EP0118708B1 - Sintered contact material for low-tension switchgear - Google Patents

Sintered contact material for low-tension switchgear Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0118708B1
EP0118708B1 EP84100927A EP84100927A EP0118708B1 EP 0118708 B1 EP0118708 B1 EP 0118708B1 EP 84100927 A EP84100927 A EP 84100927A EP 84100927 A EP84100927 A EP 84100927A EP 0118708 B1 EP0118708 B1 EP 0118708B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
mass content
cdo
contact material
contact
content
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Expired
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EP84100927A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0118708A1 (en
Inventor
Horst Prof. Dr. Schreiner
Bernhard Rothkegel
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H01H1/02372—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te
    • H01H1/02376—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides containing as major components one or more oxides of the following elements only: Cd, Sn, Zn, In, Bi, Sb or Te containing as major component SnO2
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • B22F2009/0828—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a contact material for low-voltage switchgear in power engineering based on AgSn0 2 with further metal oxide additives.
  • contact materials based on AgCdO with CdO as the main active component have proven to be particularly advantageous. These contact materials show a small erosion in the arc, a low welding force and a low heating with continuous current supply.
  • a contact material is known from GB-A-20 55 398. by oxidation of a plated alloy sheet with 3 to 15% by weight of tin. 0.01 to 1% by weight bismuth and 0.1 to 8.5% by weight Cu is produced.
  • DE-A-27 54 335 discloses an electrical contact material based on silver metal oxide, in which 1.5 to 6% by weight bismuth oxide and 0.1 to 6% by weight tin oxide, based on the total amount of oxide, are present should be.
  • copper oxide or zinc oxide can also be present, but bismuth oxide and tin oxide always dominate and are of the same order of magnitude.
  • the object is achieved in that the material as sintered material consists of AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuOCdO and that the total metal oxide content is between 10 and 25 vol .-% with a SnO 2 content ⁇ 70 vol .-% of the total amount of oxide and with a Bi 2 0 3 content between 0.5 and 2% mass content, a CuO content between 0.5 and 1.5% mass content and a CdO content between 0.05 and 2% mass content.
  • a first material according to the invention can have an Ag mass content of 87.89%, an SnO 2 mass content of 9.92%, a Bi 2 0 3 mass content of 1.1%, a CuO mass content of 1.2% and a CdO Mass content of 0.3% and a second material according to the invention an Ag mass content of 81.42%, an SnO z mass content of 13.09%, a Bi 2 O 3 mass content of 2.0%, a CuO mass content of 1.5 % and a CdO mass content of 2.0%.
  • Molded bodies are compacted from the dried powder mixture with 300 MPa.
  • a second powder layer e.g. B. from pure silver to a two-layer compact. Sintering takes place at 850 ° C for one hour in air.
  • the contact pieces are compacted by hot pressing at 650 ° C with 800 MPa. To achieve a further heat treatment at 850 ° C for half an hour in air or nitrogen and a subsequent further cold or warm compression.
  • An alloy of AgSnBiCuCd with 90.06% mass content Ag, 7.67% mass content Sn, 1.01% mass content Bi, 0.98% mass content Cu and 0.27% mass content Cd becomes a particle size powder ⁇ 200 ⁇ , e.g. B. produced by pressure atomization with water.
  • a composite powder made of AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuOCdO with 87.89% mass content Ag, 9.92% mass content Sn0 2 , 1.1% mass content Bi 2 O 3 , 1.2% mass content CuO and 0.3 % Mass content of CdO obtained.
  • the internal oxidation is during a Annealing treatment carried out in air between 500 and 800 ° C.
  • a two-layer powder compact is produced from the composite powder as in Example 1.
  • the compact is solidified by sintering and the residual porosity of the contact piece is reduced by hot or cold post-compression.
  • the contact quality achieved in this way also has the same good contact properties with the same composition as in Example 1.
  • a micrograph shows the uniform globular oxide deposits in the silver base metal.

Abstract

Electrical contact materials based on AgCdO with CdO as the main active component have proven to be particularly advantageous for low voltage switchgear in the power industry. However, when switching AgCdO contact materials, CdO, which is classified as toxic, can escape into the environment through burn-off. It is important, therefore, to keep the CdO content as low as possible in the contact material, or to exclude it completely. The contact material according to the invention is a sintered contact material consisting of AgSnO2 with at least two other metal oxide additives; namely, Bi2O3, CuO and optionally CdO. Relative to SnO2, these additives Bi2O3, CuO optionally CdO, amount quantitatively to a total maximum of 25 percent by volume of the total amount of oxide.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Kontaktwerkstoff für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte der Energietechnik auf AgSn02-Basis mit weiteren Metalloxidzusätzen.The invention relates to a contact material for low-voltage switchgear in power engineering based on AgSn0 2 with further metal oxide additives.

Für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte der Energietechnik, z. B. in Schützen oder Selbstschaltern, haben sich Kontaktwerkstoffe auf der Basis AgCdO mit CdO als Hauptwirkkomponente als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. Diese Kontaktwerkstoffe zeigen einen kleinen Abbrand im Lichtbogen, eine kleine Schweißkraft und eine niedrige Erwärmung bei Dauerstromführung.For low-voltage switchgear in power engineering, e.g. B. in contactors or circuit breakers, contact materials based on AgCdO with CdO as the main active component have proven to be particularly advantageous. These contact materials show a small erosion in the arc, a low welding force and a low heating with continuous current supply.

Da beim Schalten aus Kontaktstücken, die aus AgCdO-Kontaktwerkstoffen bestehen, über den Abbrand CdO in die Umwelt gelangen kann und CdO als toxischer Werkstoff eingestuft ist, wird angestrebt. Kontaktwerkstoffe mit anderen Hauptmetalloxidzusätzen, wie Sn02, ZnO. In203, CuO usw.. zu ersetzen. Kontaktwerkstoffe aus AgSn02 ohne weitere Metalloxidzusätze konnten nicht alle Forderungen an die Kontakteigenschaften erfüllen. Es sind AgSn02-Kontaktwerkstoffe mit weiteren Metalloxidzusätzen, wie beispielsweise In2O3, Bi2O3, vorgeschlagen worden. Aus der GB-A-20 55 398 ist ein Kontaktwerkstoff bekannt. der durch Oxidation eines plattierten Legierungsbleches mit 3 bis 15 Gew.-% Zinn. 0.01 bis 1 Gew.- % Wismut und 0,1 bis 8,5 Gew.-% Cu hergestellt ist.Since switching from contact pieces made of AgCdO contact materials, CdO can escape into the environment through the erosion and CdO is classified as a toxic material. Contact materials with other main metal oxide additives, such as Sn0 2 , ZnO. To replace in 2 0 3 , CuO etc. Contact materials made of AgSn0 2 without additional metal oxide additives could not meet all requirements regarding the contact properties. AgSn0 2 contact materials with other metal oxide additives, such as In 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , have been proposed. A contact material is known from GB-A-20 55 398. by oxidation of a plated alloy sheet with 3 to 15% by weight of tin. 0.01 to 1% by weight bismuth and 0.1 to 8.5% by weight Cu is produced.

Daneben ist aus der DE-A-27 54 335 ein elektrischer Kontaktwerkstoff auf Silber-Metalloxidbasis bekannt, bei dem 1,5 bis 6 Gew.-% Wismutoxid und 0,1 bis 6 Gew.-% Zinnoxid, bezogen auf die Gesamtoxidmenge, vorhanden sein sollen. Zusätzlich kann auch Kupferoxid oder Zinkoxid vorhanden sein, wobei aber immer Wismutoxid und Zinnoxid dominieren und in der gleichen Größenordnung liegen.In addition, DE-A-27 54 335 discloses an electrical contact material based on silver metal oxide, in which 1.5 to 6% by weight bismuth oxide and 0.1 to 6% by weight tin oxide, based on the total amount of oxide, are present should be. In addition, copper oxide or zinc oxide can also be present, but bismuth oxide and tin oxide always dominate and are of the same order of magnitude.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bekannten AgSnO2-Werkstoffe mit weiteren Metalloxidzusätzen zu kombinieren, wobei die Konzentration der weiteren Metalloxidzusätze, d. h. insbesondere der Gehalt an toxischen Werkstoffen niedriger sein soll und trotzdem ähnlich gute Schalteigenschaften wie bei AgCdO-Werkstoffen erreicht werden.The invention is based on the object of combining the known AgSnO 2 materials with further metal oxide additives, the concentration of the further metal oxide additives, ie in particular the content of toxic materials, being lower and nevertheless achieving switching properties which are similar to those of AgCdO materials.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Werkstoff als Sinterwerkstoff aus AgSnO2Bi2O3CuOCdO besteht und daß der Summenmetalloxidgehalt zwischen 10 und 25 Vol.-% beträgt mit einem SnO2-Anteil ≥ 70 Vol.-% der Gesamtoxidmenge und mit einem Bi203-Anteil zwischen 0,5 und 2%-Massengehalt, einem CuO-Anteil zwischen 0,5 und 1,5 %-Massengehalt und einem CdO-Anteil zwischen 0,05 und 2 %-Massengehalt.According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the material as sintered material consists of AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuOCdO and that the total metal oxide content is between 10 and 25 vol .-% with a SnO 2 content ≥ 70 vol .-% of the total amount of oxide and with a Bi 2 0 3 content between 0.5 and 2% mass content, a CuO content between 0.5 and 1.5% mass content and a CdO content between 0.05 and 2% mass content.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich ein Summenmetalloxidgehalt zwischen 15 bis 20 Vol.-% erwiesen. Insbesondere kann ein erster erfindungsgemäßer Werkstoff einen Ag-Massengehalt von 87.89 %, einen Sn02-Massengehalt von 9,92 %, einen Bi203-Massengehalt von 1,1 %, einen CuO-Massengehalt von 1,2 % und einen CdO-Massengehalt von 0,3 % und ein zweiter erfindungsgemäßer Werkstoff einen Ag-Massengehalt von 81,42%, einen SnOz-Massengehalt von 13,09 %, einen Bi2O3-Massengehalt von 2.0 %, einen CuO-Massengehalt von 1.5 % und einen CdO-Massengehalt von 2.0 %, haben.A total metal oxide content between 15 to 20% by volume has proven to be particularly advantageous. In particular, a first material according to the invention can have an Ag mass content of 87.89%, an SnO 2 mass content of 9.92%, a Bi 2 0 3 mass content of 1.1%, a CuO mass content of 1.2% and a CdO Mass content of 0.3% and a second material according to the invention an Ag mass content of 81.42%, an SnO z mass content of 13.09%, a Bi 2 O 3 mass content of 2.0%, a CuO mass content of 1.5 % and a CdO mass content of 2.0%.

Anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen wird das Herstellen des Werkstoffes und des daraus zu fertigenden Kontaktstückes gemäß der Erfindung näher erläutert.The manufacture of the material and the contact piece to be produced therefrom according to the invention is explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments.

Beispiel 1example 1

Herstellen eines Sinterkontaktwerkstoffes aus AgSnO2Bi2O3CuOCdO und des Kontaktstückes.Manufacture of a sintered contact material from AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuOCdO and the contact piece.

Aus 81,42 %-Massengehalt Elektrolyse- oder Fällungssilberpulver und feinen Metalloxidpulvern aus 13,09 %-Massengehalt Sn02, 2,0 %-Massengehalt Bi203, 1,5 %-Massengehalt CuO und 2,0 %-Massengehalt CdO wird ein Pulver durch Naßmischen und Sieben der Teilchengröße < 200 µm hergestellt.From 81.42% mass content of electrolysis or precipitation silver powder and fine metal oxide powders from 13.09% mass content Sn0 2 , 2.0% mass content Bi 2 0 3 , 1.5% mass content CuO and 2.0% mass content CdO a powder is produced by wet mixing and sieving the particle size <200 microns.

Aus der getrockneten Pulvermischung werden mit 300 MPa Formkörper verdichtet. Um eine einwandfreie Verbindung der Kontaktstücke mit einem Träger sicherzustellen ist es zweckmäßig, die Kontaktschicht mit einer zweiten Pulverschicht, z. B. aus Reinsilber, zu einem Zweischichten-Preßkörper zu verdichten. Die Sinterung erfolgt bei 850 °C während einer Stunde an Luft. Durch Warmnachpressen bei 650 °C mit 800 MPa werden die Kontaktstücke verdichtet. Eine weitere Wärmebehandlung bei 850 °C während einer halben Stunde an Luft oder Stickstoff und eine darauf folgende weitere Kalt- oder Warmverdichtung zu erreichen.Molded bodies are compacted from the dried powder mixture with 300 MPa. In order to ensure a perfect connection of the contact pieces with a carrier, it is expedient to coat the contact layer with a second powder layer, e.g. B. from pure silver to a two-layer compact. Sintering takes place at 850 ° C for one hour in air. The contact pieces are compacted by hot pressing at 650 ° C with 800 MPa. To achieve a further heat treatment at 850 ° C for half an hour in air or nitrogen and a subsequent further cold or warm compression.

Die Kontakteigenschaften dieser Kontaktstücke wurden auf einem Prüfschalter gemessen und mit einer sehr guten AgCdO-Qualität verglichen. Bei vergleichbaren Abbrandwerten wurden eine etwas günstigere Erwärmung (10% niedrigerer Kontaktwiderstand) und eine etwa um 15 % niedrigere Schweißkraft erreicht.The contact properties of these contact pieces were measured on a test switch and compared with a very good AgCdO quality. With comparable burn-up values, a somewhat cheaper heating (10% lower contact resistance) and an approximately 15% lower welding force were achieved.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Herstellen eines Sinterkontaktwerkstoffes aus AgSnO2Bi2O3CuOCdO und des Kontaktstückes.Manufacture of a sintered contact material from AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuOCdO and the contact piece.

Aus einer Legierung aus AgSnBiCuCd mit 90,06 %-Massengehalt Ag, 7,67 %-Massengehalt Sn, 1,01 %-Massengehalt Bi, 0,98 %-Massengehalt Cu und 0,27 %-Massengehalt Cd wird ein Pulver der Teilchengröße < 200 µ, z. B. durch Druckverdüsen mit Wasser, hergestellt. Durch innere Oxidation des Legierungspulvers wird ein Verbundpulver aus AgSnO2Bi2O3CuOCdO mit 87.89 %-Massengehalt Ag, 9.92 %-Massengehalt Sn02, 1,1 %-Massengehalt Bi2O3, 1.2 %-Massengehalt CuO und 0,3 %-Massengehalt CdO erhalten. Die innere Oxidation wird während einer Glühbehandlung an Luft zwischen 500 und 800 °C durchgeführt. Dabei wird die Zeit so gewählt, daß eine vollständige innere Oxidation erreicht wird. Aus dem Verbundpulver wird wie bei Beispiel 1 ein Zweischichten-Pulverpreßkörper hergestellt. Durch Sintern wird der Preßkörper verfestigt und durch Warm- bzw. Kaltnachverdichten wird die Restporosität des Kontaktstückes herabgesetzt. Auch die so erreichte Kontaktqualität hat bei gleicher Zusammensetzung wie im Beispiel 1 die gleich guten Kontakteigenschaften. Ein Gefügebild zeigt die gleichmäßig globularen Oxidausscheidungen im Silbergrundmetall.An alloy of AgSnBiCuCd with 90.06% mass content Ag, 7.67% mass content Sn, 1.01% mass content Bi, 0.98% mass content Cu and 0.27% mass content Cd becomes a particle size powder <200 µ, e.g. B. produced by pressure atomization with water. By internal oxidation of the alloy powder, a composite powder made of AgSnO 2 Bi 2 O 3 CuOCdO with 87.89% mass content Ag, 9.92% mass content Sn0 2 , 1.1% mass content Bi 2 O 3 , 1.2% mass content CuO and 0.3 % Mass content of CdO obtained. The internal oxidation is during a Annealing treatment carried out in air between 500 and 800 ° C. The time is chosen so that complete internal oxidation is achieved. A two-layer powder compact is produced from the composite powder as in Example 1. The compact is solidified by sintering and the residual porosity of the contact piece is reduced by hot or cold post-compression. The contact quality achieved in this way also has the same good contact properties with the same composition as in Example 1. A micrograph shows the uniform globular oxide deposits in the silver base metal.

Die Silber-Zinnoxid-Kontaktwerkstoffe mit den speziellen Oxidzusätzen Bi203, CuO und CdO gemäß der Erfindung stellen eine aus der Vielzahl der Möglichkeiten spezielle Werkstoffauswahl bei ganz bestimmter Zusammensetzung dar. Gegenüber den Kontaktwerkstoffen mit CdO als einzigem Oxidzusatz konnte der CdO-Gehalt um 1 bis 2 Größenordnungen gesenkt werden.The silver-tin oxide contact materials with the special oxide additives Bi 2 0 3 , CuO and CdO according to the invention represent a selection of materials from a multitude of possibilities with a very specific composition. Compared to the contact materials with CdO as the only oxide additive, the CdO content could Can be reduced by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude.

Claims (4)

1. A contact material for low-voltage switchgear in energy technology, having an AgSn02-basis with further metal oxide additions, characterised in that the material consists of AgS- nO2Bi2O3CuOCdO as a sintered material : and that the total metal oxide content ranges between 10 and 25 % by volume with an Sn02 portion ≥ 70 % by volume of the total amount of oxide and a Bi203 portion of between 0.5 and 2 % mass content, a CuO portion of between 0.5 and 1.5 % mass content and a CdO portion of between 0.05 and 2 % mass content.
2. A contact material as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the total oxide content is 15 to 20 % by volume.
3. A contact material as claimed in Claim 2. characterised in that it has an Ag mass content of 87.89 %, an Sn02 mass content of 9.92 % a Bi203 mass content of 1.1 %, a CuO mass content of 1.2 % and a CdO mass content of 0.3 %.
4. A contact material as claimed in Claim 2. characterised in that it has an Ag mass content of 81.42 %, a Sn02 mass content of 13.09 %. a Bi2O3 mass content of 2.0 %, a CuO mass content of 1.5 % and a CdO mass content of 2.0 %.
EP84100927A 1983-02-10 1984-01-30 Sintered contact material for low-tension switchgear Expired EP0118708B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84100927T ATE24628T1 (en) 1983-02-10 1984-01-30 SINTERED CONTACT MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833304637 DE3304637A1 (en) 1983-02-10 1983-02-10 SINTER CONTACT MATERIAL FOR LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
DE3304637 1983-02-10

Related Child Applications (1)

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EP85114864.3 Division-Into 1984-01-30

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EP0118708A1 EP0118708A1 (en) 1984-09-19
EP0118708B1 true EP0118708B1 (en) 1986-12-30

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EP85114864A Expired - Lifetime EP0182386B1 (en) 1983-02-10 1984-01-30 Method of producing contact parts

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US (1) US4681702A (en)
EP (2) EP0118708B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59148215A (en)
AT (2) ATE57789T1 (en)
DE (3) DE3304637A1 (en)

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US4150982A (en) * 1978-03-13 1979-04-24 Chugai Denki Kogyo Kabushiki-Kaisha AG-Metal oxides electrical contact materials containing internally oxidized indium oxides and/or tin oxides
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DE3102067A1 (en) * 1981-01-23 1982-08-19 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt MATERIAL FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACTS
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DE3466122D1 (en) * 1984-01-30 1987-10-15 Siemens Ag Contact material and production of electric contacts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0377265B2 (en) 1991-12-10
US4681702A (en) 1987-07-21
ATE24628T1 (en) 1987-01-15
ATE57789T1 (en) 1990-11-15
DE3304637A1 (en) 1984-08-16
EP0182386A2 (en) 1986-05-28
EP0182386A3 (en) 1987-01-14
DE3461872D1 (en) 1987-02-05
EP0182386B1 (en) 1990-10-24
JPS59148215A (en) 1984-08-24
DE3483479D1 (en) 1990-11-29
EP0118708A1 (en) 1984-09-19

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