EP0182018A1 - War head - Google Patents

War head Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0182018A1
EP0182018A1 EP19850110950 EP85110950A EP0182018A1 EP 0182018 A1 EP0182018 A1 EP 0182018A1 EP 19850110950 EP19850110950 EP 19850110950 EP 85110950 A EP85110950 A EP 85110950A EP 0182018 A1 EP0182018 A1 EP 0182018A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
warhead
housing
segments
swirl
parachute
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19850110950
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Klaus Loske
Klaus Gersbach
Hartmut Dr. Schilling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Industrie AG
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Rheinmetall GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall GmbH
Publication of EP0182018A1 publication Critical patent/EP0182018A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/48Range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements, e.g. impact-braking arrangements; Fall-retarding means, e.g. balloons, rockets for braking or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/54Spin braking means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a warhead according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Warheads of the type mentioned at the outset are known from the magazine "Internationale Wehrrevue" No. 8/84, page 1056. These warheads contain an active charge, for example a shaped charge or a projectile-forming charge, the effectiveness of which is severely impaired by excessive swirl values. After a warhead of this type has been ejected, the twist communicated to it by the spin-stabilized cargo floor must therefore be reduced to sufficiently low values.
  • so-called swirl brakes are known from the same reference in the form of sheet metal strips arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the warhead, which spread out after the warhead has been ejected, thereby increasing the air resistance and thus reducing the number of revolutions of the warhead. These swirl brakes are an additional component that increases the cost of manufacturing the warhead and, at the same time, takes up space in the limited volume of the warhead, which is urgently needed to accommodate a sufficiently effective payload.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a warhead of the type mentioned in such a way that effective as a swirl brake, additional components of the warhead can be dispensed with. In this way, the production is simplified and cheaper and the payload volume is increased.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a warhead 10 which, after being ejected from a cargo floor, not shown, descends from a parachute 11 to a target area.
  • the parachute 11 as indicated in FIG. 3, was arranged in the rear part 12a of the housing 12 of the warhead 10.
  • the rear part 12 a of the housing 12 forms a recess for this purpose, which receives and protects the parachute 11 during the transport of the warhead 10.
  • the warheads transporting the warheads 10 are mostly spin-stabilized, so that after the warhead 10 has been ejected and expediently before the parachute 11 is deployed, the swirl of the warhead 10, which has been communicated in the cargo floor, to the active part of the warhead 10 tolerable values must be reduced.
  • This is particularly advantageous according to the invention is sufficient that an annular region 12 a of the housing 12 is divided into segments 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d, which are pivotally mounted eccentrically on axes 14 a, 14 b, 14 c, 14 d arranged in the housing 12 ( Fig. 1).
  • the segments 13 a, b, c, d initially form part of the cylindrical landing of the housing 12 of the warhead 10. After the warhead 10 has been ejected, however, the segments 13 a, b, c, d are pivoted outward in such a way that they overlap protrude the diameter of the warhead 10. They are exposed to the air flow and offer such a high resistance that the number of revolutions of the warhead 10 noticeably decreases in a very short time while it continues to descend towards the target area. When ejected from swirl-stabilized cargo floors, the segments are swung out by centrifugal force, so that no additional force elements are necessary.
  • the segments 13 a, b, c, d which were initially effective as a housing component and protect the parachute 11, are now used as a swirl brake. Characterized in that now after the pivoting of the segments 13 a, b, c, d, the recess receiving the parachute 11 is freely accessible to the air flow, the safe deployment of the parachute 11 is also promoted. Since already existing housing parts can now be used as swirl brakes, a dead load component can be saved and additional space can be gained for the payload.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 again shows a plan view of the warhead 10, but for reasons of simplification only one segment 13a is now shown, which has already given up its housing function and is pivoted outwards about the axis 14a. 1 and 3, the axis 14 a and of course the axes 14 b, c, d, which are not expressly shown, are arranged at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis 50 of the warhead 10 in such a way that they enclose an angle ⁇ with the latter , This has the consequence that the lateral boundary surfaces of the segments 13 a, b, c, d are adjusted with respect to the direction of fall of the warhead 10 (corresponding to arrow 30 in Fig.
  • the adjustment of the segments can be used to apply a defined residual swirl. Force elements are then to be provided for pivoting out the segments.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)

Abstract

In a warhead (10) with an essentially cylindrical housing (12), an annular region of the housing jacket is divided into segments (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d) which are supported such that they are eccentrically hinged and can swivel on axles (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) arranged in the housing (12). As the segments swivel out, the air resistance is increased, by which means an unacceptably high spin rate of the warhead 10 can be reduced to lower levels. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Gefechtskopf nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a warhead according to the preamble of claim 1.

Gefechtsköpfe der eingangs genannten Art sind aus der Zeitschrift "Internationale Wehrrevue" Nr. 8/84, Seite 1056, bekannt. Diese Gefechtsköpfe beinhalten eine Wirkladung, zum Beispiel eine Hohlladung oder eine projektilbildende Ladung, deren Wirksamkeit durch zu hohe Drallwerte stark beeinträchtigt wird. Nach dem Ausstoßen eines derartigen Gefechtskopfes muß daher in der Regel der ihm vom drallstabilisierten Lastengeschoß mitgeteilte Drall auf ausreichend geringe Werte reduziert werden. Zur Drallreduzierung sind aus der gleichen Literaturstelle sogenannte Drallbremsen in Form von gleichmäßig auf dem Umfang des Gefechtskopfes verteilt angeordneten Blechstreifen bekannt, die sich nach dem Ausstoßen des Gefechtskopfes abspreizen, dabei den Luftwiderstand vergrößern und auf diese Weise eine Verringerung der Umdrehungszahl des Gefechtskopfes erreichen. Bei diesen Drallbramsen handelt es sich um ein zusätzliches Bauteil, das die Herstellung des Gefechtskopfes verteuert und zugleich im begrenzten Volumen des Gefechtskopfes Raum beansprucht, der für die Unterbringung einer ausreichend wirksamen Nutzlast dringend benötigt wird.Warheads of the type mentioned at the outset are known from the magazine "Internationale Wehrrevue" No. 8/84, page 1056. These warheads contain an active charge, for example a shaped charge or a projectile-forming charge, the effectiveness of which is severely impaired by excessive swirl values. After a warhead of this type has been ejected, the twist communicated to it by the spin-stabilized cargo floor must therefore be reduced to sufficiently low values. To reduce swirl, so-called swirl brakes are known from the same reference in the form of sheet metal strips arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the warhead, which spread out after the warhead has been ejected, thereby increasing the air resistance and thus reducing the number of revolutions of the warhead. These swirl brakes are an additional component that increases the cost of manufacturing the warhead and, at the same time, takes up space in the limited volume of the warhead, which is urgently needed to accommodate a sufficiently effective payload.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde einen Gefechtskopf der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß auf, als Drallbremse wirksame, zusätzliche Bestandteile des Gefechtskopfes verzichtet werden kann. Auf diese Weise wird die Herstellung vereinfacht und verbilligt und des Nutzlastvolumen vergrößert.The invention has for its object to improve a warhead of the type mentioned in such a way that effective as a swirl brake, additional components of the warhead can be dispensed with. In this way, the production is simplified and cheaper and the payload volume is increased.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in Patentanspruch 1 angegebene Erfindung gelöst.This object is achieved by the invention specified in claim 1.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist in Patentanspruch 2 beschrieben.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is described in claim 2.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezug auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:

  • Figur 1t eine Aufsicht auf den Gefechtakopf;
  • Figur 2t in schematischer Darstellung einen von einem Fallschirm gebremsten Gefechtskopf;
  • Figur 3: eine Seitenansicht des Gefechtskopfes;
  • Figur 4: eine weitere Aufsicht auf eine Weiterbildung des Gefechtskopfes;
  • Figur 5: eine Seitenansicht auf den nur im Teil dargestellten Gefechtskopf nach Figur 4.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. It shows:
  • Figure 1t is a top view of the warhead;
  • FIG. 2t shows a warhead braked by a parachute in a schematic representation;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the warhead;
  • Figure 4: Another supervision of a further development of the warhead;
  • Figure 5 is a side view of the warhead of Figure 4, shown only in part.

Figur 2 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung einen Gefechtskopf 10, der nach Ausstoßen aus einem nicht gezeigten Lastengeschoß von einem Fallschirm 11 gebremst auf ein Zielgebiet hinabsinkt. Bis zum Ausstoßen des Gefechtskopfes 10 war der Fallschirm 11, wie in Figur 3 angedeutet, im heckseitigen Teil 12a des Gehäuses 12 des Gefechtskopfes 10 angeordnet. Der heckseitige Teil 12 a des Gehäuses 12 bildet dazu eine Ausnehmung, die den Fallschirm 11 während des Transports des Gefechtskopfes 10 aufnimmt und schützt.Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a warhead 10 which, after being ejected from a cargo floor, not shown, descends from a parachute 11 to a target area. Until the warhead 10 was ejected, the parachute 11, as indicated in FIG. 3, was arranged in the rear part 12a of the housing 12 of the warhead 10. The rear part 12 a of the housing 12 forms a recess for this purpose, which receives and protects the parachute 11 during the transport of the warhead 10.

Wie einleitend erwähnt, sind die die Gefechtsköpfe 10 transportierenden Lastengeschosse zumeist drallstabilisiert, sodaß nach dem Ausstoßen des Gefechtskopfes 10 und zweckmäßig vor dem Entfalten des Fallschirms 11 der Drall des Gefechtskopfes 10, der im vom Lastengeschoß mitgeteilt worden ist, auf für den Wirkteil des Gefechtskopfes 10 tolerable Werte reduziert werden muß. Besonders vorteilhafterweise wird dies gemäß der Erfindung dadurch erreicht, daß ein ringförmiger Bereich 12 a des Gehäuses 12 in Segmente 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d unterteilt ist, die exzentrisch angelenkt auf im Gehäuse 12 angeordneten Achsen 14a, 14 b, 14 c, 14 d schwenkbar gelagert sind (Fig. 1). Die Segmente 13 a, b, c, d bilden zunächst einen Teil der zylindrischen Landung des Gehäuses 12 des Gefechtskopfes 10. Nach dem Ausstoßen des Gefechtskopfes 10 werden jedoch die Segmente 13 a, b, c, d derart nach außen geschwenkt,da0 sie über den Durchmesser des Gefechtskopfes 10 hinausragen. Sie werden dabei der Luftströmung ausgesetzt und bieten dieser einen so hohen Widerstand, daß sich die Umdrehungszahl des Gefechtskopfes 10 in sehr kurzer Zeit merklich verringert, während er weiter auf das Zielgebiet hinabsinkt. Bei Ausstoß aus drallstabilisierten Lastengeschossen erfolgt das Ausschwenken der Segmente durch die Fliehkraft, so daß keine zusätzlichen Kraftelemente notwendig sind.As mentioned in the introduction, the warheads transporting the warheads 10 are mostly spin-stabilized, so that after the warhead 10 has been ejected and expediently before the parachute 11 is deployed, the swirl of the warhead 10, which has been communicated in the cargo floor, to the active part of the warhead 10 tolerable values must be reduced. This is particularly advantageous according to the invention is sufficient that an annular region 12 a of the housing 12 is divided into segments 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d, which are pivotally mounted eccentrically on axes 14 a, 14 b, 14 c, 14 d arranged in the housing 12 ( Fig. 1). The segments 13 a, b, c, d initially form part of the cylindrical landing of the housing 12 of the warhead 10. After the warhead 10 has been ejected, however, the segments 13 a, b, c, d are pivoted outward in such a way that they overlap protrude the diameter of the warhead 10. They are exposed to the air flow and offer such a high resistance that the number of revolutions of the warhead 10 noticeably decreases in a very short time while it continues to descend towards the target area. When ejected from swirl-stabilized cargo floors, the segments are swung out by centrifugal force, so that no additional force elements are necessary.

Auf diese Weise werden die Segmente 13 a, b, c, d, die zunächst als Gehäusebestandteil wirksam waren und den Fallschirm 11 schützten, jetzt als Drallbremse eingesetzt. Dadurch daß nunmehr nach dem Verschwenken der Segmente 13 a, b, c, d, die den Fallschirm 11 aufnehmende Ausnehmung für die Luftströmung frei zugänglich ist, wird auch das sichere Entfalten des Fallschirms 11 gefördert. Da ohnehin vorhandene Gehäuseteile jetzt als Drallbremse nutzbar verwendet werden, kann ein Totlastanteil eingespart und zusätzlicher Raum für die Nutzlast gewonnen werden.In this way, the segments 13 a, b, c, d, which were initially effective as a housing component and protect the parachute 11, are now used as a swirl brake. Characterized in that now after the pivoting of the segments 13 a, b, c, d, the recess receiving the parachute 11 is freely accessible to the air flow, the safe deployment of the parachute 11 is also promoted. Since already existing housing parts can now be used as swirl brakes, a dead load component can be saved and additional space can be gained for the payload.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird jetzt, unter Bezug auf Fig. 4 und Fig. 5, erläutert. Fig. 4 zeigt dabei wiederum eine Aufsicht auf den Gefechtskopf 10, wobei aus Gründen der Vereinfachung jetzt jedoch nur noch ein Segment 13 a dargestellt ist, das bereits seine Gehäusefunktion aufgegeben hat und um die Achse 14 a nach außen verschwenkt ist. Abweichend vom Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 und Fig. 3 sind hierbei die Achse 14 a und selbstverständlich die nicht ausdrücklich dargestellten Achsen 14 b, c, d winklig in Bezug auf die Längsachse 50 des Gefechtskopfes 10 derart angeordnet, daß sie mit dieser einen Winkelα einschließan, Dies hat zur Folge, daß die seitlichen Begrenzungsflächen der Segmente 13 a, b, c, d in Bezug auf die Fallrichtung des Gefechtskopfes 10 (entsprechend Pfeil 30 in Fig. 3) angestellt sind und der anströmenden Luft somit einen größeren Widerstand entgegensetzen als die Segmente im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig.1. Dadurch kann auf besonders einfache und vorteilhafte Weise noch eine zusätzliche Bremswirkung erzeugt werden, die zur Verminderung der Sinkgeschwindigkeit des Gefechtskopfes 10 beiträgt und, je nach den Umständen, die Verwendung eines einfacheren Fallschirms 11 ermöglicht. Gegebenenfalls kann, zumindest bei relativ leichten Gefechtsköpfen, 10 völlig auf einen zusätzlichen Fallschirm 11 verzichtet werden. Durch die Anstellung der Segmente 13 a, b, c, d im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 4 und Fig.5 kann auch ein definierter Restdrall des Gefechtskopfes 10 eingestellt werden, der gegebenenfalls bei mit Sensoren ausgestatteten Gefechtsköpfen 10 gewünscht ist, um eine Abtastung des Zielgebiets zu ermöglichen.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. 4 again shows a plan view of the warhead 10, but for reasons of simplification only one segment 13a is now shown, which has already given up its housing function and is pivoted outwards about the axis 14a. 1 and 3, the axis 14 a and of course the axes 14 b, c, d, which are not expressly shown, are arranged at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis 50 of the warhead 10 in such a way that they enclose an angle α with the latter , This has the consequence that the lateral boundary surfaces of the segments 13 a, b, c, d are adjusted with respect to the direction of fall of the warhead 10 (corresponding to arrow 30 in Fig. 3) and thus oppose the inflowing air with a greater resistance than that Segments in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. This allows an additional in a particularly simple and advantageous manner Liche braking effect are generated, which contributes to reducing the sinking speed of the warhead 10 and, depending on the circumstances, allows the use of a simpler parachute 11. If necessary, at least with relatively light warheads 10, an additional parachute 11 can be dispensed with. By setting the segments 13 a, b, c, d in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5, a defined residual twist of the warhead 10 can also be set, which is desired in warheads 10 equipped with sensors, in order to scan the target area to enable.

In gleicher Weise kann, auch wenn die Funktion als Drallbremse, zum Beispiel bei nicht drallstabilisierten Lastengeschossen, nicht gebraucht wird, die Anstellung der Segmente zur Aufbringung eines definierten Restdralls genutzt werden. Zum Ausschwenken der Segmente sind dann Kraftelemente vorzusehen.In the same way, even if the function as a swirl brake is not needed, for example in the case of non-swirl-stabilized load floors, the adjustment of the segments can be used to apply a defined residual swirl. Force elements are then to be provided for pivoting out the segments.

Claims (2)

1. Gefechtskopf mit einem im wesentlichen zylindrischen Gehäuse, der von einem Lastengeschoß über ein Zielgebiet transportiert, dort ausgestoßen wird und gebremst herabsinkt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein ringförmiger Bereich (12 a) des Gehäuses (12) des Gefechtskopfes (10) in Segmente (13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d) unterteilt ist, die exzentrisch angelenkt auf im Gehäuse (12) angeordneten Achsen (14 a, 14 b, 14 c, 14 d) schwenkbar gelagert sind.1. warhead with a substantially cylindrical housing that is transported from a cargo floor over a target area, is ejected there and brakes down, characterized in that an annular region (12 a) of the housing (12) of the warhead (10) in segments ( 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d) is divided, which are pivotally mounted eccentrically articulated on axes (14 a, 14 b, 14 c, 14 d) arranged in the housing (12). 2. Gefechtskopf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achsen (14 a, 14 b, 14 c, 14d) in Bezug auf die Längsachse (50) des Gefechtskopfes (10) schrägstehend angeordnet sind und mit dieser einen Winkel (α) bilden.2. Warhead according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes (14 a, 14 b, 14 c, 14d) are arranged obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis (50) of the warhead (10) and form an angle (α) with this .
EP19850110950 1984-09-27 1985-08-30 War head Withdrawn EP0182018A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3435420 1984-09-27
DE19843435420 DE3435420A1 (en) 1984-09-27 1984-09-27 SKULL HEAD

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EP0182018A1 true EP0182018A1 (en) 1986-05-28

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0277470A1 (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-08-10 Aktiebolaget Bofors Spin braking device for ammunition
FR2738908A1 (en) * 1995-09-15 1997-03-21 Giat Ind Sa Aerodynamic brake for sub=munitions released from spinning carrier shell

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3843431A1 (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-07-05 Diehl Gmbh & Co Submunition which can be ejected from an aircraft
DE3911115A1 (en) * 1989-04-06 1990-10-18 Diehl Gmbh & Co Anti-tank mine
DE3937762C2 (en) * 1989-11-14 1993-11-25 Diehl Gmbh & Co Artillery shell submunition

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2226123A1 (en) * 1971-06-24 1973-01-11 Bofors Ab REVOLUTIONARY BRAKE FOR BRAKING ONE OF A BULLET, A ROCKET OR DGL. SEPARABLE UNIT
GB1304671A (en) * 1970-01-08 1973-01-24
FR2144917A5 (en) * 1971-07-02 1973-02-16 Serat
DE2757141A1 (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-07-06 Bofors Ab DEVICE FOR BRAKING A ROTATING BODY

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1300708A (en) * 1916-02-12 1919-04-15 Thomas A Edison Projectile.
IT1149313B (en) * 1982-01-22 1986-12-03 Simmel Spa IMPROVEMENT IN DEVICES WITH REMOVABLE FLAPS TO BRAKE THE ROTATION OF ROTATING BODIES, IN PARTICULAR PROJECTILES

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1304671A (en) * 1970-01-08 1973-01-24
DE2226123A1 (en) * 1971-06-24 1973-01-11 Bofors Ab REVOLUTIONARY BRAKE FOR BRAKING ONE OF A BULLET, A ROCKET OR DGL. SEPARABLE UNIT
FR2144917A5 (en) * 1971-07-02 1973-02-16 Serat
DE2757141A1 (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-07-06 Bofors Ab DEVICE FOR BRAKING A ROTATING BODY

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0277470A1 (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-08-10 Aktiebolaget Bofors Spin braking device for ammunition
US4829903A (en) * 1986-12-01 1989-05-16 Aktiebolaget Bofors Ammunition device
FR2738908A1 (en) * 1995-09-15 1997-03-21 Giat Ind Sa Aerodynamic brake for sub=munitions released from spinning carrier shell

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Publication number Publication date
DE3435420A1 (en) 1986-04-03

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