EP0178288B1 - Plasmabrenner - Google Patents

Plasmabrenner Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0178288B1
EP0178288B1 EP85890220A EP85890220A EP0178288B1 EP 0178288 B1 EP0178288 B1 EP 0178288B1 EP 85890220 A EP85890220 A EP 85890220A EP 85890220 A EP85890220 A EP 85890220A EP 0178288 B1 EP0178288 B1 EP 0178288B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
nozzle
diffuser
outlet
plasma
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85890220A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0178288A2 (de
EP0178288A3 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Eger
Gerhard Dipl.-Ing. Scheiblhofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Original Assignee
Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH filed Critical Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
Publication of EP0178288A2 publication Critical patent/EP0178288A2/de
Publication of EP0178288A3 publication Critical patent/EP0178288A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0178288B1 publication Critical patent/EP0178288B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3484—Convergent-divergent nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma torch with an electrode inserted in a nozzle body for supplying gas along the outer jacket of the electrode, the electrode having a flow channel with a central outlet for an ionizable gas and being attached to a liquid-cooled electrode holder.
  • the outlet nozzle of the arc combustion chamber of the plasma jet generator is designed as a double nozzle, the inner nozzle outlet opening on the one hand and the outer, annular nozzle outlet opening on the other hand forming a Laval nozzle.
  • a disadvantage of this known plasma jet generator is that an increase in the burner output due to the design of the outlet nozzle is no longer possible because the plasma jet already formed in the arc combustion chamber is present in the area of the outlet nozzle.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding these deficiencies and of improving a plasma torch of the type described at the outset such that the burner output can be increased and the service life of the electrode can be increased using comparatively simple means.
  • the invention achieves the object in that the central outlet of the flow channel is designed as a diffuser and that the outlet opening of the diffuser projects from the nozzle body at an axial distance.
  • the diffuser By designing not the outlet nozzle of an arc combustion chamber, in which two electrodes are provided for generating a plasma jet, but rather the central flow channel outlet of an electrode as a diffuser, expansion of the supplied plasma gas and, in connection with an enlarged surface compared to a cylindrical bore, additional cooling the electrode is reached.
  • the diffuser also ensures an advantageous flow formation of the plasma gas, which stabilizes the plasma jet generated immediately after the nozzle.
  • the higher arc stability also requires a bath movement in the area of the arc, so that due to the movement-related breaking of the slag layer floating on the melt, an immediate heat transfer to the melt is made possible.
  • the larger electrode surface achieved by the diffuser results in a larger emission area, which results in a lower surface load on the electrode and thus a higher burner output.
  • the outlet opening of the diffuser protrudes from the nozzle body at an axial distance. Since the plasma jet can be largely stabilized by the diffuser, there is hardly any risk that the nozzle body, which is set back relative to the electrode and is cooled in the usual way, is exposed to a destructive heat load. The nozzle geometry is therefore retained even over longer service lives, in particular if the radial distance between the electrode and the nozzle body increases towards the outlet opening of the diffuser. This increase in distance not only has an advantageous effect on the thermal load on the nozzle body, but also on the flow of the gas supplied through the nozzle, because the formation of a laminar flow is supported by a diffuser effect.
  • the diffuser can be part of a Laval nozzle.
  • the diffuser or the Laval nozzle is connected to the flow channel via at least two passage openings.
  • the surfaces of two or more passage openings are correspondingly larger than the surface of a single passage opening, so that the emission area of the electrode is significantly increased by this measure and the specific areas load on the electrode is reduced, which allows a corresponding increase in the burner output for a predetermined, maximum permissible surface load.
  • the plasma torch shown essentially consists of an electrode 1 which is attached to a water-cooled electrode holder 2 in a conventional manner.
  • This electrode 1 is inserted with the electrode holder 2 in a water-cooled nozzle body 3, which forms an annular gap 4 with the electrode 1 for the passage of a flushing gas or a plasma gas.
  • a partition wall 5 consisting of a tube is provided both in the nozzle body 3 and in the electrode holder 2.
  • a conduit 6, which penetrates tightly through the electrode holder 2 and is inserted in a corresponding receiving recess of the electrode 1, is used for the central supply of an ionizable plasma gas.
  • This conduit 6 forms a flow channel 7, the central outlet of which is designed as a Laval nozzle 8.
  • This Laval nozzle 8 is connected via at least two through openings 9 to the flow channel 7, so that the ionizable gas from the flow channel 7 first passes through the through openings 9 into the tapering part 10 of the Laval nozzle 8, and then via the part designed as a diffuser 11 Laval nozzle to flow out of the electrode 1.
  • the outlet opening 12 of the diffuser 11 lies at an axial distance a in front of the nozzle body 3. If the distance a corresponds to at least one fifth of the electrode diameter, particularly advantageous nozzle conditions result.
  • the electrode 1 Since the electrode 1 has a hemispherical outer jacket in the region of its projecting end, while the inner jacket of the nozzle body 3 is conical, the radial distance b between the electrode 1 and the nozzle body 3 increases towards the outlet end 12 of the diffuser 11.
  • the gas passed through the annular gap 4 can therefore be passed on due to the diffuser effect which can thereby be achieved while avoiding disturbing eddy formation.
  • the distance b, which increases towards the exit of the annular gap 4 also effectively prevents a secondary arc from spreading over the nozzle body 3, especially since the arc is stabilized well with the diffuser 11 of the projecting electrode 1.
  • the design of the flow channel outlet in the form of a Laval nozzle not only ensures particularly favorable flow conditions for the centrally supplied plasma gas, but also results in an enlargement of the emission area of the electrode 1, which results in a reduction in the specific area load on the electrode.
  • the surface enlarged by the passage openings 9 supports this effect, so that the current load can be increased significantly compared to conventional electrodes.
  • the thermal load remains due to the electrode cooling by the supplied plasma gas within permissible limits, because the comparatively large emission surface and the expansion of the gas in the diffuser 11 improve the cooling of the electrode.
  • the extensive avoidance of turbulence also entails a plasma flow which permits bath movement at the other end of the arc, so that the slag layer floating on the melt is torn open and an immediate heat transfer to the melt can be achieved.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
EP85890220A 1984-10-11 1985-09-12 Plasmabrenner Expired - Lifetime EP0178288B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0323284A AT381826B (de) 1984-10-11 1984-10-11 Plasmabrenner
AT3232/84 1984-10-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0178288A2 EP0178288A2 (de) 1986-04-16
EP0178288A3 EP0178288A3 (en) 1988-08-03
EP0178288B1 true EP0178288B1 (de) 1990-10-24

Family

ID=3547431

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85890220A Expired - Lifetime EP0178288B1 (de) 1984-10-11 1985-09-12 Plasmabrenner

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4650953A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0178288B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS61179100A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT381826B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1241999A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DD (1) DD239707A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3580233D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA857486B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3884653T2 (de) * 1987-04-03 1994-02-03 Fujitsu Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gasphasenabscheidung von Diamant.
JPH0658840B2 (ja) * 1988-04-26 1994-08-03 新日本製鐵株式会社 移行形プラズマトーチ
US4954683A (en) * 1989-05-26 1990-09-04 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Plasma arc gouger
US4990739A (en) * 1989-07-07 1991-02-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Plasma gun with coaxial powder feed and adjustable cathode
IN180745B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1990-01-17 1998-03-14 Univ Sydney
US5079403A (en) * 1990-10-22 1992-01-07 W. A. Whitney Corp. Nozzle for plasma arc torch
GB9108891D0 (en) * 1991-04-25 1991-06-12 Tetronics Research & Dev Co Li Silica production
US5208448A (en) * 1992-04-03 1993-05-04 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Plasma torch nozzle with improved cooling gas flow
US5257500A (en) * 1992-07-27 1993-11-02 General Electric Company Aircraft engine ignition system
US5640841A (en) * 1995-05-08 1997-06-24 Crosby; Rulon Plasma torch ignition for low NOx combustion turbine combustor with monitoring means and plasma generation control means
US5771818A (en) * 1996-05-20 1998-06-30 Prometron Technics Co., Ltd. Cooling system for waste disposal device
DE19626941A1 (de) * 1996-07-04 1998-01-08 Castolin Sa Verfahren zum Beschichten oder Schweißen leicht oxidierbarer Werkstoffe sowie Plasmabrenner dafür
US6207923B1 (en) 1998-11-05 2001-03-27 Hypertherm, Inc. Plasma arc torch tip providing a substantially columnar shield flow
US6362450B1 (en) 2001-01-30 2002-03-26 The Esab Group, Inc. Gas flow for plasma arc torch
JPWO2004070809A1 (ja) * 2003-02-06 2006-05-25 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 表示装置の作製方法
US6969819B1 (en) * 2004-05-18 2005-11-29 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma arc torch
US20070045241A1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2007-03-01 Schneider Joseph C Contact start plasma torch and method of operation
CN101998750B (zh) * 2009-08-14 2012-09-26 中国科学院金属研究所 一种等离子体阴极与保护方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2967926A (en) * 1958-03-10 1961-01-10 Union Carbide Corp Testing process and apparatus
US3130292A (en) * 1960-12-27 1964-04-21 Union Carbide Corp Arc torch apparatus for use in metal melting furnaces
US3304719A (en) * 1964-07-28 1967-02-21 Giannini Scient Corp Apparatus and method for heating and accelerating gas
SU437320A3 (ru) * 1969-10-31 1974-07-25 Сименс Аг (Фирма) Устройство для получения высокоскоростной газовой струи
FR2156978A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-10-13 1973-06-01 Anvar
BE795891A (fr) * 1972-02-23 1973-06-18 Electricity Council Perfectionnements aux chalumeaux a plasma
DE2603413A1 (de) * 1976-01-29 1977-08-04 Ustav Pro Vyzkum Vyrobu A Vyuz Plasmatron mit hochwirksamem eintragen fester, fluessiger oder gasfoermiger stoffe
DE2900330A1 (de) * 1978-01-09 1979-07-12 Inst Elektroswarki Patona Verfahren zur plasmaerzeugung in einem plasma-lichtbogen-generator und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3241476A1 (de) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-10 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zur einleitung von ionisierbarem gas in ein plasma eines lichtbogenbrenners und plasmabrenner zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US4521666A (en) * 1982-12-23 1985-06-04 Union Carbide Corporation Plasma arc torch
US4558201A (en) * 1984-12-10 1985-12-10 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Plasma-arc torch with gas cooled blow-out electrode

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA323284A (de) 1986-04-15
US4650953A (en) 1987-03-17
DD239707A5 (de) 1986-10-01
ZA857486B (en) 1986-06-25
EP0178288A2 (de) 1986-04-16
AT381826B (de) 1986-12-10
CA1241999A (en) 1988-09-13
JPS61179100A (ja) 1986-08-11
JPH0514399B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-02-24
EP0178288A3 (en) 1988-08-03
DE3580233D1 (de) 1990-11-29

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