EP0216000A1 - Cliquet pour serrer ou pour desserrer des écrous ou des boulons - Google Patents

Cliquet pour serrer ou pour desserrer des écrous ou des boulons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0216000A1
EP0216000A1 EP19860100355 EP86100355A EP0216000A1 EP 0216000 A1 EP0216000 A1 EP 0216000A1 EP 19860100355 EP19860100355 EP 19860100355 EP 86100355 A EP86100355 A EP 86100355A EP 0216000 A1 EP0216000 A1 EP 0216000A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ratchet
housing
pawl
ratchet wheel
square
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19860100355
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Joachim Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19853534431 external-priority patent/DE3534431A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0216000A1 publication Critical patent/EP0216000A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B17/00—Hand-driven gear-operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/0078—Reaction arms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ratchet for tightening or loosening nuts or screws.
  • ratchets are known and comprise a housing with a shaft rotatably mounted therein, which carries a ratchet wheel integral with it and a square for attaching a nut with a key opening that matches the shape and width of the nut or screw to be rotated.
  • the ratchet wheel is assigned a pawl which is pivotally mounted in the housing and engages in the teeth of the ratchet wheel and is held in engagement with the teeth by a spring.
  • the invention has for its object to develop such a ratchet so that it can achieve significantly greater torques on the head of the nut or screw, with normal manual operation of the ratchet, than before, but there is no larger size for the ratchet should.
  • the object is achieved in that the end parts mounted in the side walls of the housing have an eccentric central part in which the pawl is mounted, and that the shaft has at least one end protruding from the housing square to attach a Has square wrench, the pawl at its end adjacent to the ratchet wheel has a rack that extends obliquely to the direction of action of the pawl.
  • the previous storage of the pawl is therefore left in a fixed bearing in the housing and instead the pawl is mounted on an eccentric, which is then mounted in the side walls of the housing and can be rotated by a key or a crank or a lever . Care is taken to ensure that the maximum eccentric stroke rotates the ratchet wheel by at least one tooth. For a given maximum eccentric stroke, the toothing of the ratchet wheel must then be chosen to be correspondingly small or, conversely, a sufficiently large eccentric stroke must be provided for a given toothing.
  • the ratchet according to the invention can not only be used in the previous manner in that the housing is pivoted about the axis of rotation of the ratchet wheel to such an extent that the pawl engaging in the toothing of the ratchet wheel at least one tooth or several teeth, while pivoting back of the housing the ratchet wheel stops and the pawl jumps over the teeth of the ratchet wheel.
  • the ratchet according to the invention can also be operated via the aforementioned eccentric, with the housing held in place. The pawl then pushes the ratchet wheel one or a few teeth further with each rotation of the eccentric. The torque exerted on the eccentric shaft by hand using a key or lever is thereby considerably increased.
  • the rack is expediently formed in one piece with the pawl.
  • the pawl 24 is pivoted by a spring 25 towards the ratchet wheel so that the rack is held in engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel.
  • the rack then lies approximately tangentially on the circumference of the ratchet wheel and engages with one of its teeth with a bulge in the toothing of the ratchet wheel.
  • the direction of action of the pawl extends from the point of contact of the eccentric with the recess in the pawl receiving it to the point of contact between the tooth in engagement with a bulge and this bulge.
  • the direction of action of the pawl does not run in the direction of the axis of rotation of the ratchet wheel, since otherwise the ratchet wheel would be blocked and not rotated when the eccentric was turned. Rather, the direction of action runs between these two extremes.
  • This in turn has the result that the engaging tooth of the pawl as well as the tooth of the ratchet wheel teeth adjacent to the bulge are not only subjected to shear at the tooth root. Rather, the force introduced by the tooth of the pawl into the bulge of the toothing of the ratchet wheel is directed inside the ratchet wheel, so that correspondingly higher forces can be transmitted.
  • the angle between the direction of action of the pawl and the rack is preferably 45 °.
  • the teeth of the pawl and the bulges of the ratchet wheel have a shape that is part of one and the same circular cylinder. With such a shape, the engaging tooth lies snugly over its entire circumference over the entire surface of the complementary bulge. You can get by with the same transmitted force with smaller teeth, because then the forces are better derived from the bulge in the interior of the ratchet wheel.
  • the housing of the ratchet according to the invention must be held in place when the ratchet wheel is operated via the eccentric and the pawl.
  • a stop attached to the housing and absorbing the reaction forces is provided.
  • the stop is a reaction plug pin which projects axially parallel to the ratchet wheel from the housing and one Has bore whose diameter corresponds to the pointed edge dimension of a nut or screw adjacent to the nut or screw to be turned.
  • the housing of the ratchet which is to be used for tightening such a wheel nut or wheel bolt, is thereby connected to an adjacent wheel nut or wheel bolt and thereby fixed, so that the reaction forces arising when tightening or loosening are absorbed by this neighboring nut or bolt.
  • the center of the reaction pin is in a fixed distance from the center of the nut or screw to be tightened, which then corresponds exactly to the distance between two adjacent nuts or screws in the rim.
  • reaction plug pin is connected to the housing via a reaction part which can be pivoted about a joint which is axially parallel to the ratchet wheel. You can then set different distances and use the ratchet for rims of different distances of the screws or nuts.
  • the reaction plug pin can preferably be pulled out of the bore in the housing or in the above-mentioned reaction part and can thereby be set flush with the end face of the nut connected to the ratchet wheel in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • a ratchet handle that is detachably screwed to the housing and a key that can be plugged onto the square of the eccentric shaft are provided. If you then want to use the ratchet in the usual way, i.e. without torque boost, you can leave the attachable key aside and operate the ratchet with the ratchet handle.
  • the ratchet according to the invention can be produced in a handy size without any particular effort and can therefore be carried in every tool bag, for example.
  • the parts of the ratchet according to the invention can also be installed in a conventional ratchet, with only slight changes in shape being required.
  • the ratchet according to the invention comprises a housing that is composed of two plate-shaped side walls 30 with the aid of connectors 31. All rotatable parts, which are described below, are stored in the side walls of this housing.
  • a ratchet wheel 26 at one end of the elongated housing, which is alternately provided with teeth and bulges 27a on its circumference.
  • a central square 28 in the ratchet wheel for receiving a rod-shaped connecting piece (not shown) with a square cross section.
  • the side wall of the housing is provided with a bore for receiving a nut 34, which also has an inner square 28a in its end to be inserted into the side wall, into which the square connector is inserted, which then connects the nut to the ratchet wheel 26 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • This eccentric shaft has, as can be seen particularly from FIG. 2, two cylindrical parts aligned with one another at their two ends, which are shaped to form square edges 23 on the outside.
  • a pawl 24 with a recess 24a at one end and an inclined end face provided with teeth 27 at its other end.
  • the eccentric 22 of the eccentric shaft 21 is received by the recess 24a of the pawl 24.
  • This recess is arranged obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the pawl 24, in such a way that the eccentric 22 moves the pawl 24 in the direction of the ratchet wheel 26 without being able to slide out of the recess 24a.
  • the teeth 27 arranged in the manner of a rack at the other end of the pawl 24 are pulled by the spring 25 against the teeth on the circumference of the ratchet wheel 26, one tooth 27 of the pawl engaging in a bulge 27a of the ratchet wheel.
  • the teeth and the bulges have the shape of partial cylinders with the same radius throughout.
  • the direction of the toothed rack formed by the teeth and integral with the pawl 24 extends obliquely to the direction of action of the pawl 24.
  • the ratchet housing is inserted into a drop center rim 37a, namely between the rim edge 37 and the thru axle 38 on the other hand, then the square socket on the outside of the nut 34 is placed on the hexagon head of the nut to be tightened or loosened or screw 29, as indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1.
  • a pivoting of the square wrench 23a which is placed on the opposite side of the housing on the square 23 of the eccentric shaft 21 projecting there, thus has a tightening or loosening of the nut or screw 29 with a much higher torque than can be done by hand with a simple one Key or a usual ratchet could result.
  • reaction part 32 On both sides of the side walls 30 of the housing there are plate-shaped pieces which are held together by connectors 36 and together a so-called form th reaction part 32.
  • This reaction part is connected to the housing at 33 by screws screwed into the side walls and can thus be pivoted to a certain extent.
  • Each of the two plates of the reaction part 32 is provided with a bore into which a tubular reaction plug pin 34b is inserted tightly.
  • the bore 34a of this reaction pin is so large that it can accommodate the head of a screw or nut, such as the screw or nut 29.
  • the reaction plug pin 34b can also be pulled out of one plate of the reaction part 32 and inserted into the opposite plate if the nut 34 is also on the opposite side.
  • the distance between the center of the nut 34 and the center of the reaction pin 34b is approximately as large as the average distance between two adjacent screws or nuts in a rim. Certain differences in this distance, such as occur with different wheel sizes and also with different makes, can now be easily compensated for by pivoting the reaction part 32 around its joint 33. As soon as the correct distance has been set, the ratchet can be attached with the nut to the nut or screw to be loosened or tightened and with the reaction plug pin 34b to the adjacent nut or screw. Then, when the square key 23a is actuated, the housing can no longer pivot under the action of the reaction forces, but instead transmits the torque to the screw or nut 29. In FIG. 1, the reaction plug bolts 34b, the nut 35 carrying it and the reaction part are in the upper part 32 shown with joint 33 and connectors 36.
  • a ratchet according to the invention, which in turn comprises a housing composed of two side walls 40 with an eccentric shaft 41 and square edges 43 at both ends thereof. At the other end of the ratchet there is a ratchet wheel 46 with an inner square 48a in a bore in the side walls. You can also see the bulges 47a on the periphery of the ratchet wheel and the retaining pin 45 for the spring that pulls the pawl against the ratchet wheel.
  • a nut 54 with an inner square is inserted into the aforementioned bore in one of the side walls of the housing and is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the ratchet wheel 46 by a square connector 48.
  • a ratchet handle 52 is arranged and screwed to the housing.
  • the ratchet can be used in a conventional manner and, if desired, extension pieces can also be pushed onto the end of the ratchet handle 52.
  • the ratchet also includes a key 43a with an inner square, which can be plugged onto the outer square 43 on one of the two sides of the eccentric shaft 41.
  • a square wrench With the help of this square wrench, the ratchet with torque amplification can be used. However, care must be taken to ensure that the ratchet handle 52 rests on a corresponding part of the machine into which the screw or nut is to be screwed or unscrewed. The reaction forces which are generated when the square key 43a is actuated are then absorbed by the ratchet handle 52.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
EP19860100355 1985-09-27 1986-01-13 Cliquet pour serrer ou pour desserrer des écrous ou des boulons Withdrawn EP0216000A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3534431 1985-09-27
DE19853534431 DE3534431A1 (de) 1985-01-16 1985-09-27 Ratsche mit integriertem drehmomentverstaerker

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0216000A1 true EP0216000A1 (fr) 1987-04-01

Family

ID=6282076

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860100355 Withdrawn EP0216000A1 (fr) 1985-09-27 1986-01-13 Cliquet pour serrer ou pour desserrer des écrous ou des boulons

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0216000A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1688213A1 (fr) * 2005-02-02 2006-08-09 Ludwig Ehrhardt GmbH Unité articulée rotative
CH704058A1 (de) * 2010-11-08 2012-05-15 Josef Baettig Schraubenschlüssel mit Drehmomentverstärkung.
WO2019202181A1 (fr) * 2018-04-17 2019-10-24 Marco Antonio Rodriguez Ramirez Outil pour serrer ou desserrer différents éléments unidirectionnellement, indépendamment du sens de rotation de l'axe d'entrée (clé à double cliquet)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2945397A1 (de) * 1979-11-09 1981-05-27 Dietrich 8000 München Eckart Werkzeug zur direkten oder unterstuetzten ausfuehrung von drehbewegungen

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2945397A1 (de) * 1979-11-09 1981-05-27 Dietrich 8000 München Eckart Werkzeug zur direkten oder unterstuetzten ausfuehrung von drehbewegungen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1688213A1 (fr) * 2005-02-02 2006-08-09 Ludwig Ehrhardt GmbH Unité articulée rotative
CH704058A1 (de) * 2010-11-08 2012-05-15 Josef Baettig Schraubenschlüssel mit Drehmomentverstärkung.
WO2019202181A1 (fr) * 2018-04-17 2019-10-24 Marco Antonio Rodriguez Ramirez Outil pour serrer ou desserrer différents éléments unidirectionnellement, indépendamment du sens de rotation de l'axe d'entrée (clé à double cliquet)
US20210162570A1 (en) * 2018-04-17 2021-06-03 Marco Antonio Rodriguez Ramirez Tool for tightening or loosening different elements unidirectionally, regardless of the directon of rotation of the input shaft (double-ratchet wrench)

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