EP0191709A1 - Method of insulation by cladding - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of insulating the walls and the external facades of houses and other buildings by means of an insulating device. Method characterised in that the said device consists of a plate (2) of insulating material and of a decorative and protective covering panel (3) which are laid individually and kept applied to a support by means of a connection piece, the said connection piece constituting an adjustable double square-angle fitting (40, 50). <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a new judicious combination of different insulating materials linked together by simple means, for thermally insulating the walls and facades of houses and buildings.

• - Enduit dit mince ou épais :
  • Enduction du mur support avec de la colle et application directe de plaques isolantes généralement en polystyrène. Pose d'une ou plusieurs armatures d'apparence tressée à mailles plus ou moins ouvertes consolidant d'une part le matériau isolant et d'autre part facilitant l'accrochage des enduits décoratifs.
  • La pose d'une telle isolation est tributaire des conditions climatiques du moment (température, hygrométrie) d'une maçonnerie relativement plane pour son application et d'une main- d'oeuvre qualifiée. En général, il n'y a pas de circulation d'air de prévue.
• - Bardage rapporté :
  • Procédé très ancien qui utilisait essentiellement le bois. Il a évolué avec les nouveaux matériaux, mais son principe reste le même : il nécessite la pose d'une ossature en bois formée de chevrons et liteaux de façon continue, fixée mécaniquement au support et garnissant toute la façade.
  • L'isolant thermique est inséré entre le support et l'ossature. L'aspect décoratif est réalisé par la fixation sur l'ossature de plaques, panneaux, en matériaux assurant l'étanchéité. Bien que l'utilisation de profilés métalliques ait permis d'alléger ce système, il n'en reste pas moins lourd et coûteux en main-d'oeuvre, peu esthétique par son épaisseur importante au niveau des portes et fenêtres. De plus, lorsque l'ossature est en bois, celle-ci implique une lame d'air de ventilation.
• - Les vêtures
  • Les matériaux nouveaux ont permis d'imaginer un composite matériau isolant - revêtement décoratif et de protection. Le dernier étant le plus souvent issu des matières plastiques du genre PVC ou feuillard d'alliage léger laqué et profilé par pliage ce qui les limite en épaisseur.
  • Afin d'obtenir une lame d'air de ventilation, le matériau isolant doit être conforme à un profil "ad hoc" qui élève les coûts de fabrication. Généralement ce produit est manufacturé en panneaux de taille relativement réduite dans le but d'éviter les déformations prêt à l'utilisation, ce qui nécessite certaines précautions pour son transport et au moment de sa pose.
  • La liaison avec le mur support peut se faire soit par collage, soit mécaniquement par des ferrures appropriées. Les systèmes d'emboîtement de l'un à l'autre créent des ponts thermiques, l'épaisseur de l'isolant n'étant pas constante dans les zônes de raccordements. De plus, la fiabilité de l'accrochage est très aléatoire, la fixation étant faite de manière aveugle. Enfin, pour que la façade ait un bel aspect, le mur support doit être d'une planéité parfaite.

Currently, the techniques used require significant precautions when laying on the support which is the front wall. The old thermal insulation processes form three main groups, each technique of which has its own terminology presented, and which we will briefly summarize as follows, without mentioning the insulating qualities of each.

• - Thin or thick coating:
  • Coating of the support wall with glue and direct application of insulating plates generally made of polystyrene. Laying of one or more frameworks of braided appearance with more or less open meshes consolidating on the one hand the insulating material and on the other hand facilitating the hanging of decorative plasters.
  • The installation of such insulation is dependent on the current climatic conditions (temperature, humidity) of relatively flat masonry for its application and of skilled labor. In general, there is no air circulation planned.
• - Cladding reported:
  • Very old process which mainly used wood. It has evolved with the new materials, but its principle remains the same: it requires the installation of a wooden frame formed of rafters and battens continuously, mechanically fixed to the support and lining the entire facade.
  • The thermal insulation is inserted between the support and the frame. The decorative aspect is achieved by fixing plates, panels, in materials ensuring sealing to the framework. Although the use of metal profiles has made it possible to lighten this system, it is nonetheless heavy and costly in labor, unattractive by its significant thickness at the doors and windows. In addition, when the frame is made of wood, it involves a blade of ventilation air.
• - The clothes
  • The new materials made it possible to imagine a composite insulating material - decorative and protective coating. The latter is most often made from plastics such as PVC or light alloy strip lacquered and shaped by folding, which limits their thickness.
  • In order to obtain a ventilation air gap, the insulating material must conform to an "ad hoc" profile which raises manufacturing costs. Generally this product is manufactured in panels of relatively small size in order to avoid deformations ready for use, which requires certain precautions for its transport and at the time of its installation.
  • The connection with the support wall can be done either by gluing, or mechanically by suitable fittings. The interlocking systems from one to the other create thermal bridges, the thickness of the insulation not being constant in the connection zones. In addition, the reliability of the attachment is very random, the attachment being made blindly. Finally, for the facade to have a nice appearance, the support wall must be perfectly flat.

The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.

It has, indeed, for object a new process of implementation of the materials used, close to a vêture, made up of an insulating material, generally of polystyrene in plate and a protective and decorative coating realized in PVC , with double wall to ensure ventilation by air gap.

The essential difference, compared to a traditional clothing, is the dissociation of the two elements: insulating material, coating. They are manufactured in panels of appropriate dimensions and for implementation, they are installed separately as in the technique of cladding. On the other hand, the wooden or metal frame structure which is tedious to assemble in the cladding, has completely disappeared and is replaced by a mechanical system of double "Z" angle brackets placed at regular intervals on the support wall. The double "Z" angle system with holes and lights allows a fitting adjusted to the thickness of the insulating material.

This fitting is also used for fixing the covering panel. This one has on one of its edges or edges, a special slide profile allowing its fixing with the fitting, giving it a certain degree of freedom to compensate for the effects of expansion and also the attachment of the next panel by a known system called clip. In addition, this fitting allows the insulation to be fixed without having to use a special fixing, thanks to a triangular peak.

According to a predetermined choice before installation, dictated by technical reasons or for decorative purposes, this insulation system can be installed by orienting the panels either vertically, horizontally or even at an angle at a chosen angle to the vertical of the facade.

Special profiles are provided to finish the framing of the openings and the ends of the facades.

They are also held in place by clips.

• la figure 1 représente en perspective un montage d'une dite vêture sur un mur support ;
• la figure 2 est une coupe transversale d'un panneau de revêtement emboîté sur une ferrure et l'accrochage du panneau suivant par son clip ;
• la figure 3 est une vue par-dessus de la rive côté fixation avec ses lumières ;
• la figure 4 est le profil de base à usage de profil de fermeture de la vêture sur ses différents chants (arrêt d'angle, arrêt haut, arrêt.bas). Il est complémentaire du profil représenté en figure 8 pour réaliser un raccord de panneaux. Deux profils de base assemblés permettent la réalisation d'un profil d'angle ;
• la figure 5 est une rallonge du profil de la figure 4 ;
• la figure 6 est un couvercle pour fermeture du panneau de revêtement en vertical et qui se clippe dans le profil de base;
• la figure 7 est un couvercle pour fermeture du panneau de revêtement en horizontal avec des ouïes de ventilation et qui se clippe également dans le profil de base ;
• la figure 8 est un profil de raccordement de deux panneaux de revêtement bout à bout et qui se clippe également dans le profil de base ;
• la figure 9 est une variante de ferrure non réglable ;
• la figure 10 est une coupe horizontale représentant l'installation de l'isolation sur un mur ;
• la figure 11 est une coupe horizontale représentant l'installation de l'isolation sur deux murs d'angle ;
• la figure 12 est une coupe verticale représentant la partie haute du mur, un raccordement des plaques isolantes et des panneaux de revêtement, la partie basse du mur ;
• la figure 13 représente une patte en fer plat relié pour fixation sur lattage bois dans le cas d'un bardage traditionnel ;
• la figure 14 est une variante de cette patte en matière plastique PVC ;
• la figure 15 est une troisième variante de la ferrure à double équerre et où les moyens conventionnels de liaisons deviennent inutiles.

A detailed description of this new process of thermal insulation of walls of facades of houses or buildings will be described in detail with the support of several figures, more particularly:

• Figure 1 shows in perspective an assembly of said clothing on a support wall;
• Figure 2 is a cross section of a covering panel fitted on a fitting and the attachment of the next panel by its clip;
• Figure 3 is a view over the side of the binding side with its lights;
• FIG. 4 is the basic profile for the use of the profile for closing the covering on its various edges (corner stop, top stop, bottom stop). It is complementary to the profile shown in Figure 8 to make a panel connection. Two assembled base profiles allow the creation of a corner profile;
• Figure 5 is an extension of the profile of Figure 4;
• Figure 6 is a cover for closing the covering panel vertically and which clips into the base profile;
• Figure 7 is a cover for closing the covering panel horizontally with ventilation openings and which also clips into the base profile;
• Figure 8 is a connection profile of two covering panels end to end and which also clips into the base profile;
• Figure 9 is a variant of non-adjustable fitting;
• Figure 10 is a horizontal section showing the installation of insulation on a wall;
• Figure 11 is a horizontal section showing the installation of insulation on two corner walls;
• Figure 12 is a vertical section showing the upper part of the wall, a connection of the insulating plates and cladding panels, the lower part of the wall;
• Figure 13 shows a flat iron leg connected to fixa lathing in the case of traditional cladding;
• Figure 14 is a variant of this PVC plastic tab;
• Figure 15 is a third variant of the double angle fitting and where the conventional means of connection become unnecessary.

If we refer to Figure 1, we can see more particularly the support wall 1 external face of the facade of the house or building, on which we fixed a first square 4 made of electro-galvanized sheet folded and hollowed out by three lights 4 'used to pass a known mechanical fixing means, voluntarily not shown, and to form the application of this first bracket against the support wall. The second wing of the square has two holes 4a and 4b of determined diameter and center distance, allowing the fixing of a counter-square 5 made of folded galvanized sheet metal and hollowed out with two lights 5a, 5b on its large wing and of a 5c light on its small wing. The lights 5a and 5b have a strictly identical spacing to the two holes 4a and 4b of the bracket 4, which makes it possible to adjust the position of the bracket 5 relative to the bracket 4 as a function of the thickness of the plate of insulating material 2, and to pass through each pair of holes 4a, slots 5a and 4b-5b a known mechanical connection means and deliberately not shown.

The plate of insulating material is immobilized by a 4 "pick coming from the cutting and folding of the sheet forming the square 4.

Insulation materials, such as polystyrene, are fragile and unsightly, require protection against bad weather and external aggressions by the installation of a covering 3 made by panels whose profile is studied to be fixed to the 'square 5 and its light 5c, on the one hand, and by the light 3' allowing the passage of a known mechanical connection means and not shown, on the other hand.

This joining of the bracket and the panel will be carried out once per panel, so as to produce a fixed point making it possible to orient its expansion as a function of its length; the other brackets will simply be introduced between the two wings 1 and the of the slide and, while maintaining the panel, will allow it to expand or retract.

The cladding panel is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively showing a cross section and an exterior view to the right of the shore.

It mainly consists of a skin P which, depending on the uses, has various finishes adapted to the decorative effects chosen.

At the lower surface of this skin P a succession of parallelepipedal conduits 6a open at each end in order to create a circulation of primary air, then adjoining these conduits, and perpendicularly shaped by extrusion of the assembly, partitions with pads 6b regularly spaced and coming to bear on the insulating material 2. The space between panel and insulating material allows a secondary air circulation.

This ventilation is necessary to evacuate the humidity that comes from the effects of condensation.

The panel being of dimensions finished by the manufacturing processes in particular in its width, it was provided in its molding, a system for hanging from one panel to another giving continuity in the covering of the wall.

The cross section of Figure 2 shows the attachment of a first panel 3 with a second panel 6 provided with a clip 6 'forming one of its two edges and coming to fit into a slot f of the previous panel 3, each panel has one edge with a clip 6 the other edge with a slot f, system allowing the juxtaposition of the panels.

The connection of the panel (s) with the support wall carrying its double square fitting 4, 5 is effected by a slide 5 formed by two wings 1 and between which is housed the square 5 provided with its light 5c. The wings 1 and 1 'are pierced at regular intervals with slots 3' shown in FIG. 3 allowing the passage of a known mechanical connection means (a "POP" N rivet is shown by way of example).

The orthogonal arrangement of the two lights 5c and 3 ', the latter having a pitch equal to the light of the bracket 5c, avoids precise positioning of the bracket relative to the panel, its use being described above, allows slight displacement of the expanded or contracted panel 3 relative to the stationary bracket 5.

This insulation process posed on a wall or a facade requires its closing on edge while ensuring its ventilation.

• - profil d'encadrement 7 selon la figure 4 prévu pour fermer l'isolation posée sur un mur seul, en forme d'équerre portant à une de ses extrémités un talon d'appui 7", à l'autre extrémité un dispositif d'accrochage 7' pouvant recevoir un clip. Des trous T sont percés à pas réguliers pour le fixer en bout de mur, et T' pour assembler deux profils en vue de réaliser un profil d'angle.
• - profil d'encadrement 8 selon la figure 5 complémentaire au précédent en formant une rallonge avec un système d'emboîtement par une mortaise 8', le tenon d'assemblage n'étant que le talon 7" du profil 7. Un retour 8" maintient le profil sur son support.
• - profil d'encadrement 9 selon la figure 6 jouant le rôle de couvercle. L'intrados porte un clip 9' pouvant par exemple venir s'accrocher avec le profil 7. Ce profil se présente en deux variantes distinctes : profil soit entièrement plein, soit découpé à intervalles réguliers d'ouïes d'aération 9" (figure 7).

Specific framing profiles, for the different assembly cases are represented by the following figures:

• - framing profile 7 according to FIG. 4 intended to close the insulation placed on a single wall, in the form of a square carrying at one of its ends a supporting heel 7 ", at the other end a device for hooking 7 'capable of receiving a clip Holes T are drilled at regular intervals to fix it at the end of the wall, and T' to assemble two profiles in order to produce a corner profile.
• - framing profile 8 according to FIG. 5 complementary to the previous one by forming an extension with an interlocking system with a mortise 8 ', the assembly tenon being only the heel 7 "of the profile 7. An 8" return maintains the profile on its support.
• - frame profile 9 according to Figure 6 playing the role of cover. The lower surface carries a clip 9 'which can for example be hooked with the profile 7. This profile is presented in two distinct variants: profile either completely full, or cut at regular intervals with air vents 9 "(FIG. 7 ).

FIG. 8 represents a connection profile 10 which is interposed between two lengths of panels. The section takes the form of an elongated Z, the lower surface of which bears a 10 'clip that can be hooked, for example, with profile 7. R openings are provided for ventilation and a 10 "flange for dripping condensation and runoff water.

Figure 10 shows the insulation of a wall end by such a cladding process where we clearly see the support wall 1, the insulating plates 2 held by the peak 4 "of the bracket 4, the connecting fitting with its two brackets 4 and 5 now a first covering panel 3, then a second covering panel 6 attached to the previous one and the end of the wall 1 and of the insulating plate 2 closed by a framing profile 7 and a cover 9 held by the 7 'and 9' clip system.

Figure 11 shows the insulation of two corner walls with the combination of the same framing profiles and closing covers.

Figure 12 shows the insulation of a wall of a certain height with successive connection of covering panels laid in the direction of their length. We can see in particular the elongated Z profile 10 with a ventilation opening R, its drip edge 10 "and hung by its clip system 7 'and 9', the upper part of the wall and the lower part with more particularly the use of a cover 9 fitted with a 9 "ventilation opening.

Figures 13 and 14 show adaptation parts either metal or plastic (PVC) for the installation of this insulation process in the particular case of the use of wooden battens to replace the brackets.

A more detailed description of FIG. 15 will be taken into account since it represents the third variant of the fitting for connecting the panel or panels to the support wall.

In order to reduce the costs of implementation and the acquisition of special tools such as the installation of a POP rivet, the fitting that we will describe simply requires the use of simple manual tools ( hammer, pliers).

The connecting fitting consists mainly of two brackets 40 and 50 making it possible to adjust the spacing dimension of the two wings 40a and 50a as a function of the thickness of the insulating plate, and once adjusted, to secure the two brackets 40 and 50 by elements precut by punching the metal constituting each bracket.

The first bracket 40 applied against the support wall by the wing 40a and a known fixing means (not shown) passing through the light 40 'has its second wing 40b ready to receive the second bracket 50. In this second wing 40b by cutting and folding, two guides 41 were produced on its outer edges to locate the wing 50b of the second square 50, in which a succession of rec-tangular-shaped holes with a regular pitch and playing the role of rack 51.

The spacing dimension being known, it is possible, thanks to the small lug 43 cut and folded in the wing 40b, to immobilize the two brackets 40 and 50 relative to each other in a plane orthogonal to the support wall. , the small lug 43 having passed through the rack 51.

To make the two brackets 40 and 50 integral, two trapezoidal tabs 42, cut and folded in the wing 40b of the bracket 40, are threaded into two slots 52 cut in the wing 50b of the bracket 50 .

The two wings 40b and 50b being well applied one against the other, it suffices, using flat pliers, to twist the two tabs 42 to lock the whole of the fitting.

Finally, the maintenance of the covering panel 30 fitted onto the wing 50a of the fitting assembly, while retaining a certain degree of mobility for the effects of expansion on the slide constituting the extreme edge or edge of the panel 30, will be achieved, by a succession of slots 31, one of which will receive by folding down, using a flush and a hammer, a tongue 53 precut in the wing 50a of the fitting assembly and, from this done, immobilize panel 30 in the vertical plane (case shown in Figure 15).

This presentation is the illustration of the fixed point allowing the orientation of the dilation. Due to a fixed point per covering panel, the other brackets will simply be introduced between the two wings of the slide and thus, while maintaining the covering panel, will allow it to expand and contract.

According to the description made in the case of Figure 1, the insulating plate is also immobilized by a peak 44 came by cutting and folding, and sinking into the edge of the insulator.

Claims (6)

1. Method for insulating the walls and exterior facades of houses and other buildings, by means of an insulation device, characterized in that said device consists of a plate of insulating material (2) and by a covering panel decorative and protective (3) placed individually and kept applied to a support by means of a connecting piece, said connecting piece constituting an adjustable double bracket fitting (40, 50). 2. Insulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the double angle fitting also ensures the fixing of the insulation by a peak (44). 3. Insulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the decorative and protective covering panel (3, 6) has on one of its edges or edges, on the one hand a special profile in the form of a zipper with wings. uneven, the largest wing having a regular succession of slots (31), and on the other hand a slot allowing the attachment of the next panel, the slide being intended to receive the fitting which ensures the fixing of the covering panel without mechanical means of assembly while leaving a certain degree of mobility to absorb the effects of expansion and retraction of the panel, the slots (31) to be used jointly with a tongue (53) of the fitting to achieve a fixed point intended to orient the expansion and retraction of the panel, the other edge or edge of the covering panel consisting of a clip (6) which fits into the slot of the preceding panel. 4. An insulation device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said piece of connection is constituted by the assembly of two brackets (40, 50), without mechanical means other than twisting the two tabs (42) through the slots (52), the depth adjustment of the fitting being provided by a rack ( 51) and a lug (43). 5. Insulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the covering panel is double ventilated. 6. Isolation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the connections are covered with caps having ventilation openings.

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