EP0162834B1 - Séparateur magnétique - Google Patents

Séparateur magnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0162834B1
EP0162834B1 EP19850890117 EP85890117A EP0162834B1 EP 0162834 B1 EP0162834 B1 EP 0162834B1 EP 19850890117 EP19850890117 EP 19850890117 EP 85890117 A EP85890117 A EP 85890117A EP 0162834 B1 EP0162834 B1 EP 0162834B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
force
coils
magnetic field
magnetic separator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850890117
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0162834A3 (en
EP0162834A2 (fr
Inventor
Harald Dipl.-Ing. Fillunger
Stephan Dr. Gründorfer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Andritz Hydro GmbH Austria
Original Assignee
Andritz Hydro GmbH Austria
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andritz Hydro GmbH Austria filed Critical Andritz Hydro GmbH Austria
Publication of EP0162834A2 publication Critical patent/EP0162834A2/fr
Publication of EP0162834A3 publication Critical patent/EP0162834A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0162834B1 publication Critical patent/EP0162834B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/035—Open gradient magnetic separators, i.e. separators in which the gap is unobstructed, characterised by the configuration of the gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic separator, preferably for separating materials with small differences in magnetic susceptibility, consisting of excitation coils to create a magnetic field in the separating volume in which the particles to be separated are exposed to a counterforce and a component of the magnetic force.
  • the magnetic separators used industrially today are generally well suited to separating materials with ferromagnetic or strongly paramagnetic properties from other materials with diamagnetic or weakly paramagnetic properties. A separation of materials with only slight differences in their paramagnetic properties is only possible in some magnetic separators that are suitable for laboratory purposes.
  • gravity is used as counterforce, which is why it is required that the cutting force density f should be constant over the cutting volume.
  • the magnetic field that meets these conditions is referred to in this document as an isodynamic magnetic field.
  • Such a magnetic field is approximated by a specially shaped magnetic pole contour of an electromagnet with an iron yoke. If you want a different size as a counterforce, e.g. B. use the centrifugal force, the separation force density f must have the same spatial distribution as the counterforce.
  • the level of magnetic induction is essentially limited to the saturation induction of the iron yoke.
  • the greatest possible density of the cutting force is defined.
  • the maximum magnetic induction must be increased if the geometry remains the same, or the geometric dimension must be reduced if the maximum induction remains the same.
  • a method for separating magnetic from non-magnetic particles is known.
  • a magnet that can be used for magnetic separation is described, which, due to its arrangement, generates a mainly radial and a weak axial magnetic field in the separation volume.
  • the particles to be separated move perpendicular to the magnetic field and to the magnetic field gradient under the influence of gravity.
  • the magnetic fields and magnetic field gradients arising in this magnetic separator are therefore not matched to the counterforces created by gravity.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a magnetic separator which avoids the disadvantages of the above-mentioned magnetic fields and generates a magnetic field in which, for a certain volume sensitivity, the generated separating force is adapted to a corresponding counterforce, without being limited by the saturation induction of an iron yoke.
  • the magnetic separator according to the invention is characterized in that an equilibrium of forces is generated between the magnetic force and the opposing counterforce on the particles located in the separating volume, the magnetic field being largely induced by the shape and position of the excitation coils.
  • the magnetic field is induced by rotationally symmetrical coils, which are arranged symmetrically to the cutting volume and flow through in opposite directions with respect to the plane of symmetry and comprise the cutting volume and the Radius of the center of the vaginal volume is smaller than the largest radius of the excitation coils, but larger than the smallest radius of the excitation coils.
  • the magnetic field is induced by elongated coils, the long sides of the coil being arranged symmetrically to a plane of symmetry and comprising the sheath volume arranged symmetrically to the plane of symmetry.
  • excitation coils are made of normally conductive material. This version is sufficient for certain vaginal problems. It is an economically viable solution.
  • the excitation coils are made from superconductors. Weakly magnetic materials can only be separated using magnetic fields that can be generated from superconductors.
  • one or more iron cores or iron yokes are provided to increase the magnetic induction or to reduce the number of ampere turns.
  • one or more iron yokes or a normally conducting or a superconducting surface are provided for shielding the magnetic field.
  • a rotationally symmetrical excitation coil arrangement is shown in the figure, 1 denoting the axis of rotation and 2 denoting the plane of symmetry.
  • the excitation coils 3 and 5, which are arranged above the plane of symmetry 2, are, for. B. flowed through in a positive sense, the excitation coils 4 and 6, which are arranged below the plane of symmetry 2, are accordingly flowed through in a negative sense.
  • the counterforce is the centrifugal force which acts in the annular channel-shaped partition volume 7 on the particles moving at the transport speed.
  • the magnetic separating force density exerts a different force on the different material particles due to the different volume sensitivities of the materials to be separated. This magnetic force competes with the counterforce, which is approximately the same for all particles. For particulates of greater than Ks Volumssuszeptibiltician outweighs the magnetic force, while for particulates smaller than Ks Volumssuszeptibiltician outweighs the counterforce.
  • the counterforce is a superimposition of the drag forces in the carrier fluid with the force of gravity.
  • the volume of the sheath generally lies between the excitation coils. Assuming constant current density across the cross sections of the excitation coils, the desired constancy of the cutting force density over the cutting volume or the desired adaptation to the spatially variable counterforce can be achieved with a coil pair with a non-rectangular cross section or with several coil pairs with a rectangular cross section. When using pairs of coils with different current densities in the individual coil cross-sections of any shape, the desired constancy of the cutting force density over the cutting volume or the desired adaptation to the spatially variable counterforce can be achieved.

Landscapes

  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Séparateur magnétique, de préférence destiné à la séparation de matières possédant de petites différences de susceptibilité magnétique, constitué par des bobines excitatrices (3, 5 ou 4, 6 respectivement) servant à créer un champ magnétique dans le volume de séparation (7), dans lequel les particules à séparer sont soumises à une force de réaction et à une composante de la force magnétique, caractérisé en ce qu'on produit sur les particules qui se trouvent dans le volume de séparation (7) un équilibre de force entre la force magnétique et la force de réaction orientée dans le sens opposé, le champ magnétique étant induit dans une mesure prédominante par la forme et la position des bobines excitatrices (3, 5 ou 4, 6 respectivement).
2. Séparateur magnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le champ magnétique est induit par des bobines possédant une symétrie de révolution (3, 5 ou 4, 6 respectivement), qui sont disposées symétriquement par rapport au volume de séparation (7), sont parcourues par le courant l'une en sens inverse de l'autre de part et d'autre du plan de symétrie (2) et encadrent le volume de séparation (7), et en ce que le rayon du centre du volume de séparation (7) est plus petit que le rayon maximum des bobines excitatrices (5, 6) mais plus grand que le rayon minimum des bobines excitatrices (3, 4).
3. Séparateur magnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le champ magnétique est induit par des bobines de forme allongée, les côtés longitudinaux des bobines étant disposés symétriquement par rapport à un plan de symétrie et encadrant le volume de séparation qui est disposé symétriquement par rapport au plan de symétrie.
4. Séparateur magnétique selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les bobines excitatrices (3, 4, 5, 6) sont faites d'une matière possédant une conductibilité normale.
5. Séparateur magnétique selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les bobines excitatrices (3, 4, 5, 6) sont faites de supraconducteurs.
6. Séparateur magnétique selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, pour accroître l'induction magnétique ou pour réduire le nombre d'ampères-tours, on prévoit un ou plusieurs noyau(x) ferreux ou culasse(s) ferreuse(s).
7. Séparateur magnétique selon au moins une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, pour blinder le champ magnétique, on prévoit une ou plusieurs culasse(s) ferreuse(s) ou une surface à conductibilité normale ou une surface supraconductrice.
EP19850890117 1984-05-22 1985-05-21 Séparateur magnétique Expired EP0162834B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0168484A AT379525B (de) 1984-05-22 1984-05-22 Magnetscheider
AT1684/84 1984-05-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0162834A2 EP0162834A2 (fr) 1985-11-27
EP0162834A3 EP0162834A3 (en) 1986-02-19
EP0162834B1 true EP0162834B1 (fr) 1988-07-27

Family

ID=3518753

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850890117 Expired EP0162834B1 (fr) 1984-05-22 1985-05-21 Séparateur magnétique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0162834B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT379525B (fr)
DE (1) DE3563916D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990004458A1 (fr) * 1988-10-25 1990-05-03 Elin Energieanwendung Gesellschaft M.B.H. Separateur magnetique a gradient ouvert
AT400779B (de) * 1989-07-19 1996-03-25 Gerhold Juergen Dipl Ing Dr Te Magnetsystem
AT393463B (de) * 1990-07-13 1991-10-25 Elin Energieanwendung Isodynamischer trennkanalmagnetscheider

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2157217A1 (de) * 1971-11-18 1973-05-24 Preussag Ag Magnetscheider
DE2650528A1 (de) * 1976-11-04 1978-05-18 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Magnetscheider
GB2064377B (en) * 1979-10-12 1984-03-21 Imperial College Magnetic separators
US4340468A (en) * 1980-11-06 1982-07-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method and apparatus for separating materials magnetically

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA168484A (de) 1985-06-15
EP0162834A3 (en) 1986-02-19
AT379525B (de) 1986-01-27
DE3563916D1 (en) 1988-09-01
EP0162834A2 (fr) 1985-11-27

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