EP0166133A1 - Interior boiler combustion chamber wall - Google Patents

Interior boiler combustion chamber wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0166133A1
EP0166133A1 EP85105633A EP85105633A EP0166133A1 EP 0166133 A1 EP0166133 A1 EP 0166133A1 EP 85105633 A EP85105633 A EP 85105633A EP 85105633 A EP85105633 A EP 85105633A EP 0166133 A1 EP0166133 A1 EP 0166133A1
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Prior art keywords
air
plate
nozzle
boiler
wall
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EP85105633A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0166133B1 (en
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Theodor Koch
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plate for arranging on the inside of the boiler furnace, in which plate at least three side surfaces are designed as guide surfaces for blowing out with compressed air and are provided to form an air nozzle with the adjacent plate, as well as a boiler furnace interior wall equipped with this plate and a Method of operating a boiler.
  • combustion chamber walls are conventionally formed from ceramic mass or refractory stones. Due to the possible local overheating, the fly ash melts and slag deposits form with the known negative consequences.
  • a more recent construction (DE-A-2 317 064) discloses a metallic plate wall as a lining of the inner walls of the combustion chamber, in particular in incinerators for burning garbage, which plates have rectangular or square shapes and are provided with special edge cams in order to separate between two successive plates to define in each case rectangular-slot-shaped nozzles, the outflow direction of which is perpendicular to the plate surface facing the combustion chamber, the relevant nozzle cross section being temperature-dependent in accordance with the respective plate dimensions.
  • the present invention has set itself the goal of creating a plate, which temperature-invariably doses the minimum amount of air required for cooling the plates and for the combustion process, also metered in direction, to the combustion chamber Was able.
  • Such a plate according to the invention is characterized in that two of the side surfaces are at least approximately perpendicular to the adjacent plate surface part to be turned towards the interior of the boiler and at least one side surface in the area of the air outlet edge is substantially inclined to this surface part.
  • a boiler furnace interior wall equipped with plates of this type is characterized according to the invention in that, in the case of rectangular or square plates, one or more slit-shaped nozzles are formed between two plates arranged next to or below one another, the cross-section of which is angled or curved, the smallest cross-section during operation in remains essentially constant in terms of temperature.
  • a part of a combustion chamber of a waste incineration plant is shown, with a section from a side wall 2.
  • the combustion chamber side wall 2 is provided against the combustion chamber 1 with a steel frame 4, which, as Fig. 3 shows, arranged at a corresponding distance from each other -Iron 5 with cross struts 6.
  • This U-iron 5 are embedded in the masonry 7.
  • curved lower side wall panels 10 and 11 are provided for lining, with a combustion chamber wall 12 facing the combustion chamber 1 and a rear wall 13 which is equipped with two hooks 14 and a number of cooling pins 15.
  • the pins 15 are arranged in rows offset from one another in order to obtain optimal heat transfer numbers with regard to the air which is passed through.
  • the lower end of the curved side wall panels 10 and 11 forms a flat horizontal lower side end wall 17, while a horizontal upper end wall 20 is provided at the top.
  • This wall 20 runs in a strip-shaped part 21 with a parallel Front wall 22 and rear wall 23, which walls 22 and 23 merge into the slope of the combustion chamber wall 24.
  • a first vertically hanging, flat side wall plate 40 or 28 is arranged, with a flat inclined lower side end wall 29, which is connected to the upper oblique edge part of the underlying plate 10 or 11 or the plate 40 or 28, as can be seen in FIG. 1, each defines a horizontal louvre nozzle 26.
  • the corresponding arrows show the direction of the air flowing out.
  • the nozzle inlet 32 of this louvre nozzle 26 runs vertically in order to then pass into the oblique nozzle mouth 34 via a kink 33.
  • the side wall panels 28 are provided with vertical side surfaces 36, which are terminated on both sides with a covering strip 37. With this strip 37, they cover a corresponding edge part of second rectangular, vertical side wall panels 40 and form with their side surfaces a slot nozzle 42 with a nozzle mouth 43 and a corresponding kink 44.
  • the nozzle is a temperature invariant with regard to its narrowest cross section, so that in this regard too here the amount of air flowing through remains constant.
  • nozzles By fitting round hats 35 in the end regions of the nozzle-forming surfaces, nozzles can be closed by means of appropriate cords 46, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the front panels 10, 11, 28 and 40 have overlaps. This prevents foreign bodies from entering the slot nozzles 26 and 42, respectively.
  • the air vents enter the combustion chamber in two directions through the louvers formed by the overlap.
  • the overlap enables thermal expansion without changing the air gap cross-section. Due to the small air slots with spacers 50, a high pressure build-up behind the front panels is possible, with the resultant uniform air distribution.
  • Air is led into the slot nozzle through the outer insulation wall.
  • the air absorbs the radiant heat emitted by the ceramic wall 7 in this case.
  • the warmed air is redirected and sweeps past the inside of the sloping plate and the inside of the front plate, is further heated by the heat given off by the plates and the cooling cams or pins, and flows through the air slots in two directions into the combustion chamber.
  • This air forms one in front of the front panels Air curtains (inclined nozzles 26) as they penetrate more deeply into the combustion chamber through the vertical nozzles 42.
  • This air takes part in the combustion as secondary air.
  • the air is blown back from the firebox walls by the air blown in two directions.
  • the radiant heat of the combustion chamber 1 is partially suppressed by the air curtain placed in front of the front panels.
  • the heat of the front panels, sloping panels and the ceramic wall, which is still absorbed by radiation, is reflected in the combustion chamber.
  • the air can be supplied from below.
  • the air absorbs the radiant heat from the ceramic wall, is passed through it, cools the front panels, partly passes through the air slots, which are optionally formed in size, and partly under the combustion grate into the combustion chamber, which air can be used as a downwind (primary air) .
  • combustion air can be preheated cost-effectively. Secondary air is supplied to the combustion at the hottest points in the combustion chamber and slag caking is avoided.
  • These panels can be used for side walls, lintels, secondary air beams, front and rear walls, deflections, etc.
  • the air supply can be from above, below, or from the side or combined.
  • Such incinerators which are intended in particular for burning waste, coal and wood, can be operated with a small amount of air as cooling, which is made possible by the special cooling effect of the cooling plates. As a result, the temperature of these panels on the combustion chamber side will not fall below 800 ° C during operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

1. Interior boiler combustion chamber wall (2) with panels (10, 11 ; 28, 40), in which stepped lateral surfaces (22, 29, 36) are formed as guide surfaces for blowing out with compressed air and are provided between two adjoining panels (11, 10 ; 40, 28) to form air nozzles (26, 42), characterized in that the air nozzles (26, 42) are slot-shaped and bent (22, 29) and that the nozzles have two opposite nozzle surfaces (22) which are at least approximately parallel to each other and to the main panel surfaces (12, 28), which nozzle surfaces in any operating condition define the narrowest nozzle cross-section, so that said nozzle cross-section remains at least approximately constant with invariant temperature.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Platte zum Anordnen an Kesselfeuerraum-Innenwänden, bei welcher Platte mindestens drei Seitenflächen als Leitflächen für das Ausblasen mit Druckluft ausgebildet und zur Bildung einer Luftdüse mit der jeweils benachbarten Platte vorgesehen sind sowie eine mit dieser Platte ausgerüstete Kesselfeuerraum-Innenwand und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizkessels.The present invention relates to a plate for arranging on the inside of the boiler furnace, in which plate at least three side surfaces are designed as guide surfaces for blowing out with compressed air and are provided to form an air nozzle with the adjacent plate, as well as a boiler furnace interior wall equipped with this plate and a Method of operating a boiler.

In Verbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere in Müllverbrennungsanlagen, werden herkömmlicherweise die Feuerraumwände aus keramischer Masse oder feuerfesten Steinen gebildet. Durch die mögliche örtliche Ueberhitzung schmilzt die Flugasche und es bilden sich Schlackenansätze mit den bekannten negativen Folgen.In combustion plants, in particular in waste incineration plants, the combustion chamber walls are conventionally formed from ceramic mass or refractory stones. Due to the possible local overheating, the fly ash melts and slag deposits form with the known negative consequences.

Bei Bildung der Feuerraumwände mit wassergekühlten bzw. dampfgekchlten Kesselrohren sind dagegen die Korrosionsprohleme zu beachten.In contrast, when forming the combustion chamber walls with water-cooled or steam-cooled boiler tubes, the corrosion problems must be observed.

Vorrichtungen zur Regelung der LuEtmengen, insbesondere für grössere Feuerungen, bei welchen durchlochte, gegeneinander in einer Ebene verschiebbare Platten verwendet wurden, waren schon Ende des letzten Jahrhunderts bekannt. Derartige Luftzuführungen an Feuerungen wurden mit Hilfe zueinander versetzter, durchlochter Platten vorgenommen, von denen die eine oder beide, mit Durchlochungen entsprechenden schrägflächigen Ansätzen versehen waren, wie dies im einzelnen in der DE-A- 94 822 erläutert ist.Devices for regulating the air volume, in particular for larger furnaces, in which perforated plates which could be displaced relative to one another in a plane were used, were already known at the end of the last century. Such air supplies to furnaces were made with the aid of staggered, perforated plates, one or both of which were provided with oblique approaches corresponding to perforations, as is explained in detail in DE-A-94 822.

Dieses Problem beschäftigte aber auch andere Kesselwandkonstrukteure, wobei versucht wurde, derartige Platten in Form länglicher Rechtecke zu vereinen und damit Kesselfeuerraum-Innenwände mindestens stellenweise auszurüsten, wobei die nebeneinander liegenden Platten entsprechende schlitzförmige, im Querschnitt L-förmige Durchgänge festlegten, durch welche aus dem dahinterliegenden Druckraum Kühlluft ausströmte.This problem also concerned other boiler wall designers, however, attempts were made to combine such panels in the form of elongated rectangles and thus to equip the boiler furnace interior walls at least in places, the adjacent panels defining corresponding slit-shaped passages with an L-shaped cross section, through which the one behind them Pressure chamber cooling air flowed out.

Diese Luft dient der Kühlung der Platten, um ein Anbacken von geschmolzener Flugasche u. dgl. zu verhüten. (US-A- 1 620 488)This air is used to cool the plates to prevent molten fly ash from baking on. to prevent. (US-A-1 620 488)

Einzelne Durchgänge kreisförmigen Querschnittes zwischen den sich im übrigen berührenden Platten, welche auf diese Weise lotrechte Düsenreihen bildeten, wurden durch spätere Konstruktionen bekannt. (GB-A- 1 230 864)Individual passages of circular cross-section between the otherwise touching plates, which in this way formed vertical rows of nozzles, became known through later designs. (GB-A- 1 230 864)

Eine neuere Konstruktion (DE-A- 2 317 064) offenbart eine metallische Plattenwand als Auskleidung von Feuerrauminnenwänden, insbesondere in Verbrennungsöfen zum Verbrennen von Müll, welche Platten rechteckige bzw. quadratische Formen aufweisen und mit speziellen Randnocken versehen sind, um zwischen zwei sich folgenden Platten jeweils rechteckig-schlitzförmige Düsen festzulegen, deren Ausström-Richtung senkrecht zur dem Feuerraum zugekehrten Plattenfläche ist, wobei der massgebende Düsenquerschnitt entsprechend den jeweiligen Plattendimensionen temperaturabhängig ist.A more recent construction (DE-A-2 317 064) discloses a metallic plate wall as a lining of the inner walls of the combustion chamber, in particular in incinerators for burning garbage, which plates have rectangular or square shapes and are provided with special edge cams in order to separate between two successive plates to define in each case rectangular-slot-shaped nozzles, the outflow direction of which is perpendicular to the plate surface facing the combustion chamber, the relevant nozzle cross section being temperature-dependent in accordance with the respective plate dimensions.

Die wesentlichen Nachteile,welche in einzelnen Punkten diesen Ausführungen anhaften, sind:

  • 1. Zu grosser Luftverbrauch
  • 2. Mögliches Eindringen von Fremdkörpern durch die relativ grossen Luftschlitze
  • 3. Geringer bzw. fehlender Luftdruckaufbau hinter den Frontplatten und der daraus resultierenden ungleichmässigen Luftverteilung in den Düsen
  • 4. Mangelhafte Kühlung der Frontplatten, infolge fehlender Kühlrippen bzw. fehlender Kühlrippen im Randgebiet der Frontplatten.
The main disadvantages that are inherent in these points are:
  • 1. Air consumption too high
  • 2. Possible penetration of foreign bodies through the relatively large louvers
  • 3. Little or no air pressure build-up behind the front panels and the resulting uneven air distribution in the nozzles
  • 4. Inadequate cooling of the front panels due to a lack of cooling fins or a lack of cooling fins in the peripheral area of the front panels.

In der Erkenntnis, dass für Verbrennungsöfen von Müll die den Kesselfeuerraum innen abgrenzenden derartigen Platten keine sog. kalten Taschen bilden dürfen, deren Temperaturen unter 800° C sinken und unter Berücksichtigung, dass eine gewisse Kühlung der Platten erfolgen muss und eine minimale Luftmenge nicht nur wegen des Kühlens, sondern auch wegen des verlangten vollständigen Verbrennungsvorganges unbedingt nötig ist, hat sich die vorliegende Erfindung die Schaffung einer Platte zum Ziel gesetzt, welche temperaturinvariant die zur Kühlung der Platten und zum Verbrennungsvorgang minimal nötige Luftmenge, auch nach Richtung dosiert, dem Feuerraum zuzuführen im Stande ist.Recognizing that for garbage incinerators, the panels of this type that delimit the inside of the boiler firing chamber must not form so-called cold pockets, the temperatures of which drop below 800 ° C and taking into account that the panels have to be cooled to a certain extent and not only because of a minimal amount of air cooling, but also absolutely necessary because of the required complete combustion process, the present invention has set itself the goal of creating a plate, which temperature-invariably doses the minimum amount of air required for cooling the plates and for the combustion process, also metered in direction, to the combustion chamber Was able.

Eine derartige Platte gemäss der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass zwei der Seitenflächen mindestens annähernd senkrecht auf dem, dem Kesselinnern zuzukehrenden benachbarten Platten-Flächenteil stehn und mindestens eine Seitenfläche im Bereich der Luftaustrittskante wesentlich zu diesem Flächenteil geneigt ist.Such a plate according to the invention is characterized in that two of the side surfaces are at least approximately perpendicular to the adjacent plate surface part to be turned towards the interior of the boiler and at least one side surface in the area of the air outlet edge is substantially inclined to this surface part.

Eine mit Platten dieser Art ausgerüstete Kesselfeuerraum-Innenwand ist erfindungsgemäss dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei rechteckförmigen oder quadratischen Platten, zwischen zwei neben- oder untereinander angeordneten Platten eine oder mehrere schlitzförmige Düsen entstehen, deren Querschnitt abgewinkelt oder gekrümmt ist, wobei der kleinste Querschnitt im Betrieb im wesentlichen temperaturinvariant konstant bleibt.A boiler furnace interior wall equipped with plates of this type is characterized according to the invention in that, in the case of rectangular or square plates, one or more slit-shaped nozzles are formed between two plates arranged next to or below one another, the cross-section of which is angled or curved, the smallest cross-section during operation in remains essentially constant in terms of temperature.

Die Erfindung wird anschliessend beispielsweise anhand einer Figur erläutert.The invention is subsequently explained, for example, using a figure.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Ausschnitt aus einem Schnitt einer Feuerraumseitenwand eines Müllverbrennungsofens mit Plattenwand, gemäss Schnittlinie I - 1 der Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 2 eine Ansicht von der Feuerraumseite her auf den Ausschnitt der Feuerraumseitenwand gemäss Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt durch die Feuerraumseitenwand gemäss Schnittlinie III - III der Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 4 und 5 eine vergrösserte Darstellung des in Fig. 3 eingekreisten Ueberganges zweier nebeneinander liegender senkrechter Platten mit Bildung der vertikalen Luftdüse.
Show it:
  • 1 shows a section of a section of a combustion chamber side wall of a waste incinerator with a panel wall, according to section line I - 1 of FIG. 2,
  • 2 shows a view from the combustion chamber side of the detail of the combustion chamber side wall according to FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a section through the combustion chamber side wall according to section line III - III of FIG. 2,
  • 4 and 5 an enlarged view of the transition circled in FIG. 3 of two adjacent vertical plates with formation of the vertical air nozzle.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Teil eines Feuerraumes einer Kehrichtverbrennungsanlage dargestellt, mit einem Ausschnitt aus einer Seitenwand 2. Die Feuerraumseitenwand 2 ist gegen den Feuerraum 1 hin mit einem Stahlgerüst 4 versehen, das, wie Fig. 3 zeigt, in entsprechendem Abstand voneinander angeordnete U-Eisen 5 mit Querstreben 6 aufweist. Diese U-Eisen 5 sind im Mauerwerk 7 eingebettet. Sie legen Luftkanäle 9 fest.In Fig. 1, a part of a combustion chamber of a waste incineration plant is shown, with a section from a side wall 2. The combustion chamber side wall 2 is provided against the combustion chamber 1 with a steel frame 4, which, as Fig. 3 shows, arranged at a corresponding distance from each other -Iron 5 with cross struts 6. This U-iron 5 are embedded in the masonry 7. You define air channels 9.

Entsprechend der Form des unteren Teiles des Feuerraumes 1 sind zur Auskleidung gekrümmte untere Seitenwandplatten 10 und 11 vorgesehen, mit einer dem Feuerraum 1 zugekehrten Feuerraumwand 12 und einer Hinterwand 13, die mit zwei Haken 14 und einer Anzahl Kühlzapfen 15 ausgerüstet ist. Die Zapfen 15 sind in gegeneinander versetzten Reihen angeordnet, um optimale Wärmeübergangszahlen bezüglich der durchstreichenden Luft zu erhalten.Corresponding to the shape of the lower part of the combustion chamber 1, curved lower side wall panels 10 and 11 are provided for lining, with a combustion chamber wall 12 facing the combustion chamber 1 and a rear wall 13 which is equipped with two hooks 14 and a number of cooling pins 15. The pins 15 are arranged in rows offset from one another in order to obtain optimal heat transfer numbers with regard to the air which is passed through.

Den unteren Abschluss der gekrümmten Seitenwandplatten 10 und 11 bildet eine ebene horizontale untere Seitenabschlusswand 17, während oben eine horizontale obere Abschlusswand 20 vorgesehen ist. Diese Wand 20 läuft in einen leistenförmigen Teil 21 mit paralleler Vorderwand 22 und Hinterwand 23 aus, welche Wände 22 und 23 in die Schräge der Feuerraumwand 24 übergehen. Ueber dieser Seitenwandplatte 10 bzw. 11 ist eine erste senkrecht hängende, ebene Seitenwandplatte 40 bzw. 28 angeordnet, mit einer ebenen geneigten unteren Seitenabschlusswand 29, welche mit dem oberen schrägen Randteil der darunterliegenden Platte 10 bzw. 11 oder der darüber liegenden Platte 40 bzw. 28, wie in Fig.1 ersichtlich, je eine horizontale Luftschlitzdüse 26 festlegt. Die entsprechenden Pfeile geben die Richtung der ausströmenden Luft wieder. Der Düseneinlauf 32 dieser Luftschlitzdüse 26 verläuft vertikal, um dann über eine Knickstelle 33 in den schrägen Düsenmund 34 überzugehen. Dadurch, dass unabhängig von der Temperatur der Platten 10, 11, 28 und 40 die Schlitzbreite des Düseneinlaufes 32 konstant bleibt und dieser Düseneinlauf 32 im Querschnitt, unabhängig von der Betriebstemperatur, höchstens gleich gross ist wie der Querschnitt des Düsenmundes 34, bildet diese Düse bezüglich Durchflussquerschnitt eine Invariante.The lower end of the curved side wall panels 10 and 11 forms a flat horizontal lower side end wall 17, while a horizontal upper end wall 20 is provided at the top. This wall 20 runs in a strip-shaped part 21 with a parallel Front wall 22 and rear wall 23, which walls 22 and 23 merge into the slope of the combustion chamber wall 24. Above this side wall plate 10 or 11, a first vertically hanging, flat side wall plate 40 or 28 is arranged, with a flat inclined lower side end wall 29, which is connected to the upper oblique edge part of the underlying plate 10 or 11 or the plate 40 or 28, as can be seen in FIG. 1, each defines a horizontal louvre nozzle 26. The corresponding arrows show the direction of the air flowing out. The nozzle inlet 32 of this louvre nozzle 26 runs vertically in order to then pass into the oblique nozzle mouth 34 via a kink 33. Characterized in that the slot width of the nozzle inlet 32 remains constant regardless of the temperature of the plates 10, 11, 28 and 40 and this cross section of the nozzle inlet 32, regardless of the operating temperature, is at most as large as the cross section of the nozzle mouth 34, forms this nozzle with respect Flow cross-section an invariant.

Die Seitenwandplatten 28 sind mit vertikalen Seitenflächen 36 versehen, welche auf beiden Seiten mit einer Ueberdeckungsleiste 37 ihren Abschluss finden. Sie überdecken mit dieser Leiste 37 einen entsprechenden Randteil von zweiten rechteckigen, senkrechten Seitenwandplatten 40 und bilden mit deren Seitenflächen eine Schlitzdüse 42 mit einem Düsenmund 43 und einem entsprechenden Knick 44. Auch hier ist die Düse bezüglich ihrem engsten Querschnitt eine Temperaturinvariante, so dass diesbezüglich auch hier die durchströmende Luftmenge konstant bleibt.The side wall panels 28 are provided with vertical side surfaces 36, which are terminated on both sides with a covering strip 37. With this strip 37, they cover a corresponding edge part of second rectangular, vertical side wall panels 40 and form with their side surfaces a slot nozzle 42 with a nozzle mouth 43 and a corresponding kink 44. Here too, the nozzle is a temperature invariant with regard to its narrowest cross section, so that in this regard too here the amount of air flowing through remains constant.

Durch Anbringen von Rundhuten 35 in die Endbereiche der düsenbildenden Flächen, können Düsen mittels entsprechender Schnüre 46 verschlossen werden, wie dies Fig. 5 zeigt.By fitting round hats 35 in the end regions of the nozzle-forming surfaces, nozzles can be closed by means of appropriate cords 46, as shown in FIG. 5.

Es ist ferner zweckmässig, zur besseren Luftführung im Bereich der Zapfen 15 Leitbleche 48 vorzusehen.It is also expedient to provide 15 baffles 48 in the region of the pins for better air guidance.

Die Frontplatten 10, 11, 28 und 40 weisen Ueberlappungen auf. Dadurch wird ein Eindringen von Fremdkörpern in die Schlitzdüsen 26 bzw. 42 vermieden. Durch die von der Ueberlappung gebildeten Luftschlitze tritt die Luft in zwei Richtungen in den Feuerraum. Durch die Ueberlappung werden Wärmeausdehnungen ohne Veränderung des Luftspaltquerschnittes möglich. Durch die klein ausgebildeten Luftschlitze mit Distanzhaltern 50 ist ein hoher Druckaufbau hinter den Frontplatten möglich, mit der daraus resultierenden gleichmässigen Luftverteilung.The front panels 10, 11, 28 and 40 have overlaps. This prevents foreign bodies from entering the slot nozzles 26 and 42, respectively. The air vents enter the combustion chamber in two directions through the louvers formed by the overlap. The overlap enables thermal expansion without changing the air gap cross-section. Due to the small air slots with spacers 50, a high pressure build-up behind the front panels is possible, with the resultant uniform air distribution.

Durch die äussere Isolationswand wird Luft in die Schlitzdüse geführt. Dabei nimmt die Luft die in diesem Fall von der keramischen Wand 7 abgegebene Strahlungswärme auf. Die aufgewärmte Luft wird umgelenkt und streicht an der Schrägplatteninnenseite und der Frontplatteninnenseite vorbei, wird durch die von den Platten und den Kühlnocken oder -zapfen abgegebene Wärme weiter erhitzt und strömt durch die Luftschlitze in zwei Richtungen in den Feuerraum. Dabei bildet diese Luft einmal vor den Frontplatten einen Luftschleier (Schrägdüsen 26), während sie durch die vertikalen Düsen 42 stärker in den Feuerraum hineindringt. Diese Luft nimmt als Sekundärluft an der Verbrennung teil. Durch die in zwei Richtungen eingeblasene Luft wird das Feuer sicher von den Feuerraumwänden zurückgedrängt. Durch den vor die Frontplatten gelegten Luftschleier wird die Strahlungswärme des Feuerraumes 1 zum Teil zurückgedrängt. Die noch durch Strahlung aufgenommene Wärme der Frontplatten, Schrägplatten und der keramischen Wand, wird in den Feuerraum reflektiert.Air is led into the slot nozzle through the outer insulation wall. In this case, the air absorbs the radiant heat emitted by the ceramic wall 7 in this case. The warmed air is redirected and sweeps past the inside of the sloping plate and the inside of the front plate, is further heated by the heat given off by the plates and the cooling cams or pins, and flows through the air slots in two directions into the combustion chamber. This air forms one in front of the front panels Air curtains (inclined nozzles 26) as they penetrate more deeply into the combustion chamber through the vertical nozzles 42. This air takes part in the combustion as secondary air. The air is blown back from the firebox walls by the air blown in two directions. The radiant heat of the combustion chamber 1 is partially suppressed by the air curtain placed in front of the front panels. The heat of the front panels, sloping panels and the ceramic wall, which is still absorbed by radiation, is reflected in the combustion chamber.

Möglich ist auch eine Ausführung des Wandaufbaus anstelle von Keramik mit Steinen, Metall- oder Isolationselementen. Die Luftzufuhr kann von unten erfolgen. Die Luft nimmt die Strahlungswärme der keramischen Wand auf, wird durch diese hindurchgeleitet, kühlt die Frontplatten ab, tritt teilweise durch die in der Grösse wahlweise gebildeten Luftschlitze und teilweise unter den Verbrennungsrost in den Feuerraum, wobei diese Luft als Unterwind (Primärluft) verwendet werden kann.It is also possible to design the wall structure instead of ceramic with stones, metal or insulation elements. The air can be supplied from below. The air absorbs the radiant heat from the ceramic wall, is passed through it, cools the front panels, partly passes through the air slots, which are optionally formed in size, and partly under the combustion grate into the combustion chamber, which air can be used as a downwind (primary air) .

Auf diese Art lässt sich kostengünstig die Verbrennungsluft vorwärmen. Sekundärluft wird an den heissesten Stellen im Feuerraum der Verbrennung zugeführt und Schlackenanbackungen werden vermieden.In this way, the combustion air can be preheated cost-effectively. Secondary air is supplied to the combustion at the hottest points in the combustion chamber and slag caking is avoided.

Durch die Zuführung der Sekundärluft an den heissesten Stellen und den vor die Frontplatten gelegten Luftschleier wird eine heisse, sauerstoffreiche Randzone gebildet, welche einen guten Wärmeübergang für den Dampfkessel bildet und die Korrosion vermeidet.By supplying the secondary air in the hottest places and the air in front of the front panels a hot, oxygen-rich edge zone is formed, which forms a good heat transfer for the steam boiler and avoids corrosion.

In der Mitte des Feuerraumes, konzentriert in eine sehr heisse Kernzone und durchmischt von Sekundärluft, können alle unverbrannten Gase, ohne in Berührung von Wänden und Kesselrohren zu kommen, ausbrennen. Co-Spitzen und deren Schäden sind somit gebannt.In the middle of the firebox, concentrated in a very hot core zone and mixed with secondary air, all unburned gases can burn out without coming into contact with walls and boiler tubes. Co-tips and their damage are thus averted.

Diese Platten können für Seitenwände, Stürze, Sekundärluftbalken, Vor- und Rückwände, Umlenkungen usw. verwendet werden. Die Luftzufuhr kann von oben, unten, oder seitlich erfolgen oder kombiniert.These panels can be used for side walls, lintels, secondary air beams, front and rear walls, deflections, etc. The air supply can be from above, below, or from the side or combined.

Derartige Verbrennungsöfen, welche insbesondere zum Verbrennen von Müll, Kohle und Holz vorgesehen sind, können mit einer geringen Luftmenge als Kühlung betrieben werden, was durch die besondere Kühlwirkung der Kühlplatten ermöglicht wird. Dadurch wird die Temperatur dieser Platten feuerraumseitig im Betrieb eine Temperatur von 800°C nicht unterschreiten.Such incinerators, which are intended in particular for burning waste, coal and wood, can be operated with a small amount of air as cooling, which is made possible by the special cooling effect of the cooling plates. As a result, the temperature of these panels on the combustion chamber side will not fall below 800 ° C during operation.

Claims (9)

1. Platte (10, 11; 28, 40) zum Anordnen an Kesselfeuerraum-Innenwänden (2), bei welcher Platte mindestens drei Seitenflächen (22, 29, 36) als Leitflächen für das Ausblasen mit Druckluft ausgebildet und zur Bildung einer Luftdüse (26, 42) mit der jeweils benachbarten Platte (11, 10; 40, 28) vorgesehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei der Seitenflächen (36) mindestens annähernd senkrecht auf dem, dem Kesselinnern (1) zuzukehrenden benachbarten Platten-Flächenteil (12) stehn und mindestens eine Seitenfläche (29) im Bereich der Luftaustrittskante (34) wesentlich zu diesem Flächenteil (12) geneigt ist.1. plate (10, 11; 28, 40) for arrangement on the inside of the boiler furnace (2), in which plate at least three side surfaces (22, 29, 36) are designed as guide surfaces for blowing out with compressed air and for forming an air nozzle (26 , 42) are provided with the respectively adjacent plate (11, 10; 40, 28), characterized in that two of the side surfaces (36) stand at least approximately perpendicularly on the adjacent plate surface part (12) to be turned towards the interior of the boiler (1) and at least one side surface (29) in the region of the air outlet edge (34) is substantially inclined to this surface part (12). 2. Platte, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückseite mit die Wärmeübergangsfläche vergrössernden Elementen, z.B. Zapfen (15) sowie gegebenenfalls mit Leitblechen (48) versehen ist, die vorzugsweise versetzt angeordnet sind.2. Plate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, characterized in that the back with elements increasing the heat transfer surface, e.g. Pin (15) and optionally provided with baffles (48), which are preferably arranged offset. 3. Platte, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Plattenenden (37) im Bereich der Ueberlappung mit Ausnehmungen (35) zum Einlegen einer Düsensperre (46) ausgebildet sind. (Fig. 5)3. Plate, preferably according to at least one of the claims, characterized in that the plate ends (37) are formed in the region of the overlap with recesses (35) for inserting a nozzle lock (46). (Fig. 5) 4. Platte (10, 11; 28, 40) zum Anordnen an Kesselfeuerraum-Innenwänden (2), bei welcher Platte alle Seitenflächen (22, 29, 36) als Leitflächen für das Ausblasen mit Druckluft ausgebildet und zur Bildung einer Luftdüse (26, 42) mit der jeweils benachbarten Platte (11, 10; 40, 28) vorgesehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei der Seitenflächen (36) mindestens annähernd senkrecht auf dem, dem Kesselinnern (1) zuzukehrenden benachbarten Platten-Flächenteil (12) stehn und zwei Seitenflächen (29) im Bereich der Luftaustrittskante (34) wesentlich zu diesem Flächenteil (12) geneigt sind.4. plate (10, 11; 28, 40) for arrangement on the inside of the boiler furnace (2), in which plate all side surfaces (22, 29, 36) are designed as guide surfaces for blowing out with compressed air and for forming an air nozzle (26, 42) with the respectively adjacent plate (11, 10; 40, 28), characterized in that two of the side surfaces (36) stand at least approximately perpendicularly on the adjacent plate surface part (12) to be turned towards the interior of the boiler (1) and two side surfaces (29) in the area of the air outlet edge (34) are substantially inclined to this surface part (12). 5. Mit Platten, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche ausgerüstete Kesselfeuerraum-Innenwand (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei rechteckförmigen oder quadratischen Platten (10, 11; 28, 40), zwischen zwei neben- oder untereinander angeordneten Platten (10, 10; 11, 11; 28, 28; 40, 40) eine oder mehrere schlitzförmige Düsen (26, 42) entstehen, deren Querschnitt abgewinkelt oder gekrümmt ist, wobei der kleinste Querschnitt (32) im Betrieb im wesentlichen temperaturinvariant konstant bleibt.5. Equipped with plates, preferably according to at least one of the claims, the boiler furnace inner wall (2), characterized in that in the case of rectangular or square plates (10, 11; 28, 40), between two plates (10, 10) arranged next to or below one another ; 11, 11; 28, 28; 40, 40) one or more slit-shaped nozzles (26, 42) are formed, the cross-section of which is angled or curved, the smallest cross-section (32) remaining essentially temperature-invariant during operation. 6. Innenwand, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Düsenquerschnitt - oder\―- förmig ist, wobei vorzugsweise der kleinste Querschnitt vom Düsenmund (34, 43) abliegt.6. inner wall, preferably according to at least one of the claims, characterized in that the nozzle cross-section is - or \ ―-shaped, preferably the smallest cross section from the nozzle mouth (34, 43). 7. Innenwand, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorzugsweise mit ungefähr 45° Neigung zu den senkrechten Platten (28, 40) ausblasenden Düsen (26) horizontal angeordnet sind.7. inner wall, preferably according to at least one of the claims, characterized in that the preferably with approximately 45 ° inclination to the vertical plates (28, 40) blowing nozzles (26) are arranged horizontally. 8. Innenwand, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Raum (9) vor dem Düseneinlauf (32) als Druckraum ausgebildet ist, um eine gleichmässige Luftbeaufschlagung der Luftdüsen (26, 42) sicherzustellen.8. inner wall, preferably according to at least one of the claims, characterized in that the space (9) in front of the nozzle inlet (32) is designed as a pressure space in order to ensure a uniform air supply to the air nozzles (26, 42). 9. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizkessels, vorzugsweise nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die durch die Düsen zwischen an Kesselfeuerraumwänden aufgebrachten Platten ausströmende Luftmenge derart festlegt, dass deren Oberflächentemperatur im Feuerraum G 800°C beträgt, um die Bildung kalter Taschen an den Feuerrauminnenwänden zu vermeiden.9. A method of operating a boiler, preferably according to at least one of the claims, characterized in that the amount of air flowing out through the nozzles between plates attached to the boiler furnace walls is determined in such a way that their surface temperature in the furnace is G 800 ° C to prevent the formation of cold pockets to avoid on the inside of the combustion chamber.
EP85105633A 1984-05-18 1985-05-08 Interior boiler combustion chamber wall Expired EP0166133B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85105633T ATE42631T1 (en) 1984-05-18 1985-05-08 BOILER FIRING ROOM INNER WALL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH245584 1984-05-18
CH2455/84 1984-05-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0166133A1 true EP0166133A1 (en) 1986-01-02
EP0166133B1 EP0166133B1 (en) 1989-04-26

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ID=4234216

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EP85105633A Expired EP0166133B1 (en) 1984-05-18 1985-05-08 Interior boiler combustion chamber wall

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EP (1) EP0166133B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE42631T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3569816D1 (en)

Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010022523A2 (en) * 2008-08-26 2010-03-04 Mokesys Ag Back-ventilated fire-resistant wall, in particular for a combustion furnace
EP2960579A1 (en) * 2014-06-24 2015-12-30 Norbert Langen Side wall cooling in combustion chambers for preventing slag encrusting on the peripheral area and in the boiler area
WO2016109904A1 (en) * 2015-01-07 2016-07-14 Mokesys Ag Fireproof wall, in particular for a combustion furnace
WO2016119069A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Mokesys Ag Air feed-in device for a combustion furnace

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202009011076U1 (en) 2009-09-28 2011-02-17 Th. Buschhoff Gmbh & Co. Vehicle for mobile compound feed preparation

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FR1297003A (en) * 1961-08-07 1962-06-22 construction element, its assembly process and installations obtained
DE2652507B1 (en) * 1976-11-18 1977-09-22 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Cooled plate curtain for furnace walls - is connected to fire grid by lowermost plates without distortion
DE3022126A1 (en) * 1979-06-14 1981-01-08 Bertrams Ag PLANT FOR COMBUSTION OF PUMPABLE INDUSTRIAL WASTE
EP0071742A2 (en) * 1981-08-07 1983-02-16 Deutsche Babcock-Bau GmbH Combustion chamber for a combustion apparatus
DE3230379A1 (en) * 1982-05-10 1983-11-10 Widmer & Ernst AG, 5430 Wettingen Process and apparatus for the combustion of materials in a combustion chamber

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FR1297003A (en) * 1961-08-07 1962-06-22 construction element, its assembly process and installations obtained
DE2652507B1 (en) * 1976-11-18 1977-09-22 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Cooled plate curtain for furnace walls - is connected to fire grid by lowermost plates without distortion
DE3022126A1 (en) * 1979-06-14 1981-01-08 Bertrams Ag PLANT FOR COMBUSTION OF PUMPABLE INDUSTRIAL WASTE
EP0071742A2 (en) * 1981-08-07 1983-02-16 Deutsche Babcock-Bau GmbH Combustion chamber for a combustion apparatus
DE3230379A1 (en) * 1982-05-10 1983-11-10 Widmer & Ernst AG, 5430 Wettingen Process and apparatus for the combustion of materials in a combustion chamber

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010022523A2 (en) * 2008-08-26 2010-03-04 Mokesys Ag Back-ventilated fire-resistant wall, in particular for a combustion furnace
WO2010022523A3 (en) * 2008-08-26 2010-04-22 Mokesys Ag Back-ventilated fire-resistant wall, in particular for a combustion furnace
US20110146596A1 (en) * 2008-08-26 2011-06-23 Mokesys Ag Back-ventilated refractory wall for an incinerator
JP2012500957A (en) * 2008-08-26 2012-01-12 モケジュス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト Back ventilation type fire wall especially for incinerator
EP2960579A1 (en) * 2014-06-24 2015-12-30 Norbert Langen Side wall cooling in combustion chambers for preventing slag encrusting on the peripheral area and in the boiler area
WO2016109904A1 (en) * 2015-01-07 2016-07-14 Mokesys Ag Fireproof wall, in particular for a combustion furnace
CH710597A1 (en) * 2015-01-07 2016-07-15 Mokesys Ag Refractory wall, in particular for an incinerator.
WO2016119069A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Mokesys Ag Air feed-in device for a combustion furnace
CH710683A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-15 Mokesys Ag Device for feeding air into the combustion chamber of a combustion furnace.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3569816D1 (en) 1989-06-01
ATE42631T1 (en) 1989-05-15
EP0166133B1 (en) 1989-04-26

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