EP0193688B1 - Dosing tube for the precise distribution of doses of a pasty product - Google Patents

Dosing tube for the precise distribution of doses of a pasty product Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0193688B1
EP0193688B1 EP19850400433 EP85400433A EP0193688B1 EP 0193688 B1 EP0193688 B1 EP 0193688B1 EP 19850400433 EP19850400433 EP 19850400433 EP 85400433 A EP85400433 A EP 85400433A EP 0193688 B1 EP0193688 B1 EP 0193688B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
cross
pasty product
control button
control knob
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850400433
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0193688A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Louis Abel Besins
Richard Lauret
Régis Pignal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Laboratoires Besins Iscovesco SA
Original Assignee
Laboratoires Besins Iscovesco SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR8320114A priority Critical patent/FR2556696B1/en
Application filed by Laboratoires Besins Iscovesco SA filed Critical Laboratoires Besins Iscovesco SA
Priority to EP19850400433 priority patent/EP0193688B1/en
Priority to DE8585400433T priority patent/DE3565241D1/en
Publication of EP0193688A1 publication Critical patent/EP0193688A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0193688B1 publication Critical patent/EP0193688B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45DHAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D40/00Casings or accessories specially adapted for storing or handling solid or pasty toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. shaving soaps or lipsticks
    • A45D40/02Casings wherein movement of the lipstick or like solid is a sliding movement
    • A45D40/04Casings wherein movement of the lipstick or like solid is a sliding movement effected by a screw
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/0005Containers or packages provided with a piston or with a movable bottom or partition having approximately the same section as the container
    • B65D83/0011Containers or packages provided with a piston or with a movable bottom or partition having approximately the same section as the container moved by a screw-shaft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dosing tube for the precise distribution of doses of a pasty product.
  • Dosing tubes which comprise an elongated cylindrical body closed at one of its ends by a transverse wall pierced with an outlet for the pasty product and which carries, at its other end, a mounted control button coaxially in rotation, this control button being integral with a threaded axial rod which is screwed into an internal sliding piston.
  • a dosing tube of the aforementioned type is described, for example, in patents US-2,485,467 and FR-A-2,312,422.
  • the body of this metering tube can have a circular or non-circular cross section, in particular elliptical or polygonal.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a dosing tube of particularly simple design and taking advantage of the non-circular cross section of the body to allow high accuracy in the distribution of doses of pasty product to be obtained.
  • the cross section of the body and of the control button can be curved, for example oval or elliptical, or in the shape of a regular polygon such as equilateral triangle, square, etc. Because the control button has the same non-circular cross section (in terms of shape and size) as that of the body, the passage of this control button between two positions in each of which it is aligned with the body, is translated by a rotation of the control button a fraction of a turn relative to the body, a fraction which is well determined angularly and which in turn causes a well-determined longitudinal displacement of the internal piston ensuring the delivery of a precise elementary dose of pasty product through the outlet.
  • the dosing tube shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a cylindrical body 1 closed at one of its ends by a transverse wall 2 in the central part of which is formed an outlet orifice 3.
  • This body 1 contains a product pasty 4 which is forced through the outlet 3 by an internal piston 5 mounted to slide.
  • This piston 3 is pierced with a tapped central hole 6 which is crossed by an axial threaded rod 7.
  • This threaded rod 7 comes out of the body 1, through a front wall 8 opposite the front wall 2 pierced with the orifice 3 , and it is integral, at its outer end, with a transverse control button 9.
  • the rotation of this button 9 consequently causes that of the threaded rod 7 and correspondingly the sliding of the internal piston 5, in order to repress the pasty product at through the outlet 3.
  • the body 1 and the control button 9 have a non-circular cross section but which has a center of symmetry on the longitudinal axis zz 'of the body 1 and the button 9.
  • This cross section has substantially the shape of an ellipse in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3. If we consider the top view shown. by FIG. 3, we see that the major axis xx 'of the elliptical cross section of the control button 9 is found to be perpendicular to the major axis yy' of the elliptical cross section of the body 1. This corresponds to the middle of the elementary rotation of 180 ° of the control button 9 between the two positions in which it is located.
  • the elliptical cross-section control button 9 is located exactly in line with the. elongated body with elliptical cross section 1.
  • the elliptical cross section of the control button 9 can be strictly identical to that of the body 1 or slightly larger or smaller while remaining homothetic.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the dosing tube according to the invention in which the body 11 and the control button 12 each have a cross section in the form of an equilateral triangle.
  • each elementary rotation of the control button 12, relative to the body 11, between a position in which it is aligned with the body 11 and a following alignment position corresponds to an angle of 120 °.
  • the elementary dose leaving the dosing tube corresponds to an elementary displacement of the internal piston 5 driven by a third of a turn of the control button 12.
  • the dosing tube comprises a body 13 and a control button 14 can be turned by quarter of a turn, each quarter of a turn corresponding to a precise dose of pasty product leaving the dosing tube. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un tube doseur pour la distribution précise de doses d'un produit pâteux.The present invention relates to a dosing tube for the precise distribution of doses of a pasty product.

On connaît déjà des tubes doseurs qui comportent un corps allongé cylindrique fermé, à l'une de ses extrémités, par une paroi transversale percée d'un orifice de sortie du produit pâteux et qui porte, à son autre extrémité, un bouton de commande monté coaxialement à rotation, ce bouton de commande étant solidaire d'une tige axiale filetée qui est vissée dans un piston coulissant interne. Un tube doseur du type précité est décrit, par exemple, dans les brevets US-2 485 467 et FR-A-2 312 42Ô. Le corps de ce tube doseur peut avoir une section droite circulaire ou non, notamment elliptique ou polygonale. Dans un tel tube doseur la rotation du bouton de commande se traduit par un coulissement du piston en direction de l'orifice de sortie du tube doseur si bien que chaque rotation du bouton de commande entraîne la sortie d'une certaine quantité de produit pâteux à travers l'orifice percé dans la paroi frontale du tube doseur.Dosing tubes are already known which comprise an elongated cylindrical body closed at one of its ends by a transverse wall pierced with an outlet for the pasty product and which carries, at its other end, a mounted control button coaxially in rotation, this control button being integral with a threaded axial rod which is screwed into an internal sliding piston. A dosing tube of the aforementioned type is described, for example, in patents US-2,485,467 and FR-A-2,312,422. The body of this metering tube can have a circular or non-circular cross section, in particular elliptical or polygonal. In such a dosing tube the rotation of the control button results in a sliding of the piston in the direction of the outlet orifice of the dosing tube so that each rotation of the control button causes the exit of a certain quantity of pasty product at through the hole drilled in the front wall of the dosing tube.

Dans certaines applications il est nécessaire que l'utilisateur puisse contrôler avec précision la quantité de produit sortant du tube doseur chaque fois qu'il fait tourner le bouton de commande. On a déjà envisagé de prévoir, à cet effet, une fenêtre longitudinale transparente, avec une graduation, pour permettre de repérer le déplacement du piston entre deux repères successifs. Toutefois une telle façon de faire n'assure pas un dosage très précis et par ailleurs la fabrication d'un tel tube doseur est rendue plus complexe du fait de la nécessité d'avoir à prévoir cette fenêtre transparente.In some applications it is necessary for the user to be able to precisely control the amount of product leaving the dosing tube each time the control knob is turned. It has already been envisaged to provide, for this purpose, a transparent longitudinal window, with a graduation, to enable the displacement of the piston to be located between two successive marks. However, such a procedure does not ensure very precise dosing and, moreover, the manufacture of such a dosing tube is made more complex due to the need to have to provide this transparent window.

La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients en procurant un tube doseur de conception particulièrement simple et tirant parti de la section droite non-circulaire du corps pour permettre d'obtenir une grande précision dans la distribution des doses de produit pâteux.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a dosing tube of particularly simple design and taking advantage of the non-circular cross section of the body to allow high accuracy in the distribution of doses of pasty product to be obtained.

A cet effet, ce tube doseur pour la distribution de doses d'un produit pâteaux, comportant un corps allongé contenant le produit pâteux, ce corps allongé présentant une section droite non circulaire ayant un centre de symétrie sur l'axe longitudinal du corps, un orifice de sortie du produit pâteux prévu dans la paroi du corps, à une extrémité de celui-ci, un bouton de commande monté à rotation sur le corps, à l'extrémité de celui-ci qui est opposée à celle présentant l'orifice de sortie, un piston interne de même forme que celle de la section droite du corps et mobile à coulissement dans le corps, et des moyens pour transformer la rotation du bouton de commande en une translation du piston interne est caractérisé en ce que le bouton de commande a, en section droite, la même forme non circulaire que la section droite non circulaire du corps et sensiblement les mêmes dimensions que celles de cette section droite.To this end, this dosing tube for dispensing doses of a pastry product, comprising an elongated body containing the pasty product, this elongated body having a non-circular cross section having a center of symmetry on the longitudinal axis of the body, a outlet for the pasty product provided in the wall of the body, at one end thereof, a control button mounted for rotation on the body, at the end thereof which is opposite to that having the orifice outlet, an internal piston of the same shape as that of the straight section of the body and movable to slide in the body, and means for transforming the rotation of the control button into a translation of the internal piston is characterized in that the control button has, in cross section, the same non-circular shape as the non-circular cross section of the body and substantially the same dimensions as those of this cross section.

La section droite du corps et du bouton de commande peut être courbe, par exemple ovale ou elliptique, ou en forme de polygone régulier tel que triangle équilatéral, carré, etc. Du fait que le bouton de commande présente la même section droite non circulaire (du point de vue forme et dimension) que celle du corps, le passage de ce bouton de commande entre deux positions dans chacune desquelles il se trouve aligné avec le corps, se traduit par une rotation du bouton de commande d'une fraction de tour par rapport au corps, fraction qui est bien déterminée angulaire- ment et qui entraîne à son tour un déplacement longitudinal bien déterminé du piston interne assurant le refoulement d'une dose élémentaire précise du produit pâteux a travers l'orifice de sortie.The cross section of the body and of the control button can be curved, for example oval or elliptical, or in the shape of a regular polygon such as equilateral triangle, square, etc. Because the control button has the same non-circular cross section (in terms of shape and size) as that of the body, the passage of this control button between two positions in each of which it is aligned with the body, is translated by a rotation of the control button a fraction of a turn relative to the body, a fraction which is well determined angularly and which in turn causes a well-determined longitudinal displacement of the internal piston ensuring the delivery of a precise elementary dose of pasty product through the outlet.

On décrira ci-après, à titre d'exemple non limitatifs, diverses formes d'exécution de la présente invention, en référence au dessin annexé sur lequel :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un tube doseur suivant l'invention à section droite elliptique.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale du tube doseur suivant la figure 1, le bouton de commande étant représenté aligné avec le corps.
  • La figure 3 est une vue de dessus du tube doseur, le bouton de commande étant représenté au milieu de sa rotation élémentaire, c'est-à-dire perpendiculairement au corps.
  • La figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un tube doseur à section droite triangulaire.
  • La figure 5 est une vue de dessus du tube doseur, le bouton de commande triangulaire étant représenté au milieu de sa rotation élémentaire.
  • La figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'un tube doseur à section droite carrée.
  • La figure 7 est une vue de dessus du tube doseur de la figure 6, le bouton de commande étant représenté au milieu de sa rotation élémentaire.
Various embodiments of the present invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a metering tube according to the invention with elliptical cross section.
  • Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of the dosing tube according to Figure 1, the control button being shown aligned with the body.
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the dosing tube, the control button being shown in the middle of its elementary rotation, that is to say perpendicular to the body.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a metering tube with a triangular cross section.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the dosing tube, the triangular control button being shown in the middle of its elementary rotation.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a metering tube with a square cross section.
  • Figure 7 is a top view of the dosing tube of Figure 6, the control button being shown in the middle of its elementary rotation.

Le tube doseur représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 comprend un corps cylindrique 1 fermé, à l'une de ses extrémités, par une paroi transversale 2 dans la partie centrale de laquelle est ménagé un orifice de sortie 3. Ce corps 1 contient un produit pâteux 4 qui est forcé à travers l'orifice de sortie 3 par un piston interne 5 monté à coulissement. Ce piston 3 est.percé d'un trou central taraudé 6 qui est traversé par une tige filetée axiale 7. Cette tige filetée 7 sort du corps 1, à travers une paroi frontale 8 oppose à la paroi frontale 2 percée de l'orifice 3, et elle est solidaire, à son extrémité externe, d'un bouton de commande transversal 9. La rotation de ce bouton 9 entraîne par conséquent celle de la tige filetée 7 et corrélativement le coulissement du piston interne 5, pour refouler le produit pâteux à travers l'orifice de sortie 3.The dosing tube shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a cylindrical body 1 closed at one of its ends by a transverse wall 2 in the central part of which is formed an outlet orifice 3. This body 1 contains a product pasty 4 which is forced through the outlet 3 by an internal piston 5 mounted to slide. This piston 3 is pierced with a tapped central hole 6 which is crossed by an axial threaded rod 7. This threaded rod 7 comes out of the body 1, through a front wall 8 opposite the front wall 2 pierced with the orifice 3 , and it is integral, at its outer end, with a transverse control button 9. The rotation of this button 9 consequently causes that of the threaded rod 7 and correspondingly the sliding of the internal piston 5, in order to repress the pasty product at through the outlet 3.

Suivant l'invention le corps 1 et le bouton de commande 9 ont une section droite non circulaire mais qui présente un centre de symétrie sur l'axe longitudinal zz' du corps 1 et du bouton 9. Cette section droite a sensiblement la forme d'une ellipse dans la forme d'exécution représentée sur les figures 1 à 3. Si on considère la vue de dessus représentée. par la figure 3, on voit que le grand axe xx' de la section droite elliptique du bouton de commande 9 se trouve être perpendiculaire au grand axe yy' de la section droite elliptique du corps 1. Ceci correspond au milieu de la rotation élémentaire de 180° du bouton de commande 9 entre les deux positions dans lesquelles il se trouve. aligné avec le corps 1, autrement dit dans lesquelles les deux grands axes xx' et yy' sont confondus, c'est-à-dire que le bouton de commande à section droite elliptique 9 se trouve exactement dans le prolongement du. corps allongé à section droite elliptique 1.According to the invention the body 1 and the control button 9 have a non-circular cross section but which has a center of symmetry on the longitudinal axis zz 'of the body 1 and the button 9. This cross section has substantially the shape of an ellipse in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3. If we consider the top view shown. by FIG. 3, we see that the major axis xx 'of the elliptical cross section of the control button 9 is found to be perpendicular to the major axis yy' of the elliptical cross section of the body 1. This corresponds to the middle of the elementary rotation of 180 ° of the control button 9 between the two positions in which it is located. aligned with the body 1, in other words in which the two major axes xx 'and yy' are merged, that is to say that the elliptical cross-section control button 9 is located exactly in line with the. elongated body with elliptical cross section 1.

La section droite elliptique du bouton de commande 9 peut être rigoureusement identique à celle du corps 1 ou légèrement plus grande ou plus petite tout en restant alors homothétique.The elliptical cross section of the control button 9 can be strictly identical to that of the body 1 or slightly larger or smaller while remaining homothetic.

On voit donc, d'après la description qui précède, que le passage du bouton de commande à section droite elliptique 9 d'une position dans laquelle il se trouve aligné avec le corps allongé 1 à une autre position similaire, se traduit par une rotation élémentaire d'un demi-tour. A cette rotation élémentaire correspond donc une translation du piston interne 5 d'une distance bien déterminée, autrement dit à la sortie d'une dose précise de produit pâteux 4.It is therefore seen, from the above description, that the passage of the elliptical cross-section control button 9 from a position in which it is aligned with the elongated body 1 to another similar position, results in a rotation elementary of a U-turn. This elementary rotation therefore corresponds to a translation of the internal piston 5 by a well-determined distance, in other words at the outlet of a precise dose of pasty product 4.

Les figures 4 et 5 illustrent une variante d'exécution du tube doseur suivant l'invention dans laquelle le corps 11 et le bouton de commande 12 ont chacun une section droite en forme de triangle équilatéral. Dans ce cas chaque rotation élémentaire du bouton de commande 12, par rapport au corps 11, entre une position dans laquelle il se trouve aligné avec le corps 11 et une position d'alignement suivante, correspond à un angle de 120°. Autrement dit la dose élémentaire sortant du tube doseur correspond à un déplacement élémentaire du piston interne 5 entraîné par un tiers de tour du bouton de commande 12.Figures 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the dosing tube according to the invention in which the body 11 and the control button 12 each have a cross section in the form of an equilateral triangle. In this case, each elementary rotation of the control button 12, relative to the body 11, between a position in which it is aligned with the body 11 and a following alignment position, corresponds to an angle of 120 °. In other words, the elementary dose leaving the dosing tube corresponds to an elementary displacement of the internal piston 5 driven by a third of a turn of the control button 12.

Dans la variante d'exécution illustrée sur les figures 6 et 7 le tube doseur comporte un corps 13 et un bouton de commande 14 peut être tourné par quart de tour, chaque quart de tour correspondant à une dose précise de produit pâteux sortant du tube doseur.In the variant illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the dosing tube comprises a body 13 and a control button 14 can be turned by quarter of a turn, each quarter of a turn corresponding to a precise dose of pasty product leaving the dosing tube. .

Claims (4)

1. Metering tube for dispensing doses of a pasty product, comprising an elongated body (1, 11, 13) containing the pasty product, this elongated body presenting a non-circular cross section having a centre of symmetry on the longitudinal axis of the body, an orifice (3) for outlet of the pasty product provided in the wall of the body, at one end thereof, a control knob (9, 12, 14) mounted to rotate on the body, at the end thereof opposite the one presenting the outlet orifice, an inner piston (5) having the same shape as that of the cross section of the body and slidably mobile in the body, and means (7) for converting the rotation of the control knob (9, 12, 14) into a translation of the inner piston (7), characterised in that the control knob (9, 12, 14) presents, in cross section, the same non-circular shape as the non-circular cross section, of the body and substantially the same dimensions as those of said cross section.
2. Metering tube according to Claim 1, characterized in that the body (1) and the control knob (9) a curved, non-circular cross section:
3. Metering tube according to Claim 2, characterized in that the cross section of the body (1) and of the control knob (9) is elliptic.
4. Metering tube according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the body (11. 13) and of the control knob (12, 14) has the form of a regular polygon, such as equilateral triangle, square, etc...
EP19850400433 1983-12-15 1985-03-06 Dosing tube for the precise distribution of doses of a pasty product Expired EP0193688B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8320114A FR2556696B1 (en) 1983-12-15 1983-12-15 METERING TUBE FOR THE PRECISE DISTRIBUTION OF DOSES OF A PASTY PRODUCT
EP19850400433 EP0193688B1 (en) 1983-12-15 1985-03-06 Dosing tube for the precise distribution of doses of a pasty product
DE8585400433T DE3565241D1 (en) 1985-03-06 1985-03-06 Dosing tube for the precise distribution of doses of a pasty product

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8320114A FR2556696B1 (en) 1983-12-15 1983-12-15 METERING TUBE FOR THE PRECISE DISTRIBUTION OF DOSES OF A PASTY PRODUCT
EP19850400433 EP0193688B1 (en) 1983-12-15 1985-03-06 Dosing tube for the precise distribution of doses of a pasty product

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0193688A1 EP0193688A1 (en) 1986-09-10
EP0193688B1 true EP0193688B1 (en) 1988-09-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850400433 Expired EP0193688B1 (en) 1983-12-15 1985-03-06 Dosing tube for the precise distribution of doses of a pasty product

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EP (1) EP0193688B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2556696B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2556696B1 (en) * 1983-12-15 1986-08-08 Besins Iscovesco Laboratoires METERING TUBE FOR THE PRECISE DISTRIBUTION OF DOSES OF A PASTY PRODUCT
CH685461B5 (en) * 1993-01-05 1996-01-31 Jean Claude Berney liquid substances therapeutic infusion sets and portable device comprising such a device.
FR2727294B1 (en) * 1994-11-25 1997-01-03 Oreal PRODUCT DISPENSING CONTAINER, ESPECIALLY COSMETIC, COMPRISING A ROTARY DRIVING MEMBER
FR2816813B1 (en) 2000-11-22 2003-08-15 Oreal STICK, ESPECIALLY FOR A PRODUCT IN THE FORM OF A CREAM, GEL OR PASTE
US7261559B2 (en) * 2005-04-01 2007-08-28 Ultradent Products, Inc. Syringe delivery system for dispensing a dental composite or other highly viscous material

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2123731A (en) * 1935-11-14 1938-07-12 Eugene W Kahn Container
US2540511A (en) * 1945-11-03 1951-02-06 Frederick Beimesch Dispenser with screw actuated follower
US2485467A (en) * 1946-07-08 1949-10-18 Weisbaum Jack Dispenser with screw actuated follower
FR1572526A (en) * 1968-05-15 1969-06-27
DE7027808U (en) * 1970-07-23 1971-12-16 V E H Langnese Fa CONTAINER FOR DISPENSING VISUAL MATERIALS, IN PARTICULAR HONEY DISPENSERS.
FR2312420A1 (en) * 1975-05-28 1976-12-24 Lam Plan Sa Lipstick type diamond paste distributor - with quarter turn graduation marks
FR2556696B1 (en) * 1983-12-15 1986-08-08 Besins Iscovesco Laboratoires METERING TUBE FOR THE PRECISE DISTRIBUTION OF DOSES OF A PASTY PRODUCT

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Publication number Publication date
FR2556696B1 (en) 1986-08-08
FR2556696A1 (en) 1985-06-21
EP0193688A1 (en) 1986-09-10

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