Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing more than three carbon atoms
  • C08L23/083—Copolymers of ethene with aliphatic polyenes, i.e. containing more than one unsaturated bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08L23/12—Polypropene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08L23/14—Copolymers of propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/26—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/28—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment by reaction with halogens or compounds containing halogen
  • C08L23/283—Halogenated homo- or copolymers of iso-olefins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L15/00—Compositions of rubber derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
  • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/06—Polyethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
  • C08L23/0869—Acids or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
  • C08L53/025—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified

Definitions

• A is a copolymer of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and ethylene
• B is an elastomer compatible with components (A) and (C) and C is a crystalline polymer or copolymer of propylene.
• Such formed parts have excellent paintability, a broad range of stiffness values and high impact and tensile strengths suitable for modern motor vehicle applications such as bumpers and facias and wheel covers.
• This invention relates to a method of forming articles having a high receptivity toward automotive paints by molding blends of (A), (B) , and (C) components and to such articles.
• polymer blends are replete with various disclosures of polymer blends.
• One particularly desirable class of polymer blends is one which can be used to form lightweight and durable articles.
• Such lightweight and durable articles have wide utility in the fabrication of finished products, such as in the fabrication of automobile parts, housings for various types * or equipment, toys and other types of finished products.
• When such lightweight and durable blends are uti ⁇ lized in producing the finished products it is often desirable to paint such articles.
• polymer blends that include components such as polypropylene and rubber, it is very difficult to paint articles formed therefrom with the paint being securely and durably adhered to the finished articles.
• the problem of paint adhesion is particularly difficult to solve when such polymer compositions as the well known TPO (thermoplastic olefin) compositions are utilized.
• TPO blends as being generally very desirable for such applications as ". . automobile bumpers, bumper skirts, trims, etc. . .”
• TPO blends have very desirable properties for many automotive applications.
• the one major disadvantage of all TPO blends has been the poor adhesion of automotive paints to formed TPO articles.
• TPO blends are useful for a wide variety of automotive applica ⁇ tions and that many inventors have worked toward improving the paint receptivity of these materials.
• the utility of TPO blends would be expanded in automo ⁇ tive and other markets should the adhering of paints, sealants and adhesives to them be made easier.
• Other pro ⁇ mising non-typical applications include flocked sheets for trunk liners and decorative rub strips which are now made of other plastics such as PUC to which paints adhere more readily.
• TPO type compositions are thermoplastic blends which are in effect mechanically blended compositions of synthetic rubber and polyolefins, such as polypropylene and polyethylene. TPO compositions are widely used in industry for fabricating lightweight and durable products for contour use in the automotive industry and in various other applications. TPO type products have gained wide acceptance in the automotive industry as a replacement for steel bumpers, body parts and the like. Because of the desirability of such materials for applications in the auto ⁇ motive industry, it is highly desirable to be able to paint such articles in such a fashion that there is little visible difference between such articles and the metallic parts of the vehicle.
• Blends similar to those utilized in accordance with the invention have been used for years for film and packaging applications. What is novel, however, is the use of these blends to achieve remarkable and unexpected improvements in paint receptivity with automotive paints, while at the same time preserving the other desirable properties of TPO blends.
• paint is used herein to include all types of coatings such as primers, surface treatments, adhesives, sealants and anything that may be applied to the surface of an article formed from these polymer blends, for the purpose of effecting adhesion to it.
• the parts are formed by molding a blend of (A) , (B) , and (C) components, the combinations of (A) + (B) + (C) being specific and identified, such that:
• (A) is a copolymer of ethylene and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid
• (B) is an elastomer which is compatible with components (A) and (C) and
• (C) is a crystalline polypropylene homopolymer or crystalline polypropylene copolymer of ethylene.
• the mixing ratio of these components is such as to satisfy:
• compositions of this invention can be molded or otherwise formed to produce finished articles that are lightweight, durable and have surfaces that are paint receptive whereby the finished articles can be painted and the paint cured at temperatures up to 300° F. and the paint coat will adhere to the articles to produce a durable and attractive finish.
• compositions are employed which can withstand an elevated temperature, for example 300° F. A composition withstands such a temperature when it does not thermally degrade, as by charring, or distort in shape to the point when it is not usable for its intended function (including fitting with other parts) at that temperature or when cooled down.
• coatings such as paint, primers, sealants, adhesives and surface treatments which give the best adhesion to this polymer blend are those which have carboxylic acid functional group of the ethylene acry ⁇ lic acid and ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers.
• these reactive components include but are not limited to epoxy resins, carbodiimides, enamines, keti ines, amines, and isocyanates.
• These and other components capable of reacting with carboxylic acid functional groups are well known in the coatings industry and have been used for years not only to impart adhesion to many substrates but also to react with free acid in some formulations to prevent unde ⁇ sirable acid catalyzed reactions.
• Polymer compositions useful for producing shaped, paint receptive motor vehicle parts such as wheel covers are molded from a blend of (A), (B) , and (C) components.
• Various other compatible polymers, fillers, reinforcing agents, stabilizers and pigment materials can be added to the polymer composition with the resulting polymer blend being capable of being formed into finished articles that have highly paint receptive surfaces.
• Component (A) is a copolymer of ethylene and an ethyle ⁇ nically unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
• the preferred acid copoylmers are ethylene acrylic acid copolymers (EAA) or ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers (EMAA) .
• EAA ethylene acrylic acid copolymers
• EMA ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers
• they can be any conventional ethylene and acrylic acid copolymer or any conventional ethylene and methacrylic acid copolymer. Blends of these may be used. Such materials are readily available in the market place.
• Such copolymers are normally produced by the free radical copolymerization of ethylene with acrylic acid or ethylene with methacrylic acid. The resulting copolymers have carboxylic acid groups along the backbone and/or side chains of the copolymer.
• the preferred ethylene acrylic acid copolymers or ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers that are used in the instant invention have at least about 5 percent by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid monomer units in the polymer chain. Copolymers of the lower acid content may be also be suitable; however, they were not commercially available for evaluation. Also, other higher homologs of the above described ethy ⁇ lene methacrylic acid copolymers such as ethylene ethacrylic acid or ethylene propacrylic acid copolymers may be suitable for use in this invention. They are not presently commer ⁇ cially available, so this could be not confirmed.
• the melt index of the ethylene acrylic acid or ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers is in the range of from about 1 to 300.
• the preferred melt index is between 5 and 30 ASTM 1238 condition E.
• Component (B) the elastomer component of the instant invention, can be virtually any elastomer that is compatible or can be rendered compatible with the remaining ingredients of the blend.
• the elastomer component can be ethylene propylene, ethylene-propylene diene monomer, styrene-butadiene-styrene, acrylonitrile butadiene, bromo- butyl rubber, etc.
• compatible is intended to mean that when the components of the blend are combined, the resultant blend can be molded or extruded or formed into parts that have commercial utility.
• Table 1 is a list of commercially available elastomers which were evaluated for use in the invention with positive results. TABLE 1
• Polysar 306 Ethylene-Propylene Polysar Polysar X2 Bromobutyl Polysar Krynac 19.65 Nitril Rubber Polysar Nordel 2722 Ethylene-Propylene-Hexadiene DuPont Vistalon 719 Ethylene-Propylene Exxon Kraton G 11650 Styrene Ethylene Butadiene Shell
• the ethylene-higher ⁇ -olefin copolymer may additionally contain up to about 12% of a diene such as 1,4 - hexadiene, norbornenes, alkylidene norbornenes, alke ⁇ nyl norbornenes, dicyclopentadiene and the like.
• the higher -olefin which is polymerized with ethylene to form the elastomer component can be any dissimilar ° * ⁇ -olefin of 3-12 carbon atoms such as propylene, pentene-1, hexene-1, heptene-1, octene-1, dodecene, 4-methylpentene-l, 3-methylbutene-1, vinylcyclohexane and the like.
• the dissimilar higher ⁇ ⁇ -olefin is propylene.
• the ethylene ° ⁇ -olefin, especially propylene copolymers, and methods of their preparation are well known in the art as for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,824,090.
• the polypropylene component, component (A) , of the pre ⁇ sent invention can be any conventional polypropylene.
• the preferred polypropylene components of the instant invention are polypropylenes having a melt index of from about 0.1 up to about 30. It has been found that polypropylene having a melt index in this range can be effectively blended with the other components of the invention to produce polymer blends that can be effectively molded or extruded, or otherwise formed to produce relatively low cost, lightweight and durable finished products that are paint receptive.
• the polypropylene component of the invention can be either a homopolymer of propylene or it can be a copolymer of propy ⁇ lene. When a copolymer of propylene and ethylene is uti ⁇ lized as the polypropylene component of this invention, the copolymer can either be a random or block copolymer.
• the rubber content of the blend is more in the range of about 15 - 60 weight percent.
• the upper limit of the ethylene acrylic acid or ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer is not particularly critical so long as the other polypropylene and rubber components are present in the above stated amounts. A minimum amount of 6% acid copolymer was required to achieve the desired results in all cases.
• Such other materials can be added to the polymer blends of this invention if desired.
• Such other materials may include other compatible polymers, such as polyethylene, ethylene ethyl acrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate, etc., and fillers and reinforcing agents such as mica, glass fibers, talc, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate and the like.
• pigmenting agents such as carbon black and the like to the blends of this invention. It has been found that the use of certain acidic carbon blacks enhances the adhesion properties of some of these blends.
• the polypropylene component of the invention can be a blend or a mixture of various polypropylenes such as a blend of homopolymer polypropylene along with various propylene copolymers.
• the blending or mixing of various components of the instant invention can be carried out using conventional mixing equipment such as Banbury mixers, as well as extru ⁇ sion mixing equipment. It will be understood that the polymer blends of the instant invention can be blended and then pelletized for easy storage, shipment and subsequent use.
• the polymer blends of this invention can be formed into useful articles by any known means such as by extruding the polymer blends, injection molding, blow molding, or thermo- forming.
• the preferred method is injection molding.
• the blends Once the blends have been formed into final finished articles, they can be painted with conventional types of paint which contain components which will react with the carboxylic acid in the blend and be sufficiently reactive with the paint, or be of sufficiently high molecular weight so as to anchor themselves in the polymer matrix of the paint.
• components may be epoxides, carbodiimides, enamines, ketimines, amines, iso ⁇ cyanates or any material that has functional groups capable of reacting with carboxylic acids.
• the finished articles may also be treated with any addi ⁇ tive that will react with the carboxylic acid prior to painting for the purpose of improving paint adhesion.
• Such treatment may include primers such as epoxy or urethane primers and their components.
• the paint will adhere to the finished products to form a durable and tough finish that will resist peeling, chipping, high humidity conditions and gasoline. It has been found that the polymer blends of this invention are especially useful for producing finished articles that are painted with u ethane-polyester paints, such as PPG Industries Durethane 700 HSE (High Solids Enamel) .
• test plaques measured approximately 3" x 6" and were approximately 0.125" thick.
• test plaques were first wiped clean with 1, 1, 1 trichloroethane (TCE). After the TCE evaporated from the surface, the test plaques were all painted by a procedure wherein PPG industries Durethane 700 HSE enamel was applied to the surface of the test plaque. The application of the Durethane 700 HSE was made by spraying the paint in two passes, to entirely coat the plaque surface with each pass. A 1.5 to 2 minute flash time was allowed between each of the passes. The dry film thickness of the paint was between about 1.5 to about 1.8 mils.
• TCE 1, 1, 1 trichloroethane
• the PPG Industries Durethane 700 HSE paint that was utilized in all of the tests is a high solids elastomeric enamel that is composed of a polyester urethane backbone. Following the application of both coats of the paint to the surface of the test plaques, the plaques were cured by baking at 250°F for one hour.
• the third test that was utilized to observe the paint adhesion of paint to the polymer blends of this invention utilized test plaques that were painted in accordance with the above-mentioned procedure.
• the painted plaques were then placed in a humidity chamber that was maintained at 100% humdity at 38°C.
• the test plaques were removed after 96 hours of exposure and examined for blisters, dulling of paint or any change in paint appearance. Thereafter a razor knife was used to cut X-shaped cross hatches through the paint film to the surface of the plaque and 3 M Company number 610 tape was applied to the cut area while pressing down with a fingernail or rubbing the backside of the tape with a pencil eraser. The tape was then removed by rapidly pulling the tape at a 90 degree angle to the surface of the test plaque.
• TEST IV Test IV quantitatively measures the force in lbs./in. to peel a 1" wide strip of coating from the molded test pla ⁇ ques.
• the test was initiated by pressing a 1" wide strip of tape onto the painted surface. A scribe along each side of the tape is made in the opposite direction of pull.
• the delamination of the paint from the plaque is initiated by raising the leading edge of the paint with a sharp metal blade. Once started, tape is attached to the backside of the delaminated paint and secured to the traversing clamp of an Instron unit. Using an Instron with a load cell of 0-20 lbs. the paint was pulled at a 90° angle to the plaque.
• Test I a method used by the automotive industry to evaluate paint durability, gave paint delamination at adhesion levels up to 0.7 lbs/in. In some cases, however, paints that had adhe ⁇ sion values of only 0.3 lbs/in. passed Test I. This appears to be caused by the tendency of the razor blade to force the coating into some of the softer substrates, thereby making it more difficult for the tape to pull it free.
• adhesion levels of 0.8 lbs/in. or greater were considered as being highly durable.
• Chart I demonstrates the use of homopolymer and copo ⁇ lymer polypropylene with two ethylene-propylene rubbers and various ethylene acrylic acid copolymers. It can be seen that initial paint adhesion is always improved by the addi- tio of ethylene acrylic acid to the formula.
• Chart II demonstrates the wide variety of commercial methylene - ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copo ⁇ lymers which may be successfully used in this invention.
• Chart III demonstrates the wide variety of elastomers which can be used in this invention. It was generally found that any elastomer which is or can be made compatible with polypropylene can be used in this invention. Even some incompatible blends demonstrated improved paint receptivity. They were commercially unsuitable, however.
• Chart IV demonstrates the superior solvent resistance of the formula containing Primacor 3440. This solvent resistance test. Test II is used to predict paint lift off from gasoline.
• Copolymer 46 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 51 51 53
• the methods of making functional or decorative articles which are used for the manufacture of motor vehicles may include use of various additives selected from anti-oxidants, ultraviolet ray absorbing agents, flame retardants, pigments, lacquer- bonding enhancers, platicizers, lubricants and anti-static agents in the blends.
• the anti-oxidants may be selected from the group consisting of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert- butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-a-dime-thylamino-p-cresol, 6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylanilino)-2,4-bis-octyl- thio-l,3,5-triazine, n-octadecyl-3-(4'-hydroxy-3, '5' ,-di- tert-butylphenyl) propionate, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- methylphenol (BHT) ,tris-(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert- butylphenyl) butane, tetrakis-[methylene 3-
• the ultraviolet ray absorbing agents may be selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone 2-hydroxy-4-octadecyloxy-benzophenone, 4-dodecyloxy-2- hydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone, 2-(2*-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5*-methylphenyl)-5- chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)- 5-chloro-benzotriazole, nickel-bis-(orthoethyl-3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) phosphonate and bis (2,6-dimethyl-4- piperidyl) sebacate.
• the pigment if employed, may be selected from the group consisting of carbon black and titanium dioxide, while a pro ⁇ cess oil is a suitable plasticizer.
• a satisfactory lubricant comprises a fatty acid metal salt.
• the talc particles are preferably coated with at least one member selected from organic t.itanate coupling agents, silane coupling agents, fatty acids, fatty acid metal salts and fatty acid esters.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

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• 1986
  • 1986-02-19 EP EP19860901628 patent/EP0221908A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-02-19 JP JP61501251A patent/JPS62502265A/ja active Pending
  • 1986-02-19 WO PCT/US1986/000315 patent/WO1986004912A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1986-02-19 KR KR1019860700727A patent/KR880700016A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

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