EP0221887A2 - Procédé de stockage de gaz - Google Patents

Procédé de stockage de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0221887A2
EP0221887A2 EP86890288A EP86890288A EP0221887A2 EP 0221887 A2 EP0221887 A2 EP 0221887A2 EP 86890288 A EP86890288 A EP 86890288A EP 86890288 A EP86890288 A EP 86890288A EP 0221887 A2 EP0221887 A2 EP 0221887A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
compressed gas
liquid
separation vessel
compressed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86890288A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0221887A3 (fr
Inventor
Karl Dipl.-Ing. Faltejsek
Rainer Wawrina
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine AG
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Voestalpine AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine AG filed Critical Voestalpine AG
Publication of EP0221887A2 publication Critical patent/EP0221887A2/fr
Publication of EP0221887A3 publication Critical patent/EP0221887A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0017—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
    • F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04824—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming; Back-up procedures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for storing gases, in particular oxygen, by liquefaction, the gas being compressed first and after the expansion of part of the gas, this part is used for a heat exchanger for cooling the remaining compressed gas, whereupon the cooled compressed gas is partially is liquefied and expanded, and on an application of this method in a plant for the extraction and storage of gases.
  • the compressed amounts of oxygen obtained in continuous systems do not necessarily correspond to the current demand and if the demand fluctuates greatly, relatively large-scale and large-volume compressed gas stores for oxygen would have to be used. Above all, for longer and unforeseen interruptions in the oxygen removal, the continuous operation of a device for generating pressurized oxygen cannot be easily maintained in an economical manner. As soon as the available ones Compressed gas storage have reached the admission pressure, the elaborately separated pressurized oxygen must in turn be discharged into the atmosphere in the known devices via blow-off devices, with the oxygen compressor also continuing to operate in recirculation mode due to a usually provided surge limit prevention controller. In this circulating operation, the power consumption of the oxygen compressor is almost unchanged and a large proportion of the drive energy is destroyed in this way. By blowing off oxygen, the energy previously used for separating oxygen from air is also completely destroyed.
  • the invention is now aimed at bringing about a storage of gases in air production plants that produce continuously without any significant additional energy expenditure, without the need for large-volume storage.
  • pressurized gases in particular pressurized oxygen
  • this partially relaxed part of the compressed gas is used in a heat exchanger for cooling the remaining part of the compressed gas
  • that preferably the partially relaxed part of the compressed gas is expanded to about atmospheric pressure in a further expansion turbine and is thereby cooled just above the liquefaction temperature and via heat exchangers for cooling the remaining part of the Compressed gas is returned to the compressor, that the cooled and partially liquefied compressed gas in the heat exchangers is separated in at least one separation vessel in the gas and liquid phases and that the liquefied fraction after the separation from the gaseous fraction is stored in liquid stores.
  • the pressurized Oxygen already present can be converted into liquid oxygen at any time, but at the latest when the pressure accumulator has reached its admission pressure, without having to laboriously start up an additional system, which results in a significant reduction in volume.
  • the fact that a small part of the pressurized gas circulates continuously in the proposed circuit and the working temperatures in the apparatus are maintained by generating cold in the expansion turbines, can quickly switch over from the production of the pressurized gas or pressurized oxygen to the liquefaction of the gas, in particular the oxygen , be changed. This rapid switchover option is available at all times without affecting normal operation, in which the compressed gas, in particular the compressed oxygen, is supplied to the consumer.
  • the procedure according to the invention is such that the cooled and partially liquefied part of the compressed gas is partially separated into a liquid and a gaseous phase in a first separation vessel, that both phases from the first separation vessel after cooling in at least one Heat exchangers in a second separating vessel are expanded to superatmospheric pressure and the liquid portion can be introduced into a pressure fluid reservoir such that the gaseous portion from the second separating vessel and the part of the compressed gas supplied to it in a controlled manner for maintaining pressure are further cooled in heat exchangers against the expanded gas from the second expansion turbine and liquefied, that this part is expanded to atmospheric pressure in a third separation vessel, that the liquid portion is introduced into an unpressurized liquid reservoir and that the gaseous portion together with the gas portion from the second expansion turbine is returned to the compressor via heat exchangers.
  • the first separation vessel is mainly used for pumping up liquid oxygen in the pressure accumulators in the heat exchanger
  • These measures result in even greater flexibility and, in addition to the possibility of liquefying compressed gases, the possibility is created of carrying out pressure-less storage and storage under pressure.
  • This simultaneous pressure-free storage together with storage under pressure also enables a large number of additional heat exchange options, which significantly improve the economy of the process.
  • the procedure is such that the hydraulic fluid reservoir is fed by a pump from the unpressurized fluid reservoir and the pressure line is passed through a heat exchanger in which part of the compromised gaseous gas is passed Part is cooled from the first separation vessel, whereupon this portion is expanded into the second separation vessel.
  • a heat exchanger in which part of the compromised gaseous gas is passed Part is cooled from the first separation vessel, whereupon this portion is expanded into the second separation vessel.
  • the method is carried out in such a way that, after the hydraulic fluid reservoir has been loaded, the liquid portion from the second separation vessel, via a heat exchanger, also relaxes the third separation vessel is supplied to atmospheric pressure, whereby the economy of the procedure can be further improved.
  • Liquid is preferably fed from the hydraulic fluid reservoir under pressure to an evaporator and the compressed gas is fed to a compressed gas line.
  • compressed gas can also be quickly made available to the consumer without the compressed gas storage, as is usually provided, having to be correspondingly enlarged.
  • a further improvement in the energy balance can be achieved in that gas which evaporates from the unpressurized liquid reservoir is returned to the compressor via heat exchangers with the gaseous portion of the third separation vessel.
  • this multi-stage procedure allows flexible transition to liquefaction at different pressure levels.
  • flexible control of the switchover to liquefaction of a gas portion, in particular oxygen can be achieved by regulating the first expansion turbine to regulate the generation of the liquid portion depending on the position of the throttle in front of the compressor.
  • the compressor has a suction throttle valve, the position of which must be selected so that, starting from this position of the throttle valve, which must be at a distance from the fully open position, regulation is still possible.
  • the turbine controller is regulated as a function of the position of the throttle valve, then ensure that the optimal mode of operation is achieved in which the throttle valve of the compressor works close to its fully open position. In this way, the maximum amount of liquid oxygen is achieved largely independently of the compressed gas or compressed oxygen requirement.
  • the procedure according to the invention is primarily suitable for use in a plant for the extraction and storage of gases, in particular oxygen, in which the gas is introduced by a compressor into a compressed gas storage after an air separator and in which the partial gas liquefaction contributes to the storage of the compressed gas Reduction of the compressed gas extraction and / or as a reserve to cover a peak demand or the need in the event of failure of the air separator.
  • gases in particular oxygen
  • the gas is introduced by a compressor into a compressed gas storage after an air separator and in which the partial gas liquefaction contributes to the storage of the compressed gas Reduction of the compressed gas extraction and / or as a reserve to cover a peak demand or the need in the event of failure of the air separator.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment with two expansion turbines and FIG. 2 shows a modified embodiment with only one expansion turbine.
  • gaseous oxygen is drawn in from an air separator 1 by a compressor 2 via a throttle 3, which maintains a slight excess pressure between the air separator 1 and the compressor 2, and, depending on the state of charge of the compressed gas storage device 4, to a pressure between 20 and 40 bar compressed. If necessary, the oxygen is released via a reducing station 5 with excess pressure to a consumer (not shown further).
  • compressed oxygen is passed through a valve 6 with a pressure between 20 and 40 bar into a liquefaction system.
  • a first heat exchanger 7 is cooled to about 200 K.
  • a temperature control element 8 with which the temperature of the oxygen is adjusted to a temperature of 177 K by mixing with oxygen after cooling in a second heat exchanger 9
  • part of the compressed oxygen passes through a quantity control element 10, which is controlled as a function of the throttle 3 , in a first expansion turbine 11, where the oxygen is expanded to about 6 bar.
  • the first expansion turbine 11 is dimensioned, for example, so that it can be operated with both 40 and 20 bar admission pressure.
  • the back pressure is, for example, a constant 6 bar.
  • the control is carried out in such a way that the turbine outlet temperatures are kept constant. For example, if the back pressure is fixed, the temperature in the exhaust pipe must be determined, in the turbine - in the exhaust gas diffuser at the high temperatures that occur there Speeds - just no condensation occurs. The temperature of about 125 K reached during the expansion is above the liquefaction temperature of the oxygen at this pressure.
  • the cooled oxygen is passed through heat exchangers 12 and 13 to cool the non-expanded residual gas and, after such warming up, reaches a second expansion turbine 14 via a quantity relay 15.
  • a temperature control element 16 for admixing cold gas which is between the heat exchangers 12 and 13 is provided.
  • the in the second expansion turbine 14 expanded to almost atmospheric pressure, but still gaseous oxygen is returned via the heat exchangers 19, 18, 17, 13, 12, 9 and 7 in front of the throttle 3 of the compressor 2 and recirculated.
  • the portion of the compressed oxygen that is not expanded after the heat exchangers 7 and 9 is further cooled in the heat exchanger 12 against the gas flow from the two expansion turbines 11 and 14, partially liquefied and separated into a liquid and a gaseous phase in a first separation vessel 20.
  • part of the gaseous fraction from the first separation vessel 20 is cooled further together with the liquid fraction in the heat exchanger 17 and expanded via a throttle valve 21 into a second separation vessel 22 to a pressure of 20 bar.
  • the liquid portion from the separation vessel 22 is fed into a hydraulic fluid reservoir 24 via a switchover valve 23.
  • a pressure regulator 25 in the gas path upstream of the first separation vessel 20 and the heat exchanger 18 takes over the pressure control of the second separation vessel 22 and thus of the pressure fluid reservoir 24.
  • the gaseous fraction from the second separation vessel 22 is transferred via the heat exchangers 18 and 19 passed, wherein the oxygen is already liquefied in the heat exchanger 18.
  • the liquid can also be supplied Share from the second separation vessel 22 into the line between the heat exchangers 18 and 19.
  • the supercooled oxygen from the heat exchangers 18 and 19 is expanded to atmospheric pressure via a throttle valve 26 in a third separating vessel 27 and the liquid portion is fed into an unpressurized liquid reservoir 28.
  • the gaseous fraction from the third separation vessel 27 and the evaporation losses from the unpressurized liquid reservoir 28 are returned together with the gaseous oxygen from the second expansion turbine 14 to the compressor 2 via the heat exchanger.
  • pressureless fluid can be pumped into the hydraulic fluid reservoir 24 via the pump 29 and the check valve 30.
  • the pressurized liquid phase is used in the heat exchanger 31 to liquefy part of the compressed gaseous fraction from the first separation vessel 20, this liquefied oxygen now being fed to the liquid oxygen upstream of the throttle valve 21 of the second separation vessel 22.
  • liquid oxygen is evaporated from the pressure fluid reservoir 24 via a valve 32 in the evaporator 33 and fed into the pressure line to the consumer.
  • the heat exchangers 9 and 12, 13 and 17 or 18 and 19 shown separately are expediently combined in one apparatus. It is basically possible to assemble all heat exchangers in one block. Due to the similar temperatures, the above-mentioned pairings are expediently carried out, the heat exchangers 9 and 12 being formed with two and the others with an intermediate outlet.
  • the closing element 6 in the compressed gas supply is also closed; the heat exchanger chain is kept largely cold via the evaporation losses of the unpressurized store 28.
  • This circuit can be further thermodynamically optimized by arranging 3 expansion turbines, each with a lower pressure drop; the yield of liquid increases.
  • liquid oxygen can also be obtained continuously in the compressor 2 with little additional energy expenditure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP19860890288 1985-11-08 1986-10-23 Procédé de stockage de gaz Withdrawn EP0221887A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT325985A AT385113B (de) 1985-11-08 1985-11-08 Verfahren zur speicherung von gasen
AT3259/85 1985-11-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0221887A2 true EP0221887A2 (fr) 1987-05-13
EP0221887A3 EP0221887A3 (fr) 1988-01-13

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ID=3547813

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860890288 Withdrawn EP0221887A3 (fr) 1985-11-08 1986-10-23 Procédé de stockage de gaz

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0221887A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62112979A (fr)
AT (1) AT385113B (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990008295A1 (fr) * 1989-01-12 1990-07-26 Eric Murray Smith Procede et appareil permettant de produire de l'oxygene liquide et de l'hydrogene liquide
WO2003025344A1 (fr) * 2001-09-20 2003-03-27 Gregory Orme Procedes de construction dans l'espace
US7213400B2 (en) 2004-10-26 2007-05-08 Respironics In-X, Inc. Liquefying and storing a gas
US7913497B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2011-03-29 Respironics, Inc. Desiccant cartridge
WO2011036579A3 (fr) * 2009-09-28 2013-06-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Système et procédé de liquéfaction et de stockage d'un fluide

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3285028A (en) * 1964-01-06 1966-11-15 Air Prod & Chem Refrigeration method
US3358460A (en) * 1965-10-08 1967-12-19 Air Reduction Nitrogen liquefaction with plural work expansion of feed as refrigerant

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1268688A (en) * 1969-10-15 1972-03-29 Southern Gas Board Improvements in off-peak natural gas storage
DE2434238A1 (de) * 1974-07-16 1976-01-29 Linde Ag Verfahren zur speicherung und rueckgewinnung von energie

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3285028A (en) * 1964-01-06 1966-11-15 Air Prod & Chem Refrigeration method
US3358460A (en) * 1965-10-08 1967-12-19 Air Reduction Nitrogen liquefaction with plural work expansion of feed as refrigerant

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990008295A1 (fr) * 1989-01-12 1990-07-26 Eric Murray Smith Procede et appareil permettant de produire de l'oxygene liquide et de l'hydrogene liquide
GB2234054A (en) * 1989-01-12 1991-01-23 Eric Murray Smith Method and apparatus for the production of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen
WO2003025344A1 (fr) * 2001-09-20 2003-03-27 Gregory Orme Procedes de construction dans l'espace
US7913497B2 (en) 2004-07-01 2011-03-29 Respironics, Inc. Desiccant cartridge
US7213400B2 (en) 2004-10-26 2007-05-08 Respironics In-X, Inc. Liquefying and storing a gas
US7318327B2 (en) 2004-10-26 2008-01-15 Respironics In-X, Inc. Liquefying and storing a gas
US7555916B2 (en) 2004-10-26 2009-07-07 Respironics In-X, Inc. Liquefying and storing a gas
WO2011036579A3 (fr) * 2009-09-28 2013-06-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Système et procédé de liquéfaction et de stockage d'un fluide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0221887A3 (fr) 1988-01-13
JPS62112979A (ja) 1987-05-23
AT385113B (de) 1988-02-25
ATA325985A (de) 1987-07-15

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