EP0192639A1

EP0192639A1 - Feed hopper for refuse incineration plants

Info

Publication number: EP0192639A1
Application number: EP84903338A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Johannes Josef Edmund Martin
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1983-02-24
Filing date: 1984-08-29
Publication date: 1986-09-03
Also published as: WO1986001580A1; DE3306512A1

Abstract

Le dispositif pour amener le matériel combustible dans les usines d'incinération comprend une surface de support (4) constituée par des corps de support (5) du matériel, entre lesquels sont prévus des écartements (6) permettant au matériel délivré sur la surface de support (4) de tomber vers le bas. Le matériel combustible tombant entre les corps de support arrive dans la trémie de chargement (1), disposée sous la surface de support (4). Les corps de support (5) sont mobiles, soit séparément, soit tous ensemble, pour permettre le mouvement du matériel alimenté et ainsi sa répartition. Sur la surface de support (4), à la fin du parcours du matériel (7), on peut prélever les composants du matériel qui n'ont pas pu tomber entre les corps (5) constituant la surface.The device for bringing combustible material to incineration plants comprises a support surface (4) formed by material support bodies (5), between which gaps (6) are provided allowing the material delivered to the surface to support (4) from falling down. The combustible material falling between the support bodies arrives in the loading hopper (1), arranged under the support surface (4). The support bodies (5) are movable, either separately or all together, to allow the movement of the supplied material and thus its distribution. On the support surface (4), at the end of the course of the material (7), it is possible to take the components of the material which could not fall between the bodies (5) constituting the surface.

Description

Hopper for waste incineration plants

The invention relates to a hopper for waste incineration plants.

It is known that the non-uniformities in the fuel supply which occur in refuse furnaces lead to fluctuations in the combustion. This has a negative impact not only on the balanced heat release per unit of time on the grate, but also on the local excess air in the fire bed. The effects of this are fluctuations in steam production, in the quality of the burnout and in the exhaust gas emission behavior.

A device for equalizing the supply of garbage to an incinerator is already known (US Pat. No. 3,891,105), in which clumps of garbage, particularly when they are in sacks, are torn apart by rake-like tools, so that the garbage is evenly distributed Form can be fed by a conveyor belt of the feed chute.

With this known device it is only possible to tear open the sacks in order to achieve an even distribution of garbage, however, it is neither possible to separate large parts from the garbage nor can Uber prevent the hopper from spilling with garbage or fuel.

It is also known to achieve an equalization of the waste to be abandoned by crushing. Scissors or mills arranged outside the loading device are used for this purpose, but they always use a great deal of energy and wear. For this reason, such devices are used in incinerators only for the treatment of bulky waste.

The object of the invention is to achieve a uniform task of the fuel with a low expenditure of energy.

This object is achieved on the basis of a device according to the preamble of claim 1 in that a cover is provided over the collecting area or at the inlet of the feed hopper, which cover consists of support bodies for receiving the fuel, which are arranged at a distance from each other and that at least some of the supporting bodies are forcibly movable.

The arrangement of a cover consisting of support bodies, which are spaced apart from one another, creates a type of classifying device through which the smaller portions of the fuel fall, the spacings being chosen such that the fuel parts falling through do not cause any difficulties in conveying them into the Combustion chamber and also no irregularities in the combustion. Due to the forced mobility of individual or all supporting bodies, the fuel or waste is also set in motion, causing loosening of matted or tangled fuel parts. In addition, a shifting of the garbage lying on the cover is forcibly achieved, so that in the course of this shifting smaller fuel or. Waste parts that are prevented from falling through by larger fuel parts lying underneath can be separated out, ie the smaller parts reach the cover through the layering so that they can fall through between the supporting bodies.

The invention therefore generally relates to a device which prevents the penetration of caked or connected fuel parts which would lead to non-uniform burnout, and by means of a constant shifting and rearrangement causes a separation of connected fuel parts and a sorting out of large fuel parts which result from this Device must be removed if they do not disintegrate by multiple repositioning.

In the following, some design options are discussed which represent preferred embodiments of the invention.

One of these possible configurations of the cover is that it is designed in the manner of a grate. The distances between the supporting bodies can be designed to be uniform or non-uniform and adjustable.

In order to set the fuel in motion and thus a constant shifting and loosening reach, the cover can be moved overall ie in the manner of a shaking grate.

If the entire cover is very large and therefore very cumbersome, it will be more expedient that at least some of the supporting bodies of the cover can be moved relative to their holder, as a result of which the moved masses can be significantly reduced.

The support bodies can be rotatably mounted about their longitudinal axis or can be guided in their longitudinal and / or transverse direction on a closed path loop or can carry out mixed forms of these movements. The choice of movement type depends on the fuel to be processed. The type of fuel also influences the design of the support body.

The support body can be used as rollers or other rod-shaped body, for. B. in the form of angle profiles, U, T or box profiles.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the support bodies can be formed uniformly or non-uniformly in their surface profile or in their thickness dimension, that is to say the beam-shaped or roller-shaped support bodies can be cylindrical, truncated cone-shaped or with dimensions that change continuously in the longitudinal direction, so that each individual moving support body is longitudinal Different acceleration forces are exerted on the fuel at each location along its longitudinal extent. As a result, shifts are also achieved transversely to the main direction of movement of the fuel. As a preferred example, cylindrical support bodies are mentioned, each support body along its length seen has different diameters, as a result of which the fuel which is in contact with roller sections having a larger diameter is accelerated more rapidly than that fuel which is in contact with locations on the roller-shaped body which are smaller in diameter. In addition, force components are generated at an angle to the direction of movement that result from the fact that the roller parts with a larger diameter are connected to the roller parts with a smaller diameter by inclined surfaces. In the case of uniformly designed support bodies in the form of bars or rods as well as cylindrical rollers, the fuel is essentially moved in a preferred direction and also shifted within this direction of movement.

Certain compositions of the fuel may also make it necessary that in a further embodiment of the invention the carrying bodies are provided with projections, lugs, tear or cutting tools, drivers or the like. Through these parts protruding over the surface of the support body, better separation of tangled or matted fuel parts is achieved, but no comminution of unusually large fuel parts or foreign bodies is intended. These parts are separated out and, for example, fed to a bulky goods bunker.

The supporting bodies can be designed as screws, whereby they can have uniform or non-uniform pitches. These different pitches can be formed on one and the same screw as well as on different screws, which largely depends on the nature of the fuel. In order to improve the process of pulling apart mutually matted fuel parts, the supporting bodies can not only be movable or rotated in the same direction but also in opposite directions.

The support body can be driven individually, in groups or together.

In order to prevent the occurrence of excessive forces due to coarse parts jamming between individual rollers or screws, the drive of the support body can also be designed such that the direction of movement of individual rollers or screws automatically reverses for a short time when a maximum permissible drive torque is exceeded.

The cover can either be inclined horizontally or at an angle to the horizontal, this inclination angle being advantageously adjustable.

In the case of an inclined arrangement of the cover, it is recommended that the movement of the fuel generated by the movable support body is directed against the downward slope, thereby achieving a particularly intensive shifting of the added fuel.

The invention is shown in the drawing, for example. In this show:

1 shows a section through a feed hopper with a device according to the invention for supplying fuel;

Fig. 2 is a top view of a hopper with another embodiment of an invent device according to the invention for supplying fuel;

3 shows a view of an individual support body from the device according to the invention;

4 shows a further embodiment of a support body shown individually,

5 to 7 further configurations of individual

Support bodies in front and side view; and

8 shows a representation similar to FIG. 2 of a device according to the invention arranged on a loading hopper, in which the individual supporting bodies are designed as screws.

In Fig. 1, a feed hopper, generally designated 1, is shown in schematic form, which opens into a conveyor chute 2, which leads to a feed table, not shown in the drawing, from which the fuel is fed into the combustion chamber by means of a loading piston. Above the collecting area 3 of the hopper 1 there is a cover, generally designated 4, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is constructed in the manner of a roller grate. This cover comprises a plurality of rotatably mounted support bodies 5 which are formed as rollers and which have a spacing or space 6 between them, through which correspondingly small parts of the fuel placed on the cover 4 fall, so that they fall onto the collecting area 3, which acts as an inclined chute is formed, fall. From here the fuel slides into the chute.

The individual cylindrical support bodies 2 are driven, whereby they can have a common drive or a drive assigned to each support body 5. The roller-shaped support body is driven in such a way that the applied fuel is moved in the direction of arrow 7, individual movements of fuel parts extending transversely to it being deliberately forced within this main direction of movement, in order to achieve a shifting. The given up on the cover 4 fuel or garbage is shifted in its movement in the direction of arrow 7 so that it releases the smaller fuel parts, which are blocked by larger ones, which then get into the spaces 6 between the individual cylindrical support bodies 5 and from there fall into the hopper. Those fuel parts that do not combine or get caught with other fuel parts and are of sufficient size so that they can fall through the gaps 6 will fall through at the beginning of the cover through the existing gaps, so that they get directly into the chute 2 , while the smaller fuel parts released in the course of the shifting process gradually fall through the cover 4. Through this shifting movement, which is reinforced by projections 8 on the roller-shaped support body 5, matted and hooked fuel parts are separated from each other, if at the end of the cover 4, which is designated 9, there are still large fuel parts that they are from the cover 4 are prevented from falling through, these fuel parts must be Gripper to be removed from the cover. However, it is also possible to provide a chute following the last cylindrical support body 5, onto which these large fuel parts reach. Through this chute they are then directed to a bulky goods bunker.

In Fig. 2, a cover 10 is shown, which comprises rod-shaped support body 11 which are rotatably mounted in a holder 12. These are rod-shaped supporting bodies with a circular cylindrical shape, which cover the hopper 1 in the manner of a grate. The individual bar-shaped ^T ragkörper 11 can sein.Weiterhin driven in the same direction or in opposite directions in its holder 12, it is possible to mount to 12 is provided with a drive motor 13 on whose shaft an unbalanced weight 14 is seated, so that the entire cover is placed in a shaking 10 . This shaking movement can be provided in addition to the rotary movement of the support body 11 or as the only type of movement without rotary movement of the support body 11.

3 to 7, various embodiments of support bodies are shown on an enlarged scale.

In Fig. 3, a support body 15 is shown, which consists of individual frustoconical sections, each abutting with their smaller or larger end faces 16 and 17. This results in a non-uniform configuration of the support body, seen in the longitudinal direction of the support body, that is to say it has different diameters, as a result of which different accelerations on the combustion bodies resting on these support bodies parts of cloth are exercised. In the area of the larger diameters, the fuel parts are accelerated more strongly at the same number of revolutions of the support body than in the area of the smaller diameters.

FIG. 4 shows a support body 18 which corresponds in its basic structure to the support body 15 according to FIG. 3. On the circumference of the truncated cone-shaped sections, the support body has strip-shaped projections 19 which ensure that the fuel parts are better carried along when the support body 19 is driven in rotation.

5, 6 and 7 support bodies 20, 22, 24 are shown, which correspond in their basic structure to that of the rollers according to FIG. 1. The support body 20 is equipped with rod-shaped drivers 21 which are arranged parallel to one another and distributed over the circumference of the support body on a helical line. The support body 22 according to FIG. 6 is provided with strip-shaped projections 23, while the support body 24 according to FIG. 7, viewed in cross section, is composed of four spiral segments, so that projections 25 are formed at the respective joints.

In Fig. 8, a cover, generally designated 26 for a hopper 1 is provided, which is constructed from a plurality of screws 27, which are mounted in bearings 28 at their two ends. On one side, on the right in FIG. 8, the ends of the screws engage in a gear housing 29 and are connected via appropriate gear trains to a drive motor 30 which serves as a common drive for all screws. The gear trains can be designed so that the screws in the same direction or in opposite directions or at the same rotational speed or different rotational speed are driven. 8 shows the screws with different pitches, the difference in pitch from screw to screw and also within the same screw being present.

Claims

1. hopper for waste incineration plants, characterized in that a cover (4) is provided over the catchment area (3) or the inlet of the hopper (1), which consists of supporting bodies C5) for receiving the fuel, which is at a distance (6) are arranged to each other, and that at least some of the supporting bodies (5) are forcibly movable.

2. Feed hopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover (4, 10) is designed in the manner of a grate.

3. Feed hopper according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distances (6) between the supporting bodies (5) are formed uniformly and are adjustable.

4. hopper according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distances (6) between the support bodies (5) formed unevenly and are adjustable.

5. hopper according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cover (4, 10) is movable overall (13, 14).

6. hopper according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least some of the supporting bodies (5, 11) are movable relative to their holder (12).

7. hopper according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the supporting bodies (5, 11) are rotatably mounted about their longitudinal axis.

8. hopper according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the supporting bodies are guided in their longitudinal and / or transverse direction on a closed path loop.

9. hopper according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the support body (5) as rollers or other rod-shaped body, for. B. are in the form of angle profiles, U, T or box profiles.

10. hopper according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the supporting bodies (5, 11, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27) are formed uniformly or non-uniformly in their surface profile or in their thickness dimension.

11. hopper according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the supporting body (5, 18, 20, 22, 24) with projections (25), approaches (8, 23), tearing or cutting tools, drivers (19, 21) or the like. Are occupied.

12. Feed hopper according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the supporting bodies are designed as screws (27) which have a uniform or non-uniform pitch.

13. Feed hopper according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the supporting bodies (5, 11, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27) can be moved or rotated in the same or opposite directions.

14. Feed hopper according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the supporting bodies (5, 11, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27) can be driven individually, in groups or together.

15. Feed hopper according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the drive (13, 30) of the support body is automatically reversible for a short time when a certain torque is reached.

16. hopper according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the cover (4, 10, 26) is arranged horizontally.

17. Feed hopper according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the cover (4, 10, 26) is inclined at an angle with respect to the horizontal.

18. Hopper according to claim 17, characterized in that the angle of inclination is adjustable.

19. Feed hopper according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the movement of the fuel generated by the movable support body is directed against the downward slope.