EP0169239A1 - CLONES DE cADN D'ERYTHROPOIETINE HUMAINE - Google Patents

CLONES DE cADN D'ERYTHROPOIETINE HUMAINE

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Publication number
EP0169239A1
EP0169239A1 EP85901141A EP85901141A EP0169239A1 EP 0169239 A1 EP0169239 A1 EP 0169239A1 EP 85901141 A EP85901141 A EP 85901141A EP 85901141 A EP85901141 A EP 85901141A EP 0169239 A1 EP0169239 A1 EP 0169239A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
peptide
dna
cdna
mrna
organism
Prior art date
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EP85901141A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0169239A4 (fr
Inventor
Sylvia Lee-Huang
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New York University NYU
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New York University NYU
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Publication of EP0169239A1 publication Critical patent/EP0169239A1/fr
Publication of EP0169239A4 publication Critical patent/EP0169239A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/22—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against growth factors ; against growth regulators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/475—Growth factors; Growth regulators
    • C07K14/505—Erythropoietin [EPO]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cDNA clones of human erythropoietin (Ep), to methods of identification and preparation of such clones, and to their expression products. More particularly, the present invention relates to: (a) cDNA clones of human Ep identified from a cDNA-library constructed from human kidney mRNA, (b) synthesis of human Ep cDNA and insertion into pBR322 plasmids, (c) generation of E.coli expressing said cDNA, and (d) the products of expression of said cDNA.
  • Ep erythropoietin
  • Another object of this invention is to identify human Ep mRNA.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to synthesize and characterize human Ep cDNA.
  • Still another object of this invention is to produce a recombinant organism expressing human Ep cDNA.
  • a further object of this invention is to purify the product of said Ep cDNA expression.
  • a still further object of this invention is to characterize the sequence of human Ep cDNA and to identify the composition of human Ep.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to a peptide immunochemically reactive with a monoclonal antibody to human erythropoietin.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a DNA fragment coding for said peptide.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a DNA molecule having inserted therein a DNA fragment comprising a DNA sequence coding for said peptide.
  • Still another aspect of this invention relates to a transformed living organism containing said DNA molecule said organism being capable of expressing said peptide.
  • this invention relates to methods for producing the above peptide, DNA fragment, DNA molecule and organism.
  • Figure 1 is a fluorograph of electrophoresis of in vitro translation products of human kidney poly(A) mRNA and immunoprecipitation of the translation products by monoclonal Anti-Ep.
  • Figure 2A depicts a silver stain of total proteins of human kidney extract, crude and pure Ep resolved by SDS-PAGE.
  • Figure 2B depicts an autoradiograph of an immunoblot from identical samples showing immunological detection of Ep-specific proteins.
  • Figure 3 is an autoradiograph of electrophoresis of the in vitro translation products of agarose gel size-fractionated mRNA.
  • Figure 4A is an autoradiograph of a nitrocellulose filter bearing positive colonies, as detected by colony hybridization.
  • Figure 4B is an autoradiograph of the same type of filter bearing a positive clone, pEp2, expressed in E.coli as a beta-lactamase fusion protein, detected by in situ radioimmunoassay using monoclonal Anti-Ep.
  • Figure 5 is a photograph of agarose gel electrophoresis of cDNA inserts for positive Ep clones, visualized by ethidium bromide staining and ultraviolet transillumination.
  • Figure 6A is a fluorograph of electrophoresis of in vitro translation products from mRNA selected by hybridization with positive Ep clones.
  • Figure 6B is an Anti-Ep immunoblot of electrophoresis of in vitro translation products of mRNA selected by hybridization with positive Ep clones.
  • Figure 7 is an autoradiograph of competitive immunoprecipitation of hybrid selected translation products of M.W. 29,000 and 15,000 in the absence or presence of unlabeled Ep.
  • Detailed Description of the Invention In order to clone Ep cDNA, its functional mRNA is first isolated. Difficulties in isolating this mRNA stem from the fact that the specific cellular site of Ep synthesis has not been firmly established, although the kidney is known to play a key role. Additional difficulties arise from the scarcity of viable human kidney samples and from their low Ep levels. It was therefore necessary to search for sources with elevated Ep levels and greater tissue availability.
  • total cellular RNA is preferably first isolated by extraction of disrupted kidney cells and messenger RNA is then selectively enriched, as follows:
  • the extraction buffer also includes a combination of chaotropic agents (such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or other common glycols) or dissociating agents (e.g., sarkosyl, guanidine hydrochloride and guanidine isothiocyanate) and reducing agents (such as betamercaptoethanol).
  • chaotropic agents such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or other common glycols
  • dissociating agents e.g., sarkosyl, guanidine hydrochloride and guanidine isothiocyanate
  • reducing agents such as betamercaptoethanol
  • the methods and reagents used significantly affect the yield and functionality of the mRNA obtained.
  • the extraction buffer contains guanidine isothiocyanate, sarkosyl, beta-mercaptoethanol, sodium citrate and vanadyl-ribonucleoside complex, which serve to disintegrate cellular structures, dissociate proteins and inactivate degradative enzyme
  • the method of mRNA isolation employed in the present invention is fast, convenient and results in a good yield.
  • the initial cell disruption is very important and it is preferably accomplished by dry-blending the tissue (as in an ordinary blender) in the presence of liquid nitrogen to ensure a sufficiently low temperature at which all enzymes will be inactive.
  • the powdered tissue is then treated with the extraction buffer. This is most conveniently and thoroughly accomplished in the powdering blender. Dissolution of the cellular material and shearing of the DNA takes place by further blending, and passing the sample through a needle. Shearing is evidenced by a significant drop in viscosity of the mixture.
  • the poly(A) + RNA thus selected can be stored in ethanol at low temperature. Under these conditions, stability of the RNA is insured.
  • Ep message functional Ep mRNA
  • some of the oligo dT-cellulose-selected mRNA is translated in vitro. Translation may take place in a wheat germ cell-free system or, preferably, in a mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate system, as described by Pelham, H.R.B. et al.
  • Fig. 1, lane 2 Their molecular weights are 29,000 and 15,000 daltons, respectively (Fig. 1, lane 2). These polypeptides are not precipitated by preimmune mouse serum (Fig. 1, lane 3) nor are they detected in endogeneous translation and its immunoprecipitated sample (Fig.1, lanes 6 and 7). The size of these polypeptides is smaller than expected for native Ep. However, in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system, where the ribosomes are free in the cytosol and where endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization, and membrane bound enzymes are absent, post-translational modification such as glycosylation is not expected to occur.
  • the 29,000 dalton polypeptide which is precipitated specifically by Anti-Ep may represent the aglycosylated form of Ep.
  • the 15,000 dalton peptide may represent an immunologically related species.
  • the presence of these polypeptides in tissue is also confirmed by immunoblotting of the tissue extract along with authentic Ep ( Figure 2).
  • Figure 2 The details of these experiments are described in Example 4.
  • Some of the thus obtained mRNA is enriched in Ep mRNA by size fractionation on agarose gel in the presence of CH 3 HgOH according to Bailey, J.M. et al, Methylmercury as a Reversible Denaturing Agent for Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Anal. Biochem. 70:75 (1976).
  • the resolved RNA fractions are eluted and samples thereof are translated.
  • the translation product is tested for Ep presence, preferably by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal Anti-Ep according to the method of Kessler, supra.
  • the fraction of agarose-gel-fractionated RNA that was enriched in Ep mRNA (fraction 11 in Fig. 3) is reversetranscribed into [ 32 p] -labeled cDNA which is used as a hybridization probe in the identification of cDNA positive clones.
  • Reverse transcription using Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase
  • AMV Avian myeloblastosis virus
  • T4 kinase RNA phosphorylation treatment because it gives a higher specific radioactivity (of the order of 10 cpm/ microgram) and it is less likely to label single-stranded contaminating ribosomal or tRNAs.
  • poly(A) + kidney mRNA is used as the template for the synthesis of the 1st strand of cDNA by AMV reverse transcriptase in the presence of oligo- dT (12-18) as the Primer.
  • AMV reverse transcriptase in the presence of oligo- dT (12-18) as the Primer.
  • construction of a total human kidney cDNA library was undertaken. This approach not only entails minimum handling of the limited amounts of valuable RNA, but also allows other renal proteins of medical interest to be screened.
  • Such a cDNA library would, of course, also require the screening of a large number of recombinants for Ep clones.
  • Conditions optimal for reverse transcription are highly dependent on the particular type of mRNA. The purity of the reverse transcriptase, its RNase contamination, the ratio of reverse transcriptase activity to mRNA quantity, the substrate concentrations, the pH and ionic conditions of the reaction mixtures are all important factors which influence transcription efficiencies.
  • Vanadyl ribonucleoside complex is preferably added to the transcription reaction mixture to inactivate contaminating RNase.
  • the most preferred reaction conditions are set forth in Example 5.
  • the general reverse transcription procedure is conducted according to Retzel, E.F. et al.. Enzymatic Synthesis of DNA by the Avian Retrovirus Reverse Transcriptase in vitro, Biochem. 19:513-518, 1980.
  • template RNA is denatured preferably with CH 3 HgOH to avoid interference of template mRNA in the synthesis of ds-cDNA.
  • Complementary cDNA is preferably synthesized using the large (Klenow) fragment of E.coli DNA polymerase I (which does not have the 5' --> 3' exonuclease activity) according to the method of Efstratiadis, A., et al., Enzymatic In Vitro Synthesis of Globin Genes, Cell, 7:279, 1976, wherein the reverse transcriptase loop from the previous step serves as the primer.
  • the hairpin loop covalently linking the first and second strand of cDNA is cleaved by nuclease S 1 .
  • the amount of S 1 required is determined by titration in pilot experiments using alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis, which permits the sizes of the DNA molecules to be visualized.
  • the Klenow product behaves as a molecule twice the size of cDNA, and the blunt ended double stranded cDNA (ds cDNA) behaves as two molecules the size of the original cDNA strand.
  • the optimum amount of S 1 nuclease was found to be 2.5 units per microgram of ds cDNA in this case. In this work, 60 micrograms of poly(A) + RNA yielded 5 micrograms of blunt-ended ds cDNA.
  • the ds cDNA is inserted in the Pst I restriction endonuclease site (located in the ampicillin resistance gene) of pBR322 by homopolymeric dC:dG tailing according to Villa- Komaroff et al., A Bacterial Clone Synthesizing Proinsulin, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 72:3727, 1978.
  • the oligo(dC)-tailed cDNA and oligo(dG)-tailed vector are annealed preferably at a ratio of 1:2.
  • pBR322 is preferred because of its versatility as a plasmid cloning vector. It is under relaxed control and contains both ampicillin and tetracycline resistance genes.
  • the Pst I cleavage site is a single cleavage site within the ampicillin resistance gene. Cloning into the Pst I site inactivates this gene. Thus, the clones will be ampicillin-sensitive. In addition, they should also be tetracycline-resistant, if they have taken up the plasmid.
  • the recombinant plasmids are transformed into E. coli C600 made competent to take up DNA by CaCl 2 and heat shock as described by Mandel, M. et al. Calcium Dependent Bacteriophage DNA Infection, J. Mol. Biol. 53:159, 1970.
  • Transformants are selected for tetracycline resistance and ampicillin sensitivity. Since, as mentioned above, the Pst I site is in the ampicillin resistance gene, transformants will be ampicillin-sensitive (Amp S ) but tetracycline-resistant (Tet R ) .
  • E. coli C600 is preferably used as the recipient because it is a good host for large scale growth and purification of plasmids and can be transformed with high efficiency by use of a plasmid vector annealed to cDNA by dC:dG homopolymeric tailing.
  • the bacterial culture should be in the logarithmic phase of growth and the cell density about 5x10 7 cell/ml at the time of treatment with calcium chloride. Maintaining the cells on ice for 12-24 hours prior to the transformation significantly increases transformation efficiency.
  • the optimum transformation reaction ratios are 1-10 ng of cDNA to 100 microliters of cell suspension. Larger amounts of suspension or cDNA result in lower transformation efficiencies. Use of top agar as a transformation plating medium is preferred.
  • the colonies are preferably initially screened by colony hybridization using [ 32 p] labeled cDNA synthesized from enriched Ep mRNA as the probe, followed by in situ colony radioimmunoassay (RIA) using purified monoclonal Anti-Ep IgG.
  • RIA colony radioimmunoassay
  • Colony hybridization is preferably conducted according to the general method of Grunstein, M. et al. A Method for the Isolation of Cloned DNAs that Contain a Specific Gene, Proc. Nat. Acad/ Sci. (USA) 72:3961, 1975 here adapted for a smaller scale (in order to save materials, which are in short supply, while maintaining sensitivity of the screening procedure) by use of very small amounts of [ 32 p]-labeled cDNA as a probe with high specific radioactivity and small nitrocellulose filters, thus permitting a large number of colonies to be screened at a time. Duplicate colonies of transformants are grown on small filters, colonies are lysed and the DNA is denatured (by alkali treatment).
  • Cell debris are treated with proteinase K and the DNA is fixed to the filter by baking.
  • the DNA is hybridized to the probe, which binds only to its complementary DNA and permits positive colonies to be identified by autoradiography. This procedure is very efficient and results in elimination of about 95% of the colonies from further screening.
  • Radioiodination of antibodies is preferably carried out by the lactose peroxidase enzyme beads method as disclosed by Marchalonis, J.J., An Enzymic Method for the Trace Iodination of Immunoglobulins and Other Proteins, Biochem. J. 113:299, 1969.
  • RIA-positive clones are grown in culture. Plasmid DNAs are isolated and the size of their cDNA inserts is determined by digestion with Pst I restriction endonuclease followed by electrophoresis in 6% polyacrylamide. Phage ⁇ X174 RF DNA Hae III digested fragments are used as size markers. The sizes of the inserts are approximately 1400, 600 and 200 base pairs (bp) for pEpl , 2, and 3 respectively. To further confirm that the positive clones indeed contain Ep sequences, hybridization selection of Ep-specific mRNA is performed as disclosed by Parnes,et al, Mouse beta-2 Microglobulin cDNA Clones: A Screening Procedure for cDNA Clones Corresponding to Rare mRNAs, Proc. Nat.
  • Plasmid DNA is suspended in H 2 O at 1mg/ml, heat denatured in 0.25 N NaOH, neutralized and spotted on nitrocellulose.
  • the filters containing DNA are hybridized with poly(A) + RNA. It is advisable to use relatively large amounts of mRNA for clear results. (2.5 micrograms poly(A) RNA/microgram of plasmid DNA).
  • Hybrid-selected mRNA is eluted from the filters, and translated in vitro as described above. 35 s-labeled translation products are analyzed by SDS-PAGE and fluorography. All three clones hybrid selected mRNA which directed the synthesis of polypeptides of molecular weight 15,000, 29,000, 66,000 and possibly 92,000 daltons. Final confirmation of the identity of the polypeptides was made by immunoblotting and competitive immunoprecipitation.
  • the molecular weight of native human urinary Ep is 34,000 daltons.
  • immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation of in vitro translation products of total kidney mRNA and hybrid selected mRNA all result in two polypeptides of M.W. 29,000 daltons and 15,000 daltons.
  • Immunoprecipitation of tissue extracts from the Ep-rich renal carcinoma samples also resulted in identification of these two polypeptides, in addition to the 34,000 daltons polyppetide.
  • the 34,000 daltons polypeptide is identical in size to the native glycosylated Ep.
  • the 29k polypeptide is smaller than expected for native glycosylated Ep.
  • the cDNA insert of clone pEpl is within the range of the coding size while those of clones pEp2 and pEp3 are too short to encode the complete sequence of Ep.
  • These DNAs are useful in the preparation of full-length human Ep cDNA sequences for expression.
  • a cDNA fragment located at the 3' end of the mRNA, as determined by restriction mapping, will be used as a primer of mRNA reverse transcription. Since the 3' primer is a specific Ep cDNA fragment, the only cDNA synthesized by this reverse transcription reaction will be Ep cDNA. Optimization of reverse transcription is expected to yield entire Ep cDNA.
  • Sequencing will be performed according to the techniques described in detail by Maxam, A.M. et al, A New Method for Sequencing DNA, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 74:560, 1977 and Sanger, F., et al., DNA Sequencing with Chain Terminating Inhibitors, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 74:5463 (1977).
  • agarose, and vanadyl-XTP's complex were from Bethesda Research Laboratories (BRL) , Bethesda, MD. creatine phosphate, spermidine, essential amino acids, Hepes, calf thymus DNA, lysozyme, tetracycline, ampicillin, dithiothreitol, ethylenediamine triacetate (EDTA), hemin, and sodium deoxycholate were from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo. restriction endonucleases, pBR322 plasmid, E.
  • coli DNA polymerase I nuclease S 1 , and phage 0X174 DNA-Hae III were from New England Biolabs, Beverly, Mass. nitrocellulose filters were from Millipore, Bedford, Mass. proteinase K, and calf liver tRNA were from Boehringer Mannheim Biochemical, Indianapolis, Indiana. avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase was from Life Sciences, Inc., St. Orlando, Florida.
  • AMV avian myeloblastosis virus
  • Sephadex G100, and protein A were from Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J. 1,4-piperoxine-diethanesulfonic acid (PIPES), deionized formamide (dF), guanidine isothiocyanate, cesium chloride, and Sarkosyl were from Fluka Chemical Corp., Hauppauge, N.Y. bovine serum albumin was from Schwartz-Mann Biochemical, Spring Valley, N.Y. oligo-dT primer , and oligodithymidylic cellulose were from Collaborative Research , Waltham, Mass.
  • PPES 1,4-piperoxine-diethanesulfonic acid
  • dF deionized formamide
  • guanidine isothiocyanate cesium chloride
  • Sarkosyl were from Fluka Chemical Corp., Hauppauge, N.Y. bovine serum albumin was from Schwartz-Mann Biochemical, Spring Valley, N.Y. oligo-dT primer , and oli
  • [ 35 S]-Methionine, i-goat anti-mouse IgG, and lactose peroxidase enzyme beads were from New England Nuclear Company, Boston, Mass.
  • DNase was from Worthington, Freehold, N.J.
  • nitrocellulose sheet were from Schleicher & Schuell, Keene, N.H.
  • Triton X-100 (TM) detergent was from Eastman Kodak, Rochester, N.Y.
  • Tissue homogenates were prepared by powdering the sample in liquid nitrogen and extracting it with 20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.8, (equal ratio, wt(g)/vol (ml)). The extract was then centrifuged at 30,000 x g for 30 minutes to remove cell debris and the clear supernatant was used for Ep bioassay.
  • RNA preparations were made from 10 g batches as needed. The frozen tissue was powdered in liquid nitrogen in a blender. 5 volumes of an extraction buffer were then added. The extraction buffer contained: 6M guanidine isothiocyanate/ 5mM sodium citrate pH 7.0/0.1 M betamercaptoethanol/0.5% Sarkosyl. The mixture was homogenized for an additional 3 min. DNA was sheared by passing the mixture through a 22 gauge needle. The solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 min and the supernatant was collected.
  • RNA was poly(A) selected on an oligo-dT cellulose column (0.9 x 10cm; bed vol 6.4 ml). RNA was suspended in 10mM Tris-HCl, 0.5M NaCl buffer (pH 7.4) and loaded onto the column. Selectively adsorbed poly(A) RNA was eluted with 10mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, containing 1mM EDTA and 0.1% SDS and precipitated with 2 vols of ethanol at -20oC for 24 hours. The pellet was washed with 70% ethanol, resuspended in water and stored at -20oC. Usually 0.5 to 1 mg of total RNA was obtained from each gram of renal tissue and about 20 ⁇ g of poly(A) + RNA was obtained per mg of total RNA. EXAMPLE 4:
  • the immune complex was collected by 100 to 200 ⁇ l/of a 10% suspension of fixed Staphylococcus aureus bearing protein A by incubation at 4oC for 1 hour.
  • the precipitate was washed 6 times with 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4./0.15 M NaCl/1 mM EDTA/0.1% NaDodSO 4 /1% Na deoxycholate/1% Triton X-100 (Buffer W) and suspended in gel sample buffer for electrophoretic analysis.
  • the translation products and their immunoprecipitated products were resolved by SDA-PAGE and analyzed by fluorography ( Figure 1). Two immunospecific polypeptides were identified, one migrating at about MW 29,000 and the other at about 15,000 daltons (lane 2).
  • polypeptides were not precipitated by mouse preimmune serum (lane 3) and they were not detected in endogeneous translation and in the immunoprecipitated sample of such translation (lanes 6 and 7).
  • the M.W. 29,000 peptide which was precipitated specifically by the monoclonal Anti-Ep may represent the aglycosylated form of Ep.
  • the M.W. 15,000 peptide clearly immunologically related, may represent a precursor or degradative fragment of the aglycosylated Ep.
  • immunoblotting was conducted. Crude and purified human urinary Ep were also included on the same blot so as to provide a direct comparison of their immunospecificity.
  • a single polypeptide of M.W. 34,000 was blotted from both the crude and purified Ep ( Figure 2B, lanes 2 and 3), whereas three polypeptides were detected in the tissue extract, M.W. 34,000, 29,000 and 16,000 daltons.
  • the 34,000 dalton polypeptide is identical in size to the authentic glycosylated Ep, and the smaller polypeptides are likely candidates for the aglycosylated precursor or degraded forms of Ep.
  • the presence of these immunospecific poly peptides both in the tissue extract and in the in vitro translation products supports their identification as Ep-related forms and the presence of functional Ep mRNA.
  • the monoclonal antibody to human Ep used in this work was prepared as described in detail in the Anti-Ep patent application.
  • the reaction mixture contains poly(A) RNA template, 50 mM Tris, pH 8.3, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 100 mM KCl, 140 ⁇ g/ml primer, 1mM CH 3 HgOH to denature RNA, 30 mM beta-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM vanadyl sulfate ribonucleoside complex, 2 mM each of deoxyribonucleotides, and 120 units of reverse transcriptase. Incubation was at 42oC for 1 hour. Free nucleotides were removed by gel filtration over Sephadex G100. The RNA template was denatured by treatment with 12 mM CH 3 HgOH.
  • the second strand of cDNA was synthesized using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA Polymerase I.
  • the reaction consisted of 100 mM Hepes, pH 6.8, 70mM KCl, 7mM MgCl 2 , 10mM DTT, 22.5mM beta-mercaptoethanol, 0.5mM of each deoxyribonucleotide, and 100 units of Klenow enzyme per 2 g of cDNA.
  • the reaction was carried out at 15oC for 18 hours in a final volume of 1 ml. After phenol extraction, Sephadex G100 gel filtration and ethanol precipitation, the cDNA was treated with S 1 nuclease to cleave the hairpin loop at the 5' end of the second strand.
  • the amount of S 1 required was titrated for each experiment in pilot reactions using alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. Optimum concentation was found to be 2.5 units of S 1 nuclease per ng of double stranded cDNA in this case.
  • the reaction mixture also contained 30mM NaAc, pH 4.6, 300mM NaCl, and 3mM ZnSO 4 and the incubation was 37oC for 1 hour.
  • the cDNA was then treated with terminal transferase and dCTP to add 10-15 residues to the 3' end.
  • Pst I-digested pBR322 was similarly treated with terminal transferase and dGTP.
  • the reaction mixture contains 140mM potassium cacodylate, pH 7.2, 0.5mM CoCl 2 , 240mM dCTP or dGTP, 1.5 mg/ml BSA and 6,000 ⁇ /ml terminal transferase.
  • the reaction was carried out at 25oC for 15 min.
  • the cDNA was inserted into the Pst I site of pBR322 by homopolymeric dC:dG tailing.
  • the oligo (dC)-tailed cDNA and oligo(dG)-tailed vector were annealed at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 42oC for 2 hours.
  • the recombinant plasmids were transformed into E . coli strain C600 by CaCl 2 treatment and heat shock. Transformants were selected for tetracycline resistance (Tet R ) and ampicillin sensitivity (Amp S ) .
  • E.coli C600 culture was inoculated into 100ml of L broth in a 500 ml flask.
  • the cells were grown at 37oC with vigorous shaking to a density of about 5x10 7 cells/ml.
  • the culture was chilled on ice for 10 min. and then centrifuged at 4,000xg for 10 min at 4oC. The supernatant was discarded and the cells were suspended in (1/5 of the original culture volume) ice-cold, sterile solution of 100mM CaCl 2 and 20mM sodium acetate, pH 6.5. The resulting suspension was kept on ice for 20 min, then centrifuged again for 10 min.
  • the supernatant was discarded and the cells were resuspended in (1/100 of the original culture volume) ice-cold sterile solution of 0.1M CaCl 2 and 20mM sodium acetate. The suspension was kept on ice for 20 hours.
  • Transformants were selected for tetracycline resistance (Tet R ) and ampicillin sensitivity (Amp S ) on LB-Tet plates (10g bacto-tryptone, 5g yeast extract, 5g
  • Poly(A) + RNA (50 ⁇ g) was fractionated by electrophoresis in a 1.5% agarose gel containing 12.5 mM
  • Tet R Amp S transformants from Example 5 were individually picked and grown on nitrocellulose filters (Millipore, 4.5 cm containing 100 gridded squares). 100 colonies were inoculated onto each of 12 filters, each colony within a grid square. Each filter was placed on the surface of an LB-Tet plate and incubated at 37oC for 20 hours. The transformants were screened by a modification of colony hybridization using 32 P-labeled cDNA synthesized from size-fractionated mRNA enriched in Ep message. Filters bearing colonies were treated with 0.4
  • the filters were washed six times with 0.3M NaCl/30MM sodium citrate at room temperature (40 min./wash), blotted dry, and exposed to film.
  • FIG. 4A A typical filter bearing the colony hybridization results is shown in Figure 4A, and two classes of positive colonies were detected. One, comprising 0.1 to 0.4% of the total colonies, hybridized very strongly to the probe and exhibited dense spots on autoradiography. The second class, which consisted of 5% of the total colonies, hybridized to the probe in varying degrees but significantly less strongly than did the first class. The remainder of the colonies were negative. By this preliminary screening, about 95% of the transformants were eliminated from further screening.
  • EXAMPLE 8 Immunological Screening of Colonies and Characteriztion of Plasmid DNA Immunological screening was carried out by in situ colony radioimmunoassay (RIA) with monoclonal antibodies to human Ep using the general method of Helfman et al., supra.
  • RIA in situ colony radioimmunoassay
  • Bacterial colonies were grown on 4.5 cm nitrocellulose filters as described above, and lysed over CHCl 3 vapor for 30 minutes. Each filter was treated with 10 ml of lysis buffer in a Petri dish at room temperature overnight with gentle shaking.
  • the lysis buffer contains 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) , 50 ⁇ g/ml lysozyme, 2 ⁇ g/ml DNase in 50mM Tris HCl pH 7.4./150 mM NaCl (Tris/saline).
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • the filter was rinsed thoroughly with Tris/ saline and incubated at room temperature for one hour with 5 ml of purified IgG 7A7 (1mg/ml) in Tris/saline/3% BSA.
  • the filters were washed six times with the same buffer at 45 minutes per wash to remove nonspecifically adsorbed antibody. Bound antibody was detected by a one hour incubation with 125 I-labeled affinity purified goat anti-mouse IgG (1 x 10 6 cpm/ml). The filters were washed extensively (six to eight washes) with buffer W, and analyzed by autoradiography. Positive clones were verified by direct colony RIA using 125 I-labeled monoclonal anti-Ep (2 x 10 6 cpm/ml). Radioiodination was carried out by the lactose peroxidase method. In all RIA's, a filter spotted with various amounts of purified Ep was included as a control for the specificity of the immunological detection of the antigen. In such controls, ⁇ 1 ng of purfied Ep could be detected.
  • FIG. 4B The immuno-specificity of the positive clones was further confirmed by direct colony RIA using 125 I-labeled 7A7. All three clones reacted positively and consistently with [ 125 I]7A7. The plasmid DNA of these clones was isolated and its size determined, as described below.
  • Plasmid DNA was prepared by the alkaline lysis procedure of Birnboim, H.C. et al, A Rapid Alkaline Extraction Procedure for Screening Recombinant Plasmid DNA, Nuc. Acid Res. 7:1513, 1979, and purified by centrifugation through 1M NaCl in a SW 50.1 rotor at 40,000 rpm for 6 hours at 20oC. Digestion with restriction endonucleases was carried out under conditions recommended by the supplier. Gel electrophoresis was carried out in 6% polyacrylamide gels or in 1% agarose gel. 0X174 RF DNA - Hae III digested fragments were used as markers. The size of the inserts are 1,400, 600 and 200 base pairs for pEp1 , 2 and 3 respectively ( Figure 5, lanes 2, 4 and 1 respectively). EXAMPLE 9:
  • Hybridization Selection of mRNA and In Vitro Translation Selection of mRNA was conducted according to the procedures modified from Parnes et al., supra. Plasmid DNA was suspended in H 2 O at 1 mg/ml, denatured by heating 2 minutes at 96oC in 0.25 N NaOH, cooled quickly, neutralized with HCl, and spotted to saturation on nitrocellulose. The filters were baked for 2 hours at 90oC and then hybridized with human kidney poly(A) RNA at a ratio of 2.5 Mg poly(A) RNA per ug of plasmid DNA.
  • Hybridization was carried out at 50oC for 3 hours in a total volume of 100 ⁇ l containing 65% (v/v) DF/20 mM 1,4-piperoxine-diethansulfonic acid (PIPES), pH 6.4/0.2% SDS/ 0.4. M NaCl / 100 ⁇ g per ml calf liver tRNA.
  • the hybrid selected mRNA was eluted with 200 ul of H 2 O at 100oC for 90 seconds and then snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. The eluate was precipitated with ethanol using 10 to 20 ⁇ g of calf liver tRNA as a carrier.
  • the hybrid selected mRNA was translated in vitro and the 35 S-labeled translation products were resolved by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by fluorography (Figure 6).
  • Figure 6A the RNAs selected by pEp1, 2 and 3, all directed the synthesis of four 35 s-labeled polypeptides (lanes 4, 5 and 6 respectively).
  • the molecular weight of these polypeptides relative to the gel markers were approximately 92,000, 66,000, 29,000 and 15,000 daltons.
  • the 92,000 dalton band was also seen in the endogeneous translation (lane 0) and in the pBR322 selected sample (lane 1) but at a much lesser intensity.
  • Electrophoretic transfer of proteins was carried out according to the general procedure of Towbin et al., supra. Nitrocellulose, 0.45 tun pore size was used. The transfer was conducted in 25mM Tris HCl pH 8.4/192 mM glycine /20% methanol (v/v) at 0.35 amperes for 12 hours and then at 1 ampere for 3 hours using a Hoefer TE42 Transphor unit with a TE 50 power supply. The electrophoretic blot was rinsed with Tris/saline and incubated with 3% BSA/Tris/saline for 1 hour at 40oC to saturate the remaining protein binding sites.
  • unconcentrated or concentrated urine from severely anemic patients can be used as the raw material.
  • Starting samples are preferably first centrifuged to eliminate insoluble material and purified preferably by hydrophobic interaction chroma tog raphy (HIC), as described by Lee-Huang, S.: A New Preparative Method for the Isolation of Human Erythropoietin With Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography. Blood 56:620-624, 1980, in order to remove the bulk of urinary contaminants and permit more efficient and repeated use of the immunoadsorbents.
  • HIC involves processing of the raw material through a crosslinked neutral gel chromatographic column wherein the gel contains a hydrophobic group. Phenyl ⁇
  • Sepharose CL4B is particularly preferred because it provides a strong yet easily reversible binding with Ep.
  • Octyl-Sepharose may also be used, but Ep elution therefrom is less complete.
  • the specific activity of Ep obtained from this step depends on the potency of the starting material but generally ranges between about 115 and 250 units per mg of protein. The yield is usually about 80%.
  • One unit of Ep is defined as the activity contained in 0.5 mg of the second International Reference Preparation of Human Urinary Erythropoietin (IRP) (obtained from the World Health Organization, International Laboratories of Biological Standards, Hampstead, London, England), or one-tenth of the contents of one ampule of this preparation.
  • IRP Human Urinary Erythropoietin
  • the HIC-purified material can be used as the immunogen to raise antibodies to Ep (hereinafter designated as "Anti-Ep”) and its common contaminating impurities (hereinafter designated as "Anti-I”). This can be conveniently performed in a single immunization using antibodyproducing laboratory animals.
  • the immunization is carried out in accordance with methods well known in the art and, in the case of Ep or other weak immunogens, it preferably includes several booster injections in addition to the initial injection.
  • Anti-Ep titers are determined by the in vivo exhypoxic polycythemic mouse bioassay described by Camiscoli, J.F. and Gordon, A.S.: Bioassay and Standardization of Erythropoietin in Gordon, A.S. (Ed.) Regulation of Hematopoiesis, Meredith Corp., New York, 1970 pp 370-396.
  • Polycythemia is induced in mice by hypobaric hypoxia.
  • Ep samples for assay are made up in a buffered albumin solution. Samples are injected into mice posthypoxia, intraperitoneally. Ep activity is measured by its stimulation of 59 Fe incorporation in red blood cells. 59 Fe incorporation is determined in a gamma counter. The results are compared to those obtained using the second IRP from WHO.
  • Anti-Ep titers are determined by assaying for ability to neutralize Ep-stimulated 59 Fe incorporation in red blood cells.
  • the immunized laboratory animals are then finally bled.
  • Antisera from the bleedings after the last injection are isolated, assayed for anti-Ep titers, and purified by immunoaffinity chromatography to eliminate non-immunoglobulins.
  • the rabbit antisera are processed through a Sepharose 4B column to which goat-(anti-rabbit) Igs have been covalently linked.
  • the non-immunoglobulins are excluded from the column, while the specific Igs are eluted with, e.g., 3M sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) or 0.2M acetic acid.
  • the thus obtained specific immunoglobulin preparation is treated to separate Anti-Ep from Anti-I.
  • a highly purified Ep preparation is preferably used.
  • the present invention does not require pure Ep for antibody preparation and/or separation.
  • Partially purified Ep (or other partially purified antigen), prepared according to conventional methods, is adequate for carrying out the method of the present invention.
  • the antibody separation may be preferably accomplished by a new principle and procedure which employs reversible binding of antigen to a supporting matrix and thus permits subsequent recovery of valuable Ep (or other antigen) after it is used in the Anti-Ep (or other antibody) purification, without substantial loss of activity.
  • the antibody separation procedure utilizes the fact that Wheat germ Lectin-Sepharose 4B (WGLS) columns coated with purified Ep have differential affinity for their biospecific and immunospecific ligands.
  • WGLS Wheat germ Lectin-Sepharose 4B
  • Ep is bound to WGLS to produce a WGLS-Ep complex. Ep binds tightly to WGLS due to interaction of its N-acetyl-glucosaminyl residues with the wheat germ lectin.
  • Anti-Ep bound to the WGLS-Ep complex is eluted and preferably processed again through a regenerated WGLS-Ep column to insure complete resolution of Anti-Ep/Anti-I immunoglobulins.
  • the Anti-I-containing eluents from the first and the second separation are pooled and Anti-I are recovered therefrom. 3. Since the affinity between the constituents of the immune complex (Ep-(Anti-Ep)) is lower than the affinity between Ep and the sugar-lectin complex (WGLS-Ep), Anti-Ep from WGLS-Ep-(Anti-Ep) can be selectively eluted using a weak acid or a dissociation reagent.
  • WGLS ability of WGLS to bind Ep both at low pH and under dissociating conditions makes WGLS a useful adsorbent for Anti-Ep purification and at the same time enables recovery of the valuable Ep (see step 4 below).
  • the thus recovered Anti-Ep is separated from the eluent (e.g., by dialysis) lyophilized, and stored frozen for subsequent use. 4.
  • Ep can be recovered from WGLS-Ep, once Anti- Ep has been eluted, by further elution, preferably with N-acetylglucosamine or N,N-diacetylchitobiose. This is not possible under conventional immunoaffinity procedures since, normally, the immunoadsorbent is irreversibly coupled to the supporting matrix and cannot be recovered.
  • the column of WGLS-Ep can be regenerated and can be reused.
  • the thus recovered Anti-Ep and Anti-I are separately covalently linked to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B.
  • the coupling procedure has been generally described by Axen, R. et al "Chemical Coupling of Peptides and Proteins to Polysaccharides by Means of Cyanogen Halides" Nature, 214:1302-1304, 1967.
  • the Sepharose-(Anti-Ep) and Sepharose-(Anti I) so prepared are used in column form for the direct immunoaffinity chromatography (DIAC) and reversed immunoaffinity chromatography (RIAC) purification of Ep.
  • DIAC direct immunoaffinity chromatography
  • RIAC reversed immunoaffinity chromatography
  • Ep purified by HIC is further purified by DIAC on a Sepharose-(Anti-Ep) column.
  • This purification results in exclusion of the majority of contaminants from the column, which are carried off in the effluent, while Ep is retained on the column. It is important to note, however, that at this stage some antibodies to some minor impurities will be present in the Sepharose-(Anti-Ep) column because of the lack of homogeneous Ep in the immunoaffinity purification of the Anti-Ep.
  • Ep from the Sepharose-(Anti-Ep) column is eluted with an appropriate buffer. Choice of buffer is important in preserving Ep activity.
  • a polarity reducing agent such as glycerol or another common 1,2-glycol
  • a dissociation agent such as guanidine hydrochloride or urea
  • an alkaline eluant such as NaOH
  • ethylene glycol and guanidine hydrochloride which can be easily removed and which appear to have no detrimental effect on Ep activity.
  • the thus eluted Ep is dialyzed (preferably immediately and thoroughly) against water and sodium phosphate buffer. Under these conditions, DIAC is very efficient, offering a high purification factor (usually about 169-fold over HIC) and a high yield (usually about 80% or higher).
  • DIAC the main limitation of DIAC is the impurities in the original Ep preparation. The antibodies against these impurities are carried over in the purification system and immunoadsorb their antigens in the Sepharose-(Anti-Ep) column. As a consequence, the purity of the DIAC product cannot exceed that of the original Ep used in preparation of the WGLS column (Step 1) for antibody purification.
  • Sepharose-(Anti-I) column will be able to provide sufficient antibody sites to bind substantially all the impurities contained in the DIAC-purified Ep.
  • the impurities removed in the reverse immunoaffinity step are a constant set of residual urinary contaminants; and they have been copurified with Ep in many separation techniques, and are therefore fairly uniform from batch to batch.
  • crude urine from a source different from that employed to generate the antisera can be effectively purified by the HIC-DIAC-RIAC procedure.
  • the amount of Anti-I required for immunoadsorption of these minor impurities of DIAC-purified Ep is small relative to the total capacity of the Sepharose-(Anti I) column. Furthermore, since reverse immunoaffinity chromatography immunoadsorbs only the contaminating impurities, no desorption of Ep is required, thus minimizing manipulation of valuable samples and increasing yield accordingly.
  • the impurities retained on the column can be subsequently dissociated from the immunoadsorbent by eluting with an appropriate acidic eluent. The column is thus regenerated and ready for subsequent use.
  • DIAC-RIAC purified Ep can be tested for homogeneity by attempting further purification using conventional purification techniques (preferably chromatographic techniques and/or gel filtration), and assayed for biological activity.
  • the DIAC-RIAC purified Ep is further tested for homogeneity and characterized by electrophoretic techniques, such as gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and disc electrophoresis in non-dissociating systems according to well-known methods described by: (a) Laemmli, U.K.: Cleavage of Structural Proteins During the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T 4 , Nature 227: 680-685, 1970; (b) Catsimpoolas, N.
  • Ep is a weak immunogen. Accordingly, availability of pure Ep and choice of the initial immunization procedure (animals, sites and schedules) may substantially affect the efficiency of hybridoma production and the ability of the hybridoma to reliably secrete monoclonal Anti-Ep having the requisite properties.
  • In vivo immunization is, therefore, preferred.
  • Female laboratory mice are preferably used. Multiple injections in multiple sites increase the probability of obtaining a satisfactory immune response. Immune response is assayed, preferably, by Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) according to the procedure of Klinman, N.R. "The Mechanism of Antigenic Stimulation of Primary and Secondary Clonal Precursor Cells” J. Exp. Med. 135:241-260 (1972), as set forth in detail in Example 2, below.
  • SPRIA Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay
  • the Ep-neutralizing ability of immune mouse serum is preferably assayed by the in vivo exhypoxic polycythemic mouse method, as described in the Ep Purification Patent Application, as said method is the most reliable (though also the most expensive and time-consuming).
  • mice with an acceptable immune response are selected. Immune response is measured by Anti-Ep titer and Ep-neutralizing titer. For the response to be considered acceptable, Anti-Ep titer should show at least 50% binding at 1:10,000 serial dilution (Figure 1A) and Ep-neutralizing titer should show neutralization of over 100 Ep units/ml of mouse serum. These performance characteristics are rather daunting, considering the weak immunogenic properties of Ep. Accordingly, the Ep used for immunization should be the purest possible and the number of mice immunized should be relatively large. Generally, assuming careful selection and execution of the immunization protocol, about one mouse in six immunized will exhibit an acceptable immune response.
  • Hybridomas are fused from spleen lymphocytes of the mice showing acceptable immune response and from non-secreting mouse myeloma cells.
  • NS-1 a non-immunoglobulin secreting myeloma cell line of Balb/c origin, commercially available (from Mutant Cell Repository, Institute of Medical Research, Camden, N.J.) and resistant to 8-azaguanine is preferred.
  • Other types of myeloma cell lines that, in principle, would also be suitable include those discussed in Kohler, G. , Howe, S.C., and Milstein, K.; Fusion
  • Fusion hybrids are fed and grown in selective media. Surviving hybridoma cells from these media are propagated in culture and their culture media are screened for the presence of Anti-Ep by solid phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) in accordance with the method of Klinman, supra.
  • SPRIA solid phase radioimmunoassay
  • Positive hybridoma cultures are then assayed for Ep-neutralization, preferably by the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse method. After Ep-binding and/or Ep-neutralizatlon have been confirmed, the positive hybridoma cultures are immediately cloned and grown in liquid media. Immediate cloning and recloning are necessary to ensure hydridoma stability. It is customary in the art not to consider a hybridoma culture stable until 100% of clone colonies derived from positive cultures upon recloning are also positive. The stability of hybridoma cells of the present invention has been confirmed by prolonged storage (1 to 2 years) without decline in Anti-Ep secretion. Three stable clones were thus isolated (hereinafter designated as 7A7, 7B9, and 2A10) from 6460 hybridomas in a total of 10 fusions.
  • Ascites tumor can be induced by intraperitoneal injection of cloned hybridoma cells into pristane primed syngeneic mice (about 10 7 hybridoma cells per primed mouse). After ascites has been allowed to develop for several (preferably 2-3) weeks, ascitic fluid is harvested from the peritoneal cavity (multiple collections are possible and desirable, since the objective is to obtain as much hybridoma as possible). Monoclonal Anti-Ep activity of ascitic fluid is tested by SPRIA.
  • the ascites immunoglobulin In order to confirm that the ascites Anti-Ep activity is in fact due to immunoglobulin, and in order to prepare stable antibody preparations, free of degradative enzymes such as proteases and nucleases, suitable for Ep-purification, for Ep mRNA identification and screening of an Ep-cDNA library, the ascites immunoglobulin must be purified. Ascites immunoglobulin and its subclass are characterized to help design and develop the most effective purification procedures.
  • immunoglobulin chains are characterized, preferably by use of an isotype-specific rabbit Anti-mouse immunoglobulin kit (Boehringer-Mannhelm, Indianapolis, Indiana). This test is also used to confirm the results after immunoglobulin purification.
  • the types of the three antibodies corresponding to the three stable clones produced in this work were: IgG2a/k (from 7A7), and IgGl/k (from 7B9 and 2A10).
  • the antibody purification technique was subject to optimization, as many of the available methods presented serious drawbacks.
  • Protein A-Sepharose affinity chromatography is generally satisfactory for the purification of IgG2a/k.
  • this affinity adsorbent fails to bind IgGl efficiently (even at a slightly basic pH such as 8.4).
  • DEAE-cellulose diethylaminoethyl cellulose
  • Sephadex G-200 gel filtration fails to remove all contaminating proteases and nucleases.
  • These degradative enzymes are deleterious to the antibodies, to Ep activity (during immunoaffinity chromatography purification using monoclonal Anti-Ep as the adsorbent) and to Ep-mRNA stability (during purification by polysome immunoprecipitation).
  • DEAE-Affi gel blue chromatography does remove protease and RNase effectively but is difficult to optimize (maximum resolution conditions have to be determined separately for each antibody) and often results in low yields.
  • Protein A-Sepharose CL4B affinity chromatography followed by precipitation of the eluted IgG2a with ammonium sulfate, is used for purification of monoclonal Anti-Ep 7A7. The yield is usually at least 90%.
  • Affinity purified goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin covalently coupled to Sepharose 4B is effective for IgGl purification and remove protease and RNase.
  • native Ep binding is determined by immunoblot and 125 I-Ep (denatured) binding is determined by immunoprecipitation.
  • Hybridoma 7A7 is a much stronger Anti-Ep producer than either 7B9 or 2A10, secreting more than ten times as much antibody. Of the three antibodies isolated in this work, only 2A10 neutralizes Ep. All three antibodies recognize (bind to) both native and 125 I-labeled Ep.
  • the increasaed binding affinity of the an1 ⁇ 4 tibodies of the present invention is extremely significant because it permits the non-neutralizing antibodies disclosed herein to be used in Ep purification by immunoaffinity chromatography using purified monoclonal Anti-Ep as the immunoadsorbent.
  • Immunoglobulin from 7A7(IgG2a) is preferred because it is secreted in larger quantities, it can be effectively purified (with a high yield), and it does not neutralize (and thus possibly inactivate) Ep.
  • the production and purification of monoclonal Anti-Ep according to the present invention is expected to facilitate studies on erythropoiesis.
  • the monoclonal Anti-Ep of the present invention provides useful probes for detection of Ep-synthesizing cells, Ep-responsive cells and Ep specific receptors, and can be used advantageously in conjunction with immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay techniques.
  • the regulation of Ep-gene expression under both normal and pathological states can be studied by the identification of Ep-mRNA and its translation product using immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and immunoautoradiography.
  • the monoclonal antibodies of the present invention are useful probes in the cloning of Ep-gene and in the identification of the cloned Ep-gene product. Many of the above uses of monoclonal Anti-Ep have been confirmed in practice, as more fully set forth in the Ep Clone Patent Application.
  • Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) and tissue culture media were from Gibco, Grand Island, N.Y.
  • Sodium azide was from Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.
  • Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was from Schwartz Mann, Spring Valley, N.Y.;
  • the Antigen Human Ep was isolated from urine of anemic patients by Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography on
  • Phenyl-Sepharose CL4B and subsequently purified by Direct and Reverse Immunoaffinity Chromatography (DIAC-RIAC).

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Abstract

Peptide produisant une réaction immunochimique avec un anticorps monoclonal de l'érythropoïétine humaine, fragment d'ADN possédant une séquence assurant le codage de ce peptide, ainsi que molécule d'ADN recombinant dans laquelle est inséré le fragment d'ADN, et organisme transformé comprenant un vecteur d'expression dans lequel est insérée la molécule d'ADN, cet organisme étant à même de produire ledit peptide, soit directement soit sous la forme d'une protéine de fusion. La présente invention se rapporte également à des procédés de production de peptides, fragments d'ADN, molécules d'ADN et organismes transformés ci-décrits.
EP19850901141 1984-01-11 1985-01-11 CLONES DE cADN D'ERYTHROPOIETINE HUMAINE. Withdrawn EP0169239A4 (fr)

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US4558006A (en) * 1983-02-04 1985-12-10 Kirin-Amgen, Inc. A.T.C.C. HB8209 and its monoclonal antibody to erythropoietin
KR850004274A (ko) * 1983-12-13 1985-07-11 원본미기재 에리트로포이에틴의 제조방법
NZ210501A (en) * 1983-12-13 1991-08-27 Kirin Amgen Inc Erythropoietin produced by procaryotic or eucaryotic expression of an exogenous dna sequence
US4703008A (en) * 1983-12-13 1987-10-27 Kiren-Amgen, Inc. DNA sequences encoding erythropoietin
IL77081A (en) * 1984-12-04 1999-10-28 Genetics Inst AND sequence encoding human erythropoietin, a process for its preparation and a pharmacological preparation of human erythropoietin
US4677195A (en) * 1985-01-11 1987-06-30 Genetics Institute, Inc. Method for the purification of erythropoietin and erythropoietin compositions
DK173067B1 (da) * 1986-06-27 1999-12-13 Univ Washington Humant erythropoietin-gen, fremgangsmåde til ekspression deraf i transficerede cellelinier, de transficerede cellelinier sa
US5215896A (en) * 1987-03-20 1993-06-01 Creative Biomolecules, Inc. Leader sequences for the production of recombinant proteins
US5013653A (en) * 1987-03-20 1991-05-07 Creative Biomolecules, Inc. Product and process for introduction of a hinge region into a fusion protein to facilitate cleavage
US4835260A (en) * 1987-03-20 1989-05-30 Genetics Institute, Inc. Erythropoietin composition
FR2686899B1 (fr) * 1992-01-31 1995-09-01 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa Nouveaux polypeptides biologiquement actifs, leur preparation et compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant.
KR100400637B1 (ko) * 1996-02-06 2004-03-10 씨제이 주식회사 생물학적으로유용한펩타이드
US5952226A (en) * 1996-11-05 1999-09-14 Modex Therapeutiques Hypoxia responsive EPO producing cells
EP2261250B1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2015-07-01 Human Genome Sciences, Inc. Protéines de fusion d'albumine et GCSF

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EP0006694A2 (fr) * 1978-06-08 1980-01-09 The President And Fellows Of Harvard College Procédé de préparation d'une protéine au choix
EP0148605B1 (fr) * 1983-12-13 1990-07-25 Kirin-Amgen, Inc. Production d'érythropoiétine

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JPS6045849B2 (ja) * 1980-08-25 1985-10-12 林原 健 ヒトエリトロポエチンの製造方法
US4503151A (en) * 1980-12-10 1985-03-05 Research Corporation Recombinant cDNA construction method and hybrid nucleotides useful in cloning

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EP0006694A2 (fr) * 1978-06-08 1980-01-09 The President And Fellows Of Harvard College Procédé de préparation d'une protéine au choix
EP0148605B1 (fr) * 1983-12-13 1990-07-25 Kirin-Amgen, Inc. Production d'érythropoiétine

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BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS/RRM, ref. no. 27023643, Biosciences Information Service; N.M. FARBER et al.: "Translation of messenger RNA from human kidneys into biologically active erythropoietin following micro injection into xenopus-laevis oocytes", & CLINICAL RESEARCH (USA), 1983, vol. 31, no. 4, page 769A *
BIOMED. BIOCHIM. ACTA, vol. 42, no. 11/12, 1983, pages 202-206; R. SASAKI et al.: "Isolation of erythropoietin by monoclonal antibody" *
See also references of WO8503079A1 *

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