WO2000074802A1

WO2000074802A1 - Playing surface substrate, in particular turf mats

Info

Publication number: WO2000074802A1
Application number: PCT/GB2000/002134
Authority: WO
Inventors: John Granville Burns
Original assignee: John Granville Burns
Priority date: 1999-06-04
Filing date: 2000-06-02
Publication date: 2000-12-14
Also published as: ATE286768T1; EP1183080A1; US20020045489A1; JP2003501174A; DE60017387D1; EP1183080B1; AU5232500A

Abstract

A rectangular mat on which the surface is used for the germination and growth of grass seed to produce turf mat to replace worn or damaged grass sports/recreational surfaces and/or a mat to be used as a surface from which to hit golf balls.

Description

PLAYING SURFACE SUBSTRATE, IN PARTICULAR TURF MATS

The present invention relates to a substrate material for use

as a playing surface. In particular, the substrate material

is for use as a playing surface substrate for practising

and/or playing golf.

To facilitate learning or practising the game of golf it is common to use the facilities provided at a golf driving range. Golf driving ranges generally provide practice areas provided with practice mats. Typically, the practice mats are rectangular in shape and are formed arranged to provide a player standing area and at least one or more pre-set locations for placement of golf tees.

The practice mats are generally placed on the floor of the driving range, which is typically made from concrete or some other similar substance which is hard and non-resilient. In

addition to the foregoing there are also commercially

available relatively expensive practice mats. These mats are

generally provided on raised support platforms which are

formed from a rigid plastic material or wood.

It has been found that repeated playing off on practice areas

of the abovementioned types can lead to various repetitive stress injuries similar to tennis elbow. These injuries are

generally caused by the inadvertent striking of the more or

less hard non-resilient playing surface of the practice

mat/block with the golf-club. The resulting jarring effect is

transmitted to the joints (particularly the elbow and shoulder

joints) of the player. Repeated jarring of this type has been

found to result in injury to the connective tissue in and/or

around the affected joints.

Practice mats/platforms of this type allow the player to

practice and/or learn only a limited range of strokes. Only

those strokes which require the golf ball to be resting on a

tee or those strokes which do not require the club to strike

the underside of the golf ball (for example, when putting back

spin onto a golf ball) can be practised. Playing strokes of

the type which require the club to strike the underside of the

golf ball greatly increases the possibility of the club

striking the practice mat, and so increase the likelihood of

injury to the player.

It is also a particular feature of these practice mats that

there is only a limited number of pre-selected locations for

placement of tees. This limitation of the restricted number

and locations for placement of tees does not suit all of the many individual playing styles or the different statures of

individuals wishing to use the practice mats/platforms.

It is an object of the present invention to avoid or minimise

one or more of the foregoing disadvantages .

The present invention is directed towards the provision of a

mat suitable for use as a playing surface which is flexible,

resilient and can deform more or less like natural turf or

grass under the impact of a golf club. The mat is also robust

enough to be walked upon without sustaining damage to the mat .

In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided

a mat suitable for use as a playing surface and comprises a

honeycomb form support matrix packed with a filler material.

The support matrix may be in the form of a more or less

integrally-formed structure or conveniently is in the form of

a close packed assembly of substantially upright tubes packed

with filler material.

The tubes are generally formed from a reasonably flexible and

deformable material to facilitate close packing thereof and

enable the mat to yield under the impact of for example, a

golf club. Suitable materials that may be mentioned include

one or more of: plastics film or sheeting which is preferably biodegradable, paper, cardboard, and textile sheet materials

of natural or synthetic fibres which may be woven or non-

woven. Furthermore, the material used to fabricated the tubes

may be porous or non-porous. It would be particularly

desirable to choose a material which is porous to facilitate

the movement of moisture (or excess water) into and out of the

tubes thereby avoiding for example water-logging of the mat in

wet conditions or in the case of over-watering.

The tubes are preferably generally cylindrical in shape,

however they may be square, rectangle, elliptical or polygonal

in section. Typically, the tubes are packed in a hexagonal close packed configuration. Alternatively the tubes are

arranged in a less closely packed arrangement such as a square

close packed configuration. It will also be appreciated that

with tubes of a generally flexible material, the tubes may be

deformed to a greater or lesser extent resulting in even

closer packing together.

Typically, the tubes have a diameter of from 0.5 cm to 10 cm,

preferably from 1 cm to 5 cm and most preferably from 1 cm to

3 cm. The tubes typically have a height of from 3 cm to 25

cm, preferably from 5 cm to 15 cm and most preferably from 5

cm to 10 cm. It will of course be realised that these

dimensions can be altered and varied according to particular requirements. Furthermore, it is also envisaged that tubes of

different diameters may be present within the mat . In this

case the arrangement of the tubes may be regular as above or

it may be more random to accommodate the different sizes of

tubes more efficiently. The tubes may also be closed at the

bottom end portion to provide a tube which is open only at the

top portion.

Adjacent tubes in the mat may be bonded or otherwise attached

together at one or more shared edges or sides of said adjacent

tubes. Preferably the tubes are glued together along the

mutually co-operating edges or sides. The bonding of the

tubes together has the beneficial effect of providing

additional strength and robustness to the mat. Furthermore, bonding the tubes together allows easier handling and

placement in use of the mat .

The filler material is generally packed into the tubes

sufficiently tightly so that the filler material resists

falling out of the tubes when the mat is being manoeuvred or

otherwise handled. On the other hand, it is normally

desirable to avoid excessively tight packing that could result

in compaction of the filler and loss of resilience in the

playing surface. Suitable packing conditions may be readily

determined by simple trial and error. Once packed with filler material, the tubes may optionally be

sealed to provide a tube which is closed at the top and/or

bottom portions. It is particularly desirable to seal the

tubes where a material is used which is more prone to falling

out of the tubes when the mat is being manoeuvred or otherwise

handled. Filler materials with little or no interlocking

capacity such as sand, grit, polymer beads or chips and the

like are examples of such filler materials.

The integrally-formed or close packed assembly structure of

the mat allows easy handling by being in the form of a

continuous layer of support matrix.

The mat of the present invention generally provides a playing

surface more representative of natural turf and grass surfaces

found on golf courses than the currently available golf

practice mats/platforms. The mat has more naturally

deformable properties due to the use of the filler material,

in addition to reasonable structural stability, in use, (to

lateral and vertically applied forces) when a golf club

strikes the mat, when a player stands on the mat, and/or for

the placement of golf tees.

to Furthermore, in use, when a player strikes the mat with a golf

club, the mat deforms under the impact of the club in a manner

very similar to natural turf or grass surfaces, with a reduced

possibility of injury to the player over that of the prior art

practice mats/platforms. The abovementioned advantageous

properties of the mat allow a player to play a wider range of

strokes than is possible with currently available practice

mats/platforms .

The filler material can be chosen to mimic the properties of a

particular golf course or any other desired playing surface.

To achieve this, the filler material conveniently comprises at

least one of, the following materials: soil such as various

types of loam, sphagnum moss, peat, wood chips/shavings,

sawdust, clay, sand, polymer chips/beads/fragments, and papier

mache. Where a filler material is for example very fibrous it

will have a large number of interconnected and/or interwoven

fibres which provide a stabilising network within which it is

possible to incorporate further non-fibrous or fibrous filler

materials. The choice of filler material providing the

stabilising network of fibres, may be varied to adjust or

modify the density of interconnected and/or interwoven fibres

to provide a range of different stabilising effects. For

example, where a further filler material such as sand (which

has little or no interlocking properties) is used, it may be necessary to use a filler material with a relatively high

content and density of interconnected and/or interwoven fibres

to prevent the sand from settling at the bottom of the support

matrix, in order to maintain a uniform distribution of sand

and fibrous filler material throughout the support matrix.

Where substantially non-absorbent and/or non-water swellable

filler material is used e.g. sand, certain polymer chips/beads (it will be appreciated that some types of polymer chips/beads

will be water absorbent and/or water swellable) , it would generally be desirable also to include one or more other filler materials which are water absorbent and/or expandable (e.g. woodchips, sawdust, sphagnum moss), depending upon the desired playing properties required of the mat.

It will be appreciated that materials such as loam are available with a wide variety of properties and textures and

for example may be peaty, fibrous or non-fibrous or clay-like.

The abovementioned filler materials are not intended to be

exhaustive, but merely illustrative of the types of filler

material which may be used in accordance with the present

invention.

The filler material (within the mat) may be used in either a

wet or dry condition. It would generally be more convenient to have the filler material in the dry state for

transportation of the mats in order to minimise carriage costs

and facilitate handling of the mats. Once installed, the

filler material can have water added thereto if so desired.

Where it is desirable for the filler material in the mat to be

in a wet/damp condition prior to installation it is desirable

to use a support matrix which is resistant to the effects

(such as rotting and tearing) of long term exposure to damp or

humid conditions. The filler material and/or the material

from which the material are fabricated, can also be admixed or

treated with one or more additives to prevent mould or fungus

(or other similar conditions) growing thereon through exposure to water or damp conditions.

It will be appreciated that the packing material will

generally have a certain moisture content sufficient to

prevent excessive or unwanted settlement thereof when in an

non-use condition. This moisture content will of course vary

from material to material, and can readily be determined by

simple experimentation.

The filler material within the tubes is preferably dry when

the mat is being stored in a non-use condition. In this way

the mat is relatively light and easy to manoeuvre. Before

use, water can be added to the filler material. The water generally causes the material to swell and/or become heavier

and therefore becomes more tightly bound within the tubes and

any supporting frame or container. The amount of water added

to the mat in addition to the composition of the particular

playing surface filler material can be varied to suit

whichever playing surface condition (s) is desired to be

mimicked, thereby increasing the variety and number of

conditions available to play or practice on.

Preferably or alternatively, there may be used a binder material (in combination of the abovementioned filler materials) which contains one or more additives which are capable of forming a semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) or interpenetrating network (IPN) within the tube. The binder material can be used to bind together one or more filler materials that have little or no interlocking ability as described previously herein.

The use of a binder material allows the use of materials which

would not normally be considered for use as such due to the

lack of sufficient interlockability and/or being too dense

and/or not being dense enough.

Binder materials are generally those which are not solvents

for the filler material, and may be formed from one or a mixture of polymerisable monomers and/or polymers. Suitable

monomers and/or polymers are preferably those capable of

forming polyolefins and may be thermoplastic or thermosetting.

When polyfuctional monomers and/or polymers are used, then a

continuous cross-linked polymer system can be formed from the

monomer and/or polymer. A semi-IPN is obtained when one of

the co-continuous systems (i.e. the pre-existing polymer) is

cross-linked. When both systems (i.e. the pre-existing

polymer and the polymerised monomer) are cross-linked, an IPN

is formed. The formation of a semi-IPN/IPN within the tube

also provides additional structural stability to the mat as a

whole, in addition to helping to retain other filler materials

in the tube .

The additive which forms the semi-IPN/IPN may be one, or a

mixture or more than one, type of monomer which is

polymerisable to form said semi-IPN/IPN. The polymerisation

of the monomer (s) is preferably effected within the tubes

prior to use of the mat. The polymerisation is preferably

ionic, most preferably cationic.

Desirably urea and formaldehyde are co-monomers, which are

polymerised to form a co-polymer. The urea and formaldehyde

are co-polymerised by the addition of an acidic catalyst

solution to the monomers.

// Alternatively or desirably, papier mache may be mixed with

binder or filler material and the papier mache, when set,

provides further structural stability to the mat in addition

to altering the mat playing characteristics.

The amount of papier mache and/or the amount of binder can be

varied to achieve the desired balance of structural support

and playing characteristics. This can be done as a matter of

simple experimentation to achieve the desired results. For

example, in packing material comprising papier mache and peaty

loam, to increase the structural support provided by the packing material it is desirable to increase the proportion of

papier mache relative to the peaty loam. To increase the

resilience of the packing material it is desirable to increase

the proportion of peaty loam relative to the papier mache.

Preferably, the filler material and the mat are derived from a

material (s) which is (are) biodegradable or have previously

been biodegraded and/or may be recycled for re-use as a

filling material or other component of the present invention.

Conveniently, the mat is provided with an outer casing

generally in the form of an open-top container with a base and

sides inside which is more or less tightly packed said

IZ assembly of tubes packed with filler material. The container

may be fabricated from plastic, metal, wood, cardboard or any

combination of the foregoing. The base and/or sides may be

provided with one or more holes to aid drainage therefrom.

The outer casing helps to maintain the structural integrity of

the close packed tube assembly in use and during handling and

facilities transport and/or storage of the mats. Preferably,

the sides of the container are no deeper than the height of

the tubes of the surface playing material. Conveniently, the

length of the sides of the container is somewhat less than the

height of the tubes, e.g. 10 to 50% less.

The upper surface of the mat of the present invention can be

played off with or without placement of a golf tee. With a

mat of the present invention, a golf tee can be placed

anywhere on the upper surface by pushing the tee into the

filler material within the honeycomb form support matrix.

Where the support matrix is in the form of upright tubes or

the like, then the tee may also be inserted between adjacent

tubes or into the filler material within the tubes as

described.

Where the honeycomb form support matrix is a more or less

integrally-formed structure this is conveniently formed from a first series of substantially parallel horizontally extending

panels which intersect and optionally interlock at a

predetermined angle with a second series of substantially

parallel horizontally extending panels to form a plurality of

interstices between the intersecting first and second series

of panels. The angle at which the first and second series of

panels intersect can be from 15° to 90° relative to each series

of panels. The interstices are packed with filler material and/or binder material and for any one or more of the

previously mentioned materials or substances according to the present invention. It will be appreciated that the filler material used in this form of the present invention may be as described as above with reference to the tube assembly form of the support matrix.

In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a practice support platform comprising a raised platform with a flat upper surface provided with a player standing area and at

least one playing surface area, said at least one playing

surface area is provided with one or more recesses formed and

arranged for receiving a mat according to the present

invention. Preferably, the mat is provided within an outer

casing according to the present invention. This has the

advantage that the outer casing with the mat therein can be

placed into and can be taken out of the recess in the practice platform with the minimum of effort. This provides quick,

clean and efficient method of changing the mat whenever

required.

The player standing area is typically a rectangular area

adjacent the at least one playing surface area. Where two

playing surface areas provided, it preferable that the player

standing area is located there between such that the upper

surface of the platform is divided into three areas.

When the playing surface of the mat becomes too abraded through use, the mat can simply be replaced or alternatively turned upside down and play continued on the other side of the mat where both sides of the support matrix are open. Where only very localised damage has been sustained it may be preferable to remove and replace only those tubes which have been damaged in the case of a tube assembly form support

matrix. This can be done by simply cutting out the damaged

tubes (if the tubes are bonded to adjacent tubes) and

inserting replacement tubes. Water may be added to the

replacement tubes after they have been correctly positioned.

Where water-swellable filler material is used this helps to

ensure that the tubes expand and pack tight against the

surrounding tubes and/or the outer casing where present. In a yet further aspect of the present invention, where the

mat becomes abraded or worn through use or otherwise, a top

layer of the mat may be shaved off to present a fresh playing

surface. Where an outer casing is used, this may

conveniently be provided with a vertically movable base

portion which can be used to raise the mat to bring the new

playing surface thereof up to or above the sides of the

casing. The casing may be provided with a base displacement

means such as a jack.

When it is desired to shave off the top layer of the mat the

movable base is moved upwardly by the displacement means such

that the top layer of the mat is raised and a suitable cutting

means may be used to remove the top layer thus leaving a fresh clean, flat and undamaged playing surface.

To fabricate the mats of the present invention with a tube-

assembly form support matrix it is envisaged that there may be

used machinery formed and arranged for filling essentially

continuous tubes with filler material, which continuous filled

tubes are then cut into tubes of the desired length (s) . The

cut filled tubes can then be assembled together into a mat

with a bonding step where the cut filled tubes are glued or

otherwise attached to adjacent tubes and/or with packing of

the cut filled tubes into an outer casing or other container. lb The mat of the present invention can also in a further

embodiment contain one or more colouring agents such as a

dyestuff and/or a pigment. Preferably, the mat is coloured

green by use of the appropriate colouring agents.

Further embodiments of the present invention can be envisaged

were the mat of the present invention can be used for other

sports such as soccer, American football, rugby, tennis,

athletics, hockey and the like where the playing

characteristics required of the mat differ according to the

particular sport. For example in sports such as rugby and

American football the mat requires to be robust enough to

withstand the relative high pressures and shear forces applied

to the pitches at the points of scrimmage. Whereas for soccer

pitches and athletics tracks, for example, the mat requires to

be relatively more resilient in order that it does not, in

use, become too difficult to run and play on.

It is also envisaged that the mat of the present invention can

be used to replace areas of heavy wear such as those which

frequently occur around the goal-mouths of soccer pitches and

the base-line service points on grass tennis courts.

It will be appreciated that it will generally be possible and

in many instances particularly desirable, to mix grass seed with the packing material located at or near the upper surface

of the mat of the present invention. The mat may then be

stored in a suitably dry condition to prevent germination and

growth of the grass seed until such times as it is desired to

grow the grass .

Additionally or alternatively, the grass seed may be grown by

the adding water to the mat and allowing the grass to grow

thereon. The growth of grass provides a more natural surface

appearance to the mat, and additionally, the grass roots

provide additional structural integrity to the mat as a result

of inter-locking of the root systems between grasses growing

in neighbouring tubes .

Where grass seed is provided in the present invention, it

would be desirable to include a suitable fertiliser to aid the

growth and/or condition of the subsequently grown grass. For

example, the fertiliser may be added as a solid or liquid to

the packing material .

Further preferred features and advantages of the present

invention will appear from the following detailed description

given by way of example of some embodiments illustrated with

reference to the accompanying drawings in which: -

IS Fig. 1 shows a container containing a mat according to one

aspect of that present invention;

Fig. 2 shows a support platform according to another aspect of

the present invention;

Fig. 3 shows a paper tube packed with filler material for use

in forming a mat according to the present invention; and

Fig. 4 shows a close up plan view of the mat according to one

aspect of the present invention and the possible locations for

placement of a golf tee thereon.

A mat, as generally indicated by the reference numeral 1,

according to the present invention is shown in Fig. 1. The

mat 1 is constructed from a large number of close packed

upright paper tubes 2, which are glued together along mutually

co-operating edges. The tubes are approximately 10 cm in

height with a diameter of approximately 2.5 cm. The tubes 2

are packed with a filler material 4 (see Fig. 3) .

The mat 1 is contained in a rectangular container 6 with sides

8 which are approximately 1 cm less in height than that of the

tubes 2. The container 6 is approximately 25 cm in length and

15 cm in width and the mat 1 is of substantially the same

dimensions such that it fits tightly within the container 6.

A raised (approximately 20 cm from the floor to an upper

/9 surface) rectangular support platform 10 (see Fig. 2) is

provided with a player support area 12 located between two

recesses 14. The player support area 12 is rectangular (75 cm

x 60 cm) and is provided with a plastic non-slip surface

coating.

The recesses 14 on opposing sides of the player support area

are rectangular (25 cm x 75 cm) and are formed and arranged to

receive a plurality of containers 12. The recesses 14 have a

number of locating holes 16 which are formed and for receiving

corresponding projections 18 extending from each of the

corners of the base of the containers 14 where the containers

14 are placed in the recesses 14 as shown in Fig. 2.

A single tube 2 according to the present invention is shown in

Fig. 3. The tube 2 is filled with packing material 4 which is

sphagnum moss 20 intimately mixed with wood chips 22.

A plan view of the mat 1 of the present invention indicating

the hexagonal close packaging arrangement is shown in Fig. 4.

In the pulses hexagonal close packing arrangement each tube

(or central tube) is typically surrounded by six other tubes

forming a hexagon shape around the central tube. This is the

case for every tube except those tubes 2 at the edge or corner

of the container 12. O Possible locations for placement of a golf tee (not shown) are

indicated by the letters X Y and Z in Fig. 4, wherein : X is

located on the top of a tube 2; Y is an interstice as defined

by three neighbouring tubes in the hexagonal close packed

formation; and Z is defined as the region between two

neighbouring tubes. It will of course be appreciated that X, Y

and Z are not intended to be limiting on the possible

locations for placement of a golf tee and that the flexible

nature of the mat 1 allows a golf tee to be placed

substantially anywhere thereon.

Example

In one embodiment of the present invention, the tubes are formed from sheets of newspaper cut to the required size and

rolled then taped (with adhesive tape) into the form of a

cylinder with a diameter of about 12 to 16 mm and a height of

about 12 cm. The tubes were packed (by hand) with

commercially available peat moss (the composition of which is

given below) . A number of the thus formed tubes were close

packed upright into an open top container with sides of length

and breadth of 20 cm by 15 cm and a depth of 12 cm.

The composition of the packing material was determined as

follows: The packing material (100 g) was heated in a domestic

oven at 40 °C for 12 hours after which time the weight of dry

2J material recovered was 47 g; which is equivalent to the

packing material comprising 53 wt% water and 47 wt% dry

material .

The recovered dry material (47 g) was then roasted in air on

an open metal plate heated by a Bunsen burner for

approximately 45 minutes to remove the organic matter thereof.

The material recovered after roasting weighed 18 g, and was

designated as being mainly inorganic material. The dry

material was therefore determined to comprise: 62 wt% organic

material and 38 wt% inorganic material.

The density of the uncompressed packing material as originally

obtained commercially was determined by placing 100 g of the

packing material into a volumetric measuring cylinder which

was firmly tapped around its outer surfaces to ensure the

packing material was properly settled in the measuring

cylinder. The volume occupied by the packing material was

read off from the measuring cylinder. The density was simply

calculated thereafter as grams of material per cm³ occupied by

the material .

The density of packing material before drying was 0.52 gem^"3

(100 cm³ packing material has a volume of 192 cm³) ; the density

of the dried (at 40 °C) packing material was 0.625 gem^"3 (100 g

2XZ- dried material had a volume of 160 cm³) ; the density of the

inorganic (roasted) material is 2.50 gem^"3 (100 g of the

roasted material had a volume of 40 cm³) .

The large volume of dried material is due mainly to the

presence of relatively large particles of soil with

correspondingly large air spaces therebetween. The dry

material (and the moist packing material) had relatively large

air spaces between the material particles, which in turn is

representative of a well aerated soil, which is particularly

suited to use as a golf teeing off surface due to the inherent

resilience provided by the material.

The particle size of the dry material was determined by

passing a known weight of the dry material through a series of

sieves with known mesh sizes. The particle size distribution

(as wt%) of the dry material was:

9-2 mm = 47 wt%; 2-1 mm = 21 wt%; > 5 mm = 6.0 wt%; < 5 mm =

26 wt%.

Various modifications may be made to the above described

embodiments without departing from the scope of the present

invention.

Z2> For the production of the mats the system of tubes could be modified into 3 ol?pd

f-yswc* ΠV^* box o^f cardboard , wood_; plastic, metal or any combination of these materials and or any other suitable material. The outer tubes of the matrix are attached to the wall of the box by stapling ,gluing , stitching or any other appropriate physical or mechanical means. The tubes may or not be attached to the base of the container as required. This method of stretching and attaching the matrix of tubes to the wall of the container holds the openings of the tubes patent to facilitate the filling of the tubes .

The tubes forming the matrix can vary in diameter and length and the thickness of the material from which they are formed as can the type of material , paper , plastic , woven fabrics or any other suitable material. This allows for the construction of different mats varying in size , strength and configuration specific for the purpose of its function.

The tubes used may have holes or perforations in their walls at a diameter and frequency of spacing to facilitate even, lateral distribution of the filler material and in those mats sown with grass seed to allow for lateral growth of roots between the tubes to streng then and bind the mat and ensure the grass turf produced on germination and growth is securely bound to the mat structure.

2 The frame ,box or container may be lined on the outer surface, inner surface or both surfaces as required, The lining material could be plastic, sheets of plastic , woven material of natural and or man made fibres. The lining could be porous or non-porous to water.

The walls ,the base or both may be perforated with holes the size and frequency of distribution may vary to allow drainage of water in different conditions.

The sides and base of the box/ container could be strengthened with strips or ribs of corrugated cardboard , plastic ,wood , etal or any other suitable material to facilitate its structural integrity in use , handling, and storage.These strengthening ribs could be attached to the structure of the box or in pockets in any lining, if so used.

It is envisaged that one method of producing the mat is to place the empty box with matrix attached on a conveyer which will pass under a storage hopper which will dispense known volume of dry filler material on to the boxes upper surface. This volume of filler will over fill the tubes and lie on the upper surface of the tubes and mat to a known thickness required for the desired compactness and depth of the tubing. The tray or box will be vibrated to ensure the uniform filling of the tubes. The remaining known layer not entering the tubes by vibration will be compacted into the tubes by mechanical tamping or rolling this layer.

ZS By experiment the pressure exerted by tamping or rolling will vary according to the density or compactness required the tubing. The excess filler material will be brushed off the mat, for re-use. The filler material will conform to the specification required for the purpose and use of the mat. The mats will be wrapped , packed and stored.

The size of mat both in depth and surface area can vary. Surface area from 0.1 sqare metres or less to 2 square metres or more. Depth of mat from 2 centimetres or less 0 centimetres or more, as required for the purpose.

It is envisaged that in mats constructed on which grass seed is sown, for the growth of turf, the walls comprising the sides of the container could be 2 centimetres higher than the tubes comprising the matrix to form a lip and container for the seedbed in which the grass will grow. It is envisaged that the dry filler material dispensed via the storage hopper could be replaced with a semi-dry soil/papier mache mixture. The method of construction would be the same as previously described. However, the mats once constructed would pass by conveyor belt through a continuous oven to remove moisture prior to wrapping and packing. The use of papier mache in the construction of the mat gives the advantage of greater cohesion and binding of the soil particles therefore providing added strength and durability of the mat.

2J T+^* i^c _e,„-j _ag_eci fha÷ thⁿ papie^ mache to be used is provided by mechanical ^"" mixing ii the ratio 20gram of newsp^rint with 1 litre of water The temperature of the water can vary from 0 degrees centigrade to 100 degrees centigrade. The paper can be used as l^rge sheets of newsprint c" shredded newsprint. The newsprint can be new or recycled. The rat^"O of the dry weight of newsprint to water can vary. Decreasing the weight of newsp^rint o¹* increasing the volume of water and thorough mixing gives papier mache o^ finer fibre separation but has less cohesive and adhesive properties The converse is true.

Typically the material used in the composition of mats is in the ration of volume of 5 litre of papier mache to 5 litre of soil component. The papier mache and soil is thoroughly mixed and the excess water strained out by compression through a fine metal sieve. The soil content mixed with the papier mache can vary from inorganic sand and clay to organic composts and peat The percentage proportions of each can vary from 100% to nil, according to the properties required of the mat for the type of club and golf shot to be practiced.

In some cases various plastics can be mixed with the papier mache such as polystyrene in the form of spheres of various sizes and shapes to form a material which exhibits similar properties to papier mache/soil mat.

2X7 The papie^ mac^he can b° replaced by a system ^f natural fibres, wool hair, plan"^1" fib^e c^ man made ^fibres of plastic or any othe^ suitab¹e fibre, and natural glues or adhesives and manufactured glues and adhesives to form a mixture to replace the papier mache mixture.

The papier mache mixture can be used by mixing with the above described mixtures in varying proportions.

Λ mat can be produced without using a matrix of tubes using a papier mache and soil mixture These mats do not exhibit the strength or durability of the mats containing the matrix of tubing but have the advantage being for the use by an individual golfer and being of a disposable nature.

It is envisaged that one method of production would be to mix the papier mache and soil as described, remove the excess water by mechanical straining and compression, remix the resultant mixture and place in cardboard or papie^ mache boxes of the dimensions of 30cm square and 4cm square depth. The mixture is tamped and rolled and then passed through continuous dry ovens to remove moisture then wrapped, packed and stored It is also envisaged that the mats could be produced by mixing the soil and papier mache, straining removing excess water, remixing then extruding this dryer mixture through a dye to give a continuous sheet of 30cm width by 4cm depth. The dimension can be altered to give

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The extruded continuous mat is rolled to give uniform thickness and passed through a continuous dry oven The matting can be cut into the required length either prior to or after drying. A plastic or cardboard edging can be wrapped around the side for added protection and strength in handling, package and storage. The dry mats are wrapped, packed and stored.

It is envisaged that a method of production for the papier mache soil mats would be by vacuum forming over a form or template. This can be done to form discrete mats of various sizes but typicallly of width 30cm length 30cm depth 4cm. The mats would be rolled to give uniform thickness and passed through by conveyor in a continuous drying oven. Vacuum forming could also produce a continuous roll of matting which could be cut into discrete mats prior to or after drying the mixture content. The moisture content, after drying, of the mats can vary from virtually nil, for storage, to a moisture content allowing immediate use. Dry mats would be re-hydrated with a known quantity of water prior to their use.

A mat of low adhesive properties of their component parts can be produced by mixing organic compost or peat with a high plant fibre content with known quantity of water, mixing thoroughly and forming into mat as

2X1 ribed in production method for the papier mache mats described on

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Λ mat consisting of only papier mache can be formed. The compactness of this can be varied by the pressure exerted by rolling or the vacuum force used in its production. High pressure producing a compact mat with few air spaces between the fibres. Low pressure less compact softer mat with many more airspaces between the papier mache fibres. The mats would be formed by production method for papier mache mats as described on pages 28 and 29 ,or by any other suitable means.

It is envisaged that the papier mache soil mixture can be utilised to form a mat without using a matrix of tubes. It does not have the integral strength and durability of a mat formed with the matrix of tubes but could be utilised to form a mat with a limited lifespan and of a more disposable nature. This allows the production of mats with different soil consistancies which allow the practice with wide range of of golf clubs and golf shots especially the more lofted clubs which can take large divots and may cause substantial damage to the mat with less experienced golfers. However ,this would not cause a problem as the mat could be purchased and used by a individual golfer.

2&

Claims

CLAIM 1

A regtangular mat for the practice of golfshots on which the the golf ball can be played from the surface of the mat or from a golf tee placed into the mat / and or a mat on which the surface is used to germinate and grow grass seed to produce flexible turf mats to replace worn or damaged existing turf on sports or recreational areas. The mats are constructed from a soil component which bound together and stablised by placing into vertical ajoining system of tubes which are glued together and by / or the addition of binders into the soil component such as plastic polymers ,papier mache natural plant fibres. The whole system is contained within a frame or box.

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