EP0176454B1 - Auxiliary opening system for sunshades and the like - Google Patents

Auxiliary opening system for sunshades and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0176454B1
EP0176454B1 EP85420159A EP85420159A EP0176454B1 EP 0176454 B1 EP0176454 B1 EP 0176454B1 EP 85420159 A EP85420159 A EP 85420159A EP 85420159 A EP85420159 A EP 85420159A EP 0176454 B1 EP0176454 B1 EP 0176454B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jack
cylinder
lug
opening system
piston rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85420159A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0176454A1 (en
Inventor
Julien Broyer
Bernard Massenet De Marancour
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CESSIONE;NEYRAT PEYRONIE PARASOLS
Original Assignee
Srpm Realisation De Productions Metalliques Sarl Ste
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Application filed by Srpm Realisation De Productions Metalliques Sarl Ste filed Critical Srpm Realisation De Productions Metalliques Sarl Ste
Publication of EP0176454A1 publication Critical patent/EP0176454A1/en
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Publication of EP0176454B1 publication Critical patent/EP0176454B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45B—WALKING STICKS; UMBRELLAS; LADIES' OR LIKE FANS
    • A45B25/00—Details of umbrellas
    • A45B25/16—Automatic openers, e.g. frames with spring mechanisms
    • A45B25/165—Automatic openers, e.g. frames with spring mechanisms with fluid or electric actuators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to large parasols comprising a system of branches and forks which can be folded down along a pole to support a fabric or other cover.
  • the invention can of course be applied to frames or other similar devices such as umbrellas, parasols, etc. although it is in the case of large parasols that its application seems to be of most interest.
  • the improvements which are the subject of the present invention aim to allow the realization of an opening system for parasols whose cost is relatively low, which has a small footprint and whose operation is simple and safe.
  • the known mechanical systems are replaced by at least one compressed gas cylinder whose arrangement relative to the mast and to the branches allows the automatic opening of the latter and their locking in the closed position.
  • At least one compressed gas cylinder or gas spring known per se is provided, the cylinder of which is articulated to a ring fixed to the mast, while the free end of its piston rod is associated with an integral tab. of one of the branches by means of articulation means such that in the closed state of the parasol the point of attachment of the piston rod of the jack is located between the mast and the notional line joining the articulation of the cylinder of said cylinder and the pivot point of the branch in question.
  • an additional cylinder is provided which is arranged diametrically opposite and whose articulation means to the corresponding branch are arranged so that this additional cylinder is in an unstable equilibrium position when the parasol is closed.
  • a conventional parasol comprising a mast 1 at one end of which is placed a nut 2 with respect to which are hingedly mounted a multiplicity of branches 3 arranged in a star from said nut.
  • a fork 3a secured to each branch 3 is articulated the forked end of a fork 4, the other end of which is pivotally mounted relative to a sag 5 which slides along the mast 1 to bring all the branches 3 from a deployed position to a folded position or vice versa.
  • the folding frame formed by all of the branches 3 is covered with a cover 6 of fabric, plastic or other suitable material.
  • a ring 8 is fixed on the mast 1, above the top position of the slide 5 at which the branches are deployed to stretch the cover 6, for example by means of a pin 7 passing through that -this and the mast.
  • This ring has two yokes 8a, 8b diametrically opposite to each of which is associated the lower tab 9a, 9'a of the cylinder 9, 9 'of an actuator 10, 10' with compressed air.
  • Each tongue is articulated around an axis 11 passing through each of the yokes 8a, 8b.
  • the cylinders used are sold commercially under the name compressed gas cylinder, they are not connected to any power source and behave like a compression spring. A common application of such jacks is the slaving of the closing or opening of the trunk or engine compartment doors of motor vehicles.
  • the yokes 8a, 8b are oriented so as to be in the vertical plane containing the mast 2 and two opposite branches 3.
  • Each of the two opposite branches of the umbrella frame carries a lug 12, respectively 13 to which is articulated the free end of the piston rod 14, 14 'of each cylinder. It is observed that the distance to the mast of the legs 12 and 13 is identical, but that the length of the leg 13 is greater than that of the leg 12 for reasons which will be explained better below.
  • the two jacks are almost completely contracted as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the point of articulation of the piston rod 14 of the jack 10 with the tab 13 is located between the mast 1 and a fictitious line referenced 15 which joins the point of articulation 16 of the branch carrying the tab 13 to the axis 11 to which the cylinder of said jack is articulated.
  • the triangulation considered causes the constitution of a force which tends to press the branch considered against the mast .
  • the pivoting of the branch 3 associated with the jack 10 ensures that of the other branches because all of these are integral with the nut 2 and the runner 5. Likewise, its locking against the mast causes that of the other branches.
  • the branch carrying the tab 13 may be provided with a cord or other means of tightening all of the branches, this means being used to cause the opening.
  • a cord or other means of tightening all of the branches this means being used to cause the opening.

Landscapes

  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Walking Sticks, Umbrellas, And Fans (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se réfère aux parasols de grandes dimensions comportant un système de branches et de fourchettes repliables le long d'un mât pour supporter une couverture en tissu ou autre. L'invention peut bien entendu être appliquée à des montures ou autres dispositifs semblables tels que les parapluies, ombrelles etc. bien que ce soit dans le cas des parasols de grandes dimensions que son application paraît devoir présenter le plus d'intérêt.The present invention relates to large parasols comprising a system of branches and forks which can be folded down along a pole to support a fabric or other cover. The invention can of course be applied to frames or other similar devices such as umbrellas, parasols, etc. although it is in the case of large parasols that its application seems to be of most interest.

On sait que l'ouverture des parasols de grandes dimensions est pénible du fait que l'effort à mettre en oeuvre pour déployer les branches est très important, de sorte qu'une telle manoeuvre ne peut pas être effectuée par quelqu'un qui ne peut pas développer une force musculaire élevée. On a donc prévu des systèmes d'ouverture assistée réalisés au moyen de leviers démultiplicateurs et de ressorts (DE-A-1130562 et 1906481, FR-A-399323), ou de systèmes à crémaillère mûs au moyen d'une manivelle. On comprend aisément que de tels systèmes d'assistance sont coûteux et de manipulation difficile du fait qu'ils se trouvent situés le long du mât, c'est-à-dire à l'intérieur de la couverture du parasol lorsque celui-ci est à l'état fermé.We know that the opening of large umbrellas is painful because the effort to deploy to deploy the branches is very important, so that such an operation can not be performed by someone who can not not develop high muscle strength. We have therefore provided assisted opening systems produced by means of multiplier levers and springs (DE-A-1130562 and 1906481, FR-A-399323), or of rack and pinion systems driven by means of a crank. It is easy to understand that such assistance systems are costly and difficult to handle because they are located along the pole, that is to say inside the umbrella cover when it is in the closed state.

Les perfectionnements qui font l'objet de la présente invention visent à permettre la réalisation d'un système d'ouverture pour parasols dont le prix de revient soit relativement bas, qui présente un faible encombrement et dont le fonctionnement soit simple et sûr.The improvements which are the subject of the present invention aim to allow the realization of an opening system for parasols whose cost is relatively low, which has a small footprint and whose operation is simple and safe.

Suivant l'invention, on remplace les systèmes mécaniques connus par au moins un vérin à gaz comprimé dont l'agencement par rapport au mât et aux branches permette l'ouverture automatique de celles-ci et leur verrouillage en position fermée.According to the invention, the known mechanical systems are replaced by at least one compressed gas cylinder whose arrangement relative to the mast and to the branches allows the automatic opening of the latter and their locking in the closed position.

A cet effet, on prévoit au moins un vérin à gaz comprimé ou ressort à gaz en soi connu, dont le cylindre est articulé à une bague fixée au mât, tandis que l'extrémité libre de sa tige de piston est associée à une patte solidaire d'une des branches par l'intermédiaire de moyens d'articulation tels qu'à l'état fermé du parasol le point d'attache de la tige du piston du vérin soit situé entre le mât et la ligne fictive joignant l'articulation du cylindre dudit vérin et le point de pivotement de la branche considérée.To this end, at least one compressed gas cylinder or gas spring known per se is provided, the cylinder of which is articulated to a ring fixed to the mast, while the free end of its piston rod is associated with an integral tab. of one of the branches by means of articulation means such that in the closed state of the parasol the point of attachment of the piston rod of the jack is located between the mast and the notional line joining the articulation of the cylinder of said cylinder and the pivot point of the branch in question.

Suivant un mode de réalisation préféré, on prévoit un vérin supplémentaire disposé de manière diamétralement opposée et dont les moyens d'articulation à la branche correspondante sont agencés de sorte que ce vérin supplémentaire se trouve en position d'équilibre instable lorsque le parasol est fermé.According to a preferred embodiment, an additional cylinder is provided which is arranged diametrically opposite and whose articulation means to the corresponding branch are arranged so that this additional cylinder is in an unstable equilibrium position when the parasol is closed.

Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente et les avantages qu'elle est susceptible de procurer:

  • Fig. 1 est une vue partielle en coupe d'un parasol pourvu d'un système d'ouverture assistée suivant l'invention, le parasol étant représenté ouvert;
  • fig. 2 montre le parasol suivant l'invention en position fermée.
The appended drawing, given by way of example, will allow a better understanding of the invention, the characteristics which it presents and the advantages which it is capable of providing:
  • Fig. 1 is a partial sectional view of a parasol provided with an assisted opening system according to the invention, the parasol being shown open;
  • fig. 2 shows the parasol according to the invention in the closed position.

On a représenté en fig. 1 un parasol usuel comportant un mât 1 à l'une des extrémités duquel se trouve placée une noix 2 par rapport à laquelle sont montées à articulation une multiplicité de branches 3 disposées en étoile à partir de ladite noix. A une oreille 3a solidaire de chaque branche 3 est articulée l'extrémité fourchue d'une fourchette 4 dont l'autre extrémité est montée à pivotement par rapport à un coulant 5 qui coulisse le long du mât 1 pour amener l'ensemble des branches 3 d'une position déployée à une position repliée ou vice versa. Bien entendu, l'armature pliante formée par l'ensemble des branches 3 est recouverte d'une couverture 6 en tissu, en matière plastique ou autre matière appropriée.There is shown in fig. 1 a conventional parasol comprising a mast 1 at one end of which is placed a nut 2 with respect to which are hingedly mounted a multiplicity of branches 3 arranged in a star from said nut. A fork 3a secured to each branch 3 is articulated the forked end of a fork 4, the other end of which is pivotally mounted relative to a sag 5 which slides along the mast 1 to bring all the branches 3 from a deployed position to a folded position or vice versa. Of course, the folding frame formed by all of the branches 3 is covered with a cover 6 of fabric, plastic or other suitable material.

Il n'est pas nécessaire de décrire de manière plus détaillée l'agencement précité du fait qu'il est tout à fait usuel dans la technique.There is no need to describe in more detail the above arrangement since it is quite common in the art.

Conformément à l'invention, on fixe sur le mât 1, au-dessus de la position haute du coulant 5 à laquelle les branches sont déployées pour tendre la couverture 6, une bague 8, par exemple au moyen d'une goupille 7 traversant celle-ci et le mât. Cette bague comporte deux chapes 8a, 8b diamétralement opposées à chacune desquelles est associée la languette inférieure 9a, 9'a du cylindre 9, 9' d'un vérin 10, 10' à air comprimé. Chaque languette est articulée autour d'un axe 11 traversant chacune des chapes 8a, 8b. Les vérins utilisés sont vendus dans le commerce sous la dénomination vérin à gaz comprimé, ils ne sont reliés à aucune source d'alimentation et se comportent à la manière d'un ressort de compression. Une application courante de tels vérins est l'asservissement de la fermeture ou de l'ouverture des portes de coffre ou de compartiment moteur de véhicules automobile.According to the invention, a ring 8 is fixed on the mast 1, above the top position of the slide 5 at which the branches are deployed to stretch the cover 6, for example by means of a pin 7 passing through that -this and the mast. This ring has two yokes 8a, 8b diametrically opposite to each of which is associated the lower tab 9a, 9'a of the cylinder 9, 9 'of an actuator 10, 10' with compressed air. Each tongue is articulated around an axis 11 passing through each of the yokes 8a, 8b. The cylinders used are sold commercially under the name compressed gas cylinder, they are not connected to any power source and behave like a compression spring. A common application of such jacks is the slaving of the closing or opening of the trunk or engine compartment doors of motor vehicles.

On observe que les chapes 8a, 8b sont orientées de manière à se trouver dans le plan vertical renfermant le mât 2 et deux branches opposées 3.It is observed that the yokes 8a, 8b are oriented so as to be in the vertical plane containing the mast 2 and two opposite branches 3.

Chacune des deux branches opposées de l'armature du parasol porte une patte 12, respectivement 13 à laquelle est articulée l'extrémité libre de la tige du piston 14, 14' de chaque vérin. On observe que la distance au mât des pattes 12 et 13 est identique, mais que la longueur de la patte 13 est supérieure à celle de la patte 12 pour des raisons qu'on expliquera mieux plus loin.Each of the two opposite branches of the umbrella frame carries a lug 12, respectively 13 to which is articulated the free end of the piston rod 14, 14 'of each cylinder. It is observed that the distance to the mast of the legs 12 and 13 is identical, but that the length of the leg 13 is greater than that of the leg 12 for reasons which will be explained better below.

Du fait que les vérins 10, 10' agissent à l'extension, c'est-à-dire que leur tige de piston a tendance à toujours sortir de leur cylindre, la force développée par les vérins maintient les branches du parasol de manière stable en position ouverte. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de prévoir une butée escamotable destinée à verrouiller le coulant 5 contre la bague 8. Toutefois, un tel système pourrait fort bien être utilisé à titre de sécurité.Because the cylinders 10, 10 'act in extension, that is to say that their piston rod always tends to come out of their cylinder, the force developed by the cylinders keeps the branches of the parasol stably in the open position. It is therefore not necessary to provide a retractable stop intended to lock the slide 5 against the ring 8. However, such a system could very well be used as a security.

Pour fermer le parasol, il suffit de tirer le coulant 5 vers le bas du mât 1 à l'encontre de la réaction des vérins 10, 10'. Cette traction vers le bas du coulant peut s'effectuer au moyen d'une poignée ou d'une lanière associée à ce dernier. L'effort est maximal au départ de la course de descente du coulant et il diminue au fur et à mesure que la fermeture se produit.To close the parasol, simply pull the slide 5 down from the mast 1 against the reaction of the jacks 10, 10 '. This pulling down the slider can be done by means of a handle or a strap associated with the latter. The effort is maximum at the start of the downhill race flowing and it decreases as the closure occurs.

A la fin du mouvement vers le bas du coulant 5, les deux vérins sont pratiquement complètement contractés comme illustré en fig. 2. Sur cette figure, on observe que le point d'articulation de la tige de piston 14 du vérin 10 avec la patte 13 se trouve situé entre le mât 1 et une ligne fictive référencée 15 qui joint le point d'articulation 16 de la branche portant la patte 13 à l'axe 11 auquel le cylindre dudit vérin s'articule. Comme l'effort développé par le vérin s'effectue suivant la flèche F, c'est-à-dire en direction de la noix 2, la triangulation considérée entraîne la constitution d'une force qui tend à appuyer la branche considérée contre le mât. Bien entendu, le pivotement de la branche 3 associée au vérin 10 assure celui des autres branches du fait que toutes celles-ci sont solidaires de la noix 2 et du coulant 5. De même, son verrouillage contre le mât provoque celui des autres branches.At the end of the downward movement of the slide 5, the two jacks are almost completely contracted as illustrated in FIG. 2. In this figure, it can be seen that the point of articulation of the piston rod 14 of the jack 10 with the tab 13 is located between the mast 1 and a fictitious line referenced 15 which joins the point of articulation 16 of the branch carrying the tab 13 to the axis 11 to which the cylinder of said jack is articulated. As the force developed by the jack takes place along the arrow F, that is to say in the direction of the nut 2, the triangulation considered causes the constitution of a force which tends to press the branch considered against the mast . Of course, the pivoting of the branch 3 associated with the jack 10 ensures that of the other branches because all of these are integral with the nut 2 and the runner 5. Likewise, its locking against the mast causes that of the other branches.

Quand au second vérin 10', du fait que sa patte d'articulation à la branche diamétralement opposée de l'armature est plus courte que celle 13, son articulation à la tige de piston 14' de ce vérin se trouve située sur la ligne joignant le point de pivotement 16 de la branche portant la patte 12 à l'axe d'articulation 11 du cylindre 9' du vérin considéré. De cette manière, lorsque le parasol est replié, le vérin 10' associé à la patte 12 se trouve en position d'équilibre instable, de telle sorte qu'il n'influe pas sur le maintien en position repliée des différentes branches.When the second cylinder 10 ', because its hinge tab to the diametrically opposite branch of the frame is shorter than that 13, its articulation to the piston rod 14' of this cylinder is located on the joining line the pivot point 16 of the branch carrying the tab 12 to the hinge pin 11 of the cylinder 9 'of the jack considered. In this way, when the parasol is folded, the jack 10 'associated with the lug 12 is in an unstable equilibrium position, so that it does not influence the maintenance in the folded position of the different branches.

La branche portant la patte 13 peut être pourvue d'une cordelette ou autre moyen de resserrer l'ensemble des branches, ce moyen étant utilisé pour provoquer l'ouverture. A cet effet, après que la cordelette ait été défaite, il suffit à l'utilisateur, après mise en position verticale du mât et fixation de sa partie basse sur un socle approprié, d'effectuer une faible traction sur la corde de manière centrifuge pour provoquer le déplacement du point d'articulation du vérin 10 à la patte 13 à l'extérieur de la ligne 15, de telle sorte qu'à partir de ce moment l'ouverture s'effectue automatiquement grâce à l'action des deux vérins 10,10'.The branch carrying the tab 13 may be provided with a cord or other means of tightening all of the branches, this means being used to cause the opening. To this end, after the cord has been undone, it suffices for the user, after placing the mast in the vertical position and fixing its lower part on an appropriate base, to perform a slight pull on the cord centrifugally to cause the point of articulation of the jack 10 to the tab 13 to move outside the line 15, so that from this moment the opening is effected automatically by the action of the two jacks 10 , 10 '.

On a ainsi réalisé un système d'ouverture et de fermeture assistée pour parasol ou analogue dont l'ouverture s'effectue par simple action sur une seule branche pourvue d'un vérin de commande agencé de manière à former une genouillère avec elle et le mât.An assisted opening and closing system for a parasol or the like has thus been produced, the opening of which is effected by simple action on a single branch provided with a control jack arranged so as to form a toggle joint with it and the mast. .

On pourrait bien entendu n'employer que le vérin 10 formant genouillère, mais il est préférable pour équilibrer l'ouverture de prévoir un second vérin 10' diamétralement opposé. Il est évident qu'en cas de parasols de très grandes dimensions, on pourrait prévoir plusieurs vérins 10' dont l'un serait disposé diamétralement opposé à celui 10.One could of course only use the jack 10 forming a toggle joint, but it is preferable to balance the opening to provide a second jack 10 'diametrically opposite. It is obvious that in the case of very large parasols, several jacks 10 ′ could be provided, one of which would be arranged diametrically opposite to that 10.

On peut prévoir une douille 17 constituant butée inférieure pour le coulant 5, sans que la présence de cet élément soit indispensable, car on peut prévoir que la butée s'effectue par contact du cylindre du vérin 10 contre le mât.It is possible to provide a socket 17 constituting a lower stop for the slide 5, without the presence of this element being essential, since it can be provided that the stop is effected by contacting the cylinder of the jack 10 against the mast.

Claims (3)

1. Auxiliary opening system for sunshades and the like comprising a pole (1) whereof one of the ends is provided with a sheave (2) on which the arms (6) are pivoted in the form of a star, characterized in that it comprises at least one compressed gas jack (10) known per se, whereof the cylinder is pivoted on a ring (8) fixed to the pole, whereas the free end of its piston rod (14) is associated with a lug (13) integral with one of the arms (3) through the intermediary of pivot means such that when the sunshade is closed, the point of attachment of the piston rod of the jack (10) with respect to the lug (13) is situated between the pole (1) and the imaginary line (15) joining the pivot point (16) of the arm in question to the sheave (2) of the sunshade and the pivot point (11) of the cylinder of this jack to the ring (8).
2. Auxiliary opening system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one additional jack (10') is provided, arranged in a diametrically opposed manner with respect to the jack (10) and whereof the means for pivotal connection to the corresponding arm (3) are provided so that this jack (10') is in a position of unstable equilibrium when the sunshade is closed.
3. Opening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the lug (13) on which the piston rod (14) of the jack (10) is pivoted, is longer than the lug (12) with which the rod of the second jack (10') is associated, the said lugs being situated at an equal distance from the sheave (2).
EP85420159A 1984-09-04 1985-09-03 Auxiliary opening system for sunshades and the like Expired EP0176454B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8413749 1984-09-04
FR8413749A FR2569753B1 (en) 1984-09-04 1984-09-04 ASSISTED OPENING SYSTEM FOR UMBRELLAS AND THE LIKE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0176454A1 EP0176454A1 (en) 1986-04-02
EP0176454B1 true EP0176454B1 (en) 1988-08-03

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EP85420159A Expired EP0176454B1 (en) 1984-09-04 1985-09-03 Auxiliary opening system for sunshades and the like

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US (1) US4610262A (en)
EP (1) EP0176454B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1251373A (en)
DE (1) DE3564072D1 (en)
ES (1) ES288877Y (en)
FR (1) FR2569753B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9113211U1 (en) * 1991-02-27 1992-04-02 Becher Textil- & Stahlbau GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Umbrella, especially standing umbrella
US5370144A (en) * 1994-05-24 1994-12-06 Yang; Chi-Kuo Multiple-fold mini umbrella with centralized retraction
US6068008A (en) * 1997-06-12 2000-05-30 Caldwell; John W Self-standing shelter with reel-mounted deployable and retractable canopy
CH689752A5 (en) * 1999-03-10 1999-10-15 Walter Steiner Large umbrella to be used as parasol or for market or information stall
FR2792022B1 (en) * 1999-04-06 2001-06-22 Jean Collet PARASOL AND ITS DEPLOYMENT AND REPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE DEVICE
US7665477B1 (en) * 2008-01-22 2010-02-23 Martin Hathaway Self closing stationary umbrella
CN102247042B (en) * 2011-07-28 2013-12-18 马准安 Labor saving mechanism for deploying sunshade
USD759955S1 (en) 2011-12-26 2016-06-28 Oliver Joen-An Ma Umbrella
US9113683B2 (en) * 2012-10-22 2015-08-25 Oliver Joen-An Ma Umbrella
CN103735008B (en) * 2014-01-28 2016-06-01 上海炫姿装饰制品有限公司 hydraulic side umbrella

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US256774A (en) * 1882-04-18 watson
GB190903317A (en) * 1908-03-18 1909-07-01 William Phillips Thompson Improvements in Self Opening Umbrellas.
DE275539C (en) * 1913-08-11
US1616276A (en) * 1926-06-16 1927-02-01 Orsik George Collapsible umbrella
US2816560A (en) * 1956-05-23 1957-12-17 Wuster Heinrich Self-closing umbrella frame
GB1252343A (en) * 1968-02-11 1971-11-03
AT310977B (en) * 1969-01-04 1973-10-25 Bauermann & Soehne Ges Mit Bes Frame for a self-opening, preferably shortenable umbrella

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ES288877U (en) 1986-04-16
CA1251373A (en) 1989-03-21
EP0176454A1 (en) 1986-04-02
FR2569753A1 (en) 1986-03-07
ES288877Y (en) 1986-12-01
FR2569753B1 (en) 1986-09-12
DE3564072D1 (en) 1988-09-08
US4610262A (en) 1986-09-09

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