EP0174755B1 - Pedestrian, vehicular, or sports playing surfaces and underlays/shock pads - Google Patents

Pedestrian, vehicular, or sports playing surfaces and underlays/shock pads Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0174755B1
EP0174755B1 EP19850305906 EP85305906A EP0174755B1 EP 0174755 B1 EP0174755 B1 EP 0174755B1 EP 19850305906 EP19850305906 EP 19850305906 EP 85305906 A EP85305906 A EP 85305906A EP 0174755 B1 EP0174755 B1 EP 0174755B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
fibres
open
particulate material
open fibrous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850305906
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0174755A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Leslie Kennan Dury
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL
Original Assignee
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB848421659A external-priority patent/GB8421659D0/en
Priority claimed from GB848421655A external-priority patent/GB8421655D0/en
Priority claimed from GB858504667A external-priority patent/GB8504667D0/en
Application filed by NOTTINGHAMSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL filed Critical NOTTINGHAMSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL
Priority to AT85305906T priority Critical patent/ATE47440T1/de
Publication of EP0174755A1 publication Critical patent/EP0174755A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0174755B1 publication Critical patent/EP0174755B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/004—Pavings specially adapted for allowing vegetation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C15/00—Pavings specially adapted for footpaths, sidewalks or cycle tracks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/08—Temporary pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • E01C2013/086—Combination of synthetic and natural grass

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of forming a pedestrian, vehicular or sports playing surface or underlay/shock pad.
  • a method of forming a structure for a pedestrian, vehicular or sports playing surface or underlay/shock pad structure comprises the steps of providing a structure which includes a layer of an open fibrous synthetic material in which the open fibrous synthetic material is formed from needle punching,
  • the open fibrous synthetic material comprises a plurality of individual fibres, with open spaces therebetween,
  • the particulate material is constrained from any substantial movement by the fibres and in which the horizontal portions of the fibres are responsive in combination with the vertical and angular fibres and the particulate material to resist sideways movement of the particulate material.
  • the particulate material is suitably a fine aggregate material such as sand or soil, or a synthetic particulate material, for example of plastics or rubber. Peat or other organic growth-supporting materials may also be used.
  • the particles applied are suitably sized at 0.125 to 3 mm for rubber or the like and 0.125 to 5 mm for sand, which is most suitably of rounded grains, although for certain applications, such as cricket pitches and vehicular surfaces, angular particles are preferable.
  • the minimum particle size will be substantially smaller than 0.125 mm.
  • a combination of filler particles may be used, for example rubber particles and sand in distinct layers, or even uniformly mixed to achieve the desired characteristics of ball bounce, for example, in a sports playing surface.
  • the fibrous material is preferably a polyester or polypropylene fibre wadding formed by distributing fibres randomly in a layer and then needle-punching the layer to bind the fibres together, followed by at least one further needling operation in which fibres are pushed through the layer so as to extend from one face thereof, while remaining anchored at one end in the layer.
  • the wadding resulting from such an operation may thus have initially 50% to 75% of the fibres vertical or substantially vertical, some fibres extending obliquely, and the remainder horizontal or substantially horizontal.
  • the horizontal or near- horizontal fibres may form a layer at one face of the wadding, giving a pile carpet-like structure on the opposite face.
  • the initial air space in the wadding represents about 35% to 80% by volume of the wadding.
  • a suitable wadding can be formed from a mixture of fibres, comprising 10% to 30% of 10 to 30 denier fibres, for example polypropylene, and the balance of about 100 to 150 denier fibres. Fibres in excess of 150 denier in particular in the range 150 to 300 denier may be desirable for specific surfaces but there are difficulties in needle punching as the fibre weight increases which make it difficult to produce a good open fibrous structure. Fibres in the intermediate range 30 to 100 denier may be used in. substitution for or in mixture with the other fibre ranges.
  • the thickness of the wadding is preferably 4 mm to 37 mm, more preferably at least 12.5 mm, and the density is preferably from 0.25 to 1.2 kgm- 2 for an 18 mm thick wadding.
  • the wadding may contain some resin as a binder.
  • a further material may be placed on top of the filled wadding, for example a synthetic turf material, but the surface may be usable without any additional materials.
  • the fibrous material when covered with another surface material, may be a tufted carpet material formed from synthetic materials such as polypropylene or polyester fibres or strips.
  • One aspect of the invention provides a method which further comprises introducing grass seed into a particulate growth medium within the wadding so that grass may be cultivated therein.
  • plastics reinforcing meshes and the like to reinforce a turf surface
  • many of these systems result in the growth nodes of the grass lying on the surface, where they are more readily damaged.
  • the growth nodes are within the surface and, as these and part of the aerial growth are protected by the filled wadding, a more durable turf may be formed.
  • This method may be adapted to produce turf to be laid at another location.
  • the wadding with growth medium filler is laid on a suitably drained, but preferably non-growth supporting surface, e.g. of concrete, and when the grass has grown to the desired density the resultant turf can be rolled up for transport.
  • the area to be turfed is excavated to a depth of, for example, 45 to 100 mm below the desired surface level.
  • a lining of water-permeable membrane for example formed from needle-punched, resin-bonded, synthetic fibres, is placed in the excavation, and a layer of sand 25 to 80 mm thick is introduced. Wadding approximately 18 mm thick is laid on to the sand and a soil- or peat-based particulate growth medium or sand is introduced into the wadding and seeded with grass seed.
  • a strong reinforced turf surface can be produced, which is suitable for use as a hard-wearing sports surface.
  • the method of the invention is simple and economical and provides a stable surface suitable for a variety of uses such as footpaths, roads, especially temporary roads, sports playing surfaces and decorative turf areas in locations susceptible to erosion or instability.
  • the surface formed by the method of the invention may also be used to provide a sports playing surface of predetermined playing characteristics, such as ball bounce, the characteristics being chosen by varying the position of the layer of wadding in the structure of the surface, and the particulate material used to fill the wadding.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a pile carpet, preferably comprising bonded needle-punched synthetic fibres with a bonded backing layer, and resilient particles, e.g. of rubber, introduced into the fibre pile of the carpet.
  • a further advantage of the carpet in accordance with the invention is that it gives rise to less drag on the spikes than conventional surfaces formed from bonded rubber particles and may permit a runner to achieve a greater speed, for example.
  • a sheet 2 of polypropylene fibre wadding 18 mm thick and comprising 20% of 15 denier fibres, with the balance of 100 denier fibres.
  • the wadding is formed by needle-punching a random mat of the fibres to produce a smooth base layer 3 of substantially horizontal fibres and an open layer 4 in which at least 60% of the fibres are vertical or substantially vertical.
  • a layer of rubber particles 5 sized from 0.25 to 0.75 mm is produced in the open layer 4 to approximately half the height thereof by sprinkling and/or brushing in such a manner as not to flatten the wadding significantly.
  • a layer of sand 6, in the form of rounded grains sized about 0.5 mm, is then introduced into the upper half of the open layer 4, to overlie the rubber particle layer 5.
  • the resulting structure can be used without further cover as a pedestrian surface or sports surface, but an artificial turf may be laid on top, if desired.
  • the layer of wadding is enclosed, after filling with sand or rubber particles, in permeable membrane, for example a thin (1 mm) resin-bonded polyester fibre mat.
  • permeable membrane for example a thin (1 mm) resin-bonded polyester fibre mat. This may form an envelope, in the manner disclosed and claimed in our published European Patent Application No. 93008.
  • a sports playing surface suitable for use as a running track surface is laid on a suitably prepared base 10 and comprises needle-punched polyester fibres in which a base layer has been formed by introducing on one side of the needle-punched wadding a layer 11 of an adhesive, which is then cured.
  • the free fibres 12 upstanding from the base layer 1 are sprinkled with rubber particles 13 of a maximum particle dimension of about 0.25 to 0.75 millimetres, and the particles are introduced into the pile by brushing or rubbing.
  • the rubber is suitably a synthetic rubber, and is applied at a density of about 0.5 to 2.5 kgm- 2 ,
  • the resultant playing surface of carpet loses no resilience in the introduction of the rubber particles, and maintains its resilience throughout prolonged wear, whereas an unfilled carpet of similar construction becomes compressed and less resilient with the same amount of wear.
  • Figure 3 represents a portion of a sports playing surface, for example a soccer pitch.
  • a suitably-drained base 30, for example a layer of sand is prepared, and a wadding 31 approximately 18 mm thick of a type hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1, is laid thereon.
  • Sand 32 having rounded grains of maximum dimension up to 2 mm is introduced into the wadding until the wadding is filled to the height of the fibres therein.
  • a conventional artificial turf 33 is then laid on top.
  • the surface is relatively quick and inexpensive to construct, and provides a playing surface favourably comparable with a good quality, good condition, natural turf pitch in its playing characteristics.
  • FIG 4 shows the use of the wadding of the type hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 in a mixed natural and synthetic playing surface.
  • a bed 40 of sand or soil or other growth medium is laid on a suitably-drained surface.
  • the wadding 41 is laid on to the bed 40 and is filled with sand, soil or other particulate growth medium, and seeded.
  • the resulting grass plants 42 have their roots 43 within the bed 40, and are protected from damage by the wadding and its particulate filling.
  • the grass is cut, watered and fed in conventional manner, and the surface can be spiked as necessary to maintain the drainage and structure of the turf.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a variation on the structure illustrated in Figure 4.
  • An area of soil is first excavated to give a shallow pit 50, in the base of which drainage slits 51 are cut and filled with gravel or the like. If necessary, porous drainage pipes may be laid in the bases of the slits.
  • the pit 50 is lined with a layer 52 of a water-permeable membrane, for example a non-woven synthetic fibre material, and then filled with sand 40.
  • the wadding 41 is laid and grass seeded in it in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 4.
  • the resulting surface is suitable for use as a soccer pitch, providing a hard-wearing low- maintenance grass turf.
  • a comparison of the ball-bounce characteristics of surfaces prepared in accordance with the invention may be made by a simple test, in which a cricket ball and a soccer ball are dropped from a predetermined height on to a surface, and the height of the first bounce is measured. Bounce heights are expressed as a percentage of the drop height.
  • an envelope containing a layer of sand 37 mm thick was prepared in the manner described in our published European Patent Application No. 93008, on a concrete base.
  • a 15 mm thick wadding of the type described herein, having a weight of 1.1 kgm- 2 , and filled with sand, was used and thirdly, a 15 mm wadding filled with rubber particles was used.
  • surfaces can be produced having widely differing characteristics and these surfaces may be selected and combined according to the desired use.
  • the weight per square metre of the open fibrous structure may be extremely light, for example as low as 250 grms for a 12 mm thick layer.
  • the structure is therefore not on its own suitable for artificial turf or as an underlay/shock pad and it is only when filled with the particulate material that the desired characteristics are obtained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
EP19850305906 1984-08-25 1985-08-20 Pedestrian, vehicular, or sports playing surfaces and underlays/shock pads Expired EP0174755B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85305906T ATE47440T1 (de) 1984-08-25 1985-08-20 Fussgaenger-, fahrzeug- oder sportfeldbelaege und unterlegmatten/stosskissen.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB848421659A GB8421659D0 (en) 1984-08-25 1984-08-25 Forming pedestrian/vehicular surface
GB8421655 1984-08-25
GB848421655A GB8421655D0 (en) 1984-08-25 1984-08-25 Carpet
GB8421659 1984-08-25
GB858504667A GB8504667D0 (en) 1985-02-22 1985-02-22 Pedestrian vehicular/sports playing surfaces
GB8504667 1985-02-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0174755A1 EP0174755A1 (en) 1986-03-19
EP0174755B1 true EP0174755B1 (en) 1989-10-18

Family

ID=27262450

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850305906 Expired EP0174755B1 (en) 1984-08-25 1985-08-20 Pedestrian, vehicular, or sports playing surfaces and underlays/shock pads

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0174755B1 (es)
CA (1) CA1253896A (es)
DE (1) DE3573815D1 (es)
ES (1) ES8702970A1 (es)
NZ (1) NZ213237A (es)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1987007315A1 (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-03 Nottinghamshire County Council Pedestrian, vehicular, or sports playing surface structures
GB2204801A (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-11-23 Anglian Sportsturf Limited Artificial playing surfaces
GB2184765B (en) * 1985-12-14 1989-10-11 Mansfield Standard Sand Co Lim Equestrian events
EP0403008A1 (en) * 1989-06-12 1990-12-19 Heidemij Realisatie B.V. Sports field with natural grass and artificial grass and a method for laying same
WO1992005316A1 (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-04-02 Heckmondwike Fb Limited Ground stabilisation material
WO1992005317A1 (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-04-02 Heckmondwike Fb Limited Ground stabilisation and support material
WO1992007142A2 (en) * 1990-10-16 1992-04-30 Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. A field containing artificial grass and a device for inserting artificial grass fibres
WO1993008332A1 (en) * 1991-10-14 1993-04-29 Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. A device for inserting elongated artificial grass fibres into the ground
WO1994000639A1 (en) * 1992-06-22 1994-01-06 Bergevin Jerry G Improved surface for sports and other uses
AU678433B2 (en) * 1993-02-13 1997-05-29 Fibresand Limited Improved surfaces for sporting and other activities
GB2311730A (en) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-08 Peter Dury Synthetic turf cricket pitch
US5678951A (en) * 1993-02-12 1997-10-21 Sommer Levasseur Element for synthetic tennis ground and method for its production
US6029397A (en) * 1997-06-06 2000-02-29 Technology Licensing Corp. Stabilized natural turf for athletic field
US6035577A (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-03-14 Technology Licensing Corp Temporarily stabilized natural turf
US6295756B1 (en) 1992-06-22 2001-10-02 Turf Stabilization Technologies Inc. Surface for sports and other uses
US6372310B2 (en) 1996-11-29 2002-04-16 Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. Combined and stabilized turf for an athletic field
WO2002075053A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-26 Gary Wayne Waterford Synthetic sports surface
US6491991B2 (en) 2000-02-14 2002-12-10 Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. Artificial turf system
US6753049B2 (en) 1999-12-02 2004-06-22 De Vries Hugo Artificial turf including damping material

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5850708C1 (en) * 1992-06-22 2001-09-25 Turf Stabilization Technologie Surface for sports and other uses
US5489317A (en) * 1992-06-22 1996-02-06 Turf Systems International, Inc. Surface for sports and other uses
GB9224813D0 (en) * 1992-11-26 1993-01-13 Dean Stephen A playing surface construction
WO2000074802A1 (en) * 1999-06-04 2000-12-14 John Granville Burns Playing surface substrate, in particular turf mats
LU90619B1 (fr) * 2000-08-01 2002-02-04 Cefip S A Terrain stabilis- et m-thode de fabrication d'un tel terrain stabilis-
NL1016193C2 (nl) 2000-09-15 2002-03-18 Desseaux H Tapijtfab Werkwijze voor het aanleggen van een kunstgrasveld en een dergelijk kunstgrasveld.
US6858272B2 (en) 2001-03-14 2005-02-22 Troy Squires Horizontally draining, pre-engineered synthetic turf field
AUPR388001A0 (en) 2001-03-21 2001-04-12 Waterford, Gary Wayne Tennis surface
US20030118755A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2003-06-26 Motz Joseph E. Filled synthetic turf with ballast layer
ITMI20021749A1 (it) * 2002-08-02 2004-02-03 Franplast S R L Materiale da intasamento per manto erboso sintetico, procedimento di preparazione e relativo impiego.
GB0307672D0 (en) 2003-04-03 2003-05-07 Nottinghamshire Sports And Saf Playing surface structure and method of construction of a playing surface
GB0307671D0 (en) 2003-04-03 2003-05-07 Nottinghamshire Sports And Saf Improvements relating to the construction of playing surfaces
ITMI20050636A1 (it) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-14 Italgreen S P A Struttura di manto erboso artificiale e relativo metodo di realizzazione
ITMI20051403A1 (it) * 2005-07-21 2007-01-22 Italgreen S P A Struttura di manto erboso artificiale e relativo metodo di realizzazione
EP2154291B8 (en) 2008-08-15 2013-12-18 Notts Sport Group Limited Playing surface, method of manufacturing a playing surface and method of laying a playing surface
CN104264565B (zh) * 2014-10-21 2017-01-18 周晓新 一种人造草坪及其制作工艺
EP3480361A1 (en) * 2017-11-03 2019-05-08 Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-GmbH Artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding
CN108221555B (zh) * 2018-01-12 2019-11-19 浙江绣山园林建设有限公司 一种园林道路结构的铺装方法
CN112343155B (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-11-09 怀化市长兴园林绿化工程集团有限责任公司 一种城市风景园林路面施工结构

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1906494A (en) * 1930-10-09 1933-05-02 American Hair & Felt Company Playing surfaces
DE2522864A1 (de) * 1975-05-23 1976-12-30 Berleburger Schaumstoffwerk Anordnung zur bildung von befestigten gruenflaechen, insbesondere rasenflaechen
US4337283A (en) * 1980-09-11 1982-06-29 Haas Jr Frederick T Synthetic turf playing surface with resilient top-dressing
US4396653A (en) * 1982-09-24 1983-08-02 Tomarin Seymour A Simulated grass playing field surface with rubber particle layer and sand layer

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2184765B (en) * 1985-12-14 1989-10-11 Mansfield Standard Sand Co Lim Equestrian events
WO1987007315A1 (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-03 Nottinghamshire County Council Pedestrian, vehicular, or sports playing surface structures
GB2204801A (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-11-23 Anglian Sportsturf Limited Artificial playing surfaces
GB2204801B (en) * 1987-04-15 1991-04-24 Anglian Sportsturf Limited Artificial playing surface
EP0403008A1 (en) * 1989-06-12 1990-12-19 Heidemij Realisatie B.V. Sports field with natural grass and artificial grass and a method for laying same
WO1992005317A1 (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-04-02 Heckmondwike Fb Limited Ground stabilisation and support material
GB2263295A (en) * 1990-09-21 1993-07-21 Heckmondwike Fb Ltd Ground stabilisation and support material
GB2263296A (en) * 1990-09-21 1993-07-21 Heckmondwike Fb Ltd Ground stabilisation material
WO1992005316A1 (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-04-02 Heckmondwike Fb Limited Ground stabilisation material
GB2263295B (en) * 1990-09-21 1994-06-29 Heckmondwike Fb Ltd Ground stabilisation and support material
GB2263296B (en) * 1990-09-21 1994-07-27 Heckmondwike Fb Ltd Ground stabilisation material
US5540960A (en) * 1990-10-16 1996-07-30 Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. Field of natural and artificial grass fibers
WO1992007142A2 (en) * 1990-10-16 1992-04-30 Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. A field containing artificial grass and a device for inserting artificial grass fibres
WO1992007142A3 (en) * 1990-10-16 1992-06-11 Desseaux H Tapijtfab A field containing artificial grass and a device for inserting artificial grass fibres
WO1993008332A1 (en) * 1991-10-14 1993-04-29 Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. A device for inserting elongated artificial grass fibres into the ground
US5586408A (en) * 1992-06-22 1996-12-24 Turf Systems International, Inc. Surface for sports and other uses
EP0896092A2 (en) * 1992-06-22 1999-02-10 Turf Systems International, Inc. Improved surface for sports and other uses
AU675074B2 (en) * 1992-06-22 1997-01-23 Turf Stabilization Technologies, Inc. Improved surface for sports and other uses
US6295756B1 (en) 1992-06-22 2001-10-02 Turf Stabilization Technologies Inc. Surface for sports and other uses
EP0896091A2 (en) * 1992-06-22 1999-02-10 Turf Systems International, Inc. Improved surface for sports and other uses
WO1994000639A1 (en) * 1992-06-22 1994-01-06 Bergevin Jerry G Improved surface for sports and other uses
US5678951A (en) * 1993-02-12 1997-10-21 Sommer Levasseur Element for synthetic tennis ground and method for its production
AU678433B2 (en) * 1993-02-13 1997-05-29 Fibresand Limited Improved surfaces for sporting and other activities
GB2311730A (en) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-08 Peter Dury Synthetic turf cricket pitch
GB2311730B (en) * 1996-04-04 1999-07-07 Peter Dury Synthetic turf cricket pitch
US6372310B2 (en) 1996-11-29 2002-04-16 Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. Combined and stabilized turf for an athletic field
US6029397A (en) * 1997-06-06 2000-02-29 Technology Licensing Corp. Stabilized natural turf for athletic field
US6094860A (en) * 1997-06-06 2000-08-01 Technology Licensing Corp. Stabilized turf for athletic field
US6173528B1 (en) 1997-06-06 2001-01-16 Technology Licensing Corp Stabilized natural turf for athletic field
US6035577A (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-03-14 Technology Licensing Corp Temporarily stabilized natural turf
US6753049B2 (en) 1999-12-02 2004-06-22 De Vries Hugo Artificial turf including damping material
US6491991B2 (en) 2000-02-14 2002-12-10 Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. Artificial turf system
WO2002075053A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-26 Gary Wayne Waterford Synthetic sports surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1253896A (en) 1989-05-09
NZ213237A (en) 1988-10-28
ES546393A0 (es) 1987-01-16
DE3573815D1 (en) 1989-11-23
ES8702970A1 (es) 1987-01-16
EP0174755A1 (en) 1986-03-19

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