EP0219591B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un corps d'injecteur - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un corps d'injecteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0219591B1
EP0219591B1 EP85890262A EP85890262A EP0219591B1 EP 0219591 B1 EP0219591 B1 EP 0219591B1 EP 85890262 A EP85890262 A EP 85890262A EP 85890262 A EP85890262 A EP 85890262A EP 0219591 B1 EP0219591 B1 EP 0219591B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
arbor
seating face
process according
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85890262A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0219591A1 (fr
Inventor
Maximilian Dipl.-Ing. Kronberger
Edwin Dipl.-Ing. Till
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Priority to EP85890262A priority Critical patent/EP0219591B1/fr
Priority to DE8585890262T priority patent/DE3567062D1/de
Priority to AT85890262T priority patent/ATE39546T1/de
Priority to US06/921,195 priority patent/US4819871A/en
Priority to JP61250620A priority patent/JPS62101881A/ja
Publication of EP0219591A1 publication Critical patent/EP0219591A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0219591B1 publication Critical patent/EP0219591B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49428—Gas and water specific plumbing component making
    • Y10T29/49432—Nozzle making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an injection nozzle body for injection nozzles for internal combustion engines, in particular for high-speed diesel engines, with spray holes emanating from the seat surface of a nozzle needle.
  • Injection nozzles the duration of which is controlled as a function of nozzle needles moved in the axial direction, are part of the prior art.
  • the stress on the material of the nozzle needle body in the region of the nozzle needle seat, which can subsequently lead to the nozzle needle body breaking, is composed of a series of individual stresses, which are listed below, for example.
  • a pulsating hydrostatic pressure with an average supply pressure of approximately 200 bar in particular causes high circumferential tensions, whereby this pulsating hydrostatic pressure naturally also results in high dynamic pressure peaks.
  • the nozzle needle has to hit the nozzle needle seat at a relatively high speed, as a result of which longitudinal stresses are introduced into the nozzle needle body. These longitudinal stresses overlap with the high circumferential stresses caused by the hydrostatic pressure.
  • the spray holes themselves have a pronounced notch effect, so that in the event of a break, the root of the break usually originates from the spray holes themselves.
  • a cavitation can often be observed on the inlet side of the spray holes due to the fuel, which leads to intercrystalline notches and thereby further reinforces the notch effect per se by the arrangement of the spray holes.
  • the outside of injection nozzle bodies for internal combustion engines is subjected to temperatures in the order of magnitude of 350 ° C., a relatively clear temperature gradient developing over the wall thickness of the nozzle needle body, which decreases steeply towards the inside.
  • hot gas corrosion occurs inside the nozzle body through the penetration of combustion gases through the spray holes. Overall, the interaction of a pulsating three-axis tensile stress condition with notch and corrosion effects is particularly disadvantageous.
  • DE-A-1 583 992 has already disclosed a method for strengthening thick-walled pipes, in which, among other things, a ball is driven through a tube, which has a larger outer diameter than the nominal inner diameter of the tube. Furthermore, it is already known to convert the pressure and stress zones within a pipe into a defined basic state by means of appropriate combined temperature and pressure treatment over the pipe thickness, in which a tensile stress is observed outside and a compressive stress is observed inside.
  • the valve In order to prevent hot gas corrosion in the interior of the nozzle body, the valve must close before the pressure in the combustion chamber, that is to say outside the nozzle body, is greater than the pressure in the interior of the nozzle body. On the one hand, the valve must start to close as early as possible and on the other hand, it must close as quickly as possible.
  • the closing begins as soon as the hydraulic force on the valve needle has dropped below the force of the closing spring. Since the contact area for the hydraulic pressure when the needle is open is larger than when the needle is closed - the ratio of these areas is expressed by the closing ratio - the closing pressure is always less than the opening pressure. In order to start closing as early as possible, the seat diameter must be as small as possible, but the surface pressure on the valve seat increases.
  • the invention now aims to provide a method for the production of injection hole bodies drilled in the seat hole, in which the strength is increased to such an extent that the valve needle can still be closed suddenly even at high injection pressure and has a favorable seating relationship.
  • the method according to the invention is essentially characterized in that residual compressive stresses of between 50 and 300 N / mrn2 are applied to the seat surface of the nozzle needle, which go to 0 at a depth of 30 to 70% of the wall thickness of the injection nozzle body, starting from the seat surface .
  • the method according to the invention is preferably carried out in such a way that the nozzle body in the region of the nozzle needle seat surface is deformed over the distance limit by means of a mandrel acting on the sealing surface of the nozzle body, the plastic deformation only over extends part of the wall thickness of the nozzle body in the region of the nozzle needle seat. Due to the fact that the nozzle body is deformed beyond the yield point in the area of the nozzle needle seat surface, residual residual stresses, namely compressive stresses, remain on the inside of the nozzle body in the area of the seat surface, since the plastically deformed regions are put under pressure by the elastically deformed zones located further out.
  • these residual residual stresses mean that stress peaks can be safely absorbed, while the residual stresses in the area of the spray holes significantly reduce the notch effects.
  • This local consolidation also makes it possible to reduce the needle diameter because the surface pressure can be increased by the valve needle. This leads to a more favorable seating ratio and, within certain limits, to a lower mass of the nozzle needle, which in turn enables faster closing.
  • forces between 3000 N and 7000 N preferably, can be used with nozzles of the size used for high-speed diesel engines 5000 N, are applied so that they increase from 0 to the nominal value in 0.5 to 3 seconds, preferably 1 second.
  • the nozzle body usually consists of high-temperature, tough, high-temperature corrosion-resistant special steel with high strength and can be case-hardened or nitrided before treatment.
  • the deformation which is to be restricted essentially to the region of the nozzle needle seat, can be carried out in a simple manner by means of a dome with a shape that is matched to the seat surface.
  • the configuration with a spherical or stepped conical shape is particularly preferred, in which the extent of the plastic deformation can also be geometrically concentrated on preferred areas of the seat surface. In this way, the zones of greatest prestress can be shifted into the area of the mouth of the spray holes, for which purpose the method is preferably carried out in such a way that a spherical shape of the dome is formed such that the dome touches the seat surface prior to the deformation along a circle takes place, which is adjacent to the spray holes.
  • the greatest residual compressive stress can be shifted into the area of the spray holes (itself), the crowning of the work surfaces of the dome being greatest at the point that, when the tool is in contact, touches the seat along a circle in which the upper edges meet of the spray holes.
  • the greatest pressure preload occurs at the point of the highest circumferential stress peak and somewhat above - at the point at which the needle stroke, which is strengthened by the desired favorable seating ratio, has the greatest effect.
  • the spherical contour can be approximated by a polygon, in which case a stepped conical formation of the mandrel arises.
  • a stepped conical design offers a significant simplification and cheaper manufacture of the mandrel, whereby due to the small angle differences between individual truncated cone shells there is no adverse influence on the stress pattern.
  • the deformation itself can be carried out in a particularly simple manner by means of the nozzle needle.
  • This nozzle needle can have a conical, offset conical or spherical seat surface, no special tool being required and the precise guidance of the needle in the upper part of the nozzle body being ensured.
  • the sealing surfaces that is the part of the seat above the spray hole mouth, are embossed so that they seal particularly well later in operation. The sealing gap can therefore be shorter, which again benefits the seating position.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in a simple manner in such a way that the compressive residual stresses are introduced through a mandrel with an outside diameter adapted to the inside width of the nozzle body and a conical, offset conical or crowned pressing surface at the end to be inserted into the nozzle body supported by an abutment, wherein an axial drive, in particular a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit or a spindle drive is specified for the free end of the mandrel.
  • the guide seat of a nozzle needle in the upper part of the nozzle body means that separate guidance of the tool can be dispensed with, the nozzle needle itself naturally being particularly suitable as a tool in a particularly simple manner.
  • FIG. 1 shows an axial section through a nozzle body with an inserted nozzle needle according to the prior art
  • 2 and 3 special needle or tool shapes in the area of the needle seat
  • 4 shows a schematic illustration of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, partly in section
  • 5 shows a graphical representation of the stress state in the area of the seat after the action of a deformation force with a conical tool
  • FIG. 6 shows a graphical representation of the stress state in the region of the Seat after a deformation force with a crowned tool.
  • nozzle body 1 shows a nozzle body 1, in which a nozzle needle 2 is displaceably guided in the axial direction.
  • the nozzle needle 2 has a frustoconical end region 3, which cooperates with a seat 4 in the interior of the nozzle body 1. Starting from this seat 4, spray holes 5 are shown.
  • the spray holes 5 are opened and closed by axial movement of the nozzle needle 2. 1, they are located on a relatively small diameter.
  • the seat 4 ends in a blind hole 6.
  • FIG. 2 shows the spherical shape of a tool or a nozzle needle 2, in which the design is such that when the force is applied it first touches the seat surface of the nozzle body along a circle 7, which is in the region 8 of the upper edges of the spray hole openings runs.
  • a tool or a nozzle needle shaped in this way is acted upon in the direction of arrow 9, pressing forces are exerted in the area of the needle seat 4, the action being to take place such that the forces in the direction of arrow 9 for plastic deformation at least in area 8 of the needle seat 4 are sufficient.
  • the plastic deformation should not extend over the entire cross-sectional area or wall thickness of the nozzle needle body 1 in the region of the seat surface.
  • a stepped conical shape can also be selected, as suggested in FIG. 3.
  • the design here is such that the nozzle needle 2 initially has a conical lateral surface with a first angle a for the conicity in the area of the needle seat. Subsequently, in the axial direction, starting from the tip, a second offset jacket surface is arranged at an angle ⁇ and subsequently a third offset jacket surface at an angle y.
  • the design here is such that the angle a is chosen to be smaller than the angle ⁇ and the angle ⁇ to be smaller than the angle y, as a result of which an approximation of the crowning can be achieved by means of a polygonal train.
  • FIG. 1 A simple device for carrying out the method according to the invention is illustrated in FIG.
  • the nozzle body 1 is supported against an abutment 10 and a hydraulic press 11 is provided, by means of which a force in the direction of the arrow 9 can be exerted on a tool or a nozzle needle 2.
  • the tool 2 is guided in the clear width of the nozzle body, which can be assumed in particular if the tool is formed by the nozzle needle 2 itself.
  • the forces introduced are effective in the area of the seat surface 4, the forces having a particular effect on the lower edge or the upper edge of the taper when the tool or the nozzle needle is conical. In the case of a more or less crowned configuration, the point of attack can be shifted to certain cross-sectional planes in the vertical direction in order to achieve the desired effect.
  • the schematic representation in FIG. 5 shows how the introduction of pressure into a tool 2 takes effect, or which residual residual stresses remain after the pressure has been reduced.
  • the seat 4 is shown enlarged in FIG. 5.
  • the individual lines define areas with the same residual residual stresses in the circumferential direction.
  • the stresses are defined in descending order from 3 to 8 as compressive stresses, with 9 a neutral zone is defined, whereas the areas 10 already characterize tensile stresses.
  • a qualitative picture of this type results after the application of a force in the direction of arrow 9 as residual stress after the relief.
  • Stress patterns, as shown in FIG. 5, can be calculated in advance using the finite element method, whereby for the sake of order it is again stated that the simplified representation in FIG. 5 only illustrates the residual stresses in the circumferential direction after the action of a conical tool.
  • FIG. 6 shows a representation of the peripheral stresses analogous to FIG. 5 after the action of a tool with a spherical contour.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Procédé de fabrication d'un corps d'injecteur (1) pour des injecteurs pour moteurs à combustion interne, en particulier des moteurs Diesel rapides, comprenant des trous d'injection (5) partant de la surface d'appui (4) d'une aiguille d'injection (2), caractérisé en ce que la surface d'appui (4) de l'aiguille d'injection (2) est soumise à des contraintes de compression internes comprises entre 50 et 300 N/mm2 qui, partant de la surface d'appui (4), tendent vers 0 à une profondeur de 30 à 70% de l'épaisseur de paroi du corps d'injecteur (1 ).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, dans la zone de la surface d'appui (4) de l'aiguille d'injection, le corps d'injecteur (1) est deformé au-delà de la limite d'étirage au moyen d'un mandrin agissant sur la surface d'étanchéité du corps d'injecteur (1), la déformation plastique ne s'étendant que sur une partie de l'épaisseur de paroi du corps d'injecteur (1) dans la région de la surface d'appui (4) de l'aiguille d'injection.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la déformation est réalisée au moyen d'un mandrin de forme bombée.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une forme bombée du mandrin est réalisée de telle façon que le contact entre le mandrin et la surface d'appui (4) avant la déformation se fait le long d'un cercle (7) qui avoisine les trous d'injections (5), en particulier en touchant ou en coupant ces derniers.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisée en ce que la déformation est effectuée au moyen de l'aiguille d'injection (2) elle-même.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que des forces comprises entre 3000 N et 7000 N, de préférence d'environ 5000 N, sont appliquées au mandrin ou à l'aiguille d'injection (2).
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse de l'application de force est choisie de telle façon que la pleine force agit sur la surface d'appui (4) 0,5 à 3s, de préférence environ 1 s, après le début de l'application de la force.
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les contraintes de compression internes sont introduites par un mandrin dont le diamètre extérieur est adapté au diamètre intérieur du corps d'injecteur (1) et par une surface de pression conique, conique étagée ou bombée sur l'extrémité à introduire dans le corps d'injecteur (1) soutenu par une butée, la force axiale étant appliquée à l'extrémité libre du mandrin par un système d'entraînement (11), en particulier par un système de cylindre-piston hydraulique ou par une commande de broche.
EP85890262A 1985-10-22 1985-10-22 Procédé de fabrication d'un corps d'injecteur Expired EP0219591B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP85890262A EP0219591B1 (fr) 1985-10-22 1985-10-22 Procédé de fabrication d'un corps d'injecteur
DE8585890262T DE3567062D1 (en) 1985-10-22 1985-10-22 Method of manufacturing an injection nozzle housing
AT85890262T ATE39546T1 (de) 1985-10-22 1985-10-22 Verfahren zum herstellen eines einspritzduesenkoerpers.
US06/921,195 US4819871A (en) 1985-10-22 1986-10-21 Process of manufacturing a fuel injection nozzle body and apparatus for carrying out the process
JP61250620A JPS62101881A (ja) 1985-10-22 1986-10-21 燃料噴射ノズル本体並びにその製造方法及び製造細置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP85890262A EP0219591B1 (fr) 1985-10-22 1985-10-22 Procédé de fabrication d'un corps d'injecteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0219591A1 EP0219591A1 (fr) 1987-04-29
EP0219591B1 true EP0219591B1 (fr) 1988-12-28

Family

ID=8194757

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85890262A Expired EP0219591B1 (fr) 1985-10-22 1985-10-22 Procédé de fabrication d'un corps d'injecteur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4819871A (fr)
EP (1) EP0219591B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62101881A (fr)
AT (1) ATE39546T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3567062D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004035292B4 (de) * 2004-07-21 2016-12-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorbehandlungsverfahren

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US4967959A (en) * 1989-06-22 1990-11-06 Siemens-Bendix Automotive Electronics L.P. Fuel injector having flat seat and needle fuel seal
US5242118A (en) * 1989-08-17 1993-09-07 Steyr-Daimler-Punch Ag Fuel injector for internal combustion engines
US5081766A (en) * 1990-10-11 1992-01-21 Siemens Automotive L.P. Method of making an electrically-operated fluid valve having improved sealing of the valve needle to the valve seat when the valve is closed
GB9203658D0 (en) * 1992-02-19 1992-04-08 Lucas Ind Plc Fuel injection nozzles
DE4411554A1 (de) * 1994-04-02 1995-10-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einspritzventil
DE19507171C1 (de) * 1995-03-02 1996-08-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
DE19507188C1 (de) * 1995-03-02 1996-08-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
DE19609218B4 (de) * 1996-03-09 2007-08-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
DE19618650B4 (de) * 1996-05-09 2006-04-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kraftstoffeinspritzventils für Brennkraftmaschinen
EP0809017A1 (fr) * 1996-05-22 1997-11-26 Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellschaft Injecteur de carburant à deux étages pour moteurs à combustion interne
US6000638A (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-12-14 Caterpillar Inc. Apparatus for strengthening a fuel injector tip member
JP4191445B2 (ja) * 2001-08-11 2008-12-03 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング 噴射弁
DE10163908A1 (de) * 2001-12-22 2003-07-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
US20060107526A1 (en) * 2004-11-22 2006-05-25 Von Bacho Paul S Iii Process for inserting flow passages in a work piece
DE102004063166A1 (de) * 2004-12-29 2006-07-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dosierungsvorrichtung für Flüssigkeiten
DE102005025135A1 (de) * 2005-06-01 2006-12-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
US7360722B2 (en) * 2005-08-25 2008-04-22 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector with grooved check member
US7578450B2 (en) * 2005-08-25 2009-08-25 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector with grooved check member
US20070200011A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-08-30 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector having nozzle member with annular groove
DE102009001933A1 (de) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Düsenkörpers
EP2392816B1 (fr) * 2010-06-03 2013-10-09 Delphi Technologies Holding S.à.r.l. Détente d'un système d'écoulement fluidique pressurisé
US8590815B2 (en) * 2010-06-24 2013-11-26 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector tip with compressive residual stress
US9611824B2 (en) * 2015-02-18 2017-04-04 Caterpillar Inc. Process for manufacturing an injector body

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004035292B4 (de) * 2004-07-21 2016-12-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorbehandlungsverfahren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE39546T1 (de) 1989-01-15
JPS62101881A (ja) 1987-05-12
DE3567062D1 (en) 1989-02-02
US4819871A (en) 1989-04-11
EP0219591A1 (fr) 1987-04-29

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