EP0170812A2 - Method for the manufacture of sintered contact material - Google Patents

Method for the manufacture of sintered contact material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0170812A2
EP0170812A2 EP85106749A EP85106749A EP0170812A2 EP 0170812 A2 EP0170812 A2 EP 0170812A2 EP 85106749 A EP85106749 A EP 85106749A EP 85106749 A EP85106749 A EP 85106749A EP 0170812 A2 EP0170812 A2 EP 0170812A2
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Prior art keywords
contact material
oxide
sintered contact
sno
cuo
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0170812A3 (en
EP0170812B1 (en
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Bernhard Rothkegel
Wolfgang Haufe
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • H01H1/02376—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component SnO2
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sintered contact material for low-voltage switching devices in power engineering made of AgSn0 2 with Bi 2 0 3 and CuO as further. Metal oxides and a volume fraction of total metal oxide between 10% and 25%. In addition, the invention also relates to special processes for producing the material.
  • Contact materials based on silver metal oxides have proven to be particularly advantageous for low-voltage switchgear in energy technology, for example in contactors or circuit breakers.
  • cadmium oxide in particular was used as the active component, with these contact materials in particular fulfilling the desired electrical-technological properties and having proven themselves in the long-term use of switching devices.
  • cadmium is known to be one of the toxic heavy metals and when the contact pieces burn off, CdO is also released to the surrounding area, efforts have been underway for some time to replace the CdO as completely as possible with other metal oxides.
  • these materials should have an arc burn-up that is just as small, as well as low welding power and, in particular, low heating with continuous current flow, like the proven AgCdO materials for contact pieces.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to specify a further material of the constitution AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuO for the above-mentioned application and associated manufacturing processes.
  • the Sn0 2 volume fraction is ⁇ 70% of the total amount of oxide, the Sn0 2 mass fraction in the range between 4% and 8% and the ratio of the mass fraction in% of Sn0 2 to CuO between 8: 1 and 12: 1.
  • the volume of SnO 2 is preferably about 65% of the total amount of oxide, in any case being at least 50%.
  • compositions have mass fractions of either 6.33% Sn0 2 , 3.27% Bi 2 0 3 , 0.72% Cu0 or 6.47% Sn0 2 , 3.51% Bi203, 0.71% CuO and the balance each proven silver.
  • 0.64% of the bismuth oxide is present in the IOLP and 2.63% as a separate oxide.
  • GB-A-20 55 398 describes materials based on silver metal oxide, for the production of which sheets are produced from alloys, which are subsequently oxidized internally. This means that these are not powder metallurgy materials, especially not by internal oxidation of alloy powders.
  • a composition in mass fractions of 9 0, 8% Ag, 8.5% .sn, 0.2% Bi and 0.5% Cu is specified for the starting alloy. Otherwise, other components are still added to the four-component systems, for example cobalt, iron or nickel.
  • the present invention was based on the surprising finding that the Sn0 2 portion of the total amount of oxide must be reduced in order to further improve the temperature properties, to the extent that its relative volume fraction of the total amount of oxide is below 70%.
  • the Bi 2 0 3 proportion in the material is increased considerably, so that the ratio of the mass fractions of SnO 2 to Bi 2 0 3 is now between 1 and 3.
  • an alloy powder of a predetermined composition is internally oxidized.
  • the procedure can preferably be such that an alloy with a comparatively small amount of bismuth is first produced in a manner known per se and, after the oxidation, a separate powder of Bi 2 0 3 is added to the internally oxidized alloy powder.
  • This creates a very specific structure with different oxide particle sizes, with re-granulation taking place to form mixed oxides.
  • Bi 2 0 3 distributions can further advantageously influence the electrical properties.
  • the sintered contact material according to the invention can also be produced by using alloy powder with a correspondingly high bismuth concentration as the starting material, from which a completely internally oxidized composite powder can be produced.
  • the mass fractions of the individual components are given in%, from which the volume fractions of the oxides result from the different densities.
  • An alloy of AgSnBiCu is melted in the specified composition at 1353 K from 93.60% fine silver grains, 5.20% tin grains, 0.60% metallic bismuth as fragments and 0.60% copper in rod form.
  • an alloy powder of the same composition is obtained.
  • the powder portion is sieved to ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • This portion is internally oxidized in an oxygen-containing atmosphere between 773 K and 872 K, after which a composite powder of AgSnO 2 Bi 2 0 3 CuO of the composition in mass fractions of 92.10% Ag, 6.5% Sn0 2 , 0.66% Bi 2 0 3 and 0.74% CuO is obtained.
  • Such a composite powder is quantitatively internally oxidized and is referred to as IOLP.
  • the specified AgSn0 2 Bi 2 0 3 Cu0 composite powder was a My mass proportions talloxidzusatzj of 2.7% Bi 2 0 3 , based on the composite powder, by wet mixing under propanol in an agitator ball grinder added using steel balls. After drying, the steel balls were separated from the powder mixture of composite powder and bismuth oxide powder by sieving. The composition of the starting material for the contact material (composite powder and bismuth oxide) is then in mass fractions 89.68% Ag, 6.33% SnO 2 , 3.27% Bi 2 0 3 and 0.72% CuO.
  • two-layer molded parts with a solderable silver layer are expediently produced for use as contact pieces for low-voltage switchgear in power engineering, the contact pieces being solidified by sintering in air, hot compression, sintering and cold compression to form a practically non-porous material. Process technologies customary in the prior art are used for this purpose.
  • the outer areas of the former composite powder particles are grained with mixed oxide formation. In these areas there is a locally higher Bi 2 0 3 concentration than inside the particles.
  • the structure of a material produced in this way shows oxide deposits in two distributions: on the one hand, there are coarse oxide deposits on average with a diameter (d) of about 2 ⁇ m, and on the other hand fine oxide deposits with a diameter (d) of ⁇ 1 ⁇ m, the latter inside the Particles of the former composite powder are arranged.
  • the single figure shows a metallographic micrograph (400: 1) with the structure of one produced in this way Material from which the typical distribution of the mixed oxide precipitates can be seen.
  • 1 denotes the areas which have arisen from the alloy powder after internal oxidation.
  • the fine oxide precipitates 2 present in these areas have a diameter of ⁇ 1 ⁇ m and are essentially statistically distributed.
  • areas 3 with coarse oxide precipitates 4, which have an average diameter of approximately 2 ⁇ m.
  • An alloy of AgSnBiCu in the specified composition is melted from 91.02% fine silver grains, 5.19% tin grains, 3.21% metallic bismuth as fragments and 0.58% copper in rod form.
  • an alloy powder of the same composition is obtained.
  • the powder fraction is sieved to ⁇ 200 ⁇ m and this fraction is internally oxidized in an oxygen-containing atmosphere between 723 K and 873 K.
  • a composite powder AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuO of the composition in mass fractions of 89.31% Ag, 6.47% Sn0 2 , 3.51% Bi 2 0 3 and 0.71% CuO is obtained in this way.
  • a two-layer powder compact is immediately produced from the composite powder and is solidified by sintering, the residual porosity for suitable contact pieces being reduced by hot or cold compression.
  • Example 2 the structure of the material is very fine and uniform, with an average oxide excretion size of approximately 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the welding force of the contact materials produced according to the invention was determined in a test switch.
  • the measured values obtained essentially correspond to those of an AgCd012Bi 2 0 3 1.0 contact material produced from internally oxidized alloy powder.
  • service life and heating tests were carried out in motor contactors.
  • the key parameters are the AC4 service life of the contact pieces and the overtemperature of the current paths. Compared to the AgCdO12Bi 2 O 3 1.0 material, the lifespan switching numbers are about a factor of 2.4 higher, with higher temperatures only showing up to about 10 ° C.
  • the comparison values are compiled in the table.
  • the relative tin content is reduced, inter alia, by specifically increasing the bismuth content. This can be done either by adding Bi 2 0 3 powder separately to the IOLP or by increasing the bismuth content in the starting alloy before the oxidation.
  • the volume fraction of total metal oxide which is decisive for the property spectrum after quantitative internal oxidation remains in the predetermined range. In all cases, unexpectedly good results were found in the electrical switching behavior.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

Contact materials based on AgSnO2 and having Bi2O3 and CuO as further metal oxide additives were previously disclosed. In these materials the total content of all metal oxides was supposed to be between 10 and 25% by volume with the SnO2 share equal to or greater than 70% by volume of the total amount of oxide. According to this invention the quantity of SnO2 is kept smaller than 70% by volume; specifically at about 65%, but in any case equal to or greater than 50%. The SnO2 weight content is to be in the 4% to 8% range and the weight percentage ratio of SnO2 to CuO is to be between 8:1 and 12:1. In the associated production process, either Bi2O3 powder is purposely admixed to an internally oxidized alloy powder (IOAP) in an additional operation, a grain restructuring with locally different Bi2O3 concentrations occurring in the structure after sintering and compacting. Alternatively, higher bismuth percentages in the alloy powder can be worked with directly, which is again internally oxidized to an IOAP. From these starting materials two-layer sintered contact elements with a solderable silver layer can be efficiently produced.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Sinterkontaktwerkstoff für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte der Energietechnik aus AgSn02 mit Bi203 und CuO als weitere. Metalloxide und einem Volumenanteil an Summenmetalloxid zwischen 10 % und 25 %. Daneben bezieht sich die Erfindung auch auf spezielle Verfahren zur Herstellung des Werkstoffes.The invention relates to a sintered contact material for low-voltage switching devices in power engineering made of AgSn0 2 with Bi 2 0 3 and CuO as further. Metal oxides and a volume fraction of total metal oxide between 10% and 25%. In addition, the invention also relates to special processes for producing the material.

Ein Werkstoff der eingangs geannnten Art ist unter anderem Gegenstand der deutschen Patentanmeldung P 33 04 637.A material of the type mentioned above is the subject of German patent application P 33 04 637, among others.

Für die Niederspannungsschaltgeräte der Energietechnik, z.B. in Schützen oder Selbstschaltern, haben sich Kontaktwerkstoffe auf der Basis von Silber-Metalloxiden (AgMeO) als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. In der Vergangenheit wurde als Wirkkomponente insbesondere Cadmiumoxid verwendet, wobei speziell diese Kontaktwerkstoffe die gewünschten elektrisch-technologischen Eigenschaften erfüllen und sich im praktischen Langzeiteinsatz von Schaltgeräten bewährt haben. Da aber Cadmium bekanntermaßen zu den toxischen Schwermetallen zählt und beim Abbrand der Kontaktstücke CdO auch an die nähere Umgebung abgegeben wird, sind seit einiger Zeit Bestrebungen im Gange, das CdO möglichst vollständig durch andere Metalloxide zu ersetzen. Diese Werkstoffe sollen aber einen ebenso kleinen Abbrand im Lichtbogen, sowie geringe Schweißkraft und insbesondere geringe Erwärmung bei Dauerstromführung wie die bewährten AgCdO-Werkstoffe für Kontaktstücke aufweisen.Contact materials based on silver metal oxides (AgMeO) have proven to be particularly advantageous for low-voltage switchgear in energy technology, for example in contactors or circuit breakers. In the past, cadmium oxide in particular was used as the active component, with these contact materials in particular fulfilling the desired electrical-technological properties and having proven themselves in the long-term use of switching devices. However, since cadmium is known to be one of the toxic heavy metals and when the contact pieces burn off, CdO is also released to the surrounding area, efforts have been underway for some time to replace the CdO as completely as possible with other metal oxides. However, these materials should have an arc burn-up that is just as small, as well as low welding power and, in particular, low heating with continuous current flow, like the proven AgCdO materials for contact pieces.

Es wurde bisher versucht, das Cadmium durch Zinn oder Zink zu ersetzen. Die bekannten Vorschläge mit AgSn02 und AgZnO-Kontaktwerkstoffen konnten jedoch insgesamt nicht die hochwertigen Eigenschaften von AgCdO-Kontaktstücken erreichen. Insbesondere bei Kontaktstücken aus AgSnO2 als Alternativwerkstoff zu AgCdO hat sich gezeigt, daß dieser aufgrund seiner höheren thermischen Stabilität nach Lichtbogeneinwirkung durch Bildung von Oxiddeckschichten einen gegenüber AgCdO-erhöhten Übergangswiderstand aufweist. Dadurch treten im stromführenden Zustand des Schaltgerätes unzulässig hohe Übertemperaturen an den Schaltgliedern auf, die zu Schäden am Schaltgerät führen können. Andererseits weisen aber AgSnO2-Kontaktstücke gegenüber AgCdO einen geringeren Abbrand auf, was zu einer erhöhten Kontaktlebensdauer führt. Daher kann vorteilhaft die Größe der benötigten Kontaktstücke im Vergleich zu AgCdO verringert werden, wodurch eine nicht unerhebliche Silbereinsparung erzielt wird.So far, attempts have been made to replace the cadmium with tin or zinc. However, the known proposals with AgSn0 2 and AgZnO contact materials could not achieve the high-quality properties of A gCdO contact pieces overall. In particular in the case of contact pieces made of AgSnO 2 as an alternative material to AgCdO, it has been shown that this has a higher contact resistance than AgCdO due to its higher thermal stability after exposure to arcing due to the formation of oxide cover layers. As a result, inadmissibly high excess temperatures occur on the switching elements when the switching device is live, which can lead to damage to the switching device. On the other hand, however, AgSnO 2 contact pieces have a lower erosion than AgCdO, which leads to an increased contact life. Therefore, the size of the required contact pieces can advantageously be reduced in comparison to AgCdO, whereby a not inconsiderable saving in silver is achieved.

Mit der älteren Patentanmeldung P 33 04 637.9 wurde bereits ein neuer Sinterkontaktwerktoff für obigen Zweck auf der_Basis AgSnO2 offenbart, bei dem als weitere Metalloxide Bi203 und CuO sowie wahlweise CdO vorgesehen sind und der Volumenanteil an Summenmetalloxidzwischen 10% und 25 % mit einem SnO2-Volumenanteil ≥ 70 % der Gesamtoxidmenge beträgt. Dabei wird der Kontaktwerkstoff pulvermetallurgisch aus einem inneroxidierten Legierungspulver (sogenanntes IOLP) hergestellt. Für die cadmiumfreie Alternative ist speziell der Werkstoff folgender Zusammensetzung in Massenanteilen vonWith the older patent application P 33 04 637.9, a new sintered contact material for the above purpose based on the AgSnO 2 was already disclosed, in which Bi 2 0 3 and CuO and optionally CdO are provided as further metal oxides and the volume fraction of total metal oxide between 10% and 25% with one SnO 2 volume fraction is ≥ 70% of the total amount of oxide. The contact material is made by powder metallurgy from an internally oxidized alloy powder (so-called IOLP). For the cadmium-free alternative, the material with the following composition is particularly suitable in mass fractions of

87,95 % Ag, 9,97 % Sn02,0,98 % Bi203 und 1,10 % Cu0 als besonders vorteilhaft angegeben.87.95% Ag, 9.97% Sn0 2 , 0.98% Bi 2 0 3 and 1.10% Cu0 stated as particularly advantageous.

Erprobungen haben nun ergeben, daß der angegebene Werkstoff noch nicht voll den Bedürfnissen der Praxis genügt.Tests have now shown that the specified material does not yet fully meet the needs of practice.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen weiteren Werkstoff der Konstitution AgSnO2Bi2O3CuO für obengenannte Anwendung und zugehörige Herstellungsverfahren anzugeben.The object of the invention is therefore to specify a further material of the constitution AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuO for the above-mentioned application and associated manufacturing processes.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Sn02-Volumenanteil <70 % der Gesamtoxidmenge ist, wobei der Sn02-Massenanteil im Bereich zwischen 4 % und 8 % liegt und das Verhältnis der Massenanteile in % von Sn02 zu CuO zwischen 8:1 und 12:1 beträgt. Vorzugsweise beträgt der SnO2-Volumenanteil etwa 65 % der Gesamtoxidmenge, wobei er in jedem Fall wenigstens 50 % ist. Insbesondere haben sich Zusammensetzungen inMassenanteilen von entweder 6,33 % Sn02, 3,27 % Bi203, 0,72 % Cu0 oder 6,47 % Sn02, 3,51 % Bi203, 0,71 % CuO und als Rest jeweils Silber bewährt. Speziell im ersten Fall liegt das Wismutoxid zu 0,64 % im IOLP und zu 2,63 % als separates Oxid vor.The object is achieved in that the Sn0 2 volume fraction is <70% of the total amount of oxide, the Sn0 2 mass fraction in the range between 4% and 8% and the ratio of the mass fraction in% of Sn0 2 to CuO between 8: 1 and 12: 1. The volume of SnO 2 is preferably about 65% of the total amount of oxide, in any case being at least 50%. In particular, compositions have mass fractions of either 6.33% Sn0 2 , 3.27% Bi 2 0 3 , 0.72% Cu0 or 6.47% Sn0 2 , 3.51% Bi203, 0.71% CuO and the balance each proven silver. Especially in the first case, 0.64% of the bismuth oxide is present in the IOLP and 2.63% as a separate oxide.

Die vergleichsweise günstigen Eigenschaften von Werkstoffen der Konstitution AgSnO2Bi2O3CuO sind bereits seit einiger Zeit bekannt. Außer in der älteren Patentanmeldung P 33 04 637.9 werden solche Werkstoffe auch in der DE-OS 27 54 335 angegeben. Bei den dort beschriebenen Werkstoffen wird jedoch entweder ein vergleichsweise geringer Sn02-Anteil gewählt, der durchweg unter 4 % liegt, nur in einem Fall ein darüber liegender Zinnanteil. Bei diesem speziellen, der DE-OS 27 54 335 entnehmbaren Werkstoff (Beispiel 18) liegt der Sn-Massenanteil bei 6 %; jedoch ist in diesem Fall der Cu-Anteil so hoch, daß das Verhältnis der Massenanteile in % von Sn zu Cu bei 5:1 liegt.The comparatively favorable properties of materials of the constitution AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuO have been known for some time. In addition to the older patent application P 33 04 637.9, such materials are also specified in DE-OS 27 54 335. In the materials described there, however, either a comparatively low Sn0 2 content is chosen, which is consistently below 4%, in only one case an overlying tin content. In this special material (example 18), which can be found in DE-OS 27 54 335, the Sn mass fraction is 6%; however, in this case the Cu fraction is so high that the ratio of the mass fraction in% of Sn to Cu is 5: 1.

Daneben sind in der GB-A-20 55 398 Werkstoffe auf Silber-Metalloxidbasis beschrieben, zu deren Herstellung aus Legierungen Bleche erzeugt werden, welche anschließend inneroxidiert werden. Hier handelt es sich also nicht um pulvermetallurgisch hergestellte Werkstoffe, insbesondere nicht durch innere Oxidation von Legierungspulvern. Bei der GB-A-20 55 398 ist für die Ausgangslegierung unter anderem eine Zusammensetzung an Massenanteilen von 90,8 % Ag, 8,5 % .Sn, 0,2 % Bi und 0,5 % Cu angegeben. Ansonsten werden zu den Vierstoffsystemen immer noch weitere Komponenten hinzulegiert,beispielsweise Kobalt,Eisen od. Nickel.In addition, GB-A-20 55 398 describes materials based on silver metal oxide, for the production of which sheets are produced from alloys, which are subsequently oxidized internally. This means that these are not powder metallurgy materials, especially not by internal oxidation of alloy powders. In the GB-A-20 55 398, inter alia, a composition in mass fractions of 9 0, 8% Ag, 8.5% .sn, 0.2% Bi and 0.5% Cu is specified for the starting alloy. Otherwise, other components are still added to the four-component systems, for example cobalt, iron or nickel.

Vorliegender Erfindung lag nun die überraschende Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß der Sn02-Anteil an der Gesamtoxidmenge erniedrigt werden muß, um die Temperatureigenschaften weiter zu verbessern,und zwar so weit, daß dessen relativer Volumenanteil an der Gesamtoxidmenge unterhalb von 70 % liegt. Dazu wird auch der Bi203-Anteil am Werkstoff erheblich erhöht, so daß nunmehr das Verhältnis der Massenanteile von SnO2 zu Bi203 zwischen 1 und 3 liegt.The present invention was based on the surprising finding that the Sn0 2 portion of the total amount of oxide must be reduced in order to further improve the temperature properties, to the extent that its relative volume fraction of the total amount of oxide is below 70%. For this purpose, the Bi 2 0 3 proportion in the material is increased considerably, so that the ratio of the mass fractions of SnO 2 to Bi 2 0 3 is now between 1 and 3.

Beim Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffes wird ein Legierungspulver vorgegebener Zusammensetzung inneroxidiert. Dabei kann aber vorzugsweise derart vorgegangen werden, daß zunächst in an sich bekannter Weise eine Legierung mit vergleichsweise geringem Wismutanteil hergestellt wird und nach der Oxidation dem inneroxidierten Legierungspulver ein separates Pulver aus Bi203 hinzugefügt wird. Dadurch entsteht ein ganz spezifisches Gefüge mit unterschiedlichen Oxidteilchengrößen, wobei eine Umkörnung unter Bildung von Mischoxiden erfolgt. Durch unterschiedliche Bi203-Verteilungen können die elektrischen Eigenschaften weiter vorteilhaft beeinflußt werden.In the process for producing the material according to the invention, an alloy powder of a predetermined composition is internally oxidized. However, the procedure can preferably be such that an alloy with a comparatively small amount of bismuth is first produced in a manner known per se and, after the oxidation, a separate powder of Bi 2 0 3 is added to the internally oxidized alloy powder. This creates a very specific structure with different oxide particle sizes, with re-granulation taking place to form mixed oxides. By different Bi 2 0 3 distributions can further advantageously influence the electrical properties.

Alternativ dazu kann der erfindungsgemäße Sinterkontaktwerkstoff aber auch dadurch hergestellt werden, daß als Ausgangsmaterial Legierungspulver mit entsprechend hoher Wismutkonzentration verwendet wird, aus dem ein vollständig inneroxidiertes Verbundpulver erzeugbar ist.Alternatively, the sintered contact material according to the invention can also be produced by using alloy powder with a correspondingly high bismuth concentration as the starting material, from which a completely internally oxidized composite powder can be produced.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung zweier Ausführungsbeispiele. Zur Herstellung der Sinterkontaktwerkstoffe werden jeweils die Massenanteile der einzelnen Komponenten in % angegeben, woraus sich die Volumenanteile der Oxide aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Dichten ergeben.Further details and advantages of the invention result from the description of two exemplary embodiments. For the production of the sintered contact materials, the mass fractions of the individual components are given in%, from which the volume fractions of the oxides result from the different densities.

Beispiel 1example 1

Aus 93,60 % Feinsilberkörnern, 5,20 % Zinnkörnern, 0,60 % metallischem Wismut als Bruchstücke und 0,60 % Kupfer in Stangenform wird eine Legierung aus AgSnBiCu in der angegebenen Zusammensetzung bei 1353 K erschmolzen. Durch Zerstäuben der Schmelze in Wasser in einer Druckverdüsungsanlage wird daraus ein gleich zusammengesetztes Legierungspulver erhalten. Nach dem Trocknen wird der Pulveranteil auf < 200µm abgesiebt. Dieser Anteil wird in sauerstoffhaltiger Atmosphäre zwischen 773 K und 872 K inneroxidiert, wonach ein Verbundpulver aus AgSnO2Bi203CuO der Zusammensetzung an Massenanteilen von 92,10 % Ag, 6,5 % Sn02, 0,66 % Bi203 und 0,74 % CuO erhalten wird. Ein solches Verbundpulver ist quantitativ inneroxidiert und wird als sogenanntes IOLP bezeichnet.An alloy of AgSnBiCu is melted in the specified composition at 1353 K from 93.60% fine silver grains, 5.20% tin grains, 0.60% metallic bismuth as fragments and 0.60% copper in rod form. By atomizing the melt in water in a pressure atomization system, an alloy powder of the same composition is obtained. After drying, the powder portion is sieved to <200 µm. This portion is internally oxidized in an oxygen-containing atmosphere between 773 K and 872 K, after which a composite powder of AgSnO 2 Bi 2 0 3 CuO of the composition in mass fractions of 92.10% Ag, 6.5% Sn0 2 , 0.66% Bi 2 0 3 and 0.74% CuO is obtained. Such a composite powder is quantitatively internally oxidized and is referred to as IOLP.

Dem angegebenen AgSn02Bi203Cu0-Verbundpulver wurde ein Mein Massenanteilen talloxidzusatzjvon 2,7 % Bi203,bezogen auf das Verbundpulver,durch Naßmischen unter Propanol in einer Rührwerkskugelmühle unter Verwendung von Stahlkugeln zugesetzt. Nach dem Trocknen wurden die Stahlkugeln von der Pulvermischung aus Verbundpulver und Wismutoxidpulver durch Absieben getrennt. Die Zusammensetzung des Ausgangsmaterials für den Kontaktwerkstoff (Verbundpulver und Wismutoxid) beträgt dann in Massenanteilen 89,68 % Ag, 6,33 % SnO2, 3,27 % Bi203 und 0,72 % CuO.The specified AgSn0 2 Bi 2 0 3 Cu0 composite powder was a My mass proportions talloxidzusatzj of 2.7% Bi 2 0 3 , based on the composite powder, by wet mixing under propanol in an agitator ball grinder added using steel balls. After drying, the steel balls were separated from the powder mixture of composite powder and bismuth oxide powder by sieving. The composition of the starting material for the contact material (composite powder and bismuth oxide) is then in mass fractions 89.68% Ag, 6.33% SnO 2 , 3.27% Bi 2 0 3 and 0.72% CuO.

Aus dem so erzeugten Ausgangsmaterial werden zur Verwendung als Kontaktstücke für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte der Energietechnik zweckmäßigerweise Zwei-Schichten-Formteile mit einer lötfähigen Silberschicht gefertigt, wobei die Verfestigung der Kontaktstücke durch Sintern an Luft, Warmverdichten, Sintern und Kaltverdichten zu einem praktisch porenfreien Werkstoff erfolgt. Dazu werden vom Stand der Technik übliche Verfahrenstechnologien benutzt.From the starting material thus produced, two-layer molded parts with a solderable silver layer are expediently produced for use as contact pieces for low-voltage switchgear in power engineering, the contact pieces being solidified by sintering in air, hot compression, sintering and cold compression to form a practically non-porous material. Process technologies customary in the prior art are used for this purpose.

Beim Sintern des Werkstoffes erfolgt eine Umkörnung der äußeren Bereiche der ehemaligen Verbundpulverteilchen unter Mischoxidbildung. In diesen Bereichen ergibt sich also eine lokal höhere Bi203-Konzentration als im Innern der Teilchen.When the material is sintered, the outer areas of the former composite powder particles are grained with mixed oxide formation. In these areas there is a locally higher Bi 2 0 3 concentration than inside the particles.

Das Gefüge eines solchermaßen hergestellten Werkstoffes zeigt Oxidausscheidungen in zwei Verteilungen: Einerseits ergeben sich grobe Oxidausscheidungen im Mittel mit einem Durchmesser (d) von etwa 2 µm, und andererseits feine Oxidausscheidungen mit einem Durchmesser (d) von < 1 µm, wobei letztere im Innern der Teilchen des ehemaligen Verbundpulvers angeordnet sind.The structure of a material produced in this way shows oxide deposits in two distributions: on the one hand, there are coarse oxide deposits on average with a diameter (d) of about 2 µm, and on the other hand fine oxide deposits with a diameter (d) of <1 µm, the latter inside the Particles of the former composite powder are arranged.

Die einzige Figur zeigt ein metallographisches Schliffbild (400:1) mit dem Gefüge eines solchermaßen hergestellten Werkstoffes, woraus die typische Verteilung der Mischoxidausscheidungen ersichtlich ist. In der FIG bedeuten 1 jeweils die Bereiche,die aus dem Legierungspulver nach innerer Oxidation entstanden sind. Die in diesen Bereichen vorhandenen feinen Oxidausscheidungen 2 haben einen Durchmesser von <1 µm, und sind im wesentlichen statistisch verteilt. Zwischen den Bereichen 1 liegen Bereiche 3 mit groben Oxidausscheidungen 4, die im Mittel einen Durchmesser von etwa 2 µm aufweisen.The single figure shows a metallographic micrograph (400: 1) with the structure of one produced in this way Material from which the typical distribution of the mixed oxide precipitates can be seen. In the FIG, 1 denotes the areas which have arisen from the alloy powder after internal oxidation. The fine oxide precipitates 2 present in these areas have a diameter of <1 μm and are essentially statistically distributed. Between areas 1 there are areas 3 with coarse oxide precipitates 4, which have an average diameter of approximately 2 μm.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Aus 91,02 % Feinsilberkörnern, 5,19 % Zinnkörnern, 3,21 % metallischem Wismut als Bruchstücke und 0,58 % Kupfer in Stangenform wird eine Legierung aus AgSnBiCu in der angegebenen Zusammensetzung erschmolzen. Durch Zerstäuben der Schmelzen mit Wasser in einer Druckverdüsungsanlage wird daraus ein gleich zusammengesetztes Legierungspulver erhalten. Nach dem Trocknen wird der Pulveranteil auf < 200 um abgesiebt und dieser Anteil in sauerstoffhaltiger Atmosphäre zwischen 723 K und 873 K inneroxidiert. Es wird so ein Verbundpulver AgSnO2Bi2O3CuO der Zusammensetzung an Massenanteilen von 89,31 % Ag, 6,47 % Sn02, 3,51 % Bi203 und 0,71 % CuO erhalten.An alloy of AgSnBiCu in the specified composition is melted from 91.02% fine silver grains, 5.19% tin grains, 3.21% metallic bismuth as fragments and 0.58% copper in rod form. By atomizing the melts with water in a pressure atomization system, an alloy powder of the same composition is obtained. After drying, the powder fraction is sieved to <200 μm and this fraction is internally oxidized in an oxygen-containing atmosphere between 723 K and 873 K. A composite powder AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuO of the composition in mass fractions of 89.31% Ag, 6.47% Sn0 2 , 3.51% Bi 2 0 3 and 0.71% CuO is obtained in this way.

Aus dem Verbundpulver wird unmittelbar ein Zweischichten-Pulverpreßkörper hergestellt, der durch Sintern verfestigt wird, wobei durch Warm- bzw. Kaltverdichten die Restporösität für geeignete Kontaktstücke herabgesetzt wird.A two-layer powder compact is immediately produced from the composite powder and is solidified by sintering, the residual porosity for suitable contact pieces being reduced by hot or cold compression.

Beim Beispiel 2 ist das Gefüge des Werkstoffes sehr fein und gleichmäßig, wobei eine mittlere Oxidausscheidungsgröße von etwa 1,5 µm vorliegt.In Example 2, the structure of the material is very fine and uniform, with an average oxide excretion size of approximately 1.5 μm.

Von den erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Kontaktwerkstoffen wurde in einem Prüfschalter die Schweißkraft ermittelt. Die erhaltenen Meßwerte entsprechen im wesentlichen denen eines aus inneroxidierten Legierungspulver hergestellten AgCd012Bi2031,0-Kontaktwerkstoffes. Darüber hinaus wurden in Motorschützen Lebensdauer- und Erwärmungsprüfungen durchgeführt. Wesentliche Kenngrößen sind dabei die AC4-Lebensdauerschaltzahl der Kontaktstücke und die übertemperatur der Strombahnen. Im Vergleich zum AgCdO12Bi2O31,0-Werkstoff liegen die Lebensdauerschaltzahlen um etwa den Faktor 2,4 höher, wobei sich bei den übertemperaturen lediglich bis etwa 10 °C höhere Werte ergaben.The welding force of the contact materials produced according to the invention was determined in a test switch. The measured values obtained essentially correspond to those of an AgCd012Bi 2 0 3 1.0 contact material produced from internally oxidized alloy powder. In addition, service life and heating tests were carried out in motor contactors. The key parameters are the AC4 service life of the contact pieces and the overtemperature of the current paths. Compared to the AgCdO12Bi 2 O 3 1.0 material, the lifespan switching numbers are about a factor of 2.4 higher, with higher temperatures only showing up to about 10 ° C.

In der Tabelle sind die Vergleichswerte zusammengestellt.The comparison values are compiled in the table.

Bei der Erfindung wird unter anderem der relative Zinngehalt dadurch erniedrigt, daß insbesondere der Wismutgehalt gezielt vermehrt wurde. Dies kann entweder durch separaten Zusatz von Bi203-Pulver zum IOLP oder auch durch Erhöhung des Wismutanteils in der Ausgangslegierung vor der Oxidation erfolgen. Dabei bleibt der für das Eigenschaftsspektrum maßgebende Volumenanteil an Summenmetalloxid nach quantitativer innerer Oxidation im vorgegebenen Bereich. In allen Fällen wurden unerwartet gute Ergebnisse im elektrischen Schaltverhalten gefunden.In the invention, the relative tin content is reduced, inter alia, by specifically increasing the bismuth content. This can be done either by adding Bi 2 0 3 powder separately to the IOLP or by increasing the bismuth content in the starting alloy before the oxidation. The volume fraction of total metal oxide which is decisive for the property spectrum after quantitative internal oxidation remains in the predetermined range. In all cases, unexpectedly good results were found in the electrical switching behavior.

13 Patentansprüche13 claims 1 Figur1 figure

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0001

Claims (13)

1. Sinterkontaktwerkstoff für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte der Energietechnik aus AgSnO2 mit Bi203 und CuO als weitere Metalloxide und einem Volumenanteil an Summenmetalloxid zwischen 10%und 25 %,dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der SnO2-Volumenanteil < 70 % der Gesamtoxidmenge ist, wobei der SnO2-Massenanteil im Bereich zwischen 4 % und 8 % liegt und das Verhältnis der Massenanteile in % von Sn02 zu CuO zwischen 8:1 und 12:1 beträgt.1. Sintered contact material for low-voltage switchgear from AgSnO 2 with Bi 2 0 3 and CuO as further metal oxides and a volume fraction of sum metal oxide between 10% and 25%, characterized in that the SnO 2 volume fraction is <70% of the total amount of oxide, the SnO 2 mass fraction is in the range between 4% and 8% and the ratio of the mass fractions in% of Sn0 2 to CuO is between 8: 1 and 12: 1. 2. Sinterkontaktwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Volumenanteil an Sn02 ≥ 50 % der Gesamtoxidmenge ist.2. Sintered contact material according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume fraction of Sn0 2 ≥ 50% of the total amount of oxide. 3. Sinterkontaktwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Volumenanteil an SnO2 etwa 65 % der Gesamtoxidmenge beträgt.3. sintered contact material according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume fraction of SnO 2 is about 65% of the total amount of oxide. 4. Sinterkontaktwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Verhältnis der Massenanteile in % von SnO2 zu CuO etwa 9:1 beträgt.4. sintered contact material according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the mass fractions in% of SnO 2 to CuO is about 9: 1. 5. Sinterkontaktwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Verhältnis der Massenanteile in % von SnO2 zu Bi203 zwischen 1:1 und 3:1 liegt.5. Sintered contact material according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the mass fractions in% of SnO 2 to Bi 2 0 3 is between 1: 1 and 3: 1. 6. Sinterkontaktwerkstoff nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet , daß das Verhältnis der Massenanteile in % von SnO2 zu Bi203 etwa 9:5 beträgt.6. sintered contact material according to claim 5, characterized in that the ratio of the mass fractions in% of SnO 2 to Bi 2 0 3 is about 9: 5. 7. Sinterkontaktwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß er in Massenanteilen 6,33 % Sn02 0,64 % Bi203, 0,72 % Cu0 und zusätzlich 2,63 % Bi203 enthält, wobei der Rest Silber ist und im Gefüge des Werkstoffes lokal unterschiedliche Wismutoxid-Konzentrationen vorliegen.7. sintered contact material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 6.33% Sn0 2 0.64% Bi203, 0.72% Cu0 and additionally 2.63% Bi 2 0 3 in mass proportions, the rest being silver and im The structure of the material has locally different bismuth oxide concentrations. 8. Sinterkontaktwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß er in Massenanteilen 6,47% SnO2, 3,51 % Bi2O3, 0,71 % CuO und als Rest Silber enthält.8. Sintered contact material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 6.47% SnO 2 , 3.51% Bi 2 O 3 , 0.71% CuO and the balance silver. 9. Verfahren zum Herstellen eins Sinterkontaktwerkstoffes der Konstitution AgSn02Bi203Cu0 nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der durch aufeinanderfolgendes, gegebenenfalls mehrmaliges Sintern, Warmverdichten und/oder Kaltverdichten weitgehend porenfrei zur Fertigung von Kontaktstücken erzeugt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Ausgangsmaterial Legierungspulver vorgegebener Zusammensetzung verwendet werden, aus denen durch innere Oxidation ein quantitativ oxidiertes Verbundpulver (sogenanntes IOLP) erzeugt wird.9. A method for producing a sintered contact material of the constitution AgSn0 2 Bi 2 0 3 Cu0 according to any one of the preceding claims, which is largely pore-free for the production of contact pieces by successive, possibly multiple sintering, hot compression and / or cold compression, characterized in that as the starting material alloy powder of predetermined composition are used, from which erbundpulver by internal oxidation, a oxidized quantitatively V (so-called IOLP) is generated. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einem inneroxidierten Legierungspulver (IOLP) vorgegebener Zusammensetzung ein separat erzeugtes Pulver aus Bi203 hinzugefügt wird.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that an internally oxidized alloy powder (IOLP) predetermined composition, a separately produced powder of Bi 2 0 3 is added. 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ausgangsstoffe der Zusammensetzung in Massenanteilen von 93,60 % Feinsilber, 5,2 % Zinn, 0,60 % metallischen Wismut und 0,6 Masse-% Kupfer erschmolzen und druckverdüst werden, wobei dem Legierungspulver nach vollständiger innerer Oxidation ein Metalloxidzusatz von 2,63 % Bi203 durch Naßmischen in einer Rührwerksmühle zugesetzt wird.11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the starting materials of the composition in mass fractions of 93.60% fine silver, 5.2% tin, 0.60% metallic bismuth and 0.6% by mass of copper are melted and pressure-atomized, a metal oxide additive of 2.63% Bi 2 0 3 being added to the alloy powder after complete internal oxidation by wet mixing in an agitator mill. 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11. dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß beim Naßmischen organische Lösungsmittel, beispielsweise Propanol, verwendet werden.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that organic solvents, for example propanol, are used in wet mixing. 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Legierungspulver der Zusammensetzung in Massenanteilen von 91,02 % Feinsilber, 5,19 % Zinn, 3,21 % metallischem Wismut und 0,58 % Kupfer erschmolzen wird und nach Druckverdüsen der Schmelze durch vollständige innere Oxidation der Legierungspulver das Ausgangsmaterial erzeugt wird.13. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that an alloy powder of the composition is melted in proportions by mass of 91.02% fine silver, 5.19% tin, 3.21% metallic bismuth and 0.58% copper and after pressure atomization of the melt complete internal oxidation of the alloy powder the starting material is generated.
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EP0369282A2 (en) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sintered contact material in low-tension switchgear, particularly for contactors
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EP0369282A2 (en) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sintered contact material in low-tension switchgear, particularly for contactors
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