EP0171793B1 - Plasmaspritzbrenner mit gekühlter Elektrode und Brennerdüse - Google Patents

Plasmaspritzbrenner mit gekühlter Elektrode und Brennerdüse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0171793B1
EP0171793B1 EP85110152A EP85110152A EP0171793B1 EP 0171793 B1 EP0171793 B1 EP 0171793B1 EP 85110152 A EP85110152 A EP 85110152A EP 85110152 A EP85110152 A EP 85110152A EP 0171793 B1 EP0171793 B1 EP 0171793B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
burner
plasma spray
nozzle
burner nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85110152A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0171793A3 (en
EP0171793A2 (de
Inventor
Heiko Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Gruner
Markus Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Plasmainvent AG
Original Assignee
Plasmainvent AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Plasmainvent AG filed Critical Plasmainvent AG
Publication of EP0171793A2 publication Critical patent/EP0171793A2/de
Publication of EP0171793A3 publication Critical patent/EP0171793A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0171793B1 publication Critical patent/EP0171793B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder or liquid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3463—Oblique nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma spray gun with a cooled electrode and burner nozzle for insertion into pipes and bores of workpieces and coating of inner surfaces of these workpieces.
  • a preferred area of application for such plasma spray burners is the coating of the contact surfaces of the blade root and turbine disk within the retaining grooves of the turbine disk in turbine wheels.
  • the spraying distance between plasma spray gun and substrate surface as well as the geometrical dimensions of the entire inner gun limit the minimum pipe or bore diameter at which coating can still be carried out with the same spray coating quality; the latter is thus predetermined by the normal design of the plasma spray gun. It would be possible to reduce the plasma flame length and thus the spraying distance by lowering the plasma energy, the amount of plasma gas and the amount of powder injected, so as to also coat holes of smaller diameter; however, this would only be possible at the expense of spray coating quality.
  • US-A-4,140,892 discloses a plasma spray burner with a cooled electrode and burner nozzle, in which the electrode is in the shape of a truncated cone with a rounded tip.
  • the burner nozzle in which the electrode is inserted partially and coaxially, has a minimum diameter which is smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the electrode and which extends to the outlet opening of the burner nozzle in the region from which a plurality of radial powder injector tubes of circular cross section open.
  • US Pat. No. 4,127,760 discloses a plasma spray burner which differs from the plasma spray burner according to US Pat. No. 4,140,892 in that the powder injector tubes open tangentially into the region of the minimum inner diameter of the burner nozzle and the burner nozzle has an outer partial area facing away from the electrode. whose inside diameter is larger than its smallest diameter.
  • EP-A-0 106 091 discloses a plasma spray burner whose electrode is formed in the shape of a truncated cone with a flattened tip.
  • the burner nozzle in which the electrode is inserted partially and coaxially, has a minimum inner diameter which is equal to or larger than the maximum outer diameter of the electrode, and the outer portion of the burner nozzle which faces away from the electrode can have an inner diameter which is larger than the smallest Inside diameter of the burner nozzle.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a plasma spray gun of the type described above, which enables a coating of high quality on the inner surfaces of pipes and bores with minimal inner diameters of up to about 25 mm with increased spray efficiency.
  • the burner nozzle-electrode pairing according to the invention causes the injected powder particles to be melted over a very short flame length and thus flight distance. Not only is the flame length shortened, but the plasma flame is also elliptically deformed, which leads to an increase in the geometric spraying efficiency in relation to the spray jet diameter as well as to a uniform thickness of the sprayed-on layer with each spraying pass.
  • the electrode expediently has two diametrically opposed flats on its hemispherical head.
  • the torch nozzle is advantageous, starting from its smallest inside diameter from the electrode expanded conically into an exit area with an inner ring surface of larger diameter.
  • the longitudinal axis of the flat outlet cross section of the powder injector is expediently arranged perpendicular to a connecting line between the flats of the electrode.
  • the electrode and the burner nozzle are expediently cooled by two separate water circuits.
  • a nozzle ring for cooling the surface and blowing out spray dust can additionally be provided by an annular gas protection jacket.
  • a separate line can be provided through which gas cooling and spray dust blow-out take place directly at the burner nozzle.
  • the burner advantageously consists of a stably cast part with all the elements not subject to wear and an openable part which carries the parts, which are subject to wear, easily replaceable, such as the electrode, the burner nozzle and the powder injector. All components, which are naturally subject to a wear process during burner operation, can thus be replaced simply and easily.
  • the openable part expediently has two hinged half-shells which are separated by an insulation plate.
  • the exchangeable burner nozzle is sealed against the cooling channel by O-rings and the seat of the O-rings is designed such that they are directly on at most one of four sealing surfaces on the burner nozzle and at least on two of the four sealing surfaces are good heat conductors , cooled components.
  • Channels for direct coolant access from the cooling channel to the O-rings are also advantageously provided.
  • the injected powder particles are distributed and melted in a wide coating spot, as a result of which the substrate material can be coated without excessive thermal stress despite the very short spraying distance, which is particularly important for thin-walled tubes.
  • the additional gas cooling supports this effect.
  • the plasma spray gun 1 for internal coatings shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a stably cast part 2 with all the elements not subject to wear and an openable part 3.
  • the openable part 3 consists of a cathode half-shell 4 and an anode half-shell 5, which are separated by an insulation plate 6, designed to be foldable and held together by a clamp 7.
  • On the stably cast part 2 there is a nozzle ring 8 with nozzle openings 9, through which a gas protection jacket around the plasma spray gun can be generated for surface cooling and spray dust blowing.
  • a separate line 31 can be led directly into the area of the burner nozzle.
  • An electrode 10 is fastened in the cathode half-shell 4 in an easily replaceable manner.
  • An insulating and replaceable gas distribution ring 11 is inserted into the insulation plate 6.
  • a burner nozzle 12 fixed with an extension tab, is easily replaced.
  • a powder injector 13 with a flat outlet cross section is also interchangeably inserted in the anode half-shell 5.
  • a cooling channel 14 for cooling the electrode 10 is provided in the cathode half-shell 4 and a cooling channel 14 for cooling the burner nozzle 12 in the anode half-shell 5. Both cooling channels are fed in parallel with coolant, for example water, gas or liquid carbon dioxide.
  • Part 2 represents the burner shaft, part 3 the burner head.
  • the cathode half-shell 4 and the anode half-shell 5 can be unfolded in order to have access to the gas distribution ring 11, if necessary, to replace it together with the insulation plate 6.
  • the electrode 10 has a hemispherical head 15 with diametrically opposite Flattenings 16 on.
  • the diameter of the electrode 10 is smaller than the smallest inside diameter of the burner nozzle 12. Starting from its smallest inside diameter, the burner nozzle 12 is flared away from the electrode 10 into an exit area with an inner ring surface 17 of a larger inside diameter.
  • the arc 18 that arises between the electrode 10 and the torch nozzle 12 is suppressed and concentrated on the undisturbed spherical surface of the head 15. This creates a flattened plasma flame 19.
  • the conical extension of the burner nozzle 12 to the inner ring surface 17 significantly reduces the length of the plasma flame 19.
  • the flat outlet cross section of the powder injector 13 ensures a powder injection corresponding to the flattened plasma flame 19.
  • zone I of the spray jet there is a high coating efficiency with a practically constant growth rate per unit of coating time, in zone 11 a coating efficiency which decreases sharply with the distance from the center and in zone III practically no coherent spray layer.
  • Zones I and II are delimited by concentric circles.
  • Zones I and 11 are flattened here in a strongly elliptical manner, the width of zone II being very small.
  • the layer thickness is practically constant within zone I and drops to zero over zone II over a small width. This results in a strong increase in the geometric spraying efficiency in relation to the spray jet diameter.
  • FIG. 7 shows that the burner nozzle 10 is sealed off from its associated cooling duct 20 by two O-rings 21, 22. Both O-rings 21, 22 each abut only one of their four sealing surfaces on the burner nozzle 12. A second sealing surface of the O-rings 21, 22 is formed on the insulation plate 6 or on an insulation body 23 for their thermal protection, while the O-rings 21, 22 rest on their further two sealing surfaces on components which are good heat conductors and are cooled by the cooling channel 20 . Additional channels 24, 25 are also provided from the cooling channel 20 for direct coolant access to the O-rings 21, 22. This results in particularly good thermal protection of the endangered O-rings 21, 22.
  • Coolant is fed in via a water inlet 26 parallel to the cooling channels 14 and 20 and discharged again via a water outlet 27.
  • the positive pole is connected to the water inlet 26 and the negative pole is connected to the water outlet 27.
  • Insulating tubes 28 are provided in the line guides for appropriate insulation of the cooling circuit flows from the electrical lines.
  • Plasma gas is supplied via a connection 29, wettable powder via a connection 30. Air or gas can be supplied into the area of the burner via an additional line 31.
  • Blade feet 34 of turbine blades 35 are inserted into holding grooves 32 of a turbine disk 33.
  • Coatings 36 with the plasma spray torch according to the invention are provided on the contact surfaces of blade root 34 and holding groove 32.
  • the purpose of the coatings 36 is to prevent fretting, friction welding and / or knocking out of the groove walls during operation of the turbine.
  • a CuNiln spray coating is used as the coating.
  • the coatings 36 are applied flat and broadly in three segments, preferably each with one burner passage.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
EP85110152A 1984-08-17 1985-08-13 Plasmaspritzbrenner mit gekühlter Elektrode und Brennerdüse Expired - Lifetime EP0171793B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843430383 DE3430383A1 (de) 1984-08-17 1984-08-17 Plasmaspritzbrenner fuer innenbeschichtungen
DE3430383 1984-08-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0171793A2 EP0171793A2 (de) 1986-02-19
EP0171793A3 EP0171793A3 (en) 1987-09-23
EP0171793B1 true EP0171793B1 (de) 1991-01-02

Family

ID=6243326

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85110152A Expired - Lifetime EP0171793B1 (de) 1984-08-17 1985-08-13 Plasmaspritzbrenner mit gekühlter Elektrode und Brennerdüse

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4661682A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0171793B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS61133158A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3430383A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE4228064A1 (de) * 1992-08-24 1994-03-03 Plasma Technik Ag Plasmaspritzgerät

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DE3642375A1 (de) * 1986-12-11 1988-06-23 Castolin Sa Verfahren zur aufbringung einer innenbeschichtung in rohre od. dgl. hohlraeume engen querschnittes sowie plasmaspritzbrenner dafuer
DE3645235A1 (de) * 1986-12-11 1992-03-19 Castolin Sa Verfahren zum innenbeschichten eines rohres durch plasmaspritzen
US5061683A (en) * 1987-06-09 1991-10-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making superconductors using barium hydroxide
US4882465A (en) * 1987-10-01 1989-11-21 Olin Corporation Arcjet thruster with improved arc attachment for enhancement of efficiency
US4843208A (en) * 1987-12-23 1989-06-27 Epri Plasma torch
US5041713A (en) * 1988-05-13 1991-08-20 Marinelon, Inc. Apparatus and method for applying plasma flame sprayed polymers
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FR2698576B1 (fr) * 1992-11-30 1995-02-17 Framatome Sa Procédé et dispositif de réparation d'une zone défectueuse de la paroi d'une pièce métallique et en particulier d'une pièce tubulaire.
DE4240991A1 (de) * 1992-12-05 1994-06-09 Plasma Technik Ag Plasmaspritzgerät
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DE19733204B4 (de) 1997-08-01 2005-06-09 Daimlerchrysler Ag Beschichtung aus einer übereutektischen Aluminium/Silizium Legierung, Spritzpulver zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung
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US9227214B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-01-05 General Electric Company Adjustable gas distribution assembly and related adjustable plasma spray device
US9840765B2 (en) 2013-10-16 2017-12-12 General Electric Company Systems and method of coating an interior surface of an object
KR102686242B1 (ko) * 2017-01-23 2024-07-17 에드워드 코리아 주식회사 질소 산화물 감소 장치 및 가스 처리 장치
KR102646623B1 (ko) * 2017-01-23 2024-03-11 에드워드 코리아 주식회사 플라즈마 발생 장치 및 가스 처리 장치
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DE4228064A1 (de) * 1992-08-24 1994-03-03 Plasma Technik Ag Plasmaspritzgerät

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0357833B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1991-09-03
DE3430383A1 (de) 1986-02-27
EP0171793A3 (en) 1987-09-23
EP0171793A2 (de) 1986-02-19
US4661682A (en) 1987-04-28
DE3581014D1 (de) 1991-02-07
JPS61133158A (ja) 1986-06-20

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