EP0161408B1 - Verfahren zum Umschmelzhärten der Oberflächen von Zylindern aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Gusseisen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Umschmelzhärten der Oberflächen von Zylindern aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Gusseisen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0161408B1
EP0161408B1 EP85102673A EP85102673A EP0161408B1 EP 0161408 B1 EP0161408 B1 EP 0161408B1 EP 85102673 A EP85102673 A EP 85102673A EP 85102673 A EP85102673 A EP 85102673A EP 0161408 B1 EP0161408 B1 EP 0161408B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hardening
process according
cylinder
tig
tig burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85102673A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0161408A2 (de
EP0161408A3 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Heck
Horst Dipl.-Ing. Lindner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Publication of EP0161408A2 publication Critical patent/EP0161408A2/de
Publication of EP0161408A3 publication Critical patent/EP0161408A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0161408B1 publication Critical patent/EP0161408B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/14—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes wear-resistant or pressure-resistant pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for remelting the surfaces of cylinders made of carbon-containing cast iron, in particular cylinders of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop the generic method for remelt hardening in such a way that low-stress hardening free of harmful hardening cracks can be achieved without additional heat supply (for example preheating), which also requires only a slight reworking of the cylinder surfaces.
  • the outlay on the device compared to electron or laser beam hardening is initially reduced; it was also recognized that remelting of cylinders, particularly in the case of large-volume production using a TIG torch, is more favorable in terms of accessibility, production control and monitoring.
  • the defined pulsing of the energy density of the TIG torch results in a targeted segmentation of the hardening path, which leads to a considerable reduction in the surface tension and to a complete elimination of distortion due to the hardening without adverse consequences in operation.
  • the hardening sheet contains approximately 2 to 6 segments each, which are deliberately scaled due to the pulsed remelting. As tests have shown, this segmented hardness track is in no way prone to further cracking or chipping; especially when operating internal combustion engines due to the higher temperature on the cylinder surface relative to the cylinder jacket predominantly compressive stresses anyway.
  • the repeated melting of the remelting zones also causes a secondary cementite precipitation in the structure, which allows a hardness of 850 to 950 HV 10 to be achieved without problems.
  • the upper value of the current strength ensures a sufficiently deep melting or a sufficient depth of hardness, while at a lower value of the pulsed current the local melt calms down and cools down. It is also important that when changing the current strengths - even at the beginning and at the end of remelt hardening - there is no blowing effect, which would cause fine craters and peaks in the melt.
  • the distribution of the segmentation in the hardness track can advantageously also be influenced within the specified pulse frequency of the plasma torch and by the remelting speed.
  • the features of claim 6 relate to a particularly cost-effective method for hardening the cylinders of reciprocating piston internal combustion engines, which enables short cycle times in series production.
  • the upper reversal point of the upper piston ring, which is closest to the combustion chamber, on the cylinder surface is the most susceptible point to wear, so that it is the case with many internal combustion engines it may be sufficient to secure only this one point using a hardening track.
  • the remelting can be followed by electrochemical removal and then mechanical processing.
  • this exposes the martensitic / graphitic edge areas of the hardening sheets in an open-pore manner, so that increased oil retention or optimized lubrication of the sliding partner piston: cylinder surface is achieved.
  • a cylinder block 2 of a multi-cylinder reciprocating piston internal combustion engine made of lamellar gray cast iron a plurality of cylinders 4 are arranged, which are machined to a finished size in the usual way.
  • each cylinder 4 is in the upper reversal point of the upper;
  • a ring-shaped hardening track 6 is incorporated in the piston chamber closest to the respective combustion chamber of a piston (not shown) sliding in the cylinder 4.
  • the hardening web 6 is produced by locally melting the layer of the cylinder close to the surface and by subsequent rapid re-solidification, a ledeburitic structure forming in the immediate remelting zone 8, while the edge zones 10, which are still influenced by heat, are martensitic structure.
  • the remelting zone or hardening web 6 is generated by means of a WIC burner 12 (cf. FIG. 2).
  • the corresponding surface of the cylinder 4 is locally melted in an inert atmosphere 18 by means of a tungsten electrode 14 connected to a power source by an arc 16 which jumps over to the cylinder 4.
  • Further details of such a TIG torch 12 can be found, for example, in patent application P 33 39 447.4, which goes back to the same applicant.
  • the TIG torch 12 is at a feed rate of 1.5 mm / sec. moved forward in the direction of arrow 20 of FIG. 2 at a uniform distance from the cylinder 4 along the hardening path 6 to be generated.
  • the current intensity A in amperes over time t which determines the energy density of the arc 16 is shown in the diagram according to FIG. 3.
  • the current at point E is switched on at a lower value of the current strength of 15 A, which current is then pulsed at a frequency of 1 Hz between 15 A and 80 A in the manner of a rectangular pattern.
  • the TIG torch 14 is switched off again at point A at the lower value of the current strength of 15 A.
  • the cylinder 4 is subjected to post-processing by electrochemical honing with subsequent mechanical friction plating. In the process, slight unevenness in the hardness web 6 is eliminated and the martensitic / graphitic structure of the edge regions 10 is exposed. Electrochemical honing and friction plating can optionally be carried out in accordance with German patent application P 31 19 847.3.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
EP85102673A 1984-05-18 1985-03-08 Verfahren zum Umschmelzhärten der Oberflächen von Zylindern aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Gusseisen Expired EP0161408B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3418555A DE3418555C1 (de) 1984-05-18 1984-05-18 Verfahren zum Umschmelzhaerten der Oberflaeche von Zylindern aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Gusseisen
DE3418555 1984-05-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0161408A2 EP0161408A2 (de) 1985-11-21
EP0161408A3 EP0161408A3 (en) 1986-07-23
EP0161408B1 true EP0161408B1 (de) 1989-04-26

Family

ID=6236254

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85102673A Expired EP0161408B1 (de) 1984-05-18 1985-03-08 Verfahren zum Umschmelzhärten der Oberflächen von Zylindern aus kohlenstoffhaltigem Gusseisen

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0161408B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS60245725A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3418555C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1700923A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-13 Ognibene S.p.A. Method and device for hardening the inner surface of holes, in mechanical pieces of cast iron of predominantly ferritic matrix

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3510393C1 (de) * 1985-03-22 1986-04-03 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Zylinder-Kurbelgehäuse für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE4124644A1 (de) * 1991-07-25 1993-01-28 Audi Ag Verfahren zum haerten und/oder umschmelzen der oberflaechen von metallischen werkstuecken
DE4241527A1 (de) * 1992-12-10 1994-06-16 Opel Adam Ag Verfahren zum Aufhärten und ggf. Glätten von Maschinenbauteilen sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten Maschinenbauteilen
DE102013219784A1 (de) * 2013-09-30 2015-04-02 Federal-Mogul Friedberg Gmbh Gleitringe mit ledeburitischem Gefüge an der Oberfläche

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2134662A1 (de) * 1971-07-12 1973-01-25 Teves Thompson Gmbh Verfahren zur verbesserung der festigkeitseigenschaften von bauteilen
DE2811400C3 (de) * 1978-03-16 1981-12-17 Aeg-Elotherm Gmbh, 5630 Remscheid Verfahren zum Umschmelzhärten von Werkstücken

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1700923A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-13 Ognibene S.p.A. Method and device for hardening the inner surface of holes, in mechanical pieces of cast iron of predominantly ferritic matrix

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0161408A2 (de) 1985-11-21
JPS60245725A (ja) 1985-12-05
JPH0149773B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1989-10-26
EP0161408A3 (en) 1986-07-23
DE3569751D1 (en) 1989-06-01
DE3418555C1 (de) 1985-07-25

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