EP0172080B1 - Electro-aimant polarisé à trois états et circuit pour sa commande - Google Patents

Electro-aimant polarisé à trois états et circuit pour sa commande Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0172080B1
EP0172080B1 EP85401463A EP85401463A EP0172080B1 EP 0172080 B1 EP0172080 B1 EP 0172080B1 EP 85401463 A EP85401463 A EP 85401463A EP 85401463 A EP85401463 A EP 85401463A EP 0172080 B1 EP0172080 B1 EP 0172080B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
winding
electromagnet
air
gaps
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85401463A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0172080A1 (fr
Inventor
Gérard Koehler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telemecanique SA
Original Assignee
Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telemecanique Electrique SA filed Critical Telemecanique Electrique SA
Publication of EP0172080A1 publication Critical patent/EP0172080A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0172080B1 publication Critical patent/EP0172080B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H01H2051/2218—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature having at least one movable permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/005—Inversing contactors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-state electromagnet.
  • the present invention also relates to a circuit for its control.
  • Three-state electromagnets are useful, for example, for controlling a device between a rest state and two different operating states.
  • such an electromagnet can be mounted in a contactor making it possible to put a three-phase motor in forward, in reverse or in standstill.
  • a contactor comprises contacts of the reversing type capable of also taking an intermediate position between the two extreme positions. To avoid a short circuit of the source during the duration of the electric arcs on the contacts, it is necessary to avoid that the inversion of the contacts is too fast.
  • this known contactor is tristable.
  • use with monostable contactors is more frequent.
  • to leave an extreme position it is necessary to excite the coil in a direction opposite to that which served for the preceding excitation.
  • the armature risks exceeding the stable central position and going to the other extreme position. Instead of stopping, the controlled motor will run in reverse, which can be very dangerous.
  • the strength of the magnets varies with temperature and the strength of the contact springs decreases with contact wear.
  • EP-A-86 121 there is known an electromagnet having two assemblies provided with permanent magnets which are movable relative to each other by defining between them four air gaps.
  • the permanent magnets are in series with each other at one of the extreme positions which is therefore stable, and in opposition with each other at the other extreme position which is therefore unstable.
  • Such an electromagnet is monostable without artifice but if it is used in a contactor, it can only put the power contacts in two different positions, not three.
  • FR-A-2 554 957 (not published on the priority date of this application) describes an electromagnet of the same type (two positions, two permanent magnets), but bistable.
  • US-A-2 872 546 is a three-position monostable electromagnet in which a permanent rotating magnet is mounted between two fixed magnets connected by their middle each to one end of a fixed yoke.
  • the mobile magnet takes an intermediate position in which its North pole is equidistant from the North poles of the fixed magnets and its South pole equidistant from the South poles of the fixed magnets.
  • the movable magnet pivots in one direction or the other.
  • this electromagnet is not very effective because the coils act practically only to suppress certain repulsion forces and to let others remain.
  • the object of the invention is thus to propose an electromagnet with three positions, which develops significant magnetic forces in the "working" positions and which is not likely to pass from one extreme position to the other when it has only been commanded to return to the central or intermediate position, and which, without costly modification such as the increase in the travel or the inertia of the moving assembly, is not likely to pass too quickly from an extreme position to the other by creating a risk of short circuit.
  • the invention thus relates to a polarized electromagnet comprising a magnetic circuit and at least one excitation coil surrounding a part of the magnetic circuit; the latter is constituted by two crews each comprising at least one permanent magnet provided on its pole faces with pole pieces, the crews being movable relative to each other between two extreme positions; the pole pieces of one crew form with the pole pieces of the other crew two opposing pairs of variable gaps, the gaps of one pair closing when the gaps of the other pair open due to the relative movement of the crews whose direction is determined by the state of excitation of the coil.
  • each air gap has facing faces connected to the polar faces of permanent magnets of the same magnetic polarity.
  • each air gap has facing faces connected to polar faces of permanent magnets of the same magnetic polarity and the sizes of the permanent magnets are chosen on the one hand appreciably canceling, in the absence of excitation of the coil, the flow which passes through the closed air gaps, thus making it possible to bring the position of the crews to an intermediate position between the two
  • the air gaps are formed by ends of the pole pieces and each of these ends belongs to only one air gap.
  • the return means envisaged here as a possible only have a supporting role bringing into play low forces compared to the electromagnetic forces and possibly ensuring better resistance to vibrations in the intermediate position, the essential being to remove the electromagnetic force of attraction. They are therefore not recall means providing significant efforts that more than counterbalance the force of the permanent magnet, at the risk of remanance.
  • control circuit for the above electromagnet comprises, for at least one of the windings of the coil, an assembly comprising a pluggable capacitor in parallel with the winding, a resistor connected in series with this winding, a discharge resistor connectable in parallel with the capacitor, and a switching means movable between a first position in which a supply line of the winding and the capacitor are connected to a source terminal while the discharge resistance is disconnected, and a second position in which the capacitor is in series with the discharge resistance while the winding supply line is open.
  • a contactor according to the invention allows for example a motor to change the direction of rotation without abruptness or risk of short circuit between phases.
  • the capacitor discharges into the discharge resistance.
  • the two windings can each be equipped with an aforementioned assembly, in which case the operation described above takes place each time that the excitation is passed from one winding to the other.
  • the electromagnet comprises a fixed element 1 and a mobile element 7.
  • the fixed element 1 comprises a permanent magnet 2 whose pole faces (N, S) are respectively provided with pole pieces 3 and 4.
  • a coil 5, wound on a coil carcass 6, surrounds the crew 1 in its central region where the magnet 2 is located, so that the field of the coil along an axis YY 'is perpendicular to the 'magnetization axis XX' of the permanent magnet 2.
  • the moving element 7 also comprises a permanent magnet 14 whose magnetization axis is parallel to XX ′ and whose pole faces (N, S) are provided with pole pieces 12 and 13 respectively.
  • the pole piece 3 has two ends 15, 16 emerging from the coil 5 and bent at right angles along the cheeks of the coil carcass 6.
  • the pole piece 12 has two ends 8, 9 bent at right angles so that they are parallel to the ends 15 and 16 and outside the latter.
  • a variable air gap E1 between the ends 15 and 8 and a variable air gap E2 between the ends 16 and 9 is thus determined between the crews.
  • the pole piece 13 has two ends 10, 11 bent at right angles so that they are parallel and outside the ends 8 and 9.
  • the pole piece 4 has two ends 17, 18 emerging from the coil 5 and bent at right angles so that they are parallel to the ends 10 and 11 and outside the latter.
  • a variable air gap E3 between the ends 10 and 17 and a variable air gap E4 between the ends 11 and 18 is thus determined between the crews.
  • the moving element 7 can move in translation in a direction parallel to the axis of the coil. It can be seen in FIG. 2 that this crew is guided by notches in the cheeks of the coil carcass 6.
  • the air gaps E 1 and E4 are closed by bringing their opposite faces together while the air gaps E2 and E3 are open.
  • the air gaps E2 and E3 are closed, E1 and E4 being open.
  • the two pairs of air gaps E1-E4 and E2-E3 therefore have antagonistic effects.
  • the polarities of the permanent magnets 2 and 14 are chosen so that the facing faces of each air gap are connected to the polar faces of permanent magnet of the same polarity, namely the polarity N for the air gaps E1 and E2 and the polarity S for the air gaps E3 and E4.
  • each end of the pole piece belongs to only one air gap, while for example in EP-A-86 121, certain ends of the pole pieces (9a and 9b) belong to two antagonistic air gaps.
  • the sizes of the permanent magnets are chosen so that no magnetic flux crosses a closed air gap in the absence of excitation of the coil 5. This prevents the extreme positions from being stable positions. We can even ensure that the permanent magnets see lower external reluctances when the moving element 7 is in an intermediate position substantially at the halfway point of the extreme positions, as in FIG. 1. For this, it may be advantageous to add permanent magnets near the air gaps, for example between the parallel ends 8 and 10 as well as 9 and 11.
  • the sizes of the magnets (mainly their thickness) must also be chosen according to the amperes of the coil so that the latter reinforce a direction of flow of the flux of the permanent magnet 2, by bypassing the permanent magnet 14 and ensuring a sufficient "working" force in the pair of closed airgaps, depending on the direction of excitation of the coil.
  • this electromagnet is therefore of the monostable type from a stable central position.
  • the direction of movement of the moving element towards one of the extreme positions depends on the direction of excitation of the coil, and the cutting of the latter causes the suppression of the electromagnetic working forces, at least in their major part, the return in the central position being possibly assisted by springs.
  • the labor forces can be significant because the entire flux of the permanent magnet 2 is directed by the coil 5 in closed air gaps, while for example that in US-A-2 872 546, the coils act practically only to suppress certain forces of repulsion and to let others remain.
  • the electromagnet provides sufficient working forces, without however having residual forces.
  • the fixed and movable parts can be swapped by sliding the crew 1 in the coil carcass 6 whose cheeks are close together. It is also possible to remove certain arched ends of pole pieces, such as 15 and 16 in order to have a bearing end of the pole piece.
  • the ends of the pole pieces can also be flat or bent into a bayonet, as in FIG. 6 of FR-A-2 554 957, with due respect for the magnetic polarities.
  • FIG. 4 shows the electromagnet 21 of FIGS. 1 and 2, the moving assembly of which is fixed to the moving part 22 of three power contacts 23 of the reversing type, that is to say that the part mobile 22 of each contact 23 connects two pairs of distinct fixed contacts according to the extreme position occupied by the mobile assembly 7.
  • the crew 7 is in the intermediate position and the moving parts 22 are also in an intermediate position in which no contact is made.
  • the contacts 23 are mounted between the terminals RST of a three-phase source and the terminals of a three-phase motor M according to a conventional arrangement such that the motor turns in one direction or the other depending on whether the contacts 23 are in a position or in the other.
  • the coil 5 comprises two coils 5a, 5b (shown diagrammatically) wound to generate flows of opposite directions when they are supplied and having a common end A3 connected to the negative terminal of a direct current source by means of an emergency stop button A.
  • the other two ends Aa, Ab of the coils 5a, 5b can be connected as desired to the positive terminal of said source by a supply line 24a, 24b respectively.
  • Line 24a associated with winding 5a carries the working contacts of a monostable manual switch Pa, the rest contacts of which are on line 24b. It also carries the working contacts of another monostable manual switch Pb.
  • the motor M rotates in one direction or the other. As soon as the button is released, the engine stops.
  • FIG. 5 constitutes an improvement on that of FIG. 4, associated with a contactor similar to that of FIG. 4 except that it comprises an additional change-over contact, referenced 23a, whose moving part 22 is integral with the moving parts. 22 of contacts 23.
  • the input terminal of each fixed contact of contact 23a is connected to the positive terminal of the source.
  • Each of the output terminals is connected to a respective line 26a or 26b.
  • Line 26a is connected to line 24a which passes through a rest contact of an inverter 27b of the switch Pb.
  • line 26b is connected to line 24b passing through a rest contact of an inverter 27a of the switch Pa.
  • the arrangement is such that the self-supply line 26a or 26b which is closed by the contact 23a is always that which supplies the winding 5a or 5b, the action of which keeps the moving parts 22 in the position they occupy.
  • the lines 24a and 24b are connected to the positive terminal of the source via a working contact of the inverters 27a and 27b respectively.
  • Each coil 5a or 5b is associated with an assembly comprising a capacitor Ca or Cb mounted between point A3 and the positive terminal of the source, in series with a working contact of a second inverter 28a or 28b of the inverter Pa or Pb respectively.
  • a discharge resistor ra or rb is mounted in series with a rest contact of the second inverter 28a or 28b.
  • a resistor R3 common to the two assemblies is mounted between the pint A3 and the stop button A.
  • each capacitor Ca or Cb is in a closed circuit on its discharge resistance ra or rb and therefore has no effect on the control.
  • the inverter 27b opens the self-supply circuit of the winding 5a. The same inverter closes the direct link between line 24b and the positive terminal of the source. At the same time, the inverter 28b puts the capacitor Cb in parallel with the winding 5b and switches off the resistor rb.
  • the winding 5a ceases its action and allows the mobile assembly to return to the intermediate position.
  • the mobile team does not go beyond.
  • the other winding 5b having been connected in parallel with the capacitor Cb and in series with the resistor R3, its voltage rise takes place with the time constant R3, Cb, for example 1s, preferably more than 0 , 2s. It is only after a certain delay that the magnetic force generated by the winding 5b is sufficient to move the moving element to its other extreme position, to the left, allowing the engine to start in the other direction.
  • FIG. 6 is analogous to that of FIG. 5 except that, to take advantage of the presence of the capacitors by allowing supply by alternating current, a half-wave rectifier diode da has been inserted between point A3 and resistance R3.
  • each winding 5a or 5b is mounted in parallel with a freewheeling diode da or db with which the winding 5a or 5b forms a closed circuit when the winding is disconnected, the diode then having for direction passing the normal direction. through the winding, as permitted by the diode d.
  • the resistor R3 avoids the use of winding wires that are too fine for a 220 V alternating voltage and the low power required to control the electromagnet avoids having a large resistor R3.
  • the components ra, rb, Ca, Cb and R3 and any diodes can easily be housed in a housing with the same profile as that of the contactor (snap-fastening on bar, similar terminals, etc.) - or in a housing snapped onto the body of the contactor as a classic additive.
  • the pushbuttons Pa and Pb can be replaced by a single set of change-over contacts, with or without self-supply, but retaining the time delay for reversing the directions of rotation of the controlled motor.
  • the electromagnet described can also be used in a 3-way solenoid valve.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
EP85401463A 1984-07-20 1985-07-17 Electro-aimant polarisé à trois états et circuit pour sa commande Expired EP0172080B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8411517 1984-07-20
FR8411517A FR2568056B1 (fr) 1984-07-20 1984-07-20 Electroaimant polarise a trois etats et circuit pour sa commande

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0172080A1 EP0172080A1 (fr) 1986-02-19
EP0172080B1 true EP0172080B1 (fr) 1988-06-01

Family

ID=9306322

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85401463A Expired EP0172080B1 (fr) 1984-07-20 1985-07-17 Electro-aimant polarisé à trois états et circuit pour sa commande

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4609899A (ja)
EP (1) EP0172080B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS61114430A (ja)
DE (1) DE3563144D1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2568056B1 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4223287C2 (de) * 1991-07-17 2002-10-31 Tyco Electronics Austria Gmbh Gepoltes elektromagnetisches Relais

Families Citing this family (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63164135A (ja) * 1986-08-08 1988-07-07 山本　誠二 作動片の駆動装置
DE3743366A1 (de) * 1987-12-21 1989-07-06 Schmidt Manfred Waermerollo mit seitlicher magnetbandfuehrung
US5091710A (en) * 1988-07-28 1992-02-25 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Step linear actuator
US4995744A (en) * 1988-12-16 1991-02-26 International Business Machines Corporation Impact printer actuator using magnet and electromagnetic coil and method of manufacture
US5254925A (en) * 1992-01-31 1993-10-19 Flynn Bros., Inc. Permanent magnet control means
ES2040647B1 (es) * 1992-03-16 1997-04-16 Bernardos Salvador Estors Aparato contactor triestado.
US6046660A (en) * 1999-04-07 2000-04-04 Gruner; Klaus A. Latching magnetic relay assembly with a linear motor
DE60037017T2 (de) * 2000-08-18 2008-08-21 Ranco Inc. Of Delaware, Wilmington Tristabiles Relais
EP2312188B1 (en) * 2009-10-16 2012-04-25 Diener Precision Pumps Ltd. Electronic adapter for controlling a bistable valve
DE102012107922A1 (de) * 2012-08-28 2014-03-06 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Elektromagnetische Aktuatorvorrichtung
BR112018003926B1 (pt) * 2015-08-28 2024-03-05 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Comutador de carga para um comutador de derivação de carga e comutador principal contínuo e comutador de desconexão para o mesmo
EP3211653B1 (en) * 2016-02-23 2019-08-14 Tyco Electronics Componentes Electromecanicos Lda Electromagnetic relay for three switching positions

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US2735045A (en) * 1952-03-20 1956-02-14 Savoie
US2872546A (en) * 1956-02-03 1959-02-03 Stuart K Babcock Self-centering relay
FR2222746A1 (en) * 1973-03-20 1974-10-18 Campot Etienne Extra flat relay for four pole magnetic cct - can be mono-, bi-, or tristable
FR2358006A1 (fr) * 1976-07-09 1978-02-03 Manuf Fse App Electr Dispositif formant electroaimant, tel que celui d'un relais
JPS5636109A (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-04-09 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Monostable type polar electromagnet
CH662671A5 (de) * 1981-04-30 1987-10-15 Sds Relais Ag Polarisiertes relais.
DE3138265C2 (de) * 1981-09-25 1986-10-16 Sds-Elektro Gmbh, 8024 Deisenhofen Elekromagnetisches Schaltgerät
FR2520152B1 (fr) * 1982-01-20 1986-02-28 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant a equipage mobile a aimant permanent a fonctionnement monostable
FR2532107B1 (fr) * 1982-08-17 1986-08-29 Sds Elektro Gmbh Appareil electromagnetique de connexion comprenant une commande magnetique et un appareil de contact monte sur cette derniere

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4223287C2 (de) * 1991-07-17 2002-10-31 Tyco Electronics Austria Gmbh Gepoltes elektromagnetisches Relais

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0172080A1 (fr) 1986-02-19
US4609899A (en) 1986-09-02
JPS61114430A (ja) 1986-06-02
DE3563144D1 (en) 1988-07-07
FR2568056A1 (fr) 1986-01-24
FR2568056B1 (fr) 1987-01-23

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