EP0225467B1 - Burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuels - Google Patents

Burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0225467B1
EP0225467B1 EP86115025A EP86115025A EP0225467B1 EP 0225467 B1 EP0225467 B1 EP 0225467B1 EP 86115025 A EP86115025 A EP 86115025A EP 86115025 A EP86115025 A EP 86115025A EP 0225467 B1 EP0225467 B1 EP 0225467B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
primary air
burner
burner according
air
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP86115025A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0225467A2 (en
EP0225467A3 (en
Inventor
Hermann-Josef Janssen
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Ingenieurbureau Sonvico AG
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Ingenieurbureau Sonvico AG
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Publication of EP0225467A3 publication Critical patent/EP0225467A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/008—Flow control devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for liquid and / or gaseous fuels with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating the burner.
  • a burner of the generic type is known from AT-B 358 702.
  • the air is divided in this burner by shut-off devices so that, depending on the load, only the cylinder or the guides are pressurized with air. If all air-guiding cross-sections are acted on at the same time, the combustion air could be supplied in stages to the generic burner, which leads to delayed combustion at a reduced flame temperature and has the effect of reducing the NO x content in the flue gas.
  • the invention has for its object to allow the combustion in the flame root to take place even more delayed by flue gas recirculation in a generic burner for the purpose of further reducing NO x formation.
  • the burner shown in Fig. 1 has a fuel lance 1 and lines 2-4 for primary air and secondary air.
  • One of these lines is designed as a cylinder 4, which is coaxial to the burner lance 1 and outside of it.
  • the cylinder 4 serves to guide the primary air.
  • Another part of the lines mentioned is in the form of tubes 3, which are located radially outside the cylinder 4 and are used to guide the secondary air. It is not apparent from the drawings that these tubes 3 lie on an annular path. This ring path is coaxial to the cylinder 4 and outside of it.
  • the tubes 3 are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the ring track and are spaced apart. It can also be seen from FIG.
  • the orifices 5 of the tubes 3 protrude beyond the cylinder orifice 6 in the flow direction of the primary and secondary air.
  • the primary air flowing in the burner is indicated by arrows 7, 8 and 9.
  • the secondary air flowing in the burner is indicated by an arrow 10.
  • the pitch circle diameter of the above-mentioned ring path on which the tubes 3 lie is greater than 1.2 times the diameter of the cylinder 4.
  • the ends 11 of the tubes 3 lying at the orifices 5 are surrounded by tube jackets 12 which are at a radial distance from one another the pipe ends 11 are.
  • the burner shown in Fig. 1 has an air inlet port 13.
  • the incoming air gives the primary and secondary air; a subdivision is only made after the inlet connection 13.
  • In the inlet connection 13 there is a throttle 14 for regulating all the air forming the primary air and secondary air.
  • the cylinder 4 is surrounded by a control tube 15 which is axially displaceable on the cylinder 4 via an actuating rod 16.
  • the components 15-17 thus represent an adjusting device for regulating the primary air.
  • the primary air flowing in the direction of arrow 7 is conducted differently in cylinder 4.
  • Part of the primary air flows in the direction of arrow 8 through swirl vanes 19, through which the primary air passing through is set in rotation.
  • Another part of the primary air flows in a straight line through the cylinder 4 in the direction of the arrow 9.
  • the swirl vanes 19 are present in an air guide 20 known per se.
  • the fuel lance 1 has a mouth 21. It is known to adjust the air guide 20 axially relative to the mouth 21 of the fuel lance 1; the adjustment device available for this is not shown.
  • the burner shown in Fig. 1 has no adjustment device for regulating the secondary air.
  • liquid fuel is burned, it is only fed to the burner via the burner lance 1. If, on the other hand, gaseous fuel is burned, it is also passed over a fuel lance 1, but additionally over a nozzle assembly 22, of which only one line is shown in FIG. 1. All lines of the nozzle assembly 22 lie on an annular path which is concentric with the fuel lance 1. This arrangement of the nozzle assembly 22 is also known.
  • the liquid or gaseous fuel emerges from the fuel lance 1 in the direction of spray jets 24.
  • the secondary air emerging from the tubes 3 flows out of the tube mouth 5 in the direction of a jet 25 at a much higher speed than the primary air emerging from the cylinder 4 at the mouth.
  • this burner according to FIG. 2 also has tubes 3 ′ lying on an annular path for guiding the secondary air in the direction of arrow 10.
  • a separate inlet connection piece 26 is used to supply the secondary air to the burner.
  • An inlet connection 28 is used to supply the primary air to the burner.
  • the burner has a cylinder 4 ', to which a cone 29 is connected upstream.
  • the cylinder 4 ' in turn serves to guide the primary air.
  • Coaxially and inside the cylinder 4 ' is a channel 30 which is coaxial with the burner lance 1' and outside of it.
  • the primary air flowing in via the inlet connection 28 is divided into a first primary air flow 31 in the channel 30 and a second primary air flow 32 in the cylinder 4 '.
  • the second primary air flow 32 flows partially through the swirl vane 19 'and is thereby set in rotation. Another part of this second primary air flow, however, flows in the direction of an arrow 33 straight to the mouth 6 'of the cylinder 4'.
  • the first primary air flow 31 in the channel 30 likewise flows partially through the swirl vane 19 ', whereas another part of the first primary air flow flows unhindered towards the mouth 6' in the direction of an arrow 34.
  • first primary air flow 31 can be regulated by means of an axially displaceable adjusting device 35 and 36.
  • a throttle 37 in the inlet connection 28 for regulating the amount of primary air.
  • the burner according to FIG. 2 in turn has a plurality of lines 22 ′ of a nozzle assembly lying on an annular path.
  • a flame contour 41 is shown in dash-dot lines in the burner according to FIG.
  • the flame root lies in the area of the mouth 21 'of the fuel lance 1'.
  • the aim is to make the flame temperature even over the entire flame area (from the flame root to the end of the flame). It would be ideal if the temperature did not rise above 1300 ° over the entire flame area, since the NOx from the atmospheric nitrogen only occurs above this temperature.
  • the tube ends 11 ' are each of a coaxial tube jacket! 12 'surrounded.
  • the pipe jackets 12 ' are at a distance from the cylinder mouth 6'. Since, as mentioned, the secondary air emerging from the tube ends 11 'flows at a much higher speed than the primary air emerging at the mouth 6' in the direction of the flame, the secondary air flows lying on an annular path and emerging from the tube ends 11 'act as a jet pump for the Flame contour 41 surrounding flue gas in space 43, which is thereby recirculated in the direction of arrows 44 and which is applied to the flame contour 41 as an inert gas jacket 45. Due to this inert flue gas jacket 45, the secondary air jacket 46 arrives at the flame with a delay, so that the desired delayed combustion takes place.
  • each pipe end 11 or 11 ' is surrounded by a pipe jacket 12 or 12' which is provided as a pipe section.
  • a first pipe jacket could be located within all pipe ends 11 and 11 ', and outside of all these pipe ends, also at a distance from them, there could be a second pipe jacket, the first and the second pipe jacket being coaxial to one another .
  • the embodiment shown, in which each tube end is surrounded by a tube jacket at a distance, is preferred, however, since this embodiment allows a higher heat resistance to be expected.
  • the burner according to FIG. 2 can be operated, for example, in such a way that the primary air at a temperature of, for example, 300 ° is input via the connector 28, whereas cold secondary air is input via the connector 26.
  • the first primary air flow 31 flowing in the channel 30 can be of the order of magnitude of 10-20% of the total combustion air.
  • the second primary air stream flowing in the cylinder 4 ' can be of the order of magnitude of 20-50% of the total combustion air.
  • the secondary air entering through the nozzle 26 can be in the range of 30-40% of the total combustion air.
  • the burner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be referred to as a step burner, in which, due to the staged combustion air supply to the flame, a delayed combustion occurs with a low combustion temperature.
  • This measure of the gradual supply of combustion air to the flame and the possible addition of external flue gas via the connector 38 to the secondary air and the suction of internal flue gas, i.e. the flue gas surrounding the flame, and supply of this flue gas as a protective jacket to the flame, ensures that the NOx content is reduced to the combustion of liquid and / or gaseous fuels is significantly reduced.
  • liquid and gaseous fuel can also be burned at the same time.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brenner für flüssige und/oder gasförmige Brennstoffe mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1 und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben des Brenners.The invention relates to a burner for liquid and / or gaseous fuels with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating the burner.

Aus der AT-B 358 702 ist ein Brenner der gattungsgemäßen Art bekannt. Durch Absperrorgane wird bei diesem Brenner die Luft so aufgeteilt, daß je nach Lastfall nur der Zylinder oder die Führungen mit Luft beaufschlagt sind. Bei einer gleichzeitigen Beaufschlagung aller luftführenden Querschnitte könnte dem gattungsgemäßen Brenner die Verbrennungsluft gestuft zugeführt werden, was zu einer verzögerten Verbrennung bei erniedrigter Flammentemperatur führt und sich im Sinne einer Minderung des NOx-Gehaltes im Rauchgas auswirkt.A burner of the generic type is known from AT-B 358 702. The air is divided in this burner by shut-off devices so that, depending on the load, only the cylinder or the guides are pressurized with air. If all air-guiding cross-sections are acted on at the same time, the combustion air could be supplied in stages to the generic burner, which leads to delayed combustion at a reduced flame temperature and has the effect of reducing the NO x content in the flue gas.

Weiterhin ist es aus der DE-A 3 048 201 zur Verminderung der NOx-Emission bei der Verbrennung stickstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe bekannt, Rauchgas primärer Verbrennungsluft beizumischen und über einige Düsen am Umfang einer Brennermündung sogenannte Stufenluft stromab einer Primärflamme einer Nachverbrennungszone zuzuführen. An den Abschnitten der Umfangsfläche der Flamme, die nicht der Stufenluftströmung benachbart sind, werden durch Impulsaustausch Rauchgase aus dem Feuerraum eingesogen. Hierdurch wird die Flammentemperatur erniedrigt.Furthermore, from DE-A 3 048 201 to reduce the NO x emission during the combustion of nitrogenous fuels, it is known to add flue gas to primary combustion air and to supply so-called staged air downstream of a primary flame to a post-combustion zone via a few nozzles on the periphery of a burner mouth. At the sections of the peripheral surface of the flame that are not adjacent to the step air flow, smoke gases are sucked out of the combustion chamber by pulse exchange. This lowers the flame temperature.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem gattungsgemäßen Brenner zum Zwecke einer weiteren Minderung der NOx-Bildung die Verbrennung in der Flammenwurzel durch Rauchgasrezirkulation noch stärker verzögert ablaufen zu lassen.The invention has for its object to allow the combustion in the flame root to take place even more delayed by flue gas recirculation in a generic burner for the purpose of further reducing NO x formation.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Brenner erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 9 angegeben. Ein Verfahren zum Betreiben des Brenners ist in dem Anspruch 10 beschrieben.This object is achieved in a generic burner according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in claims 2 to 9. A method for operating the burner is described in claim 10.

In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstandes dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Brenners im Längsschnitt, und Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines weiter ausgebildeten Brenners im Längsschnitt.
Two exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a burner in longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a further developed burner in longitudinal section.

Bei den dargestellten Brennern sind nur solche Bauteile gezeigt, die zum Verständnis des Erfindungsgegenstandes notwendig sind. Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Brenner hat eine Brennstofflanze 1 sowie Leitungen 2-4 für Primärluft und Sekundärluft. Eine dieser Leitungen ist als Zylinder 4 ausgebildet, der koaxial zur Brennerlanze 1 und ausserhalb dieser liegt. Der Zylinder 4 dient zum Führen der Primärluft. Ein anderer Teil der erwähnten Leitungen liegt als Rohre 3 vor, die radial ausserhalb des Zylinders 4 liegen und zum Führen der Sekundärluft dienen. Aus den Zeichnungen nicht ersichtlich ist, dass diese Rohre 3 auf einer Ringbahn liegen. Diese Ringbahn liegt koaxial zum Zylinder 4 und ausserhalb von diesem. Die Rohre 3 sind über den Umfang der Ringbahn gleichmässig verteilt angeordnet und liegen im Abstand voneinander. Aus Figur 1 ist auch ersichtlich, dass die Rohre 3 gleichgerichtet zum Zylinder 4 verlaufen. Die Mündungen 5 der Rohre 3 überragen die Zylindermündung 6 in Strömungsrichtung der Primär- und Sekundärluft. Die im Brenner strömende Primärluft ist mit Pfeilen 7,8 und 9 bezeichnet. Die im Brenner strömende Sekundärluft ist mit einem Pfeil 10 bezeichnet. Der Teilkreisdurchmesser der vorerwähnten Ringbahn, auf der die Rohre 3 liegen, ist grösser als das 1,2-fache des Durchmessers vom Zylinder 4. Die bei den Mündungen 5 liegenden Enden 11 der Rohre 3 sind von Rohrmänteln 12 umgeben, die im radialen Abstand zu den Rohrenden 11 liegen.In the burners shown, only those components are shown which are necessary for understanding the subject matter of the invention. The burner shown in Fig. 1 has a fuel lance 1 and lines 2-4 for primary air and secondary air. One of these lines is designed as a cylinder 4, which is coaxial to the burner lance 1 and outside of it. The cylinder 4 serves to guide the primary air. Another part of the lines mentioned is in the form of tubes 3, which are located radially outside the cylinder 4 and are used to guide the secondary air. It is not apparent from the drawings that these tubes 3 lie on an annular path. This ring path is coaxial to the cylinder 4 and outside of it. The tubes 3 are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the ring track and are spaced apart. It can also be seen from FIG. 1 that the tubes 3 run in the same direction as the cylinder 4. The orifices 5 of the tubes 3 protrude beyond the cylinder orifice 6 in the flow direction of the primary and secondary air. The primary air flowing in the burner is indicated by arrows 7, 8 and 9. The secondary air flowing in the burner is indicated by an arrow 10. The pitch circle diameter of the above-mentioned ring path on which the tubes 3 lie is greater than 1.2 times the diameter of the cylinder 4. The ends 11 of the tubes 3 lying at the orifices 5 are surrounded by tube jackets 12 which are at a radial distance from one another the pipe ends 11 are.

Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Brenner hat einen Luft-Einlassstutzen 13. Die eintretende Luft ergibt die Primärund Sekundärluft; eine Unterteilung wird erst nach dem Einlassstutzen 13 vorgenommen. Im Einlassstutzen 13 befindet sich eine Drossel 14 zum Regulieren der gesamten die Primärluft und Sekundärluft bildenden Luft. Der Zylinder 4 ist von einem Steuerrohr 15 umgeben, das über eine Betätigungsstange 16 auf dem Zylinder 4 axial verschiebbar ist. Hierdurch wird der Zwischenraum zwischen der Stirnfläche 17 des Steuerrohres 15 und der Wandung 18 des Brenners verändert und somit der Eintrittsquerschnitt für den Primärluftstrom in Pfeilrichtung 7. Die Bauteile 15-17 stellen somit eine Verstelleinrichtung zum Regulieren der Primärluft dar.The burner shown in Fig. 1 has an air inlet port 13. The incoming air gives the primary and secondary air; a subdivision is only made after the inlet connection 13. In the inlet connection 13 there is a throttle 14 for regulating all the air forming the primary air and secondary air. The cylinder 4 is surrounded by a control tube 15 which is axially displaceable on the cylinder 4 via an actuating rod 16. As a result, the space between the end face 17 of the control tube 15 and the wall 18 of the burner is changed, and thus the inlet cross section for the primary air flow in the direction of the arrow 7. The components 15-17 thus represent an adjusting device for regulating the primary air.

Die in Richtung des Pfeiles 7 strömenade Primärluft wird im Zylinder 4 verschieden geleitet. Ein Teil der Primärluft strömt in Richtung des Pfeiles 8 durch Drallschaufeln 19, durch die die hindurchtretende Primärluft in Rotation versetzt wird. Ein anderer Teil der Primärluft strömt in Richtung des Pfeiles 9 geradlinig durch den Zylinder 4. Die Drallschaufeln 19 sind bei einem an sich bekannten Luftleitkörper 20 vorhanden. Die Brennstofflanze 1 hat eine Mündung 21. Es ist bekannt, den Luftleitkörper 20 axial gegenüber der Mündung 21 der Brennstofflanze 1 zu verstellen; die hierfür vorhandene Verstelleinrichtung ist nicht dargestellt. Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Brenner hat keine Verstelleinrichtung zum Regulieren der Sekundärluft. Durch die beiden Verstelleinrichtungen 14 und 15-17 kann aber zusätzlich zum Regulieren der Primärluftmenge auch die Menge der Primärluft zur Menge der Sekundärluft reguliert werden.The primary air flowing in the direction of arrow 7 is conducted differently in cylinder 4. Part of the primary air flows in the direction of arrow 8 through swirl vanes 19, through which the primary air passing through is set in rotation. Another part of the primary air flows in a straight line through the cylinder 4 in the direction of the arrow 9. The swirl vanes 19 are present in an air guide 20 known per se. The fuel lance 1 has a mouth 21. It is known to adjust the air guide 20 axially relative to the mouth 21 of the fuel lance 1; the adjustment device available for this is not shown. The burner shown in Fig. 1 has no adjustment device for regulating the secondary air. By means of the two adjusting devices 14 and 15-17, in addition to regulating the quantity of primary air, the quantity of primary air can also be regulated to the quantity of secondary air.

Wird flüssiger Brennstoff verbrannt, so wird dieser lediglich über die Brennerlanze 1 dem Brenner zugeführt. Wird dagegen gasförmiger Brennstoff verbrannt, so wird dieser auch über eine Brennstofflanze 1 geführt, aber zusätzlich noch über einen Düsenstock 22, von dem in Fig. 1 nur eine Leitung gezeigt ist. Alle Leitungen des Düsenstocks 22 liegen auf einer Ringbahn, die konzentrisch zur Brennstofflanze 1 liegt. Diese Anordnung des Düsenstocks 22 ist ebenfalls bekannt. Der flüssige oder gasfömige Brennstoff tritt aus der Brennstofflanze 1 in Richtung von Sprühstrahlen 24 aus. Die aus den Rohren 3 austretende Sekundärluft strömt mit wesentlich höherer Geschwindigkeit als die an der Mündung aus dem Zylinder 4 austretende Primärluft aus der Rohrmündung 5 in Richtung eines Strahls 25 aus.If liquid fuel is burned, it is only fed to the burner via the burner lance 1. If, on the other hand, gaseous fuel is burned, it is also passed over a fuel lance 1, but additionally over a nozzle assembly 22, of which only one line is shown in FIG. 1. All lines of the nozzle assembly 22 lie on an annular path which is concentric with the fuel lance 1. This arrangement of the nozzle assembly 22 is also known. The liquid or gaseous fuel emerges from the fuel lance 1 in the direction of spray jets 24. The secondary air emerging from the tubes 3 flows out of the tube mouth 5 in the direction of a jet 25 at a much higher speed than the primary air emerging from the cylinder 4 at the mouth.

Beim Brenner nach Fig. 2 sind gleiche Bauteile wie beim Brenner nach Fig. 1 mit denselben Bezugszeichen und einem Hochstrich versehen. So hat dieser Brenner nach Fig. 2 ebenfalls auf einer Ringbahn liegende Rohre 3' zum Führen der Sekundärluft in Pfeilrichtung 10. Zur Zuführung der Sekundärluft zum Brenner dient ein gesonderter Einlassstutzen 26. In diesem befindet sich eine Drossel 27 zum Regulieren der Menge der Sekundärluft. Zur Zuführung der Primärluft zum Brenner dient ein Einlassstutzen 28. Der Brenner hat einen Zylinder 4', an den sich stromaufwärts ein Konus 29 anschliesst. Der Zylinder 4' dient wiederum zum Führen der Primärluft. Koaxial und innerhalb des Zylinders 4' befindet sich ein Kanal 30, der koaxial zur Brennerlanze 1' und ausserhalb dieser liegt. Am vorderen Ende der Brennerlanze 1' liegt wiederum der Luftleitkörper 20' mit den Drallschaufeln 19'. Die über den Einlassstutzen 28 einströmende Primärluft wird in einen ersten Primärluftstrom 31 im Kanal 30 und einen zweiten Primärluftstrom 32 im Zylinder 4' unterteilt. Der zweite Primärluftstrom 32 strömt teilweise durch die Drallschaufel 19' und wird hierbei in Rotation versetzt. Ein anderer Teil dieses zweiten Primärluftstromes strömt dagegen in Richtung eines Pfeiles 33 geradlinig zur Mündung 6' des Zylinders 4'. Der erste Primärluftstrom 31 im Kanal 30 stömt ebenfalls teilweise durch die Drallschaufel 19', wogegen ein anderer Teil des ersten Primärluftstromes in Richtung eines Pfeiles 34 ungehindert zur Mündung 6' strömt. Man kann also wiederum sagen, dass ein Teil der Primärluft durch die Drallschaufeln 19' strömt. Der im Kanal 30 strömende erste Primärluftstrom 31 kann mit Hilfe einer axial verschiebbaren Verstelleinrichtung 35 und 36 regu liert werden. Im Einlassstutzen 28 befindet sich wiederum eine Drossel 37 zum Regulieren der Menge der Primärluft.In the burner according to FIG. 2, the same components as in the burner according to FIG. 1 are provided with the same reference symbols and a prime. Thus, this burner according to FIG. 2 also has tubes 3 ′ lying on an annular path for guiding the secondary air in the direction of arrow 10. A separate inlet connection piece 26 is used to supply the secondary air to the burner. In this there is a throttle 27 for regulating the amount of secondary air. An inlet connection 28 is used to supply the primary air to the burner. The burner has a cylinder 4 ', to which a cone 29 is connected upstream. The cylinder 4 'in turn serves to guide the primary air. Coaxially and inside the cylinder 4 'is a channel 30 which is coaxial with the burner lance 1' and outside of it. At the front end of the burner lance 1 'is again the air baffle 20' with the swirl blades 19 '. The primary air flowing in via the inlet connection 28 is divided into a first primary air flow 31 in the channel 30 and a second primary air flow 32 in the cylinder 4 '. The second primary air flow 32 flows partially through the swirl vane 19 'and is thereby set in rotation. Another part of this second primary air flow, however, flows in the direction of an arrow 33 straight to the mouth 6 'of the cylinder 4'. The first primary air flow 31 in the channel 30 likewise flows partially through the swirl vane 19 ', whereas another part of the first primary air flow flows unhindered towards the mouth 6' in the direction of an arrow 34. In turn, one can say that part of the primary air flows through the swirl blades 19 '. The flowing in the channel 30 first primary air flow 31 can be regulated by means of an axially displaceable adjusting device 35 and 36. In turn, there is a throttle 37 in the inlet connection 28 for regulating the amount of primary air.

Der Brenner nach Fig. 2 hat noch einen Einlassstutzen 38 für die Zuführung von externem Rauchgas zum Brenner. Es sind hierfür mehrere auf einer Ringbahn liegende Leitungen 39 vorhanden, die stromaufwärts in einen Zufuhrkanal 40 für das Rauchgas münden und die stromabwärts in den Konus 29 des Zylinders 4' für den zweiten Primärluftstrom 32 münden.2 still has an inlet connection 38 for the supply of external flue gas to the burner. For this purpose, there are a plurality of lines 39 lying on an annular path, which open upstream into a feed channel 40 for the flue gas and open downstream into the cone 29 of the cylinder 4 'for the second primary air flow 32.

Zur Zuführung von gasförmigem Brennstoff hat der Brenner nach Fig. 2 wiederum mehrere auf einer Ringbahn liegende Leitungen 22' eines Düsenstocks.For the supply of gaseous fuel, the burner according to FIG. 2 in turn has a plurality of lines 22 ′ of a nozzle assembly lying on an annular path.

Beim Brenner nach Fig. 2 ist strichpunktiert eine Flammenkontur 41 gezeigt. Die Flammenwurzel liegt im Bereich der Mündung 21' der Brennstofflanze 1'. Wie bereits eingangs erwähnt, wird eine Vergleichmässigung der Flammentemperatur über den ganzen Flammenbereich (von der Flammenwurzel bis zum Flammenende) angestrebt. Es wäre ideal, wenn über den ganzen Flammenbereich die Temperatur nicht über 1300° steigen würde, da erst über dieser Temperatur das NOx vom Luftstickstoff auftritt. Die Rohrenden 11' sind wiederum von je einem koaxialen Rohrmante! 12' umgeben.A flame contour 41 is shown in dash-dot lines in the burner according to FIG. The flame root lies in the area of the mouth 21 'of the fuel lance 1'. As already mentioned at the beginning, the aim is to make the flame temperature even over the entire flame area (from the flame root to the end of the flame). It would be ideal if the temperature did not rise above 1300 ° over the entire flame area, since the NOx from the atmospheric nitrogen only occurs above this temperature. The tube ends 11 'are each of a coaxial tube jacket! 12 'surrounded.

Die Rohrmäntel 12' liegen im Abstand zur Zylindermündung 6'. Da, wie erwähnt die aus den Rohrenden 11' austretende Sekundärluft mit wesentlich höherer Geschwindigkeit als die an der Mündung 6' austretende Primärluft in Richtung der Flamme strömt, wirken die auf einer Ringbahn liegenden und aus den Rohrenden 11' austretenden Sekundärluftströme als Strahlenpumpe für das die Flammenkontur 41 umgebende Rauchgas im Raum 43, das hierdurch in Richtung der Pfeile 44 rezirkuliert wird und sich als ein inerter Gasmantel 45 an die Flammenkontur 41 anlegt. Durch diesen inerten Rauchgasmantel 45 gelangt der Sekundärluftmantel 46 verzögert zur Flamme, so dass die angestrebte verzögerte Verbrennung stattfindet.The pipe jackets 12 'are at a distance from the cylinder mouth 6'. Since, as mentioned, the secondary air emerging from the tube ends 11 'flows at a much higher speed than the primary air emerging at the mouth 6' in the direction of the flame, the secondary air flows lying on an annular path and emerging from the tube ends 11 'act as a jet pump for the Flame contour 41 surrounding flue gas in space 43, which is thereby recirculated in the direction of arrows 44 and which is applied to the flame contour 41 as an inert gas jacket 45. Due to this inert flue gas jacket 45, the secondary air jacket 46 arrives at the flame with a delay, so that the desired delayed combustion takes place.

Die auf einer Ringbahn liegenden Rohrenden 11', aus denen die Sekundärluft mit hoher Geschwindigkeit austritt, haben also eine Injektorwirkung auf das im Feuerraum befindliche inerte Rauchgas, das zum Erreichen einer verzögerten Verbrennung benutzt wird.The pipe ends 11 'lying on a ring path, from which the secondary air emerges at high speed, therefore have an injector effect on the inert flue gas in the combustion chamber, which is used to achieve delayed combustion.

Bei den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen wird jedes Rohrende 11 bzw. 11' von einem als Rohrabschnitt vorliegenden Rohrmantel 12 bzw. 12' umgeben. Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform könnte innerhalb aller Rohrenden 11 bzw. 11' im Abstand zu diesen ein erster Rohrmantel liegen, und ausserhalb aller dieser Rohrenden könnte, ebenfalls im Abstand zu diesen, ein zweiter Rohrmantel liegen, wobei der erste und der zweite Rohrmantel koaxial zueinander liegen. Die dargestellte Ausführungsform, bei der jedes Rohrende von einem Rohrmantel im Abstand umgeben wird, wird aber bevorzugt, da diese Ausführungsform eine höhere Hitzebeständigkeit erwarten lässt.In the exemplary embodiments shown, each pipe end 11 or 11 'is surrounded by a pipe jacket 12 or 12' which is provided as a pipe section. In another embodiment, a first pipe jacket could be located within all pipe ends 11 and 11 ', and outside of all these pipe ends, also at a distance from them, there could be a second pipe jacket, the first and the second pipe jacket being coaxial to one another . The embodiment shown, in which each tube end is surrounded by a tube jacket at a distance, is preferred, however, since this embodiment allows a higher heat resistance to be expected.

Der Brenner nach Fig. 2 kann z.B. so betrieben werden, dass über den Stutzen 28 die Primärluft mit einer Temperatur von z.B. 300° eingegeben wird, wogegen über den Stutzen 26 kalte Sekundärluft eingegeben wird. Der im Kanal 30 strömende erste Primärluftstrom 31 kann in der Grössenordnung von 10-20 % der gesamten Verbrennungsluft liegen. Der im Zylinder 4' strömende zweite Primärluftstrom kann in der Grössenordnung von 20-50% der gesamten Verbrennungsluft liegen. Die über den Stutzen 26 eintretende Sekundärluft kann im Bereich von 30-40% der gesamten Verbrennungsluft liegen.The burner according to FIG. 2 can be operated, for example, in such a way that the primary air at a temperature of, for example, 300 ° is input via the connector 28, whereas cold secondary air is input via the connector 26. The first primary air flow 31 flowing in the channel 30 can be of the order of magnitude of 10-20% of the total combustion air. The second primary air stream flowing in the cylinder 4 'can be of the order of magnitude of 20-50% of the total combustion air. The secondary air entering through the nozzle 26 can be in the range of 30-40% of the total combustion air.

Den anhand von Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Brenner kann man als Stufenbrenner bezeichnen, bei dem, bedingt durch die gestufte Verbrennungsluftzuführung zur Flamme, eine verzögerte Verbrennung mit niedriger Verbrennungs temperatur auftritt. Durch diese Massnahme der stufenweisen Verbrennungsluftzuführung zur Flamme und des möglichen Zusatzes von externem Rauchgas über den Stutzen 38 zur Sekundärluft und die Rücksaugung von internem, also die Flamme umgebenden Rauchgas und Zuführung dieses Rauchgases als Schutzmantel zur Flamme, wird erreicht, dass der NOx-Gehalt bei der Verbrennung von flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen wesentlich vermindert wird. Mit dem erläuterten Brenner kann also auch gleichzeitig flüssiger und gasförmiger Brennstoff verbrannt werden.The burner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be referred to as a step burner, in which, due to the staged combustion air supply to the flame, a delayed combustion occurs with a low combustion temperature. This measure of the gradual supply of combustion air to the flame and the possible addition of external flue gas via the connector 38 to the secondary air and the suction of internal flue gas, i.e. the flue gas surrounding the flame, and supply of this flue gas as a protective jacket to the flame, ensures that the NOx content is reduced to the combustion of liquid and / or gaseous fuels is significantly reduced. With the burner explained, liquid and gaseous fuel can also be burned at the same time.

Claims (10)

1. Burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuel with a fuel lance (1, 1') with a cylinder (4, 4'), which concentrically surrounds the fuel lance (1, 1'), for the conduction of primary air and with several guides for secondary air, which are arranged radially outside the cylinder (4, 4') and distributed uniformly and at a spacing one from the other on a pitch circle, the diameter of which is greater than 1.2 times the diameter of the cylinder (4, 4'), and which by their mouths (5) project beyond the mouth (6, 6') of the cylinder (4, 4') in flow direction of primary air and secondary air, characterised 10 thereby, that the guides are constructed as tubes (3, 3'), the tube ends (11, 11') of which are surrounded at a radial spacing by the jackets (12, 12') projecting beyond the mouths (5) in axial direction.
2. Burner according to claim 1, characterised by an adjusting 15 equipment (27, 37, 14, 15 to 17) for the regulation of the primary air and/or the secondary air.
3. Burner according to claim 1, characterised by a co-axial channel (30), which lies within the cylinder (4') and co-axially with and externally of the burner lance (1'), for the division of the 20 primary air into a first primary air current (31) in the channel (30) and a second primary air current (32) in the cylinder (Fig. 2).
4. Burner according to claim 1, characterised by an air guide body (20), which lies within the cylinder (4) and is provided with swirl vanes (19), for setting a part of the primary air into rotation.
5. Burner according to claim 3, characterised by an equipment (35, 36) for regulating the quantity of the first and second primary air currents each relative to the other (Fig. 2).
6. Burner according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the pitch circle diameter of the tubes (3) amounts up to 2.5 times the cylinder diameter.
7. Burner according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that each tube end (11) surrounded by a co- axial tube jacket (12).
8. Burner according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that a first tube jacket lies within and at spacing from each of the tube ends and that a second tube jacket lies outside and at spacing from each of the tube ends and that the first and the second tube jacket each lie co-axially with the other.
9. Burner according to claim 3, characterised by several ducts (39), which lie on an annular path and open upstream into a feed channel (40) for external flue gas and downstream into the cylinder (4') for the second primary air current (Fig. 2).
10. Method for the operation of the burner according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the secondary air issues at a speed from the tubes conducting it, which is greater than the exit speed of the primary air from the cylinder (4) conducting it.
EP86115025A 1985-11-28 1986-10-29 Burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuels Expired EP0225467B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3541987 1985-11-28
DE19853541987 DE3541987A1 (en) 1985-11-28 1985-11-28 BURNERS FOR LIQUID AND / OR GASEOUS FUELS

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0225467A2 EP0225467A2 (en) 1987-06-16
EP0225467A3 EP0225467A3 (en) 1988-08-31
EP0225467B1 true EP0225467B1 (en) 1989-12-20

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EP86115025A Expired EP0225467B1 (en) 1985-11-28 1986-10-29 Burner for liquid and/or gaseous fuels

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EP (1) EP0225467B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3541987A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3825291A1 (en) * 1988-07-26 1990-02-01 Ver Kesselwerke Ag METHOD AND COMBUSTION PLANT FOR COMBUSTION OF FOSSILER FUELS WITH REDUCED EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN
SE464542B (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-05-06 Aga Ab SEAT AND DEVICE FOR COMBUSTION OF SPIRITLY FLUID OR GASFUL FOSSIL BRAZLE
DE102007006243A1 (en) * 2007-02-08 2008-08-14 Messer Austria Gmbh Burner has burner nozzle discharged into treatment room by opening of burner support and burner nozzle is equipped with fuel inlet and supply for oxidizing agent
CN106594722A (en) * 2016-11-04 2017-04-26 北京航天石化技术装备工程有限公司 Bottom low nitrogen oxide gas burner
CN107559822B (en) * 2017-09-21 2020-06-09 哈尔滨工业大学 Central powder feeding rotational flow pulverized coal burner and over-fire air arrangement structure
RU2769616C2 (en) * 2018-12-25 2022-04-04 Ансальдо Энергия Свитзерленд Аг Injection head for the combustion chamber of a gas turbine

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT358702B (en) * 1975-01-27 1980-09-25 Manich Leo SWIRL BURNER FOR OIL AND / OR GAS OPERATION
DE3040830C2 (en) * 1980-10-30 1990-05-31 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Method of reducing NO? X? -Emissions from the combustion of nitrogenous fuels
DE3048201A1 (en) * 1980-12-20 1982-07-08 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Burner for nitrogen-bearing fuels, with coaxial primary air ducts - has furnace gas recirculating ducts to these ducts, pref. entering at restriction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0225467A2 (en) 1987-06-16
DE3541987C2 (en) 1989-03-30
EP0225467A3 (en) 1988-08-31
DE3541987A1 (en) 1987-06-04
DE3667719D1 (en) 1990-01-25

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