EP0201955A1 - Behandlungsverfahren eines aus einem Gemisch von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Alkoholen bestehenden Brennstoffs und so hergestelltes, aus selektiver Adsorption von Wasser erhaltenes Produkt - Google Patents
Behandlungsverfahren eines aus einem Gemisch von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Alkoholen bestehenden Brennstoffs und so hergestelltes, aus selektiver Adsorption von Wasser erhaltenes Produkt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0201955A1 EP0201955A1 EP86200666A EP86200666A EP0201955A1 EP 0201955 A1 EP0201955 A1 EP 0201955A1 EP 86200666 A EP86200666 A EP 86200666A EP 86200666 A EP86200666 A EP 86200666A EP 0201955 A1 EP0201955 A1 EP 0201955A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- mixture
- resin
- resins
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 des ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HIGRAKVNKLCVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumine Chemical compound C1=CC=[Al]C=C1 HIGRAKVNKLCVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003636 conditioned culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005115 demineralization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002328 demineralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G33/00—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G33/04—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with chemical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for treating a fuel composed of a mixture of hydrocarbon (s) and alcohol (s) having an alcohol content by volume of less than 10%; it extends to a product for selective adsorption of water in the presence of polar compounds.
- Alcohols and in particular methanol and ethanol, are alternative fuels which, added in small percentage to hydrocarbons, have the advantage of providing a fuel mixture requiring no modification or specific adjustment of traditional petrol engines.
- these mixtures are very sensitive to the presence of traces of water which cause a phenomenon of demixing leading to separation of the liquid into two phases of different densities: an upper phase containing the majority of the hydrocarbons and a polar lower phase rich in alcohol; this demixing phenomenon is all the more marked when the temperature of the mixture is low.
- it is impossible to rigorously avoid the presence of water in this type of mixture because of the inevitable contact of the latter with more or less humid atmospheres during storage, transport and distribution.
- a content of 500 p.p.m. of water is sufficient to produce the demixing at 11 ° C of a mixture composed of 5% methanol and 95% of premium fuel.
- US Pat. No. 4,279,620 describes a process for stabilizing a premium fuel / ethanol mixture, which consists in drying it by contact with a saturated solution of Ca C1 2 and with solid Ca C1 2 .
- the implementation of such a two-step process is relatively delicate; moreover, the calcium chloride which becomes deliquescent after hydration is the source of serious difficulties in the case of a continuous industrial implementation in a fixed bed.
- adsorbents of water commonly used in a fixed bed are mainly aluminas, molecular sieves and silica gel.
- the regeneration of the first two adsorbents takes place at high temperatures (250 ° to 300 ° C) and leads to significant energy consumption, so that their use would make the overall energy balance of alcohol fuels unfavorable.
- Silica gel can be regenerated at a more moderate temperature but is mechanically fragile, which makes it difficult to use.
- the present invention proposes to provide a new process for the treatment of fuels containing alcohols in order to prevent their demixing and to stabilize their homogeneity.
- An essential objective of the invention is to provide an economical method from an energy point of view.
- Another objective is to ensure rapid treatment making it possible to treat large quantities of fuels with moderate quantities of adsorbents.
- Another objective is to authorize continuous industrial implementation.
- the invention also aims to provide a new adsorption product having a preferential affinity with respect to water, which makes it possible to carry out drying in the presence of polar compounds.
- the treatment process targeted by the invention applies to fuels composed of a mixture of hydrocarbon (s) and alcohol (s) having an alcohol content by volume of less than 10%; this process consists in bringing the mixture into the presence of at least one ion-exchange resin, cationic, capable of dissociating strongly in ionic form in an aqueous medium, so as to adsorb part of the water dissolved in said mixture in order to to limit its water content to a value below the threshold for demixing said mixture to the minimum temperature for use.
- the ion-exchange resins mentioned above were capable of selectively fixing the water dissolved in the hydrocarbon / alcohol mixture, with good efficiency, making it easy to lower the water content of the fuel, below the demixing limit threshold (even in the case of a low value threshold corresponding to low operating temperatures expected for the fuel). These resins can be regenerated at low temperature (of the order of 120 ° C.) so that the process of the invention uses low levels of calories.
- ion exchange resins have so far been used on an industrial scale for the sole purpose of demineralization or softening by ion exchange, however, certain scientific publications mention the adsorbent properties of these resins with respect to -vis of different compounds and in particular water (CE WYP10RE, "Sulfonic-type cation-exchange resins as desiccants” Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Develop. 1962, Vol. 1 n ° 3, p. 173 at 178; JA BOHORQUEZ et al, "Application of strong cationic resins to the drying of organic solvents", Bull. Soc. Chim. de France, 1982, n ° 5-6 Part I, p. 193 to 196 and p. 197 to 201).
- it is well known to scientists specializing in this type of resins that their field of effectiveness is limited to apolar organic media.
- the prior art teaches a person skilled in the art that the targeted resins are incapable of selectively fixing water and would preferentially fix alcohol in the application concerned, taking into account the high percentage of alcohol relative to water. eliminate that the hydrocarbon / alcohol mixtures contain.
- the inventors rejected this prejudice and demonstrated experimentally that the targeted resins had, in a mixed hydrocarbon / alcohol medium, a selective power for adsorption of water, making it possible to eliminate most of the water initially present; this unexpected result is currently difficult to explain. Tests have shown that this selective water adsorption remains effective for fuels containing an alcohol content of less than about 10%; this area of efficiency covers the legal range of composition of hydrocarbon / alcohol fuel mixtures (decree of 9 October 1983 in the Official Journal FR).
- a cationic resin is used, packaged in the form of alkaline or alkaline earth salts.
- This type of resin has the advantage of not undergoing any degradation and therefore no loss of adsorption capacity, during the regeneration phases.
- the said resins are advantageously packaged in the form of potassium or in the form of magnesium; it is possible to use both ionic forms of resins at the same time.
- the resin packaged in potassium form has the advantage of having very fast adsorption kinetics and is therefore particularly well suited to continuous processing, the fuel being led to pass through a fixed bed of resin.
- the resin packaged in the form of magnesium has a much slower kinetics but a very high adsorption capacity (of the order of 5 times greater than the first); Consequently, this resin is more particularly suitable for batch processing in which it remains in situ in the fuel for long periods.
- the combination of the two resins and of the two implementations can make it possible, in certain applications, to cope, at the same time, with a rapid increase in the water content of the fuel (requiring rapid trapping), and with a slow evolution of this content (generally requiring the fixing of large quantities of water).
- the process of the invention can in particular be applied to hydrocarbon (s) / methanol, or hydrocarbon (s) / ethanol mixtures, optionally containing a third solvent consisting of an alcohol of higher molecular weight, in particular tert-butanol; the hydrocarbon can as well consist of a super-fuel as an ordinary fuel.
- the comparative examples given below relate to a fuel of known formulation (usually designated as "M3B2"), containing by volume (to within approximately 1%) 95% of super-fuel, 3% of methanol and 2% of tert-butanol.
- the invention extends, as such, to a product for the selective adsorption of water in the presence of polar compounds, comprising at least one cationic resin, capable of dissociating strongly in ionic form in aqueous and conditioned medium (s ) so as to contain on its ionic sites, either K + counterions, or Mg ++ counterions, or a coupling of two K + , Mg ++ counterions.
- the resin or resins of said adsorption product are in particular constituted by strong cationic sulfonic resins or weak cationic carboxylic resins.
- Example 1 Treatment in a fixed bed
- the dry adsorbent is introduced over a height of 10 cm.
- the M3B2 fuel is brought to pass through this bed, from top to bottom with a flow rate of 0.42 1 / h (passage speed: 0.066 cn / s); the initial water content of this fuel is in the example of 720 mg / l. The water content is measured at the end of the bed.
- the adsorbent according to the invention is, in this example, a cationic sulfonic resin packaged in potassium form, having a structure composed of the styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, type "X8" (bridging rate 8% of divinylbenzene); the particle size of this resin is between 50 and 100 mesh ("DOWEX 50 W” resin manufactured by the company Dow Chemical).
- Curves A, B, C, D in Figure 1 illustrate the results obtained respectively for these four adsorbents (on the abscissa is the amount of accumulated fuel treated, and on the ordinate, the water content of the fuel at the outlet).
- the adsorbent targeted by the invention proves to be by far the most effective and makes it possible to fix considerably greater quantities of water than the others and, therefore, to treat larger volumes of fuel for the same volume. adsorbent involved.
- the adsorbent according to the invention is, in this example, a cationic sulfonic resin packaged in magnesium form, having the same supporting structure as above.
- the curves E and F of FIG. 2 correspond respectively to the isotherms of these two adsorbents (on the abscissa is plotted in mg / 1 the water content of the fuel at equilibrium, and on the ordinate, in mg of water per g. D dry adsorbent, the water content of the adsorbent at equilibrium).
- the resin according to the invention has an adsorption capacity equivalent to, or even greater than, that of the molecular sieve which is considered to be remarkable.
- the essential advantage of the resin lies, on the one hand, in its much lower price, on the other hand, in its ease of regeneration which operates from low levels of calories (120 to 140 ° C), while the regeneration of the molecular sieve requires temperatures of the order of 250 ° C to 300 ° C.
- the demixing threshold is of the order of 800 p.p.m. of water by weight.
- the quantity of resin to be used is only about 120 kg.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8507650A FR2581558B1 (fr) | 1985-05-10 | 1985-05-10 | Procede de traitement d'un carburant compose d'un melange d'hydrocarbures et d'alcools, et produit d'adsorption selective d'eau |
FR8507650 | 1985-05-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0201955A1 true EP0201955A1 (de) | 1986-11-20 |
EP0201955B1 EP0201955B1 (de) | 1988-08-17 |
Family
ID=9319447
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86200666A Expired EP0201955B1 (de) | 1985-05-10 | 1986-04-21 | Behandlungsverfahren eines aus einem Gemisch von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Alkoholen bestehenden Brennstoffs und so hergestelltes, aus selektiver Adsorption von Wasser erhaltenes Produkt |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4889537A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0201955B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS61263608A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1270641A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3660551D1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2581558B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19902437C5 (de) * | 1999-01-22 | 2017-01-12 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schnellen Anfahren und zur schnellen Leistungssteigerung einer Gasturbinenanlage |
GB0425501D0 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2004-12-22 | Amersham Plc | Fluoridation process |
US9217737B2 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2015-12-22 | Butamax Advanced Biofuels Llc | Multimedia evaluation of butanol-containing fuels |
JP2012142174A (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-26 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp | 燃料電池用水素製造システム及び燃料電池システム、並びに、炭化水素系燃料の脱イオン方法及び水素製造方法 |
WO2012115081A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-30 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | 有機溶剤脱水装置 |
JP6024131B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-14 | 2016-11-09 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 有機溶剤脱水装置 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4279620A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1981-07-21 | Texaco Inc. | Novel process for treating gasahol |
US4316724A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-02-23 | Texaco Inc. | Gasoline and alcohol blends |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2861045A (en) * | 1954-11-15 | 1958-11-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Catalytic metal-modified resin |
US2862979A (en) * | 1957-01-23 | 1958-12-02 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Production of oxo dimer alcohols |
US3442924A (en) * | 1965-12-14 | 1969-05-06 | Toyo Ethyl Kk | Process for the preparation of mixed alkyl lead compounds |
US3988122A (en) * | 1971-06-25 | 1976-10-26 | Chevron Research Company | Motor fuel composition |
US4154580A (en) * | 1974-03-22 | 1979-05-15 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for producing a stabilized gasoline-alcohol fuel |
US4087471A (en) * | 1977-05-20 | 1978-05-02 | Petro-Tex Chemical Corporation | Fixed bed process for the production of t-butanol |
DE2944457A1 (de) * | 1979-11-03 | 1981-05-14 | EC Erdölchemie GmbH, 5000 Köln | Verfahren zur herstellung eines gemisches, bestehend im wesentlichen aus iso-buten-oligomeren und methyl-tert.-butyl-ether, seine verwendung und treibstoffe, enthaltend ein solches gemisch |
US4383836A (en) * | 1980-05-23 | 1983-05-17 | Texaco Inc. | Method for treating an aqueous ethanol mixture |
DE3122243A1 (de) * | 1980-06-09 | 1981-12-24 | Institut Français du Pétrole, 92502 Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine | Neue treibstoffe auf basis von butylalkohol und aceton |
US4334890A (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1982-06-15 | The Halcon Sd Group, Inc. | Process for gasoline blending stocks |
DE3120213A1 (de) * | 1981-05-21 | 1982-12-09 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur durchfuehrung katalytischer reaktionen in waessrigen medien |
US4541836A (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1985-09-17 | Union Carbide Corporation | Fuel compositions |
US4629710A (en) * | 1984-12-20 | 1986-12-16 | Smith Jr Lawrence A | Resin catalysts and method of preparation |
-
1985
- 1985-05-10 FR FR8507650A patent/FR2581558B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-04-21 DE DE8686200666T patent/DE3660551D1/de not_active Expired
- 1986-04-21 EP EP86200666A patent/EP0201955B1/de not_active Expired
- 1986-05-09 JP JP61105078A patent/JPS61263608A/ja active Pending
- 1986-05-09 CA CA000508766A patent/CA1270641A/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-05-12 US US06/861,971 patent/US4889537A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4279620A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1981-07-21 | Texaco Inc. | Novel process for treating gasahol |
US4316724A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-02-23 | Texaco Inc. | Gasoline and alcohol blends |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3660551D1 (en) | 1988-09-22 |
JPS61263608A (ja) | 1986-11-21 |
EP0201955B1 (de) | 1988-08-17 |
CA1270641A (fr) | 1990-06-26 |
FR2581558A1 (fr) | 1986-11-14 |
FR2581558B1 (fr) | 1987-06-26 |
US4889537A (en) | 1989-12-26 |
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