EP0187258B1 - Intensificateur d'images de rayons-X - Google Patents

Intensificateur d'images de rayons-X Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0187258B1
EP0187258B1 EP85115256A EP85115256A EP0187258B1 EP 0187258 B1 EP0187258 B1 EP 0187258B1 EP 85115256 A EP85115256 A EP 85115256A EP 85115256 A EP85115256 A EP 85115256A EP 0187258 B1 EP0187258 B1 EP 0187258B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
image intensifier
ray image
intensifier according
chromium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85115256A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0187258A1 (fr
Inventor
Hermann Christgau
Norbert Dr. Mika
Heinz Röhrich
Günther Scholz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0187258A1 publication Critical patent/EP0187258A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0187258B1 publication Critical patent/EP0187258B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/20—Seals between parts of vessels
    • H01J5/22—Vacuum-tight joints between parts of vessel
    • H01J5/26—Vacuum-tight joints between parts of vessel between insulating and conductive parts of vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/26—Sealing together parts of vessels
    • H01J9/263—Sealing together parts of vessels specially adapted for cathode-ray tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to X-ray image intensifiers according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • X-ray image intensifiers are known from US Pat. No. 3,458,744.
  • X-ray images are known to be converted into electron images, which are then subjected to an acceleration voltage and, if necessary, are imaged on an output screen in a reduced electron-optical format.
  • the image which appears on the output screen is also the one which is viewed.
  • this presupposes that the exit screen can be seen through the wall of the piston of the image intensifier.
  • the piston has therefore been made of transparent material, in particular glass, at least at this point.
  • the window inserted into the bulb was simultaneously made the carrier of the exit fluorescent screen. Since in the known constructive solution the exit window is gripped into a metal frame by melting, the fluorescent screen can only be applied after this activity. However, this is disadvantageous because, when coated with the luminescent layer, the yield of screens that can be used later is low, so that the precise connection of the glass pane to the frame has to be made in many cases on panes that later only lead to unusable screens.
  • US-A-3 173 201 describes a method for connecting glass to metal. So that the glass can be soldered to the metal, metal layers are applied by vapor deposition at the locations provided for the soldering. A statement about the soldering material used is not affected. The method also does not relate to a vacuum-tight connection of a pane coated with a phosphor to a metal tube.
  • GB-PS 1 482 696 a method for pressure welding a seal of a glass front plate with a metal cone of an electronic display tube is described, in which the glass is connected to the metal by a flexible metal layer, which under high pressure at temperatures below the melting point connects both materials together.
  • Either a lead-silver-tin or a lead-indium alloy can be considered as materials.
  • a disadvantage here is the complex manufacturing process.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an X-ray image intensifier of the type mentioned, in which the finished output screen can be gripped in a metal frame and used in the wall of the vacuum piston as the output window.
  • This object is achieved in an image intensifier according to the preamble of claim 1 by the features mentioned in its characterizing part. Appropriate developments and refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • a soft solder for soldering the window pane into a metal frame, which can be inserted into the window opening of the vacuum piston of an image intensifier by means of a flange, i. H. of a solder whose melting temperature is between 250 and 400 ° C, on the one hand, at the lowest possible temperature, on the other hand, a solder that withstands the baking out of the image intensifier is obtained.
  • an inert medium for example by soldering in a hydrogen atmosphere or in another protective gas or in a vacuum. The luminous efficiency of the luminescent layer that can be achieved during later operation of the image intensifier is not yet impaired.
  • stable metals are suitable for the metal frame, which can be tightly connected to the material of the exit window as well as to that of the tube bulb.
  • those have proven to be useful which have nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) or Ni, chromium (Cr), Fe or Ni, cobalt (Co), Fe or Ni, Co, Cr, Fe as main components contain.
  • They are iron alloys that contain between 20 and 60% Ni and / or 10 to 30% Co and / or 1 to 10% Cr.
  • Solders based on lead (Pb) have proven useful for soldering. These solders have the advantage over others that their processing temperature, ie also their softening, is significantly higher than the temperature which is necessary for the degassing heating of the image intensifier tube in the course of production. However, it is still below a temperature which is detrimental to the luminosity of the luminous pigment.
  • alloys have proven themselves, in which lead is alloyed with silver (Ag), tin (Sn) or indium (In).
  • the additives are added to the lead, for example in amounts ranging from 0.1 percent by weight to 10 percent by weight, so that, on the one hand, the addition can have an effect with small amounts and, on the other hand, in the case of high amounts added, there is no increase in the melting temperature and the formation of the soldering aggravating material inhomogeneities.
  • An alloy of lead and 2.5 percent by weight of silver has proven to be favorable.
  • the wetting and adhesion of the solder to parts to be connected can be promoted by adapting their surfaces, for example by simply coating or covering them with a system of layers of coordinated materials.
  • a simple adhesive layer or the For glass, the first layer of a suitable layer sequence should consist of a substance that has a high affinity for oxygen, since the connection to the glass surface is established via metal oxide. Both the metal of the coating and the oxide formed on the border must have sufficient tensile strength for the desired fastening.
  • the second layer is a protective layer for the first layer and can also be a solder layer.
  • the second layer must stop the flow of solder in such a way that it does not separate from the first.
  • the third layer protects the first two from oxidation and can also be a solder layer.
  • Suitable systems of coordinated layers can e.g. B. for the soldering of a glass pane consist of layer sequences in which chromium is first evaporated to a thickness of 30 to 300 nm. When this layer is deposited under high vacuum, it can be assumed that the metallic chromium reacts with oxygen in the vapor phase and on the glass surface or with thin oxide coatings. The actual adhesion thus arises from a very thin layer of chromium oxide, which cannot be defined in its composition. This first layer can then be followed by a second layer made of nickel and then the third layer made of silver, the thickness of which corresponds to that of chrome.
  • the chromium layer can also be coated with iron, which is coated with nickel and then followed by a nickel-nickel alloy, or an iron-chromium-nickel alloy or a chromium-nickel alloy is evaporated.
  • iron which is coated with nickel and then followed by a nickel-nickel alloy, or an iron-chromium-nickel alloy or a chromium-nickel alloy is evaporated.
  • a layer of at least 30 nm thick consists of pure chromium, since this does not form solid solutions with lead, and that the top layer is made of nickel, respectively Ag exists because there is good solubility of lead and therefore good bondability with the solder.
  • the entire layer that improves adhesion can be covered with gold. With sufficient tightness, which can be achieved at thicknesses of approximately 400 nm, this causes oxidation of the top layer, i. H. such as the formation of nickel or silver oxide is avoided.
  • the metal frame can also be provided with the above-mentioned adhesive layers or layering on its surfaces to be soldered. Particularly when using Niromed 44 or Vacon 20 or Vacon 70 as frame material, good adhesion of the solder is also achieved on this part.
  • the actual soldering is preferably carried out in a high vacuum with layer thicknesses of 100 to 300 nm per individual layer. Soldering is carried out at temperatures of around 350 ° C and instead of the high vacuum, a protective gas atmosphere, such as one made of hydrogen, can also be used.
  • 1 denotes the vacuum piston of an X-ray image intensifier.
  • This piston 1 consists of a cathode cap 2, which closes an opening of a ceramic body 3 representing a stepped diameter, the other opening of which is smaller than the first smaller diameter and is closed by an anode attachment 4.
  • an electronic image intensifier i.e. H. on the inner wall of the cap 2 opposite the attachment 4 there is a luminescent layer 5 which is covered with a photocathode layer 6.
  • electron-optical electrodes 7 and 8 which are fastened to the ceramic body 3, and finally the actual anode 9.
  • the disc 12 on the frame 11 of the exit window is inserted by means of soldering 10.
  • the disk 12 carries the exit fluorescent screen 13 on its inside and is connected to the frame 11 in a vacuum-tight manner with a solder joint 14.
  • the mode of operation of the image intensifier is based on the fact that x-ray images penetrating the luminous layer 5 through the wall of the cap 2 trigger an electron image in the photocathode 6. This is then imaged onto the luminescent layer 13 by means of the electrodes 7 and 8 and the anode 9, in that the corresponding potentials are applied to the cap 2, the connecting lines 15 and 16, to the electrodes 7 and 8 and to the attachment 4 for the anode 9 will.
  • solder joint 14 between the disc 12 and the inside of the frame 11 made of adhesive layers.
  • the latter consists of an alloy product of lead with 2.5 percent by weight silver and is 0.05 to 1 mm thick.
  • the layers 20 and 21 represent double layers which correspond to those which are denoted by 23 and 24 in FIG.
  • the layer 23 consists of nickel and is approximately 200 nm thick.
  • the layer 24 consists of a vapor deposition layer made of chromium and chromium oxide and is at least 30 nm strong.
  • the layers 20 and 21 can, however, also be constructed from three layers 25, 26 and 27 according to FIG. In this embodiment, they are evaporated onto the output window 12.1, which corresponds to the window 12 in FIG. 2, by first coating the layer 25, which consists of chromium or chromium oxides and is at least 30 nm thick, then the layer 26 of nickel, which is at least 30 nm thick, and finally the layer 27 consisting of silver and about 200 nm thick is evaporated.
  • a layer 28 of chromium / chromium oxide is first vapor-deposited on the edge of the window slide 12.2 to be soldered by at least 30 nm. This is followed by an evaporation layer 29, which consists of nickel and is 100 nm to 300 nm thick. A subsequent layer 30 made of silver is then evaporated to a thickness of approximately 200 nm and finally a covering layer 31 consisting of gold.
  • the disk 12 can be detached again from the piston 1 of the image intensifier. This is done by unsoldering from the frame 11. Then the pane 12 used as the substrate of the luminescent layer 13 can be easily recovered and reprocessed. This is a decisive advantage, especially when using fine optical panes, compared to soldering with glass solders, which can only be solved at temperatures above 600 ° C. While soft solder can be easily removed, a glass-soldered disc at the solder points always shows residues of glass solder after loosening the solder, which can only be removed by grinding.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Amplificateur de brillance radiologique, dont la fenêtre de sortie est insérée dans une ampoule tubulaire en étant montée dans un cadre métallique, caractérisé par le fait qu'en tant que fenêtre de sortie, une plaque de verre, sur laquelle est déposée une couche luminescente, est fixée par soudage dans le cadre à l'aide d'un métal d'apport de brasage tendre.
2. Amplificateur de brillance radiologique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la soudure est un alliage de plomb.
3. Amplificateur de brillance radiologique suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'alliage de plomb contient de l'argent, de l'étain ou de l'indium.
4. Amplificateur de brillance radiologique suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que la quantité d'argent est égale à 2,5 pour cent en poids.
5. Amplificateur de brillance radiologique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le bord, ne portant pas de substance luminescente, de la plaque de verre porte des couches adhésives aux emplacements auxquels le soudage est réalisé.
6. Amplificateur de brillance radiologique suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que les couches adhésives sont déposées sous la forme d'une succession de couches, par le fait que sur le verre se trouve déposé de l'oxyde de chrome/du chrome sur une épaisseur de 30 à 300 nm, sur lequel du nickel est déposé sur une épaisseur de 30 à 300 nm, sur lequel est déposé de l'argent sur une épaisseur de 100 à 400 nm.
7. Amplificateur de brillance radiologique suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que les couches adhésives sont constituées par une succession de couches, dont la couche déposée sur le verre est constituée par du chrome/de l'oxyde de chrome possédant une épaisseur d'au moins 30 nm, et que sur la couche de chrome est déposée une couche de verre, sur laquelle est déposée une couche de nickel, sur laquelle est déposée une couche d'argent.
8. Amplificateur de brillance radiologique suivant l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que les couches adhésives sont pourvues d'un revêtement d'or.
9. Amplificateur de brillance radiologique suivant l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que la surface du cadre, sur lequel s'effectue le soudage, est également pourvue de couches adhésives.
10. Amplificateur de brillance radiologique suivant la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que la couche supérieure faisant partie de la couche adhésive du cadre et la couche supérieure faisant partie de la couche adhésive de la plaque de verre sont constituées par le même matériau.
EP85115256A 1984-12-10 1985-12-02 Intensificateur d'images de rayons-X Expired EP0187258B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3445007 1984-12-10
DE3445007 1984-12-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0187258A1 EP0187258A1 (fr) 1986-07-16
EP0187258B1 true EP0187258B1 (fr) 1989-04-26

Family

ID=6252381

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85115256A Expired EP0187258B1 (fr) 1984-12-10 1985-12-02 Intensificateur d'images de rayons-X

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4717860A (fr)
EP (1) EP0187258B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61140039A (fr)
DE (1) DE3569850D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0253561A1 (fr) * 1986-07-17 1988-01-20 Picker International, Inc. Tubes intensificateurs d'image
GB2209688A (en) * 1987-09-15 1989-05-24 Kobe Steel Ltd Impact crushing
FR2629267B1 (fr) * 1988-03-22 1996-01-26 Thomson Csf Dispositif de conversion chromatique d'une image obtenue en rayonnement electromagnetique et procede de fabrication correspondant
DE4018610C1 (fr) * 1990-06-11 1991-04-25 Hartmann & Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De
US5705885A (en) * 1994-11-25 1998-01-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Brazing structure for X-ray image intensifier
DE19641627A1 (de) * 1996-10-09 1998-04-16 Siemens Ag Röntgenbildverstärker mit einem Gefäß zur Aufnahme von Elektroden
US8040060B2 (en) * 2008-10-23 2011-10-18 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Electron tube
SE533567C2 (sv) * 2009-03-11 2010-10-26 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Förfarande för montering av ett fönster för utgående elektroner och en fönsterenhet för utgående elektroner

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3173201A (en) * 1961-08-23 1965-03-16 James F Motson Method of sealing a glass element within a metal member
DE1439673A1 (de) * 1964-02-15 1970-01-29 Telefunken Patent Bildwandler-oder Bildverstaerkerroehre
US3458744A (en) * 1966-06-02 1969-07-29 Optics Technology Inc Electro-optic image intensifier and method of making same
US3510925A (en) * 1968-02-20 1970-05-12 Weston Instruments Inc Method for making a tube structure
NL7210011A (fr) * 1972-07-20 1974-01-22
GB1482696A (en) * 1974-10-01 1977-08-10 Mullard Ltd Pressure bonding method of sealing a glass faceplate to a metal cone of an electron display tube
JPS5210846A (en) * 1975-07-16 1977-01-27 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd Method of soft soldering stainless steel pipe by preplaced filler metal type using soaking heater
FR2399300A1 (fr) * 1979-02-01 1979-03-02 Labo Cent Telecommunicat Procede de formation a froid de soudures etanches entre pieces metalliques et application dudit procede aux tubes electroniques
JPS60215585A (ja) * 1984-04-12 1985-10-28 日本電気株式会社 気密封止方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61140039A (ja) 1986-06-27
DE3569850D1 (en) 1989-06-01
US4717860A (en) 1988-01-05
EP0187258A1 (fr) 1986-07-16

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