EP0174755A1 - Pedestrian, vehicular, or sports playing surfaces and underlays/shock pads - Google Patents
Pedestrian, vehicular, or sports playing surfaces and underlays/shock pads Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0174755A1 EP0174755A1 EP85305906A EP85305906A EP0174755A1 EP 0174755 A1 EP0174755 A1 EP 0174755A1 EP 85305906 A EP85305906 A EP 85305906A EP 85305906 A EP85305906 A EP 85305906A EP 0174755 A1 EP0174755 A1 EP 0174755A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- fibres
- fibrous material
- particulate material
- wadding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
- E01C9/004—Pavings specially adapted for allowing vegetation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C15/00—Pavings specially adapted for footpaths, sidewalks or cycle tracks
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
- E01C9/08—Temporary pavings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
- E01C2013/086—Combination of synthetic and natural grass
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of forming a pedestrian, vehicular or sports playing surface or underlay/shock pad.
- a method of forming a pedestrian, vehicular or sports playing surface or underlay/shock pad comprises providing a layer of an open fibrous synthetic material, and distributing a particulate material throughout the fibrous material so that the compressibility of the fibrous material is reduced.
- the particulate material is suitably a fine aggregate material such as sand or soil, or a synthetic particulate material, for example of plastics or rubber. Peat or other organic growth-supporting materials may also be used.
- the particles applied are suitably sized at 0.125 to 3 mm for rubber or the like and 0.125 to 5 mm for sand, which is most suitably of rounded grains, although for certain applications, such as cricket pitches and vehicular surfaces, angular particles are preferable.
- the minimum particle size will be substantially smaller than 0.125 mm.
- a combination of filler particles may be used, for example rubber particles and sand in distinct layers, or even uniformly mixed to achieve the desired characteristics of ball bounce, for example, in a sports playing surface.
- the fibrous material is preferably a polyester or polypropylene fibre wadding formed by distributing fibres randomly in a layer and then needle-punching the layer to bind the fibres together, followed by at least one further needling operation in which fibres are pushed through the layer so as to extend from one face thereof, while remaining anchored at one end in the layer.
- the wadding resulting from such an operation may thus have initially 50% to 75% of the f ibres- vertical or substantially vertical, some fibres extending obliquely, and the remainder horizontal or substantially horizontal.
- the horizontal or near-horizontal fibres may form a layer at one face of the wadding, giving a pile carpet-like structure on the opposite face.
- the initial air space in the wadding represents about 35% to 80% by volume of the wadding.
- a suitable wadding can be formed from a mixture of fibres, comprising 10% to 30% of 10 to 30 denier fibres, for example polypropylene, and the balance of about 100 to 150 denier fibres. Fibres in excess of 150 denier in particular in the range 150 to 300 denier may be desirable for specific surfaces but there are difficulties in needle punching as the fibre weight increases which make it difficult to produce a good open fibrous structure. Fibres in the intermediate range 30 to 100 denier may be used in substitution for or in mixture with the other fibre ranges.
- the thickness of the wadding is preferably 4 mm to 37 mm, more preferably at least 12.5 mm, and the density is preferably from 0.25 to 1.2 kgm-2 for an 18 mm thick wadding.
- the wadding may contain some resin as a binder.
- a further material may be placed on top of the filled wadding, for example a synthetic turf material, but the surface may be usable without any additional materials.
- the fibrous material when covered with another surface material, may be a tufted carpet material formed from synthetic materials such as polypropylene or polyester fibres or strips.
- One aspect of the invention provides a method which further comprises introducing grass seed into a particulate growth medium within the wadding so that grass may be cultivated therein.
- plastics reinforcing meshes and the like to reinforce a turf surface
- many of- these systems result in the growth nodes of the grass lying on the surface, where they are more readily damaged.
- the growth nodes are within the surface and, as these and part of the aerial growth are protected by the filled wadding, a more durable turf may be formed.
- This method may be adapted to produce turf to be laid at another location.
- the wadding with growth medium filler is laid on a suitably drained, but preferably non-growth supporting surface, e.g. of concrete, and when the grass has grown to the desired density the resultant turf can be rolled up for transport.
- the area to be turfed is excavated to a depth of, for example, 45 to 100 mm below the desired surface level.
- a lining of water-permeable membrane for example formed from needle-punched, resin-bonded, synthetic fibres, is placed in the excavation, and a layer of sand 25 to 80 mm thick is introduced. Wadding approximately 18 mm thick is laid on to the sand and a soil-or peat-based particulate growth medium or sand is introduced into the wadding and seeded with grass seed.
- a strong reinforced turf surface can be produced, which is suitable for use as a hard-wearing sports surface.
- the method of the invention is simple and economical and provides a stable surface suitable for a variety of uses such as footpaths, roads, especially temporary roads, sports playing surfaces and decorative turf areas in locations susceptible to erosion or instability.
- the surface formed by the method of the invention may also be used to provide a sports playing surface of predetermined playing characteristics, such as ball bounce, the characteristics being chosen by varying the position of the layer of wadding in the structure of the surface, and the particulate material used to fill the wadding.
- Another aspect of the invention provides a pile carpet, preferably comprising bonded needle-punched synthetic fibres with a bonded backing layer, and resilient particles, e.g. of rubber, introduced into the fibre pile of the carpet.
- a further advantage of the carpet in accordance with the invention is that it gives rise to less drag on the spikes than conventional surfaces formed from bonded rubber particles and may permit a runner to achieve a greater speed, for example.
- a sheet 2 of polypropylene fibre wadding 18 mm thick and comprising 20% of 15 denier fibres, with the balance of 100 denier fibres.
- the wadding is formed by needle-punching a random mat of the fibres to produce a smooth base layer 3 of substantially horizontal fibres and an open layer 4 in which at least 60% of the fibres are vertical or substantially vertical.
- a layer of rubber particles 5 sized from 0.25 to 0.75 mm is produced in the open layer 4 to approximately half the height thereof by sprinkling and/or brushing in such a manner as not to flatten the wadding significantly.
- a layer of sand 6, in the form of rounded grains sized about 0.5 mm, is then introduced into the upper half of the open layer 4, to overlie the rubber particle layer 5.
- the resulting structure can be used without further cover as a pedestrian surface or sports surface, but an artificial turf may be laid on top, if desired.
- the layer of wadding is enclosed, after filling with sand or rubber particles, in permeable membrane, for example a thin (1 mm) resin-bonded polyester fibre mat.
- permeable membrane for example a thin (1 mm) resin-bonded polyester fibre mat. This may form an envelope, in the manner disclosed and claimed in our published European Patent Application No. 93008.
- a sports playing surface suitable for use as a running track surface is laid on a suitably prepared base 10 and comprises needle-punched polyester fibres in which a base layer has s been formed by introducing on one side of the needle-punched wadding a layer 11 of an adhesive, which is then cured.
- the free fibres 12 upstanding from the base layer 1 are sprinkled with rubber particles 13 of a maximum particle dimension of about 0.25 to 0.75 millimetres, and the particles are introduced into the pile by brushing or rubbing.
- the rubber is suitably a synthetic rubber, and is applied at a density of about 0.5 to 2. 5 kgm-2.
- the resultant playing surface of carpet loses no resilience in the introduction of the rubber particles, and maintains its resilience throughout prolonged wear, whereas an unfilled carpet of similar construction becomes compressed and less resilient with the same amount of wear.
- a comparison of the ball-bounce characteristics of surfaces prepared in accordance with the invention may be made by a simple test, in which a cricket ball and a soccer ball are dropped from a predetermined height on to a surface, and the height of the first bounce is measured. Bounce heights are expressed as a percentage of the drop height.
- an envelope containing a layer of sand 37 mm thick was prepared in the manner described in our published European Patent Application No. 93008, on a concrete base.
- a 15 mm thick wadding of the type described herein, having a weight of 1.1 kgm 2 , and filled with sand, was used and thirdly, a 15 mm wadding filled with rubber particles was used.
- surfaces can be produced having widely differing characteristics and these surfaces may be selected and combined according to the desired use.
- the weight per square metre of the open fibrous structure may be extremely light, for example as low as 250 grms for a 12 mm thick layer.
- the structure is therefore not on its own suitable for articifial turf or as an underlay/shock pad and it is only when filled with the particulate material that the desired characteristics are obtained.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a method of forming a pedestrian, vehicular or sports playing surface or underlay/shock pad.
- According to the invention a method of forming a pedestrian, vehicular or sports playing surface or underlay/shock pad comprises providing a layer of an open fibrous synthetic material, and distributing a particulate material throughout the fibrous material so that the compressibility of the fibrous material is reduced.
- The particulate material is suitably a fine aggregate material such as sand or soil, or a synthetic particulate material, for example of plastics or rubber. Peat or other organic growth-supporting materials may also be used. The particles applied are suitably sized at 0.125 to 3 mm for rubber or the like and 0.125 to 5 mm for sand, which is most suitably of rounded grains, although for certain applications, such as cricket pitches and vehicular surfaces, angular particles are preferable. For soil, the minimum particle size will be substantially smaller than 0.125 mm. A combination of filler particles may be used, for example rubber particles and sand in distinct layers, or even uniformly mixed to achieve the desired characteristics of ball bounce, for example, in a sports playing surface.
- The fibrous material is preferably a polyester or polypropylene fibre wadding formed by distributing fibres randomly in a layer and then needle-punching the layer to bind the fibres together, followed by at least one further needling operation in which fibres are pushed through the layer so as to extend from one face thereof, while remaining anchored at one end in the layer. The wadding resulting from such an operation may thus have initially 50% to 75% of the f ibres- vertical or substantially vertical, some fibres extending obliquely, and the remainder horizontal or substantially horizontal. The horizontal or near-horizontal fibres may form a layer at one face of the wadding, giving a pile carpet-like structure on the opposite face. The initial air space in the wadding represents about 35% to 80% by volume of the wadding. A suitable wadding can be formed from a mixture of fibres, comprising 10% to 30% of 10 to 30 denier fibres, for example polypropylene, and the balance of about 100 to 150 denier fibres. Fibres in excess of 150 denier in particular in the range 150 to 300 denier may be desirable for specific surfaces but there are difficulties in needle punching as the fibre weight increases which make it difficult to produce a good open fibrous structure. Fibres in the
intermediate range 30 to 100 denier may be used in substitution for or in mixture with the other fibre ranges. - The thickness of the wadding is preferably 4 mm to 37 mm, more preferably at least 12.5 mm, and the density is preferably from 0.25 to 1.2 kgm-2 for an 18 mm thick wadding. The wadding may contain some resin as a binder.
- A further material may be placed on top of the filled wadding, for example a synthetic turf material, but the surface may be usable without any additional materials.
- Alternatively, the fibrous material, when covered with another surface material, may be a tufted carpet material formed from synthetic materials such as polypropylene or polyester fibres or strips.
- One aspect of the invention provides a method which further comprises introducing grass seed into a particulate growth medium within the wadding so that grass may be cultivated therein. Although it is known to use plastics reinforcing meshes and the like to reinforce a turf surface, many of- these systems result in the growth nodes of the grass lying on the surface, where they are more readily damaged. With the method of this aspect of the present invention, the growth nodes are within the surface and, as these and part of the aerial growth are protected by the filled wadding, a more durable turf may be formed. This method may be adapted to produce turf to be laid at another location. The wadding with growth medium filler is laid on a suitably drained, but preferably non-growth supporting surface, e.g. of concrete, and when the grass has grown to the desired density the resultant turf can be rolled up for transport.
- In a preferred method of preparing a mixed natural and synthetic turf, or a reinforced material turf, the area to be turfed is excavated to a depth of, for example, 45 to 100 mm below the desired surface level. A lining of water-permeable membrane, for example formed from needle-punched, resin-bonded, synthetic fibres, is placed in the excavation, and a layer of sand 25 to 80 mm thick is introduced. Wadding approximately 18 mm thick is laid on to the sand and a soil-or peat-based particulate growth medium or sand is introduced into the wadding and seeded with grass seed. With suitable feeding and watering, a strong reinforced turf surface can be produced, which is suitable for use as a hard-wearing sports surface.
- The method of the invention is simple and economical and provides a stable surface suitable for a variety of uses such as footpaths, roads, especially temporary roads, sports playing surfaces and decorative turf areas in locations susceptible to erosion or instability. The surface formed by the method of the invention may also be used to provide a sports playing surface of predetermined playing characteristics, such as ball bounce, the characteristics being chosen by varying the position of the layer of wadding in the structure of the surface, and the particulate material used to fill the wadding.
- Another aspect of the invention provides a pile carpet, preferably comprising bonded needle-punched synthetic fibres with a bonded backing layer, and resilient particles, e.g. of rubber, introduced into the fibre pile of the carpet.
- It has been found that such a carpet is cheap to manufacture and has an extended life in comparison with conventional carpets, particluarly in use as a sports playing surface where spiked shoes are used. In such circumstances, a further advantage of the carpet in accordance with the invention is that it gives rise to less drag on the spikes than conventional surfaces formed from bonded rubber particles and may permit a runner to achieve a greater speed, for example.
- Reference is made to the drawings, in which:-
- Figure 1 shows a section through a surface constructed by a method according to one embodiment of the invention;
- Figure 2 shows a section through a playing surface according to another aspect of the invention; and
- Figures 3, 4 and 5 show sections through surfaces constructed according to other preferred methods of the invention.
- Referring to Figure 1, on to a suitably prepared
surface 1, which may be soil, sand, or even suitably drained concrete or tarmacadam, is laid a sheet 2 of polypropylene fibre wadding 18 mm thick and comprising 20% of 15 denier fibres, with the balance of 100 denier fibres. The wadding is formed by needle-punching a random mat of the fibres to produce asmooth base layer 3 of substantially horizontal fibres and anopen layer 4 in which at least 60% of the fibres are vertical or substantially vertical. - A layer of rubber particles 5 sized from 0.25 to 0.75 mm is produced in the
open layer 4 to approximately half the height thereof by sprinkling and/or brushing in such a manner as not to flatten the wadding significantly. A layer ofsand 6, in the form of rounded grains sized about 0.5 mm, is then introduced into the upper half of theopen layer 4, to overlie the rubber particle layer 5. - The resulting structure can be used without further cover as a pedestrian surface or sports surface, but an artificial turf may be laid on top, if desired.
- In an alternative construction, the layer of wadding is enclosed, after filling with sand or rubber particles, in permeable membrane, for example a thin (1 mm) resin-bonded polyester fibre mat. This may form an envelope, in the manner disclosed and claimed in our published European Patent Application No. 93008.
- Referring to Figure 2, a sports playing surface suitable for use as a running track surface, for example, is laid on a suitably prepared
base 10 and comprises needle-punched polyester fibres in which a base layer has s been formed by introducing on one side of the needle-punched wadding alayer 11 of an adhesive, which is then cured. Thefree fibres 12 upstanding from thebase layer 1 are sprinkled withrubber particles 13 of a maximum particle dimension of about 0.25 to 0.75 millimetres, and the particles are introduced into the pile by brushing or rubbing. The rubber is suitably a synthetic rubber, and is applied at a density of about 0.5 to 2.5 kgm-2. - The resultant playing surface of carpet loses no resilience in the introduction of the rubber particles, and maintains its resilience throughout prolonged wear, whereas an unfilled carpet of similar construction becomes compressed and less resilient with the same amount of wear.
- Figure 3 represents a portion of a sports playing surface, for example a soccer pitch. A suitably-drained
base 30, for example a layer of sand, is prepared, and awadding 31 approximately 18 mm thick of a type hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1, is laid thereon.Sand 32 having rounded grains of maximum dimension up to 2 mm is introduced into the wadding until the wadding is filled to the height of the fibres therein. A conventionalartificial turf 33 is then laid on top. The surface is relatively quick and inexpensive to construct, and provides a playing surface favourably comparable with a good quality, good condition, natural turf pitch in its playing characteristics. - Figure 4 shows the use of the wadding of the type hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 in a mixed natural and synthetic playing surface. A
bed 40 of said or soil or other growth medium is laid on a suitably-drained surface. Thewadding 41 is laid on to thebed 40 and is filled with sand, soil or other particulate growth medium, and seeded. The resulting grass plants 42 have their roots 43 within thebed 40, and are protected from damage by the wadding and its particulate filling. The grass is cut, watered and fed in conventional manner, and the surface can be spiked as necessary to maintain the drainage and structure of the turf. - Figure 5 illustrates a variation on the structure illustrated in Figure 4. An area of soil is first excavated to give a
shallow pit 50, in the base of whichdrainage slits 51 are cut and filled with gravel or the like. If necessary, porous drainage pipes may be laid in the bases of the slits. Thepit 50 is lined with alayer 52 of a water-permeable membrane, for example a non-woven synthetic fibre material, and then filled withsand 40. Thewadding 41 is laid and grass seeded in it in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 4. The resulting surface is suitable for use as a soccer pitch, providing a hard-wearing low-maintenance grass turf. - A comparison of the ball-bounce characteristics of surfaces prepared in accordance with the invention may be made by a simple test, in which a cricket ball and a soccer ball are dropped from a predetermined height on to a surface, and the height of the first bounce is measured. Bounce heights are expressed as a percentage of the drop height. Firstly, by way of comparison only, an envelope containing a layer of sand 37 mm thick was prepared in the manner described in our published European Patent Application No. 93008, on a concrete base.
- Secondly, a 15 mm thick wadding, of the type described herein, having a weight of 1.1 kgm 2, and filled with sand, was used and thirdly, a 15 mm wadding filled with rubber particles was used.
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- It will be appreciated that, within the scope of the invention, surfaces can be produced having widely differing characteristics and these surfaces may be selected and combined according to the desired use.
- The weight per square metre of the open fibrous structure may be extremely light, for example as low as 250 grms for a 12 mm thick layer. The structure is therefore not on its own suitable for articifial turf or as an underlay/shock pad and it is only when filled with the particulate material that the desired characteristics are obtained.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT85305906T ATE47440T1 (en) | 1984-08-25 | 1985-08-20 | PEDESTRIAN, VEHICLE OR SPORTS COVERINGS AND UNDERMATS/BUMPER CUSHIONS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB848421659A GB8421659D0 (en) | 1984-08-25 | 1984-08-25 | Forming pedestrian/vehicular surface |
GB8421659 | 1984-08-25 | ||
GB848421655A GB8421655D0 (en) | 1984-08-25 | 1984-08-25 | Carpet |
GB8421655 | 1984-08-25 | ||
GB8504667 | 1985-02-22 | ||
GB858504667A GB8504667D0 (en) | 1985-02-22 | 1985-02-22 | Pedestrian vehicular/sports playing surfaces |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0174755A1 true EP0174755A1 (en) | 1986-03-19 |
EP0174755B1 EP0174755B1 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
Family
ID=27262450
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19850305906 Expired EP0174755B1 (en) | 1984-08-25 | 1985-08-20 | Pedestrian, vehicular, or sports playing surfaces and underlays/shock pads |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0174755B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1253896A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3573815D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8702970A1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ213237A (en) |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994012254A1 (en) * | 1992-11-26 | 1994-06-09 | Stephen Dean | A playing surface construction |
US5489317A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1996-02-06 | Turf Systems International, Inc. | Surface for sports and other uses |
US5850708A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1998-12-22 | Turf Systems International, Inc. | Surface for sports and other uses |
EP0896092A3 (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1999-02-24 | Turf Systems International, Inc. | Improved surface for sports and other uses |
WO2000074802A1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-14 | John Granville Burns | Playing surface substrate, in particular turf mats |
US6242062B1 (en) | 1996-11-29 | 2001-06-05 | Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. | Combined turf |
NL1013729C2 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-06 | Hugo De Vries | Artificial grass with cushioning material. |
LU90619B1 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-02-04 | Cefip S A | Stabilized ground- and method of making such stabilized ground- |
NL1016193C2 (en) | 2000-09-15 | 2002-03-18 | Desseaux H Tapijtfab | Method for installing an artificial grass field and such an artificial grass field. |
EP1386944A1 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-04 | Franplast S.R.L. | Compaction material for synthetic lawn, process for its production and use |
US6800339B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2004-10-05 | Coevin Licensing, Llc | Filled synthetic turf with ballast layer |
EP1464757A2 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-10-06 | Nottinghamshire Sports & Safety Systems Limited | Playing surface structure and method of construction of such a playing surface |
EP1464756A2 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-10-06 | Nottinghamshire Sports & Safety Systems Limited | Improvements relating to the construction of playing surfaces |
US6858272B2 (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2005-02-22 | Troy Squires | Horizontally draining, pre-engineered synthetic turf field |
WO2006109110A1 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-19 | Italgreen S.P.A. | Artificial turf structure and production method therefore |
AU2001238195B2 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2006-10-19 | Apt Advanced Polymer Technology Corp. | Artificial turf system |
WO2007010324A1 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2007-01-25 | Italgreen S.P.A. | Artificial turf structure and production method therefore |
US7168883B2 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2007-01-30 | Grass Manufacturers Pty Ltd | Tennis surface |
US7387823B2 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2008-06-17 | Gary Wayne Waterford | Synthetic sports surface |
EP2154291A1 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2010-02-17 | Notts Sport Limited | Playing surface and method of manufacturing a playing surface |
CN104264565A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-07 | 周晓新 | Artificial lawn and fabrication process thereof |
CN108221555A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-29 | 浙江绣山园林建设有限公司 | A kind of method for paving of garden path structure |
US20200308777A1 (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2020-10-01 | Polytex Sportbelage Produktions-Gmbh | Artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding |
CN112343155A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-09 | 怀化市长兴园林绿化工程集团有限责任公司 | City landscape garden pavement construction structure |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8619850D0 (en) * | 1985-12-14 | 1986-09-24 | Mansfield Standard Sand Co Ltd | All weather surfaces |
WO1987007315A1 (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1987-12-03 | Nottinghamshire County Council | Pedestrian, vehicular, or sports playing surface structures |
GB8709054D0 (en) * | 1987-04-15 | 1987-05-20 | Cambridge Soil Services Ltd | Artificial playing surface |
NL8901484A (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-01-02 | Heidemij Uitvoering | SPORTS FIELD WITH NATURAL GRASS AND ARTIFICIAL GRASS, AND A METHOD OF APPLICATION THEREOF. |
GB9020624D0 (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1990-10-31 | Heckmondwike Fb Ltd | Ground stabilisation material |
GB9020623D0 (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1990-10-31 | Heckmondwike Fb Ltd | Ground stabilisation and support material |
NL9002244A (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-05-18 | Desseaux H Tapijtfab | ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELD. |
NZ244708A (en) * | 1991-10-14 | 1995-11-27 | Tapijtfabriek H Desseaux Nv | Artificial grass inserter with at least one planting pin |
US6295756B1 (en) | 1992-06-22 | 2001-10-02 | Turf Stabilization Technologies Inc. | Surface for sports and other uses |
EP0612885A1 (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1994-08-31 | Sommer Levasseur S.A. | Element for a synthetic tennis court and its manufacturing process |
GB2274997B (en) * | 1993-02-13 | 1996-02-07 | Fibresand Ltd | Improved surface for sporting and other activities |
GB2311730B (en) * | 1996-04-04 | 1999-07-07 | Peter Dury | Synthetic turf cricket pitch |
US6029397A (en) | 1997-06-06 | 2000-02-29 | Technology Licensing Corp. | Stabilized natural turf for athletic field |
US6035577A (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2000-03-14 | Technology Licensing Corp | Temporarily stabilized natural turf |
Citations (4)
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US1906494A (en) * | 1930-10-09 | 1933-05-02 | American Hair & Felt Company | Playing surfaces |
DE2522864A1 (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1976-12-30 | Berleburger Schaumstoffwerk | Grid for growing grass for landscaped areas - consists of ridges of artificial grass bristles on the top, between cavities of nutrient |
US4337283A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1982-06-29 | Haas Jr Frederick T | Synthetic turf playing surface with resilient top-dressing |
US4396653A (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1983-08-02 | Tomarin Seymour A | Simulated grass playing field surface with rubber particle layer and sand layer |
-
1985
- 1985-08-20 DE DE8585305906T patent/DE3573815D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-08-20 EP EP19850305906 patent/EP0174755B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-08-23 ES ES546393A patent/ES8702970A1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-08-23 CA CA000489360A patent/CA1253896A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-08-26 NZ NZ21323785A patent/NZ213237A/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1906494A (en) * | 1930-10-09 | 1933-05-02 | American Hair & Felt Company | Playing surfaces |
DE2522864A1 (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1976-12-30 | Berleburger Schaumstoffwerk | Grid for growing grass for landscaped areas - consists of ridges of artificial grass bristles on the top, between cavities of nutrient |
US4337283A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1982-06-29 | Haas Jr Frederick T | Synthetic turf playing surface with resilient top-dressing |
US4396653A (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1983-08-02 | Tomarin Seymour A | Simulated grass playing field surface with rubber particle layer and sand layer |
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US5489317A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1996-02-06 | Turf Systems International, Inc. | Surface for sports and other uses |
US5850708A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1998-12-22 | Turf Systems International, Inc. | Surface for sports and other uses |
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US6145248A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 2000-11-14 | Turf Stabilization Technologies, Inc. | Sports playing surfaces with biodegradable backings |
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US6242062B1 (en) | 1996-11-29 | 2001-06-05 | Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. | Combined turf |
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US20200308777A1 (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2020-10-01 | Polytex Sportbelage Produktions-Gmbh | Artificial turf fiber with a non-circular cladding |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0174755B1 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
NZ213237A (en) | 1988-10-28 |
CA1253896A (en) | 1989-05-09 |
ES546393A0 (en) | 1987-01-16 |
ES8702970A1 (en) | 1987-01-16 |
DE3573815D1 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
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