle assembly 22 lie on an annular path which is concentric with the fuel lance 1. This arrangement of the nozzle assembly 22 is also known.
  • the liquid or gaseous fuel emerges from the fuel lance 1 in the direction of spray jets 24.
  • the secondary air emerging from the tubes 3 flows out of the tube mouth 5 in the direction of a jet 25 at a much higher speed than the primary air emerging from the cylinder 4 at the mouth.
  • this burner according to FIG. 2 also has tubes 3 ′ lying on an annular path for guiding the secondary air in the direction of arrow 10.
  • a separate inlet connection piece 26 is used to supply the secondary air to the burner.
  • a throttle 27 for regulating the amount of secondary air.
  • For feeding the primary air to the burner is served by an inlet connection 28.
  • the burner has a cylinder 4 ', to which a cone 29 is connected upstream.
  • the cylinder 4 ' serves to guide the primary air.
  • Coaxially and inside the cylinder 4 ' is a channel 30 which is coaxial with the burner lance 1' and outside of it.
  • the primary air flowing in via the inlet connection 28 is divided into a first primary air flow 31 in the channel 30 and a second primary air flow 32 in the cylinder 4 '.
  • the second primary air flow 32 flows partially through the swirl vane 19 'and is thereby set in rotation. Another part of this second primary air flow, however, flows in the direction of an arrow 33 straight to the mouth 6 'of the cylinder 4'.
  • the first primary air flow 31 in the channel 30 likewise flows partially through the swirl vane 19 ', whereas another part of the first primary air flow flows unhindered towards the mouth 6' in the direction of an arrow 34.
  • the first primary air flow 31 flowing in the channel 30 can be regulated with the aid of an axially displaceable adjusting device 35 and 36 be lated.
  • the burner according to FIG. 2 in turn has a plurality of lines 22 ′ of a nozzle assembly lying on an annular path.
  • a flame contour 41 is shown in dash-dot lines in the burner according to FIG.
  • the flame root lies in the area of the mouth 21 'of the fuel lance 1'.
  • the aim is to make the flame temperature even over the entire flame area (from the flame root to the end of the flame). It would be ideal if the temperature did not rise above 1300 ° over the entire flame area, since the NO x from the atmospheric nitrogen only occurs above this temperature.
  • the tube ends 11 ' are each surrounded by a coaxial tube jacket 12'.
  • the pipe jackets 12 ' are at a distance from the cylinder mouth 6'. Since, as mentioned, the secondary air emerging from the tube ends 11 'flows at a much higher speed than the primary air emerging at the mouth 6' in the direction of the flame, the secondary air flows lying on an annular path and emerging from the tube ends 11 'act as a jet pump for the Flame contour 41 surrounding flue gas in space 43, which is thereby recirculated in the direction of arrows 44 and which is applied to the flame contour 41 as an inert gas jacket 45. Due to this inert flue gas jacket 45, the secondary air jacket 46 arrives at the flame with a delay, so that the desired delayed combustion takes place.
  • each pipe end 11 or 11 ' is surrounded by a pipe jacket 12 or 12' which is provided as a pipe section.
  • a pipe jacket 12 or 12' which is provided as a pipe section.
  • the embodiment shown, in which each tube end is surrounded by a tube jacket at a distance, is preferred, however, since this embodiment allows a higher heat resistance to be expected.
  • the burner according to Fig. 2 can e.g. are operated so that the primary air at a temperature of e.g. 300 ° is entered, whereas 26 secondary air is entered via the nozzle.
  • the first primary air flow 31 flowing in the channel 30 can be in the order of magnitude of 10-20% of the total combustion air.
  • the second primary air stream flowing in the cylinder 4 ' can be of the order of magnitude of 20-50% of the total combustion air.
  • the secondary air entering through the nozzle 26 can be in the range of 30-40% of the total combustion air.
  • the burner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be referred to as a step burner in which, due to the staged combustion air supply to the flame, delayed combustion with low combustion temperature occurs.
  • This measure of the gradual supply of combustion air to the flame and the possible addition of external flue gas via the connector 38 to the secondary air and the suction of internal flue gas, i.e. the flue gas surrounding the flame, and supply of this flue gas as a protective jacket to the flame ensures that the NO x content is substantially reduced when burning liquid and / or gaseous fuels.
  • liquid and gaseous fuel can also be burned at the same time.

Abstract

1. Burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuel with a fuel lance (1, 1') with a cylinder (4, 4'), which concentrically surrounds the fuel lance (1, 1'), for the conduction of primary air and with several guides for secondary air, which are arranged radially outside the cylinder (4, 4') and distributed uniformly and at a spacing one from the other on a pitch circle, the diameter of which is greater than 1.2 times the diameter of the cylinder (4, 4'), and which by their mouths (5) project beyond the mouth (6, 6') of the cylinder (4, 4') in flow direction of primary air and secondary air, characterised 10 thereby, that the guides are constructed as tubes (3, 3'), the tube ends (11, 11') of which are surrounded at a radial spacing by the jackets (12, 12') projecting beyond the mouths (5) in axial direction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brenner für flüssige und/oder gasförmige Brennstoffe, mit einer Brennstoff­lanze sowie mit Leitungen für Primärluft und Sekundärluft.The invention relates to a burner for liquid and / or gaseous fuels, with a fuel lance and with lines for primary air and secondary air.

Bei solchen Brennern besteht immer mehr die Forderung, das bei der Verbrennung möglichst wenig NOx entsteht. Die hierzu zu treffenden Vorkehrungen sind im wesentlichen be­kannt und betreffen zum Beispiel eine Herabsetzung der Verbrennungslufttemperatur, eine Rauchgasrezirkulierung, eine Verzögerung der Verbrennung in der Flammenwurzel und eine NOx-Abscheidung aus den Rauchgasen.With such burners, there is an increasing demand that as little NO x is generated during combustion. The precautions to be taken for this are essentially known and relate, for example, to a reduction in the combustion air temperature, a flue gas recirculation, a delay in combustion in the flame root and NO x separation from the flue gases.

Es wird die Schaffung eines Brenners eingangs er­wähnter Art bezweckt, bei dem die vorerwähnte zweitgenann­te und drittgenannte Massnahme verbessert werden können.The aim is to create a burner of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which the aforementioned second and third measures can be improved.

Der erfindungsgemässe Brenner ist gekennzeichnet durch einen koaxialen und ausserhalb der Brennerlanze lie­genden Zylinder zum Führen der Primärluft, mehrere radial ausserhalb des Zylinders liegende Rohre zum Führen der Se­kundärluft, welche Rohre über den Umfang des Zylinders gleichmässig verteilt, im Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind, wobei die Mündungen der Rohre die Zylindermündung in Strömungsrichtung von Primär- und Se­kundärluft überragen, wobei weiterhin der Teilkreisdurch­messer der Rohre grösser als das 1,2-fache des Zylinder­durchmessers beträgt, mit Rohrmänteln, die die Rohrenden im Abstand umgeben.The burner according to the invention is characterized by a coaxial cylinder lying outside the burner lance for guiding the primary air, several pipes lying radially outside the cylinder for guiding the secondary air, which pipes are evenly distributed over the circumference of the cylinder and are arranged at a distance from one another, the orifices of the pipes the Exceed the cylinder mouth in the flow direction of primary and secondary air, the pitch circle diameter of the pipes still being greater than 1.2 times the cylinder diameter, with pipe jackets that surround the pipe ends at a distance.

In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstandes dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Brenners im Längsschnitt, und
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines weiter ausgebildeten Brenners im Längsschnitt.
Two exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a burner in longitudinal section, and
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a further trained burner in longitudinal section.

Bei den dargestellten Brennern sind nur solche Bauteile gezeigt, die zum Verständnis des Erfindungsge­genstandes notwendig sind. Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Brenner hat eine Brennstofflanze 1 sowie Leitungen 2-4 für Primär­luft und Sekundärluft. Eine dieser Leitungen ist als Zy­linder 4 ausgebildet, der koaxial zur Brennerlanze 1 und ausserhalb dieser liegt. Der Zylinder 4 dient zum Führen der Primärluft. Ein anderer Teil der erwähnten Leitungen liegt als Rohre 3 vor, die radial ausserhalb des Zylin­ders 4 liegen und zum Führen der Sekundärluft dienen. Aus den Zeichnungen nicht ersichtlich ist, dass diese Rohre 3 auf einer Ringbahn liegen. Diese Ringbahn liegt koaxial zum Zylinder 4 und ausserhalb von diesem. Die Rohre 3 sind über den Umfang der Ringbahn gleichmässig verteilt ange­ordnet und liegen im Abstand voneinander. Aus Figur 1 ist auch ersichtlich, dass die Rohre 3 gleichgerichtet zum Zylinder 4 verlaufen. Die Mündungen 5 der Rohre 3 über­ragen die Zylindermündung 6 in Strömungsrichtung der Pri­mär- und Sekundärluft. Die im Brenner strömende Primärluft ist mit Pfeilen 7,8 und 9 bezeichnet. Die im Brenner strö­mende Sekundärluft ist mit einem Pfeil 10 bezeichnet. Der Teilkreisdurchmesser der vorerwähnten Ringbahn, auf der die Rohre 3 liegen, ist grösser als das 1,2-fache des Durchmessers vom Zylinder 4. Die bei den Mündungen 5 lie­genden Enden 11 der Rohre 3 sind von Rohrmänteln 12 umge­ben, die im radialen Abstand zu den Rohrenden 11 liegen.In the burners shown, only those components are shown which are necessary for understanding the subject matter of the invention. The burner shown in Fig. 1 has a fuel lance 1 and lines 2-4 for primary air and secondary air. One of these lines is designed as a cylinder 4, which is coaxial to the burner lance 1 and outside of it. The cylinder 4 serves to guide the primary air. Another part of the lines mentioned is in the form of tubes 3, which are located radially outside the cylinder 4 and are used to guide the secondary air. It is not apparent from the drawings that these tubes 3 lie on an annular path. This ring path is coaxial to cylinder 4 and outside of it. The tubes 3 are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the ring track and are spaced apart. It can also be seen from FIG. 1 that the tubes 3 run in the same direction as the cylinder 4. The orifices 5 of the tubes 3 protrude beyond the cylinder orifice 6 in the flow direction of the primary and secondary air. The primary air flowing in the burner is indicated by arrows 7, 8 and 9. The secondary air flowing in the burner is indicated by an arrow 10. The pitch circle diameter of the above-mentioned ring path on which the tubes 3 lie is greater than 1.2 times the diameter of the cylinder 4. The ends 11 of the tubes 3 lying at the orifices 5 are surrounded by tube jackets 12 which are at a radial distance from one another the pipe ends 11 are.

Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Brenner hat einen Luft-Ein­lassstutzen 13. Die eintretende Luft ergibt die Primär­und Sekundärluft; eine Unterteilung wird erst nach dem Einlassstutzen 13 vorgenommen. Im Einlassstutzen 13 be­findet sich eine Drossel 14 zum Regulieren der gesamten die Primärluft und Sekundärluft bildenden Luft. Der Zylin­der 4 ist von einem Steuerrohr 15 umgeben, das über eine Betätigungsstange 16 auf dem Zylinder 4 axial verschieb­bar ist. Hierdurch wird der Zwischenraum zwischen der Stirnfläche 17 des Steuerrohres 15 und der Wandung 18 des Brenners verändert und somit der Eintrittsquerschnitt für den Primärluftstrom in Pfeilrichtung 7. Die Bauteile 15-17 stellen somit eine Verstelleinrichtung zum Regulieren der Primärluft dar.The burner shown in Fig. 1 has an air inlet port 13. The incoming air gives the primary and secondary air; a subdivision is only made after the inlet connection 13. In the inlet connection 13 there is a throttle 14 for regulating all the air forming the primary air and secondary air. The cylinder 4 is surrounded by a control tube 15 which is axially displaceable on the cylinder 4 via an actuating rod 16. As a result, the space between the The end face 17 of the control tube 15 and the wall 18 of the burner changed, and thus the inlet cross section for the primary air flow in the direction of the arrow 7. The components 15-17 thus represent an adjusting device for regulating the primary air.

Die in Richtung des Pfeiles 7 strömenade Primärluft wird im Zylinder 4 verschieden geleitet. Ein Teil der Primärluft strömt in Richtung des Pfeiles 8 durch Drall­schaufeln 19, durch die die hindurchtretende Primärluft in Rotation versetzt wird. Ein anderer Teil der Primärluft strömt in Richtung des Pfeiles 9 geradlinig durch den Zylinder 4. Die Drallschaufeln 19 sind bei einem an sich bekannten Luftleitkörper 20 vorhanden. Die Brennstofflanze 1 hat eine Mündung 21. Es ist bekannt, den Luftleitkörper 20 axial gegenüber der Mündung 21 der Brennstofflanze 1 zu verstellen; die hierfür vorhandene Verstelleinrichtung ist nicht dargestellt. Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Brenner hat keine Verstelleinrichtung zum Regulieren der Sekundärluft. Durch die beiden Verstelleinrichtungen 14 und 15-17 kann aber zusätzlich zum Regulieren der Primärluftmenge auch die Menge der Primärluft zur Menge der Sekundärluft regu­liert werden.The primary air flowing in the direction of arrow 7 is conducted differently in cylinder 4. Part of the primary air flows in the direction of arrow 8 through swirl vanes 19, through which the primary air passing through is set in rotation. Another part of the primary air flows in a straight line through the cylinder 4 in the direction of the arrow 9. The swirl vanes 19 are present in an air guide 20 known per se. The fuel lance 1 has a mouth 21. It is known to adjust the air guide 20 axially relative to the mouth 21 of the fuel lance 1; the adjustment device available for this is not shown. The burner shown in Fig. 1 has no adjustment device for regulating the secondary air. By means of the two adjusting devices 14 and 15-17, in addition to regulating the quantity of primary air, the quantity of primary air can also be regulated to the quantity of secondary air.

Wird flüssiger Brennstoff verbrannt, so wird dieser lediglich über die Brennerlanze 1 dem Brenner zugeführt. Wird dagegen gasförmiger Brennstoff verbrannt, so wird dieser auch über eine Brennstofflanze 1 geführt, aber zu­sätzlich noch über einen Düsenstock 22, von dem in Fig. 1 nur eine Leitung gezeigt ist. Alle Leitungen des Düsen­stocks 22 liegen auf einer Ringbahn, die konzentrisch zur Brennstofflanze 1 liegt. Diese Anordnung des Düsenstocks 22 ist ebenfalls bekannt. Der flüssige oder gasfömige Brennstoff tritt aus der Brennstofflanze 1 in Richtung von Sprühstrahlen 24 aus. Die aus den Rohren 3 austretende Sekundärluft strömt mit wesentlich höherer Geschwindigkeit als die an der Mündung aus dem Zylinder 4 austretende Primärluft aus der Rohrmündung 5 in Richtung eines Strahls 25 aus.If liquid fuel is burned, it will fed to the burner only via the burner lance 1. If, on the other hand, gaseous fuel is burned, it is also passed over a fuel lance 1, but additionally over a nozzle assembly 22, of which only one line is shown in FIG. 1. All lines of the nozzle assembly 22 lie on an annular path which is concentric with the fuel lance 1. This arrangement of the nozzle assembly 22 is also known. The liquid or gaseous fuel emerges from the fuel lance 1 in the direction of spray jets 24. The secondary air emerging from the tubes 3 flows out of the tube mouth 5 in the direction of a jet 25 at a much higher speed than the primary air emerging from the cylinder 4 at the mouth.

Beim Brenner nach Fig. 2 sind gleiche Bauteile wie beim Brenner nach Fig. 1 mit denselben Bezugszeichen und einem Hochstrich versehen. So hat dieser Brenner nach Fig. 2 ebenfalls auf einer Ringbahn liegende Rohre 3' zum Führen der Sekundärluft in Pfeilrichtung 10. Zur Zuführung der Sekundärluft zum Brenner dient ein gesonderter Ein­lassstutzen 26. In diesem befindet sich eine Drossel 27 zum Regulieren der Menge der Sekundärluft. Zur Zuführung der Primärluft zum Brenner dient ein Einlassstutzen 28. Der Brenner hat einen Zylinder 4', an den sich stromauf­wärts ein Konus 29 anschliesst. Der Zylinder 4' dient wie­derum zum Führen der Primärluft. Koaxial und innerhalb des Zylinders 4' befindet sich ein Kanal 30, der koaxial zur Brennerlanze 1' und ausserhalb dieser liegt. Am vor­deren Ende der Brennerlanze 1' liegt wiederum der Luft­leitkörper 20' mit den Drallschaufeln 19'. Die über den Einlassstutzen 28 einströmende Primärluft wird in einen ersten Primärluftstrom 31 im Kanal 30 und einen zweiten Primärluftstrom 32 im Zylinder 4' unterteilt. Der zweite Primärluftstrom 32 strömt teilweise durch die Drallschau­fel 19' und wird hierbei in Rotation versetzt. Ein ande­rer Teil dieses zweiten Primärluftstromes strömt dagegen in Richtung eines Pfeiles 33 geradlinig zur Mündung 6' des Zylinders 4'. Der erste Primärluftstrom 31 im Kanal 30 stömt ebenfalls teilweise durch die Drallschaufel 19', wogegen ein anderer Teil des ersten Primärluftstromes in Richtung eines Pfeiles 34 ungehindert zur Mündung 6' strömt. Man kann also wiederum sagen, dass ein Teil der Primär­luft durch die Drallschaufeln 19' strömt. Der im Kanal 30 strömende erste Primärluftstrom 31 kann mit Hilfe einer axial verschiebbaren Verstelleinrichtung 35 und 36 regu­ liert werden. Im Einlassstutzen 28 befindet sich wiederum eine Drossel 37 zum Regulieren der Menge der Primärluft.In the burner according to FIG. 2, the same components as in the burner according to FIG. 1 are provided with the same reference symbols and a prime. Thus, this burner according to FIG. 2 also has tubes 3 ′ lying on an annular path for guiding the secondary air in the direction of arrow 10. A separate inlet connection piece 26 is used to supply the secondary air to the burner. In this there is a throttle 27 for regulating the amount of secondary air. For feeding the primary air to the burner is served by an inlet connection 28. The burner has a cylinder 4 ', to which a cone 29 is connected upstream. The cylinder 4 'in turn serves to guide the primary air. Coaxially and inside the cylinder 4 'is a channel 30 which is coaxial with the burner lance 1' and outside of it. At the front end of the burner lance 1 'is again the air baffle 20' with the swirl blades 19 '. The primary air flowing in via the inlet connection 28 is divided into a first primary air flow 31 in the channel 30 and a second primary air flow 32 in the cylinder 4 '. The second primary air flow 32 flows partially through the swirl vane 19 'and is thereby set in rotation. Another part of this second primary air flow, however, flows in the direction of an arrow 33 straight to the mouth 6 'of the cylinder 4'. The first primary air flow 31 in the channel 30 likewise flows partially through the swirl vane 19 ', whereas another part of the first primary air flow flows unhindered towards the mouth 6' in the direction of an arrow 34. In turn, one can say that part of the primary air flows through the swirl blades 19 '. The first primary air flow 31 flowing in the channel 30 can be regulated with the aid of an axially displaceable adjusting device 35 and 36 be lated. In turn, there is a throttle 37 in the inlet connection 28 for regulating the amount of primary air.

Der Brenner nach Fig. 2 hat noch einen Einlass­stutzen 38 für die Zuführung von externem Rauchgas zum Brenner. Es sind hierfür mehrere auf einer Ringbahn lie­gende Leitungen 39 vorhanden, die stromaufwärts in einen Zufuhrkanal 40 für das Rauchgas münden und die stromab­wärts in den Konus 29 des Zylinders 4' für den zweiten Primärluftstrom 32 münden.2 still has an inlet connection 38 for the supply of external flue gas to the burner. For this purpose, there are a plurality of lines 39 lying on an annular path, which open upstream into a feed channel 40 for the flue gas and open downstream into the cone 29 of the cylinder 4 'for the second primary air flow 32.

Zur Zuführung von gasförmigem Brennstoff hat der Brenner nach Fig. 2 wiederum mehrere auf einer Ringbahn liegende Leitungen 22' eines Düsenstocks.For the supply of gaseous fuel, the burner according to FIG. 2 in turn has a plurality of lines 22 ′ of a nozzle assembly lying on an annular path.

Beim Brenner nach Fig. 2 ist strichpunktiert eine Flammenkontur 41 gezeigt. Die Flammenwurzel liegt im Be­reich der Mündung 21' der Brennstofflanze 1'. Wie bereits eingangs erwähnt, wird eine Vergleichmässigung der Flam­mentemperatur über den ganzen Flammenbereich (von der Flammenwurzel bis zum Flammenende) angestrebt. Es wäre ideal, wenn über den ganzen Flammenbereich die Temperatur nicht über 1300° steigen würde, da erst über dieser Tem­peratur das NOx vom Luftstickstoff auftritt. Die Rohren­den 11' sind wiederum von je einem koaxialen Rohrmantel 12' umgeben.A flame contour 41 is shown in dash-dot lines in the burner according to FIG. The flame root lies in the area of the mouth 21 'of the fuel lance 1'. As already mentioned at the beginning, the aim is to make the flame temperature even over the entire flame area (from the flame root to the end of the flame). It would be ideal if the temperature did not rise above 1300 ° over the entire flame area, since the NO x from the atmospheric nitrogen only occurs above this temperature. The tube ends 11 'are each surrounded by a coaxial tube jacket 12'.

Die Rohrmäntel 12' liegen im Abstand zur Zylindermündung 6'. Da, wie erwähnt die aus den Rohrenden 11' austretende Sekundärluft mit wesent­lich höherer Geschwindigkeit als die an der Mündung 6' austretende Primärluft in Richtung der Flamme strömt, wirken die auf einer Ringbahn liegenden und aus den Rohr­enden 11' austretenden Sekundärluftströme als Strahlen­pumpe für das die Flammenkontur 41 umgebende Rauchgas im Raum 43, das hierdurch in Richtung der Pfeile 44 rezirku­liert wird und sich als ein inerter Gasmantel 45 an die Flammenkontur 41 anlegt. Durch diesen inerten Rauchgas­mantel 45 gelangt der Sekundärluftmantel 46 verzögert zur Flamme, so dass die angestrebte verzögerte Verbrennung stattfindet.The pipe jackets 12 'are at a distance from the cylinder mouth 6'. Since, as mentioned, the secondary air emerging from the tube ends 11 'flows at a much higher speed than the primary air emerging at the mouth 6' in the direction of the flame, the secondary air flows lying on an annular path and emerging from the tube ends 11 'act as a jet pump for the Flame contour 41 surrounding flue gas in space 43, which is thereby recirculated in the direction of arrows 44 and which is applied to the flame contour 41 as an inert gas jacket 45. Due to this inert flue gas jacket 45, the secondary air jacket 46 arrives at the flame with a delay, so that the desired delayed combustion takes place.

Die auf einer Ringbahn liegenden Rohrenden 11', aus denen die Sekundärluft mit hoher Geschwindigkeit austritt, haben also eine Injektorwirkung auf das im Feuerraum be­findliche inerte Rauchgas, das zum Erreichen einer verzö­gerten Verbrennung benutzt wird.The pipe ends 11 'lying on a ring path, from which the secondary air emerges at high speed, therefore have an injector effect on the inert flue gas in the combustion chamber, which is used to achieve delayed combustion.

Bei den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen wird jedes Rohrende 11 bzw. 11' von einem als Rohrabschnitt vorliegenden Rohrmantel 12 bzw. 12' umgeben. Bei einer an­deren Ausführungsform könnte innerhalb aller Rohrenden 11 bzw. 11' im Abstand zu diesen ein erster Rohrmantel liegen, und ausserhalb aller dieser Rohrenden könnte, ebenfalls im Abstand zu diesen, ein zweiter Rohrmantel liegen, wobei der erste und der zweite Rohrmantel koaxial zueinander liegen. Die dargestellte Ausführungsform, bei der jedes Rohrende von einem Rohrmantel im Abstand umge­ben wird, wird aber bevorzugt, da diese Ausführungsform eine höhere Hitzebeständigkeit erwarten lässt.In the exemplary embodiments shown, each pipe end 11 or 11 'is surrounded by a pipe jacket 12 or 12' which is provided as a pipe section. In another embodiment, could be within all pipe ends 11 and 11 'there is a first tubular jacket at a distance from them, and outside of all of these tube ends, likewise at a distance from them, there could be a second tubular jacket, the first and the second tubular jacket being coaxial with one another. The embodiment shown, in which each tube end is surrounded by a tube jacket at a distance, is preferred, however, since this embodiment allows a higher heat resistance to be expected.

Der Brenner nach Fig. 2 kann z.B. so betrieben werden, dass über den Stutzen 28 die Primärluft mit einer Temperatur von z.B. 300° eingegeben wird, wogegen über den Stutzen 26 kalte Sekundärluft eingegeben wird. Der im Kanal 30 strömende erste Primärluftstrom 31 kann in der Grössenordnung von 10-20 % der gesamten Verbrennungs­luft liegen. Der im Zylinder 4' strömende zweite Primär­luftstrom kann in der Grössenordnung von 20-50% der ge­samten Verbrennungsluft liegen. Die über den Stutzen 26 eintretende Sekundärluft kann im Bereich von 30-40% der gesamten Verbrennungsluft liegen.The burner according to Fig. 2 can e.g. are operated so that the primary air at a temperature of e.g. 300 ° is entered, whereas 26 secondary air is entered via the nozzle. The first primary air flow 31 flowing in the channel 30 can be in the order of magnitude of 10-20% of the total combustion air. The second primary air stream flowing in the cylinder 4 'can be of the order of magnitude of 20-50% of the total combustion air. The secondary air entering through the nozzle 26 can be in the range of 30-40% of the total combustion air.

Den anhand von Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Brenner kann man als Stufenbrenner bezeichnen, bei dem, bedingt durch die gestufte Verbrennungsluftzuführung zur Flamme, eine verzögerte Verbrennung mit niedriger Verbrennungs­ temperatur auftritt. Durch diese Massnahme der stufen­weisen Verbrennungsluftzuführung zur Flamme und des mögli­chen Zusatzes von externem Rauchgas über den Stutzen 38 zur Sekundärluft und die Rücksaugung von internem, also die Flamme umgebenden Rauchgas und Zuführung dieses Rauch­gases als Schutzmantel zur Flamme, wird erreicht, dass der NOx-Gehalt bei der Verbrennung von flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen wesentlich vermindert wird. Mit dem erläuterten Brenner kann also auch gleichzeitig flüs­siger und gasförmiger Brennstoff verbrannt werden.The burner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be referred to as a step burner in which, due to the staged combustion air supply to the flame, delayed combustion with low combustion temperature occurs. This measure of the gradual supply of combustion air to the flame and the possible addition of external flue gas via the connector 38 to the secondary air and the suction of internal flue gas, i.e. the flue gas surrounding the flame, and supply of this flue gas as a protective jacket to the flame, ensures that the NO x content is substantially reduced when burning liquid and / or gaseous fuels. With the burner explained, liquid and gaseous fuel can also be burned at the same time.

Claims (10)

1. Brenner für flüssige und/oder gasförmige Brenn­stoffe, mit einer Brennstofflanze (1) sowie mit Leitungen (2-4) für Primärluft und Sekundärluft, gekennzeichnet durch einen koaxialen und ausserhalb der Brennerlanze (1) liegenden Zylinder (4) zum Führen der Primärluft, mehrere radial ausserhalb des Zylinders (4) liegende Rohre (3) zum Führen der Sekundärluft, welche Rohre (3) über den Umfang des Zylinders gleichmässig verteilt, im Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind, wobei die Mündungen (5) der Rohre die Zylindermündung (6) in Strömungsrichtung von Primär- und Sekundärluft überragen, wobei weiterhin der Teilkreisdurchmesser der Rohre (3) grösser als das 1,2-fache des Zylinderdurchmessers beträgt, mit Rohrmän­teln (12), die die Rohrenden (11) im Abstand umgeben.1. Burner for liquid and / or gaseous fuels, with a fuel lance (1) and with lines (2-4) for primary air and secondary air, characterized by a coaxial cylinder (4) lying outside the burner lance (1) for guiding the primary air , a plurality of tubes (3) lying radially outside the cylinder (4) for guiding the secondary air, which tubes (3) evenly distributed over the circumference of the cylinder are arranged at a distance from one another, the openings (5) of the tubes opening the cylinder (6 ) protrude in the flow direction of primary and secondary air, the pitch circle diameter of the tubes (3) being greater than 1.2 times the cylinder diameter, with tube jackets (12) surrounding the tube ends (11) at a distance. 2. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine Verstelleinrichtung (27,37,14,15-17) zum Regulieren der Primärluft und/oder der Sekundärluft.2. Burner according to claim 1, characterized by an adjusting device (27,37,14,15-17) for regulating the primary air and / or the secondary air. 3. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch einen koaxialen und innerhalb des Zylinders (4') liegen­den Kanal (30), der koaxial zur und ausserhalb der Brenner­lanze (1') liegt, zum Aufteilen der Primärluft in einen ersten Primärluftstrom (31) im Kanal (30) und einen zwei­ten Primärluftstrom (32) im Zylinder (Fig. 2).3. Burner according to claim 1, characterized by a coaxial and inside the cylinder (4 ') channel (30), which is coaxial to and outside of the burner lance (1'), for dividing the primary air into one first primary air flow (31) in the channel (30) and a second primary air flow (32) in the cylinder (Fig. 2). 4. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch einen innerhalb des Zylinders (4) liegenden Luftleitkör­per (20), der mit Drallschaufeln (19) versehen ist, zum Versetzen eines Teiles der Primärluft in Rotation.4. Burner according to claim 1, characterized by an inside the cylinder (4) lying air guide body (20) which is provided with swirl vanes (19) for setting a part of the primary air in rotation. 5. Brenner nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch eine Einrichtung (35,36) zum Regulieren der Menge der ersten - und zweiten Primärluftströme zueinander (Fig. 2).5. Burner according to claim 3, characterized by a device (35,36) for regulating the amount of the first and second primary air flows to one another (Fig. 2). 6. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Teilkreisdurchmesser der Rohre (3) bis das 2,5-­fache des Zylinderdurchmessers beträgt.6. Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the pitch circle diameter of the tubes (3) is up to 2.5 times the cylinder diameter. 7. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Rohrende (11) von einem koaxialen Rohrmantel (12) umgeben ist.7. Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that each tube end (11) is surrounded by a coaxial tube jacket (12). 8. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass innerhalb aller Rohrenden, im Abstand zu diesen, ein erster Rohrmantel liegt, und dass ausserhalb aller Rohr­enden im Abstand zu diesen, ein zweiter Rohrmantel liegt, und dass der erste und zweite Rohrmantel koaxial zueinan­der liegen.8. Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that within all pipe ends, at a distance from them, there is a first pipe jacket, and that outside of all pipe ends at a distance from these, there is a second pipe jacket, and that the first and second pipe jackets are coaxial with one another . 9. Brenner nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch mehrere auf einer Ringbahn liegende Leitungen (39), die stromaufwärts in einen Zufuhrkanal (40) für externes Rauchgas münden und die stromabwärts in den Zylinder (4') für den zweiten Primärluftstrom (32) münden (Fig. 2).9. Burner according to claim 3, characterized by a plurality of lines lying on an annular path (39) open upstream into a feed channel (40) for external flue gas and open downstream into the cylinder (4 ') for the second primary air flow (32) (Fig. 2). 10. Verfahren zum Betrieb des Brenners nach An­spruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sekundärluft mit einer solchen Geschwindigkeit aus den sie führenden Rohren (3) austritt, die grösser ist als die Austritts­geschwindigkeit der Primärluft aus dem sie führenden Zylinder (4).10. The method for operating the burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary air exits from the pipes (3) carrying it at a speed which is greater than the exit speed of the primary air from the cylinder (4) carrying it.
EP86115025A 1985-11-28 1986-10-29 Burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuels Expired EP0225467B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19853541987 DE3541987A1 (en) 1985-11-28 1985-11-28 BURNERS FOR LIQUID AND / OR GASEOUS FUELS
DE3541987 1985-11-28

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EP0225467A2 true EP0225467A2 (en) 1987-06-16
EP0225467A3 EP0225467A3 (en) 1988-08-31
EP0225467B1 EP0225467B1 (en) 1989-12-20

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107559822A (en) * 2017-09-21 2018-01-09 哈尔滨工业大学 Center feeding rotational flow coal dust burner and burnout degree arrangement
CN111380075A (en) * 2018-12-25 2020-07-07 安萨尔多能源瑞士股份公司 Injector head for a gas turbine combustor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3825291A1 (en) * 1988-07-26 1990-02-01 Ver Kesselwerke Ag METHOD AND COMBUSTION PLANT FOR COMBUSTION OF FOSSILER FUELS WITH REDUCED EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN
SE464542B (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-05-06 Aga Ab SEAT AND DEVICE FOR COMBUSTION OF SPIRITLY FLUID OR GASFUL FOSSIL BRAZLE
DE102007006243A1 (en) * 2007-02-08 2008-08-14 Messer Austria Gmbh Burner has burner nozzle discharged into treatment room by opening of burner support and burner nozzle is equipped with fuel inlet and supply for oxidizing agent
CN106594722A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-04-26 北京航天石化技术装备工程有限公司 Bottom low nitrogen oxide gas burner

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AT358702B (en) * 1975-01-27 1980-09-25 Manich Leo SWIRL BURNER FOR OIL AND / OR GAS OPERATION
DE3048201A1 (en) * 1980-12-20 1982-07-08 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Burner for nitrogen-bearing fuels, with coaxial primary air ducts - has furnace gas recirculating ducts to these ducts, pref. entering at restriction

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DE3040830C2 (en) * 1980-10-30 1990-05-31 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Method of reducing NO? X? -Emissions from the combustion of nitrogenous fuels

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT358702B (en) * 1975-01-27 1980-09-25 Manich Leo SWIRL BURNER FOR OIL AND / OR GAS OPERATION
DE3048201A1 (en) * 1980-12-20 1982-07-08 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Burner for nitrogen-bearing fuels, with coaxial primary air ducts - has furnace gas recirculating ducts to these ducts, pref. entering at restriction

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107559822A (en) * 2017-09-21 2018-01-09 哈尔滨工业大学 Center feeding rotational flow coal dust burner and burnout degree arrangement
CN111380075A (en) * 2018-12-25 2020-07-07 安萨尔多能源瑞士股份公司 Injector head for a gas turbine combustor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0225467A3 (en) 1988-08-31
DE3541987A1 (en) 1987-06-04
DE3541987C2 (en) 1989-03-30
EP0225467B1 (en) 1989-12-20
DE3667719D1 (en) 1990-01-25

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