EP0190458B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen von Rohren aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit und mit kontrolliertem Gefüge - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen von Rohren aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit und mit kontrolliertem Gefüge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190458B1
EP0190458B1 EP85116525A EP85116525A EP0190458B1 EP 0190458 B1 EP0190458 B1 EP 0190458B1 EP 85116525 A EP85116525 A EP 85116525A EP 85116525 A EP85116525 A EP 85116525A EP 0190458 B1 EP0190458 B1 EP 0190458B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
temperature
vat
die
cooled
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP85116525A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0190458A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Bak
Rio Bellocci
Yves Gourmel
Michel Pierrel
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Pont a Mousson SA
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Pont a Mousson SA
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Priority to AT85116525T priority Critical patent/ATE35291T1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/145—Plants for continuous casting for upward casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/006—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y10T29/49989—Followed by cutting or removing material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production by continuous casting of spheroidal graphite cast iron pipes and to a heat treatment subsequent to this continuous casting, with a view to giving the pipes a structure suitable for use, for example, but not exclusively, a bainitic structure.
  • EP-A-0 151 723 discloses the manufacture by ascending vertical continuous casting of a metal tube made of cast iron, without the use of a core.
  • Patent FR-A-2 415 501 discloses the manufacture of a cast iron pipe by vertical downward continuous casting, with the use of a core to form the cavity of the barrel of the pipe.
  • patent FR-A-2522291 discloses the manufacture of a centrifugal tube made of spheroidal graphite cast iron with a bainitic structure by heat treatment subsequent to centrifugal casting.
  • the heat treatment is carried out very advantageously by starting the quenching phase directly in the centrifuge shell, which saves significant time and saves heating energy for the treatment.
  • thermal and on the other hand is obtained an advantageous bainitic structure compared to the usual ferritic structure of cast iron pipes.
  • the bainitic structure of the GS cast iron pipe makes it possible to appreciably improve the elastic limit and the breaking strength for the same elongation value and, if one wishes to produce cast iron tubes with the mechanical characteristics usually required, a significant reduction in thickness of the cast iron pipes with bainitic structure compared to known pipes with ferritic structure.
  • the known method of manufacturing cast iron pipes by centrifugal casting is a discontinuous manufacturing process. It has the advantage of allowing austenitic quenching in situ, that is to say inside the centrifuge shell, as shown in patent FR-A-2 522 291.
  • the Applicant has posed the problem of obtaining a spheroidal graphite cast iron tube having a determined structure, for example, but not exclusively bainitic, in manufacturing by continuous casting, and in particular a homogeneous structure over the entire wall of the tube, and this in an industrially reproducible manner, despite the poor quenchability of spheroidal graphite cast iron.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for the continuous production of a spheroidal graphite cast iron tube with a homogeneous and controlled structure, chosen from structures containing bainite, bainite and ferrite, or ferrite and perlite, this process of the type in which a tube is formed by a continuous casting process inside a cooled tubular die, from a cast iron having the following composition by weight: carbon, 2.5 to 4.0% - Silicon, 2 to 4%, Manganese, 0.1 to 0.6%, Molybdenum 0 to 0.5%, Nickel, 0 to 3.5%, Copper, 0 to 11%, Magnesium, 0 at 0.5%, Sulfur, 0.1% maximum, Phosphorus, 0.06% maximum, the rest being iron, this process being characterized in that at the outlet of the cooled tubular die, the cast iron tube which has just been generated through a fluidized bath of solid refractory particles cooled to a temperature substantially lower than the temperature at which the cast iron tube is at its birth at the outlet of the
  • the invention also relates to an installation for the implementation of this method, this installation of the type comprising means for continuous casting of a spheroidal graphite cast iron tube, being characterized in that it comprises downstream of the cooled continuous casting die a fluidization tank of solid refractory particles, said tank being provided with a tubular coil of water for cooling the fluidized bath in which the coil is embedded and said tank comprising at least one inlet or outlet of the tube to pass through the fluidized bath of said particles in the tank.
  • the cooling heat treatment undergone by the spheroidal graphite cast iron tube, continuously, at the outlet of the continuous die is perfectly uniform and reproducible, which makes it possible to obtain a structure of very precise and homogeneous tube.
  • the immediate monitoring of the casting of the cast iron pipe by the heat treatment in a fluidized bath of refractory particles makes it possible to obtain a hardenability of the cast iron much greater than that which would be obtained by allowing the cast pipe to cool and warming it up and then soaking it.
  • the invention in fact makes it possible to start directly from the structure not yet treated, that is to say virgin from the cast iron pipe leaving the casting die.
  • the invention is applied to the continuous upward casting of a cast iron tube T.
  • the installation of the invention comprises:
  • a siphon block 1 made of refractory material, for example of the silico-aluminous type, essentially comprises an L-shaped pouring duct with a funnel 2 at its upper part, constituting a supply of charge and, at its lower part, an orifice for flow 3, source, at the base of a tube T forming die.
  • a cooled tubular die or crucible comprising a graphite jacket 4 of axis XX whose internal diameter corresponds to the external diameter of the tube T to be obtained and an envelope 5, for example copper, with circulation of cooling water which enters via a pipe 6 and leaves via a pipe 7.
  • the graphite jacket 4 rests directly on the siphon block 1.
  • the cooling jacket 5 mounted around the jacket 4, in contact with the latter, over almost its entire height, is not in direct contact with the siphon block 1 but is separated from it by a refractory annular base 8 of spacing.
  • the upper part of the cooling jacket 5 is located above the upper edge of the graphite jacket 4. It is the jacket 4-jacket assembly 5 which constitutes the cooled crucible or the die.
  • a fluidization tank for immersing the tube T in a fluidized medium at controlled temperature
  • the fluidization tank is mounted in the axis XX of the die (4-5) and of the cast iron tube T to be obtained, above the die (4-5), therefore in downstream of it. It comprises a container 9 or tray open to the open air at its upper part, resting for example on the upper edge of the cooling jacket 5 or resting on a frame not shown.
  • the tank 9 has an annular bottom of axis XX having a circular opening 10 corresponding to the outside diameter of the cast iron tube T which passes through it freely. Above the annular opening bottom 10 and parallel to this bottom, is fixed a porous plate 11, spaced from said bottom so as to provide an air inlet chamber 12 under a given pressure, for example between 2 and 8 bar.
  • Pressurized air is admitted into the chamber 12 through a conduit 13 under the control of equipment 14 comprising for example a pressure regulator and a pressure gauge not shown.
  • equipment 14 comprising for example a pressure regulator and a pressure gauge not shown.
  • the fluidization chamber open to the air, which contains a certain quantity of solid particles, preferably refractory, to be fluidized, for example sand 15, or else silica or else alumina.
  • this fluidization chamber is disposed a number of tubular turns 16, wound helically to a diameter between the outside diameter of the tank 9 and that of the opening 10.
  • the tubular turns 16. are traversed by water from cooling entering via a pipe 17 and leaving via a pipe 18.
  • the chimney 33 envelops a sleeve 34 for insulation, for example consisting of a felt of mineral fibers. It is a chimney 33 to slow the natural cooling of the tube T. The cooling of the tube T is all the slower the thicker the insulation sleeve 34.
  • the height of the chimney 33 is at least equal to the length of tube T to be cut.
  • the chimney 33 internally comprises rollers or rollers 35 for guiding and supporting the tube T. These rollers 35, in internal protuberance with respect to the insulation sleeve 34, are aligned parallel generating the cylindrical chimney 33 of axis XX and those of the tube T. At least part of the rollers 35 are motorized to advance the tube T.
  • the chimney 33 and the heat-insulating sleeve 34 which it contains are mounted "Tilting".
  • the chimney 33 can tilt at an angle of 90 ° by carrying at the lower part, on the tilting side, an articulation ear 36 (Fig. 2-3). On the ear 36 is fixed integrally a horizontal pin 37 of axis YY orthogonal to the axis XX.
  • the chimney 33 carries above the ear 36 a tilting ear 38 on which is articulated the end of the rod 39 of a tilting jack 40 whose body is as known, articulated on a frame 41 at the opposite end of the piston rod 39 (Fig. 3).
  • the jack 40 is for example of the double-acting hydraulic type.
  • the chimney 33 in the extended position of the rod 39 (in solid lines) the chimney 33 is vertical (axis XX), and, in the retracted position of the rod 39 (in dashed lines), the chimney 33 is horizontal (axis X1-X1) in the extension of the inlet of the holding oven 44 described below.
  • the jack 40 therefore swings the chimney 33 along the arrow AR.
  • a tunnel oven 44 for maintaining the temperature of the tube T is provided in the extension of the sleeve 34 and the chimney 33 when the latter is lying along the axis X1 X1, but extends in a direction AR2 horizontal and perpendicular to the axis X1-X1 or to a direction AR1 parallel to X1-X1.
  • the tunnel oven 44 open at its two ends, has a lateral inlet opening 42 of axis X1-X1 and an outlet opening 43, of horizontal axis parallel to the direction AR2.
  • the tunnel oven 44 For its passage through each tube T, with a 90 ° change of direction between the axis X1-X1 (or the direction AR1) and the direction AR2, the tunnel oven 44 comprises the following means for supporting and advancing the tubes T successive: it comprises retractable rollers 45 for supporting and advancing the tube T along arrows AR1 parallel to the axis X1-X1.
  • the rollers 35 of the sleeve 34 and the rollers 45 of the oven 44 are motorized in a known manner and not shown.
  • the rollers 45 are carried by vertical cylinders 47 intended to retract them below the raceways 48 of direction AR2.
  • the raceways 48 which support the tubes T are perpendicular to the generatrices of each tube T entering the oven 44.
  • the tunnel oven 44 includes a number of burners 46 (for example with gas) internally creating a heating atmosphere for maintaining the temperature of the tube T.
  • a cutting device K known per se, represented symbolically by two opposite knives.
  • the cutting device K is, for example, interposed between the extractor 33a and the chimney 33 ( Figures 1,3).
  • a dummy or false tube (not shown) consisting of a tubular steel sleeve of the same outside diameter and the same thickness as the tube T to be obtained is introduced from the top of the die 4-5, through the fluidization and heat treatment tank 9, to a level below that of the upper end of the graphite jacket 4 . Then liquid iron is introduced along the arrow f into the pouring funnel 2 to a level N located slightly below the upper part of the jacket 4 of the die 4-5.
  • This liquid iron has the following composition by weight: Carbon 2.5 to 4.0%, Silicon 2 to 4%, Manganese 0.1 to 0.6%, Molybdenum 0 to 0.5%, Nickel 0 to 3.5 %, Copper 0 to 11%, Magnesium 0 to 0.5%, Sulfur 0.1% maximum, Phosphorus 0.06% maximum, the rest being iron.
  • the tank 9, initially empty of sand, before the introduction of the manikin is filled with sand at 15, in the fluidization chamber, as soon as the manikin is submerged below the level N. In fact, the manikin then offers the wall internal tubular which was missing to contain a mass of sand 15 which can then be introduced. Cooling water is admitted through the conduits 6 and 7 for the casing 5 and 17 and 18 for the tubular turns 16.
  • the cast iron cools in contact with the jacket 4 along a solidification front S of approximately frustoconical shape, and hangs on the dummy which is pulled upwards by the motorized rollers 35 of the chimney 33a, then the chimney 33 and drives, step by step, the part of cast iron solidified in the form of a priming tube T.
  • the fluidized sand bath 15 is at a temperature adjusted to the value necessary for obtaining the desired structure (for example between 100 and 200 ° C. for a bainitic structure) that the first phase of the heat treatment is carried out, which is a quenching of bainitization, without heating, taking advantage of the calories from the tube leaving the die 4-5.
  • This temperature of the sand bath between 100 and 200 ° C is kept constant by virtue of the circulation of water at a temperature of the order of 20 ° C. in the conduits 17 and 18.
  • the flow rate of fluidizing air entering through the conduit 13 and the speed of circulation of the water depends on the intensity of sand bath cooling 15.
  • the fluidization air flow and the water circulation speed are adjustable.
  • the temperature drop of the tube T is abrupt (from 850 ° C to about 500 ° C) and takes place in a very short time, during the crossing of the fluidization tank 9 where the tube T is licked over its entire surface by the fluidized sand bath 15 maintained by the coil 16 at a temperature of the order of 100 to 200 ° C. It is a hardening of bainitization.
  • the fluidized bath 15 therefore performs a true intense drainage of calories out of the tube T formed and this uniformly over the entire wall of the tube T immersed in the sand bath 15, so that each point of the tube T undergoes the same heat treatment .
  • the tube T enters the extractor 33a which, while protecting it against cooling, drives it by its motorized rollers 35 to the chimney 33 of natural and slow cooling which is in the position d vertical axis, through the cutting device K.
  • the entry into the chimney 33 corresponds to point d.
  • the interval of passage of the extractor 33a between the tank 9 and the chimney 33, where the cutting or cutting-off device K is located corresponds to the section of curve cd, with a slight drop in temperature of the outside wall of the tube T: point d is at a temperature close to 480 ° C.
  • the cooling of the tube T in this chimney 33 is slow due to the heat-insulating sleeve 34 of the chimney 33.
  • the tube T is at a temperature of the order of 350 ° C. .
  • the cutting of the tube T is carried out by means of the cutting device K, when the desired length of tube T is inside the chimney 33.
  • Second heat treatment phase - temperature maintenance (area between sections e1f1 and e2f2 of the curve in Fig. 5):
  • the cut T tube is transported inside the tunnel oven 44 by moving it in a direction AR1 parallel to the horizontal axis X1-X1 of the tilted chimney 33.
  • the jack 40 is actuated so as to tilt the chimney 33 and the tube T which it contains and supports, an angle of 90 ° in the direction of the arrow AR around the axis YY of the pin 37.
  • the chimney 33 rocks until the end of the rod 39 stroke of the jack 40 (portion in phantom in Fig. 3).
  • This change of direction is effected by as follows: the cylinders 47 retract the rollers 45 from below the rolling chimneys 48 so that the tube T is deposited on the chimneys 48 and the endless drive chains 49 which drive it in the new direction AR2 to the outlet 43 from the oven.
  • the tunnel oven 44 is heated by the gas burners 46 to a temperature such that the tube T advancing along the tunnel oven 44 at an adjustable speed (by adjusting the drive speed of the drive chains 49) is maintained at a constant isothermal temperature between two limits (two isotherms): on the one hand an upper limit (section e1f1 or isotherm of 450 ° C in Fig. 5) and on the other hand a lower limit (section e2f2 or isotherm of 250 ° VS).
  • the temperature maintenance of the tube T takes place along an intermediate or isothermal section ef, between 250 ° C and 450 ° C, (Fig. 5), it is in the chimney 33 that the tube T passes from the temperature d (entry of the chimney 33) to the temperature e (exit of the chimney 33 and entry into the oven 44) comprised between the temperatures e1 and e2, respectively 450 ° C and 250 ° C.
  • This heat treatment phase in the holding oven 44 ensures the stability of the bainite and possibly of the residual austenite in the matrix of the structure. Maintaining bainitization ensures a homogeneous bainitic or austenitic bainitic structure. Beyond the points f1 or f2, the tube T is cooled as described below in paragraph 4).
  • the tube T leaves the tunnel oven 44 at a temperature between 450 ° C and 250 ° C between the points f2 and f1 to be cooled in the third and last phase as described below in paragraph 4). It is therefore inside the hatched area of FIG. 5 between the sections e1f1 and e2f2 (section ef in broken lines) that is the maintenance at constant temperature of the tube T.
  • the bainitic or possibly bainitic-austenitic structure is homogeneous and offers the optimal mechanical characteristics indicated in patent FR-A 2 522,291.
  • the tube T cools in the open air to ordinary temperature, for example between 5 and 25 ° C, depending on the section flg, in a short time and, finally retains this temperature which is that of the outside air (gh section).
  • the T-tube in spheroidal graphite cast iron then has a bainitic structure or a mixed bainite-austenite structure.
  • Cast iron tubes preferably water supply tubes, with nominal diameters of 600 to 2,500 mm and more particularly from 1,000 to 1,600 mm can be formed and heat treated with thicknesses of between 5 and 20 mm. This method and this installation are therefore particularly advantageous for the manufacture of T-shaped tubes of large diameters and of relatively small thickness.
  • the first quenching phase begins at point b of the curve in FIG. 2 by taking advantage of the heat of the tube T without adding calories, to bring the tube T to the temperature of 800-850 ° C. approximately.
  • the quenching ability of the spheroidal graphite cast iron tube T is much higher than the quenching ability of a spheroidal graphite cast iron tube T than l 'We would have allowed to cool and then we would have reheated to a temperature of 800 to 850 ° C to carry out bainitic quenching.
  • the use of the tank 9 in a fluidized sand bath 15 ensures the temperature uniformity of the tube T over its entire length and over its entire cylindrical wall and ensures the fidelity, the reproducibility of the heat treatment.
  • the use of the fluidized sand bath 15, or any other suitable particles of a solid material as a means of evacuating or draining the calories from the tube T towards the outside, instead of cooling water, is a safety due to the proximity of the cast iron bath F.
  • the process and the installation for thermal treatment of the invention are applied to a continuous vertical downward casting of a cast iron tube T.
  • a pouring basin 19 at the upper part of the installation belongs to a low pressure casting ladle, not shown, or possibly to a reverberatory electric furnace, the capacity of which is subjected to the pressure of a neutral gas such as l 'nitrogen or argon.
  • the pouring basin 19 has at its lower part a pouring orifice 20 of axis XX.
  • the pouring orifice 20 is crossed axially by a graphite core 21 which gives the internal shape of the tube T to be obtained and by the head 22 of a die 23 also in graphite giving the external shape of the tube T to be obtained.
  • the core 21 is a hollow cylinder internally containing a heating device, for example an inductor 24 in the form of a water-cooled coil.
  • the die 23 provides with the core 21 an annular space 25 corresponding to the internal and external dimensions of the tube T to be obtained, the space inside which the cast iron F must gradually solidify along a solidification front from the wall of the die 23.
  • the die head 22 provides, with the pouring orifice 20, an annular space filled with an insulating refractory sleeve 26, the sleeve 26 being intended to obstruct possible cooling flows of the liquid iron leaving the basin 19.
  • the liquid metal casing 29 with a low melting point is supplied either from above by a conduit 30, or from below by a conduit 31 which is also used for the evacuation of liquid metal from re cold when necessary.
  • the jacket 27 is itself tightly wrapped by a hollow water-cooling cooling sleeve 32, the internal wall of which is in contact with the external wall of the jacket 27.
  • annular bottom fluidization tank having an opening 10 for the passage of the tube T and an annular porous plate 11 also having an opening for the passage of the tube T.
  • the tank 9 contains above the porous plate 11 a fluidized sand bath 15 cooled by a helical tubular coil with turns 16 cooled by water.
  • the fluidization tank 9 receives the tube T heat treated by its upper part instead of receiving it through its opening 10 as in the previous example.
  • the temperature evolution of the tube T takes place before and during the crossing of the fluidization tank 9 according to the same curve passing through the points a, b, c of FIG. 5 (bainitization quenching treatment).
  • a chimney 33 with a heat-insulating sleeve 34 follow the tank 9 and precede a gas-burner holding tunnel tunnel, not shown, but which does not is other than the oven 44 of Figs. 2 and 4.
  • a device K for cutting the tube T is interposed between the extractor 33b and the chimney 33.
  • the chimney comprises at its lower part an ear 36 and a pin 37 of YY tilting axis as well as an ear 38 and tilting means of an angle of 90 ° which are not shown.
  • the complete heat treatment according to the invention takes place under the same conditions as in the example of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 according to the three phases illustrated in FIG. 5, that is to say the austenitization-bainitization quenching phase first along the section a, b between the die 23 and the fluidization tank 9, then along the section b, c of sudden drop in temperature for bainitization through the fluidization tank 9 and finally, after the tube T has been cut, along a horizontal section ef (or isothermal ef) located in the hatched zone between the upper isotherm e1f1 (450 ° C.) and l 'lower isotherm e2f2 (250 ° C) occurs a temperature stabilization inside the holding tunnel oven 44.
  • the heat treatment ends with the final phase f1 or f2, g, h of air cooling free from the tube T taken out of the bainitization maintenance oven 44.
  • the treatment of the invention allows it, faithfully and industrially reproducible.
  • the chimney 33 is eliminated.
  • the treatment of the invention makes it possible to reproduce a bainite + ferrite structure.
  • the temperature of the fluidized bath 15 must be between 100 and 200 ° C. as for the bainite alone.
  • the temperature of the fluidized bath 15 must be such that the cooling rate of the tube T passing through this bath 15 is constant.
  • the constant cooling rate of the tube T through a three-phase band atpha + gamma + graphite shown in hatching in the thermal diagram of FIG. 7 (the band a + y + G is so called because it illustrates the eutectoid transformation domain of cast iron where the three phases ferrite, austenite and graphite coexist from the ternary diagram "iron, carbon, silicon") gives rise to the proportions selected ferrite and perlite.
  • the constant and adjustable speed of passage of the tube T through the fluidized bath 15 generates a constant cooling speed through the three-phase strip (a + y + G) and therefore guarantees a constant and previously chosen proportion of each of the phases: ferrite and perlite.
  • the intensity of the cooling can be adjusted as in the case of bainitic quenching by the choice of the fluidization air flow (conduit 13) and the choice of the speed of circulation of water in the coil 16. If one wants to decrease the intensity of the cooling, one can suppress any circulation of water in the coil 16, or even replace the coil 16 by a heating means.
  • This heating means can be, for example, an electric heating resistor embedded in the fluidized bath 15 or enveloping the metal tank 9 or also arranged so as to heat the fluidizing air (conduit 13).
  • gas burners can also be used.
  • point a corresponds to the birth of the tube T outside of the die 4-5. It is the same as in the first example (Fig. 5): the temperature is 1100 ° C. At the inlet of the fluidized bath, the temperature of the tube T is 850 ° C. at point b, as in FIG. 5. At the outlet of the fluidized bath, at point c, the temperature of the tube T is lowered to a value greater than 600 ° C. It should be noted that the drop in temperature according to the diagram in FIG. 7 between points b and c is much less brutal and much more progressive than in the treatment according to the diagram in FIG. 5.
  • the three-phase strip (a + y + G) (eutectoid transformation zone of the cast iron) in a temperature range between 770 and 810 ° C where the cooling rate of the tube T is constant.
  • the strip (a + y + G) is hatched.
  • the tube T Opening into the open air at the outlet of the fluidized bath 15 and no longer having a chimney 33 to pass through, the tube T undergoes natural cooling in the open air illustrated by the section of curve ck.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Rohren aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit homogenen und gesteuerten Gefüges, das unter den Bainit, Bainit und Ferrit oder Ferrit und Perlit enthaltenden Gefügen gewählt ist, der Art, bei der man ein Rohr durch ein Stranggiessverfahren im Inneren einer gekühlten rohrförmigen Düse ausgehend von einem Gusseisen mit der folgenden Gewichtszusammensetzung bildet: 2,5 bis 4,0% Kohlenstoff, 2 bis 4% Silicium, 0,1 bis 0,6% Mangan, 0 bis 0,5% Molybdän, 0 bis 3,5% Nickel, 0 bis 11% Kupfer, 0 bis 0,5% Magnesium, höchstens 0,1% Schwefel, höchstens 0,06% Phosphor, Rest Eisen, welches Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass man das erzeugte Rohr (T) am Ausgang der gekühlten rohrförmigen Düse (4-5) durch ein fluidisiertes Bad (15) feuerfester Teilchen laufen lässt, die auf eine merklich niedrigere Temperatur als die des Rohres (T) bei dessen Entstehen am Ausgang der gekühlten rohrförmigen Düse (4-5) gekühlt sind.
2. Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man in einer ersten Phase (a, b, c) von einem am Ausgang der Düse (4-5) bei einer Temperatur der Grössenordnung von 1100 °C entstehenden und mit einem Austenitgefüge versehenen Rohr (T) ausgeht, man das Rohr sich bis auf eine Temperatur der Grössenordnung von 850°C (b) abkühlen lässt, man dann das Rohr (T) über seine ganze Länge kräftig und gleichmässig abkühlt, indem man es durch ein fluidisiertes Bad (15) fester feuerfester Teilchen laufen lässt, um es rasch auf eine Temperatur von etwa 500 °C (c) (Bainitisierungsabschreckung) zu bringen, so dass es ein Bainitgefüge annimmt, man dann das Rohr im Lauf einer Zwischenphase langsamer Abkühlung von 500°C auf einen Wert im Bereich von 250 °C bis 450 °C (c, d, e) auf bestimmte Länge durchtrennt, man dann in einer zweiten, sog. Bainitisierungshaltephase ef das durchgetrennte Rohr (T) einen Tunnelofen zum Halten des Rohres (T) auf einer konstanten isothermen Temperatur (ef) im Bereich zwischen den isothermen Grenzen e1f1 (450 °C) und e2f2 (250 °C) durchlaufen lässt, um ein homogenes Bainit- oder Austenit-Bainitgefüge zu erhalten, und man schliesslich in einer letzten Phase (f1 oder f2 g h) das Rohr sich an der freien Luft abkühlen lässt.
3. Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man im fluidisierten Bad eine Temperatur im Bereich von 100°C bis 200°C unterhält und man am Ausgang des Verfahrens ein Rohr (T) mit einem wenigstens teilweisen Bainitgefüge erhält.
4. Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man zum Erhalten eines Rohres (T) mit einem Gefüge von Ferrit + Perlit in einer ersten Phase (a b c) von einem am Ausgang der Düse (4-5) bei einer Temperatur der Grössenordnung von 1100°C (a) entstehenden Rohr (T) ausgeht, man das Rohr (T) sich bis auf eine Temperatur der Grössenordnung von 850 °C (b) abkühlen lässt, man dann zwischen b und c das Rohr (T) über seine ganze Länge gleichmässig mit konstanter Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit bis auf eine Temperatur über 600°C (c) abkühlt, indem man es durch ein fluidisiertes Bad (15) fester feuerfester Teilchen laufen lässt, und man dann in einer zweiten und letzten Phase (c k) das Rohr sich natürlich an der freien Luft abkühlen lässt.
5. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man zum Erhalten eines Gefüges von Ferrit + Perlit mit bestimmten Prozentsätzen der Ferrit- und Perlitphasen im fluidisierten Bad eine solche Temperatur unterhält, dass das Durchlaufen des Bereichs eutektoider Umwandlung des Gusseisens (d.h. eines sog. «Dreiphasen»-bandes (a + y + G), wo drei Phasen, Ferrit, Austenit und Graphit koexistieren, des ternären Diagramms «Eisen, Kohlenstoff, Silicium") mit konstanter Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit stattfindet.
6. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach dem Anspruch 1, die Mittel zur Zuführung von flüssigem Gusseisen und Mittel mit einer gekühlten rohrförmigen Düse (4-5-21-23) zur Erzeugung eines Rohres (T) durch ein Stranggiessverfahren umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie stromabwärts der gekühlten Strangguss-Düse (4-5-21-23) eine Fluidisierungswanne (9) mit festen feuerfesten Teilchen aufweist, welche Wanne (9) mit einer Rohrschlange (16) zur Zirkulation von Wasser versehen ist, die in dem fluidisierten Bad (15) versenkt ist, und welche Wanne (9) mindestens eine Eintritts- oder Austrittsöffnung (10) für das Rohr (T) aufweist, bevor dieses das fluidisierte Bad (15) der genannten Teilchen in der Wanne (9) durchläuft.
7. Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Fall, wo die gekühlte rohrförmige Düse (4-5-21-23) mit vertikaler Achse (X-X) ist, die Fluidisierungswanne (9) eine einzige Öffnung (10) in der vertikalen Achse an ihrem unteren Teil aufweist und an ihrem oberen Teil zur freien Luft geöffnet ist.
8. Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Fall, wo die gekühlte rohrförmige Düse (4-5) mit vertikaler Achse (X-X) von unten durch flüssiges Gusseisen gespeist wird, die Fluidisierungswanne (9) oberhalb der gekühlten Düse (4-5) angeordnet ist und die einzige Öffnung (10) der Wanne (9) eine Eintrittsöffnung für das Rohr (T) ist.
9. Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Fall, wo die rohrförmige Düse (23) mit vertikaler Achse (X-X) von oben durch flüssiges Gusseisen gespeist und mit einem kern (21) kombiniert ist, die Fluidisierungswanne (9) unterhalb der gekühlten Düse (29) angeordnet ist und die einzige Öffnung der Wanne (9) eine Austrittsöffnung für das Rohr (T) ist.
10. Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Fluidisierungswanne (9) und einer Abzugsvorrichtung (33a, 33b) ein Kamin (33) angeordnet ist, der eine wärmeisolierende Hülse (34) umgibt, durch die das Rohr (T) koaxial durchläuft, um am Ende ein Rohr (T) mit einem mindestens teilweise bainitischen Gefüge zu erhalten.
11. Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kamin (33) in seinem Inneren mit Rollen (35) zum Führen, Tragen und Mitnehmen des Rohres (T) und an seinem Äusseren mit einer Öse (36) zum Schwenken um eine horizontale Achse (Y-Y) herum zwecks eines Kippens des Kamins (33) mit Hilfe von Kippvorrichtungen (39-40) von der vertikalen Stellung der Achse (X-X) zu einer horizontalen Stellung (X1-X1) in koaxialer Lage mit dem Eingang (42) eines Tunnelofens (44) mit horizontaler Achse (X1-X1) zum Halten des Rohres (T) auf der Bainitisierungs-Temperatur ausgerüstet ist.
12. Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur endgültigen Herstellung eines Rohres (T) mit einem Gefüge von Ferrit + Perlit das Rohr (T) am Ausgang der Fluidisierungswanne (9) direkt in die freie Luft austritt, wobei die Vorrichtung von einem Kamin (33) frei ist.
EP85116525A 1985-01-04 1985-12-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen von Rohren aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit und mit kontrolliertem Gefüge Expired EP0190458B1 (de)

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GB2169230B (en) 1989-06-14
FR2575683A1 (fr) 1986-07-11
ES550663A0 (es) 1987-05-01
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FR2575683B1 (fr) 1987-01-30
IN166932B (de) 1990-08-11
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EG17408A (en) 1991-08-30
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FI860009A0 (fi) 1986-01-02
ES8705285A1 (es) 1987-05-01
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HRP930763B1 (en) 1996-02-29
SU1450729A3 (ru) 1989-01-07
YU44536B (en) 1990-08-31
YU200685A (en) 1988-04-30
MX164846B (es) 1992-09-29
RO93864A (ro) 1988-03-30
FI860009A (fi) 1986-07-05
CA1277478C (fr) 1990-12-11
DE3563458D1 (en) 1988-07-28
KR860005666A (ko) 1986-08-11
AU5146485A (en) 1986-07-17
MY103668A (en) 1993-08-28
EP0190458A1 (de) 1986-08-13
PL257172A1 (en) 1986-10-07
SI8710516A8 (en) 1996-08-31
BR8600005A (pt) 1986-09-23
JPH0615693B2 (ja) 1994-03-02
HRP930748B1 (en) 1996-04-30
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TR22514A (tr) 1987-09-16
US4800949A (en) 1989-01-31
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ZA859748B (en) 1986-08-27
ATE35291T1 (de) 1988-07-15

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