EP0170562A1 - Gleichstromelektromagnet, insbesondere für elektrische Kommutiervorrichtung - Google Patents

Gleichstromelektromagnet, insbesondere für elektrische Kommutiervorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0170562A1
EP0170562A1 EP85401275A EP85401275A EP0170562A1 EP 0170562 A1 EP0170562 A1 EP 0170562A1 EP 85401275 A EP85401275 A EP 85401275A EP 85401275 A EP85401275 A EP 85401275A EP 0170562 A1 EP0170562 A1 EP 0170562A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air gap
electromagnet
armature
pot
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85401275A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0170562B1 (de
Inventor
Michel Lauraire
Elie Belbel
Christian Bataille
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telemecanique SA
Original Assignee
La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Telemecanique Electrique SA filed Critical La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority to AT85401275T priority Critical patent/ATE34869T1/de
Publication of EP0170562A1 publication Critical patent/EP0170562A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0170562B1 publication Critical patent/EP0170562B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding

Definitions

  • Such electromagnets which are, for example, known from French Patent No. 1,051,651, have advantages and disadvantages which the user must be satisfied with when considering their application in particular fields; among the advantages, it should be mentioned that the surfaces of the two air gaps participate at the same time in the generation of the initial calling force; however, due, on the one hand, to the ratio of the surfaces of these two air gaps and, on the other hand, due to the presence of two air gaps in series in the magnetic circuit, it can be seen that the initial flux is not very high and that, if the induction is relatively high in the nucleus, its value on the peripheral air gap remains low, so that for given ampere-turns, the initial calling force cannot reach interesting values, or that in order to reach these values, it becomes necessary to increase the volume of the coil .
  • the invention therefore intends to provide an electromagnet having the general constitution mentioned above, in which measures will be taken so that ampere-turns of low value (or, in other words, a power low coil excitation) are likely to impart to the armature an initial call force greater than that obtained with the prior techniques, when the stroke of the armature and the volume of the electromagnet are practically fixed in advance.
  • this closing air gap (e, S) has a large surface area and has a low first reluctance opposite the second reluctance presented by the working air gap when the latter is open, and has cylindrical surfaces, parallel to the direction of movement of the armature so that this first reluctance is not substantially affected by this movement.
  • the reluctance of the closing air gap which should favor the importance of the flux, cannot here bring force. of initial attraction, a significant improvement insofar as the polar surfaces of the working air gap cannot exceed a certain value without causing a parallel increase in the volume of the coil, and where the covering surfaces of the closing air gap are weak.
  • the reduction in the intensity of these shocks is determined by a choice of the diameter of the nucleus which locally causes there to appear saturation phenomena which take on a preponderant importance only when the reluctance of the air gap of work decreases.
  • An electromagnet l 'in accordance with the invention and visible in FIG. 1 has two magnetizable parts of revolution 2, 3, movable relative to each other along a common axis of revolution XX', and engaged in each other. These parts take on, once engaged, the appearance of a pot whose internal volume 18 is occupied by a coil 4 having current leads 5, 6, which pass through, for example, part 3 considered here as fixed, while the reverse would also be possible.
  • the part 3 has a substantially flat bottom 7 in the center of which projects a cylindrical core 8 provided on its outer surface with a thin layer 9 of a non-magnetic material having good friction properties.
  • An annular skirt 10 extends externally the bottom parallel to the core and has at its free end a conical surface 11 of revolution making an angle a with the axis.
  • the second part 2 which is therefore assumed here to be mobile, has a shape comparable to that of the part 3, but has at the center of its bottom 16 a tubular extension 12, the bore 13 of which passes through the core 8 and slides over it with gentle friction, while its short skirt 14 has a conical surface 15 of angle a which is parallel to the previous one, opposite which it is located.
  • a return spring 17 which, for example has been placed inside the volume 18 comprised between parts 2 and 3, but which could be placed outside, communicates to the piece 3 a restoring force towards a rest position where it meets a stop 19 and where a distance "c" equal to the relative stroke of the pieces 2 and 3 separates the conical surfaces parallel to axis XX '.
  • the moving part 2 which will henceforth be called the armature, can be mechanically coupled to any part or device to communicate to it a displacement of amplitude equal to "c" which, to occur, requires that the amp-turns circulating in the coil are sufficient to overcome, initially an initial resistant force, thanks to an initial calling force developed by the attraction of the reinforcement, and are then used effectively to overcome other resistant forces which appear during displacement , for example to operate the compression of pressure springs, if the armature is associated with movable contacts of switches (not shown).
  • the initial induction B i in the air gap E, as well as the dimensions of the pole surfaces 15 and 11, must themselves be sufficient for the initial calling force f to be greater than the initial resistive forces R i .
  • FIG. 2 Another electromagnet has it, represented in FIG. 2, where the same references relate to bodies having the same functions, derives directly from the previous one by reversing the position of the core 8 ′ and of the tubular extension 12 ′ which are now connected to the frame 2 'and to the cylinder head pot 3'.
  • the axial length along which the air gap extends -e-, respectively -e'- will be as large as possible for reasons explained later; in all cases, this length will always be close to the height -H- of the coil 4.
  • the electromagnet 1b shown in FIG. 3 shows how the position of the working air gap E b can be modified in one or other of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 or 2, by bringing this air gap closer to the bottom 7b of the fixed cylinder head 3b to reduce the leakage fluxes which could not contribute to the attraction of the frame; the skirt 14 'of the movable frame 2b is here longer than in the previous case and the skirt 10' is, on the other hand, shorter.
  • FIG. 4 Another 1 "electromagnet according to the invention, and visible in FIG. 4, comprises a fixed yoke 20 which is formed by the assembly of two magnetizable revolution parts 21 and 22, a movable magnetizable armature 23, a coil 24 and a spring 17 '.
  • the cylinder head 20 retains, in an internal volume 80, the coil which was previously introduced around a solid core 25 of the concentric piece 21 and secured to a bottom 26 carrying at its periphery a conical surface 81 forming an angle a with the axis YY '.
  • the free end 27 of the core is here anchored in the flat bottom 28 of the part 22, which is extended by an annular skirt 29 whose surface is preferably covered with a thin layer of non-friction anti-friction material 30 and which extends parallel to the core 25.
  • the movable frame 23 takes the form of a ring, the internal cylindrical surface 31 of which slides with an appropriate clearance on the layer 30 and the end of which faces the surface 81 has a parallel conical surface 32; the length "m" of this frame is preferably greater than the height "h" of the skirt 29, to allow it to slide without the contact surface being reduced and therefore the reluctance increased; it will be seen later that certain adjustments can however be made to the value thereof to meet particular objectives. liers. It can be seen that, thanks to this arrangement, the entire internal volume 80 of the cylinder head 20 is occupied by the coil 24.
  • the ampere-turns -ni- developed by the coil when the latter is traversed by the current will cause a flux founded which will circulate in the magnetizable parts, crossing, d 'on the one hand, a working air gap, which is placed between the conical surfaces 81, 32, respectively 11, 15 and whose dimension is - E - and, on the other hand, a closing air gap, which is materialized by the thickness - e - of the layer of anti-friction material.
  • the air gap E whose surface is - s - and the air gap - e - whose surface is - S -, define reluctances R 1 and R 2 which give the flux a value ⁇ revealing inductions B 1 and B 2 .
  • the electromagnets it is arranged so that the reluctance R 2 is as low as possible in front of the reluctance R1 when the armature is in the open position and the product of the square of the initial induction B 1 by the surface - s - (or initial attraction force - F i ) is as high as possible when the reinforcements are at rest, so as to easily overcome the initial resistance forces R i .
  • this initial induction B 1 must be chosen so that the current attractive force is able to evolve while remaining, for example, greater than the progressive or stepped resistance forces which are encountered successively or simultaneously when the armature actuates moving contacts of a contactor. Indeed, if the initial induction was already high, the appearance of saturation in the magnetic circuit would give a weak growth to the forces of attraction when the armature moves.
  • the air gap E .... is determined by the value of the stroke - C - necessary to operate a good isolation and a good compression of the movable contacts associated with the frame and the inclination has as a result, while the value of the air gap - e - cannot drop below a reasonable threshold, which is determined by the means and materials used in economic mass production; one can for example choose 0.1 mm ⁇ e ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • the initial attraction force Fi is given by:
  • the expression of the useful net force Fu then includes a coefficient of the form (1- r K) which shows, if there were 2, that this force is greater when the coefficient of friction r is low and that K 2 is high.
  • the invention may know, in a variant 56 of the electromagnet, embodiments which always place it in the context of obtaining a high initial attraction force; instead of using surfaces inclined governed by cones, the pole surfaces of the working air gap could each have a series of teeth 50, respectively 51, with inclined sides, coming in cooperation by penetration of the projections of one in the intervals of the other; angular orientation means 52, 53, for example with axial groove and transverse pin, may then prove to be necessary to prevent rotation of the armature 54 relative to the yoke 55 when the coil is excited, see figure 9.
  • a progressive angular distribution of the cutouts 75, 76 would make it possible, if necessary, to choose one of several possible attraction curves, by giving the armature 70 of the electromagnet 69 before mounting, a particular angular orientation by relative to the cylinder head pot 71, orientation which would be ensured by guide means such as pin 72 and grooves 73, 74 visible in FIGS. 12 and 13.
  • the orientation chosen can be defined as that which passes, in the vicinity of a central point 0, placed on the axis of symmetry XX ', respectively YY', a normal half-line raised on a concave conical surface such that 15 , respectively 81, see Figure 4.
  • cylindrical pot which has been used in the previous examples, should not be limited to that of a cylinder of revolution, which however constitutes the most advantageous embodiment thereof.
  • electromagnet pots of quasi-prismatic shape or, in other words, pots of square or rectangular section with rounded edges, in order to increase the areas which limit the call air gap; the production of the closing air gap can then make use of an insulating layer in the form of a film, which is bonded to the skirt of this pot and to a sliding frame having a corresponding section.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Brushes (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP85401275A 1984-07-24 1985-06-25 Gleichstromelektromagnet, insbesondere für elektrische Kommutiervorrichtung Expired EP0170562B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85401275T ATE34869T1 (de) 1984-07-24 1985-06-25 Gleichstromelektromagnet, insbesondere fuer elektrische kommutiervorrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8411704A FR2568402B1 (fr) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Electro-aimant a courant continu, en particulier pour appareil electrique de commutation
FR8411704 1984-07-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0170562A1 true EP0170562A1 (de) 1986-02-05
EP0170562B1 EP0170562B1 (de) 1988-06-01

Family

ID=9306425

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85401275A Expired EP0170562B1 (de) 1984-07-24 1985-06-25 Gleichstromelektromagnet, insbesondere für elektrische Kommutiervorrichtung

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4633209A (de)
EP (1) EP0170562B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0785449B2 (de)
KR (1) KR890002043B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE34869T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3563138D1 (de)
DK (1) DK160380C (de)
ES (1) ES8608721A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2568402B1 (de)
NO (1) NO168008C (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2664737A1 (fr) * 1990-07-13 1992-01-17 Telemecanique Electro-aimant a courant continu.
DE10005953A1 (de) * 2000-02-09 2001-08-16 Heinz Leiber Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektromagnetischen Aktuators und elektromagnetischer Aktuator
EP2054907B1 (de) * 2006-08-25 2016-05-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektromagnetische antriebseinheit und elektromechanisches schaltgerät

Families Citing this family (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4783049A (en) * 1986-03-24 1988-11-08 Lectron Products, Inc. Electrically operated automatic transmission controller assembly
US4688012A (en) * 1986-09-22 1987-08-18 International Business Machines Corporation Electromagnetic actuator mechanism in particular for print hammer drives
US4840163A (en) * 1987-01-08 1989-06-20 Colt Industries Inc. Electromagnet, valve assembly and fuel metering apparatus
US4812884A (en) * 1987-06-26 1989-03-14 Ledex Inc. Three-dimensional double air gap high speed solenoid
DE3829676A1 (de) * 1988-09-01 1990-03-15 Olympia Aeg Tauchankermagnet, sowie dessen verwendung als druckhammer in einer druckhammervorrichtung
US5010312A (en) * 1990-04-10 1991-04-23 Rostra Engineered Components Solenoid actuators
DE4108601C2 (de) * 1991-03-18 1995-06-29 Harting Elektronik Gmbh Fang- und Haltemagnet
DE4244444A1 (de) * 1992-12-23 1994-07-07 Mannesmann Ag Elektromagnetventil
DE4244443C2 (de) * 1992-12-23 1998-11-26 Mannesmann Ag Elektromagnetantrieb
DE4416500C2 (de) * 1994-05-10 2000-07-20 Kendrion Binder Magnete Gmbh Gleichstrom-Hubmagnet
US5646588A (en) * 1994-09-19 1997-07-08 Caterpillar Inc. Stroke elongation device for an electromagnetic actuator
US5785298A (en) * 1996-04-15 1998-07-28 Teknocraft, Inc. Proportional solenoid-controlled fluid valve assembly
US6604726B2 (en) 1996-04-15 2003-08-12 Teknocraft, Inc. Proportional solenoid-controlled fluid valve assembly without non-magnetic alignment support element
US7028978B2 (en) * 1996-04-15 2006-04-18 Kumar Viraraghavan S Proportional solenoid-controlled fluid valve having compact pressure-balancing armature-poppet assembly
US5717369A (en) * 1996-05-03 1998-02-10 Wilson; Arthur L. Alternating current relay
DE29801860U1 (de) * 1998-02-05 1998-03-19 Kuhnke GmbH, 23714 Malente Elektromagnet
DE19953788A1 (de) * 1999-11-09 2001-05-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektromagnetischer Aktuator
US7053742B2 (en) * 2001-12-28 2006-05-30 Abb Technology Ag Electromagnetic actuator having a high initial force and improved latching
US6950000B1 (en) 2001-12-28 2005-09-27 Abb Technology Ag High initial force electromagnetic actuator
US20050145812A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-07-07 Kumar Viraraghavan S. Solenoid valve and poppet assembly
DE102004002528A1 (de) * 2004-01-12 2005-08-04 Siemens Ag Elektromagnetischer Linearantrieb
GB0603171D0 (en) * 2006-02-17 2006-03-29 Rolls Royce Plc An actuator
JP2007288000A (ja) * 2006-04-18 2007-11-01 Shindengen Mechatronics Co Ltd ソレノイド
WO2010055698A1 (ja) * 2008-11-17 2010-05-20 国立大学法人福井大学 リニアアクチュエータ
PL2330609T3 (pl) * 2009-12-04 2012-12-31 Abb Technology Ag Magnetyczne urządzenie uruchamiające dla układu wyłącznika instalacyjnego
DE202011004021U1 (de) * 2011-03-16 2012-07-09 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Elektromagnetische Aktuatorvorrichtung
WO2013148109A1 (en) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-03 Eaton Corporation Solenoid assembly with anti-hysteresis feature
US9412507B2 (en) * 2014-04-01 2016-08-09 The Boeing Company Positioning system for an electromechanical actuator
DE102015214989A1 (de) * 2015-08-06 2016-09-08 Festo Ag & Co. Kg Stelleinrichtung und Ventilanordnung
JP6831967B2 (ja) * 2016-12-15 2021-02-24 下西技研工業株式会社 ソレノイド
JP2020017643A (ja) * 2018-07-26 2020-01-30 多摩川精機株式会社 円筒型ソレノイド

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR615035A (fr) * 1925-08-31 1926-12-28 Perfectionnements aux électro-aimants
DE2111123A1 (de) * 1971-03-09 1972-09-21 Otello Baldi Lagerung des Magnetankers elektromagnetischer Antriebe,insbesondere Elektrobetaetigungsmagneten aller Art
FR2129341A5 (de) * 1971-03-17 1972-10-27 Bosch
EP0081604A1 (de) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-22 Sprecher & Schuh AG Eisenkernpaar und Spulenkörper für Wechselstromschütz
DE3340372A1 (de) * 1982-11-09 1984-05-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Elektromagnet

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US750132A (en) * 1904-01-19 Illius augustus timmis and edgar william timmis
US506282A (en) * 1893-10-10 Illitjs augustus timmis
US3378732A (en) * 1965-04-15 1968-04-16 Penn Controls Electromagnetic actuator

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR615035A (fr) * 1925-08-31 1926-12-28 Perfectionnements aux électro-aimants
DE2111123A1 (de) * 1971-03-09 1972-09-21 Otello Baldi Lagerung des Magnetankers elektromagnetischer Antriebe,insbesondere Elektrobetaetigungsmagneten aller Art
FR2129341A5 (de) * 1971-03-17 1972-10-27 Bosch
EP0081604A1 (de) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-22 Sprecher & Schuh AG Eisenkernpaar und Spulenkörper für Wechselstromschütz
DE3340372A1 (de) * 1982-11-09 1984-05-17 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Elektromagnet

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2664737A1 (fr) * 1990-07-13 1992-01-17 Telemecanique Electro-aimant a courant continu.
DE10005953A1 (de) * 2000-02-09 2001-08-16 Heinz Leiber Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektromagnetischen Aktuators und elektromagnetischer Aktuator
EP2054907B1 (de) * 2006-08-25 2016-05-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektromagnetische antriebseinheit und elektromechanisches schaltgerät

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4633209A (en) 1986-12-30
ATE34869T1 (de) 1988-06-15
DE3563138D1 (en) 1988-07-07
NO852875L (no) 1986-01-27
ES545485A0 (es) 1986-06-16
ES8608721A1 (es) 1986-06-16
DK333585A (da) 1986-01-25
NO168008B (no) 1991-09-23
DK333585D0 (da) 1985-07-22
DK160380C (da) 1991-08-12
FR2568402B1 (fr) 1987-02-20
JPH0785449B2 (ja) 1995-09-13
EP0170562B1 (de) 1988-06-01
KR890002043B1 (ko) 1989-06-08
NO168008C (no) 1992-01-02
KR860001497A (ko) 1986-02-26
JPS6140010A (ja) 1986-02-26
FR2568402A1 (fr) 1986-01-31
DK160380B (da) 1991-03-04

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