EP0161120B1 - Combiné pour coupure en charge et le sectionnement visible d'un circuit électrique - Google Patents

Combiné pour coupure en charge et le sectionnement visible d'un circuit électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0161120B1
EP0161120B1 EP85400327A EP85400327A EP0161120B1 EP 0161120 B1 EP0161120 B1 EP 0161120B1 EP 85400327 A EP85400327 A EP 85400327A EP 85400327 A EP85400327 A EP 85400327A EP 0161120 B1 EP0161120 B1 EP 0161120B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
mobile
screen
isolating
combined device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85400327A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0161120A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Guery
André Zwarycz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telemecanique SA
Original Assignee
Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telemecanique Electrique SA filed Critical Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority to AT85400327T priority Critical patent/ATE36093T1/de
Publication of EP0161120A1 publication Critical patent/EP0161120A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0161120B1 publication Critical patent/EP0161120B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/122—Load break switches both breaker and sectionaliser being enclosed, e.g. in SF6-filled container
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/02—Details
    • H01H31/12—Adaptation for built-in fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/06—Insulating body insertable between contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2041—Rotating bridge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/342—Venting arrangements for arc chutes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switch-disconnector combination making it possible to cut off the load of an electrical circuit and its disconnection which, in general, must be with visible contact opening.
  • any installation must associate with the switch (manual or automatic) a specific device ensuring the isolating function such as, for example, a disconnector, a disconnector fuse holder, isolating terminals, etc.
  • the object of the invention is therefore more particularly to combine in the same device the interruption and sectioning functions.
  • a combination switch-disconnector of the type comprising at least one fixed cut-off contact element, a fixed cut-off contact element, at least one moving element comprising a mobile cut-off contact element electrically connected to a movable sectioning contact element, these two movable contact elements being designed to cooperate respectively with the two fixed contact elements and means making it possible to move the mobile assembly between an open position in which the fixed contact elements are separated movable contact elements and a closed position in which the fixed contact elements are in electrical contact with the corresponding movable contact elements.
  • the arrangement of the movable contact elements relative to the fixed contact elements as well as the nature of the movements of the movable assembly are designed such that during the passage from the open position to the position closed, the fixed isolating contact element is electrically connected to the movable isolating contact element before the electrical contact is established between the fixed isolating element and the movable isolating contact element and, conversely, during the transition from the closed position to the open position, the fixed breaking contact element is released from the movable breaking contact element before the disconnection fixed contact element and the element are disconnected mobile contact switch.
  • the invention therefore aims to eliminate these drawbacks. To this end, it offers an arrangement making it possible to significantly reduce the travel of the movable assembly without increasing the risk of pollution of the isolating contacts, so as to make it possible to make handsets of smaller dimensions and by therefore less expensive and less bulky, which can be actuated by simple drive mechanisms.
  • a handset of the aforementioned type characterized in that it comprises means making it possible to insert an insulating screen between the movable and fixed contact elements for breaking, in the instant following the mechanical separation of these contact elements, these insertion means comprising an arming member with potential energy accumulation, capable of moving the screen away from the passage area of the contact element mobile shutdown, during the closing stroke of the moving element, with, simultaneously, an accumulation of potential energy, and triggering means capable of releasing this potential energy, during the opening stroke of the moving element , when said separation occurs, to effect said insertion at a speed independent of that of the moving assembly.
  • these insertion means comprising an arming member with potential energy accumulation, capable of moving the screen away from the passage area of the contact element mobile shutdown, during the closing stroke of the moving element, with, simultaneously, an accumulation of potential energy, and triggering means capable of releasing this potential energy, during the opening stroke of the moving element , when said separation occurs, to effect said insertion at a speed independent of that of the moving assembly.
  • the combined disconnector-switch comprises a movable assembly of rotary contact carrier 1 constituted by a conductive blade 2 mounted by its central part on a transverse drive shaft 3 and carrying at its ends two respective curved jaws 4, oriented in opposite directions relative to each other and extending concentrically on either side of said blade 2.
  • This moving element 1 is disposed inside a housing 10, the drive shaft 3 extending along the longitudinal axis of this housing 10 and being rotatably mounted by means of bearings not shown.
  • the fixed contact elements used in this example consist of two knife pads 7, 8 respectively mounted on two opposite interior walls of the housing 10 at locations which are substantially offset from one another. These two knife areas 7, 8 extend inside the housing 10 in the plane of the blade 2, as far as the passage area of the jaws 4, 5 and they are moreover connected to two respective current leads. 9, 9 'passing through the walls of the housing 10.
  • the jaws 4, 5 each consist of two plates 12, 13 ( Figure 6) substantially parallel, movable relative to each other and biased towards each other by means elastic such as elastic pliers 14.
  • the invention is not limited to this single embodiment of the moving assembly 1.
  • a simpler solution could consist in using, instead of a plate, two elastic conductive strips 15, 16 (FIG. 6) pressed against each other in their central part.
  • FIG. 6 such an embodiment is only possible when the instantaneous overloads do not risk compromising the elasticity and therefore the quality of the contact pressure exerted on the knife pads 7, 8.
  • FIG. 2 represents the combined disconnector-switch in the open state that the opening distance between the jaw 4 and the knife pad 7 is much greater than the opening distance separating the jaw 5 from the knife range 8.
  • This time difference between the cut and the disconnection is, of course, a function of the arrangement of the contact elements and of the slowness of the rotational drive of the mobile assembly 1 specific to this device. However, it is also a function of the breaking speed of the breaking contact formed by the jaw 4 and the knife pad 7.
  • the invention proposes to increase the breaking speed by means of an arc breaking device 17 performing the insertion of an insulating screen 18 into the cut-off arc produced during the mechanical separation of the jaw 4 and the knife pad 7.
  • the arc breaking device 17 is made up of a tilting screen-holder structure comprising two parallel flanges 19, 20 having at least two coaxial circular edges 21 connected to each other by a curved insulating screen 18, attached or molded with the entire structure.
  • These two flanges 19, 20 are arranged on either side of the knife blade 7 and mounted to rotate thereon by means of an axis 22 coaxial with said circular edges 21.
  • This screen holder structure is biased by a spring 23 which tends to rotate it so as to bring the screen 18 to the right of the end of the knife pad 7, the arrangement of the screen holder structure and the knife edge being provided so that, in this position, the screen 18 is as close as possible to said end, taking into account the necessary passage distance and manufacturing tolerances.
  • the screen 18 which is released comes at very high speed (due to the low inertia of the structure and of the importance of the return torque exerted by the spring 23) laminate the incipient cutting arc and stretch it towards the cutting zone 25 where gas discharge channels 26 and possibly cooling fins 27 are provided depending on the importance of the current to be cut.
  • the ends of the knife blade 7 and the jaws 4 can advantageously be shaped so as to obtain a clearance angle 21 making it possible to define the arc starting point opposite to where the insertion takes place of the screen (figure 4).
  • stops 29 integral with the housing 10, situated towards the rear, far from the formation zone d 'arc
  • stops 30 integral with the flanges 19, 20.
  • These stops 29, 30 may advantageously be equipped with dampers provided to avoid as much as possible rebounds.
  • cut-off speeds obtained mean that the mechanical separation of the isolating contact (jaw 5, knife blade 8) with long opening times (greater than 5 ms) will always occur after the electric cut (jaw 4, knife edge 7), therefore without risk of pollution of the sectioning area inside the housing 10.
  • the housing 10 includes a transparent window 31 in line with the cutting contact formed by the jaw 5 and the knife pad 8, so as to be able to view the open or closed state of this contact.
  • the screen 18 comes to be arranged at the right of the knife area 7 and thus prohibits the re-engagement of these two parts.
  • FIG. 5 therefore illustrates an embodiment of such a reset device.
  • This device more particularly involves a resetting lever 50 mounted oscillating at the end of a drive lever 51 which pivots about a central axis 52 and is biased by a cam 53 driven by a rotary shaft 54 terminated by a operating handle 55.
  • the drive shaft 3 of the moving element 1 of the switch-disconnector combination can advantageously be mechanically coupled to the rotary shaft 54, so as to obtain the following operating sequence:
  • the reset lever 50 is raised by the action of the abutment surface 61 on the cam surface 60 and releases the structure screen holder 18, 19, 20 which, therefore, abuts and is retained against the jaw 4 then engaged on the knife blade 7.
  • the opening is obtained by a rotation in the opposite direction of the operating handle 55, rotation which first of all causes the mechanical separation of the knife blade 7 and the jaw 4.
  • the screen-holder structure 18, 19, 20 folds down at high speed and comes to occupy the position shown in FIG. 2.
  • the jaw 5 and the knife deck 8 separate and the moving assembly 1 reaches the open position shown in FIG. 2.
  • the drive shaft 54 comprises, at its end, a lever 83 provided with a finger (not shown) which cooperates with the drive rod 84 of a neutral gear rocker articulated on an axis 85.
  • This drive rod 84 has at its end opposite the axis 85, an oblong axial recess 88 through which passes an axis 87 secured to a cam 86 rotatably mounted around the drive shaft 3 of the movable assembly (4 , 5) of the switch-disconnector.
  • a spring 89 arranged coaxially with the rod 84 and retained on one side by the latter comes to bear on the end profile 90 of the cam 86.
  • the drive of the shaft 3 from the cam takes place at by means of a part 91 secured to the shaft 3 and provided with a notch 92 through which a stud 93 carried by a cleat 94 secured to the cam 86 passes.
  • the screen-carrying structure 18 is mounted, with a determined angular play and with spring return 95, on a splined shaft 96 urged by a return spring 97 and carrying at its end a lever 98, provided with a finger 99 cooperating with the stopper 94.
  • the control handle 55 drives the lever 83.
  • the finger integral with this lever lifts the drive rod 84 of the neutral gear rocker which oscillates around the axis 85.
  • the rod 84 drives the cam 86 in rotation by its action on the axis 87 which slides in the oblong recess 88.
  • the spring 89 is compressed by the relative displacement of the end 90 of the cam 86 relative to the rod 84 and then stores energy until the axes 85, 87 and the shaft 3 are aligned.
  • the stopper 94 integral with the cam 86, drives by the finger 99 and the lever 98 the splined axis 96 for controlling the screen-holder structure 17, the return spring 97 recalling said axis 96 in the direction of the arrow 108 (indicated in broken lines).
  • the combination of the return spring 95 and the angular clearance 109 provided between the screen holder structure 17 and the splined axis 96 which can advantageously correspond to the tilting stroke of the screen holder structure 18, allows a individualized operation of the screens 17 guaranteeing the starting of the screen 18 from the start of the effective opening of the corresponding breaking contact. This result could not be obtained, in the case of a multipolar handset, if a command common to all the screens was used (for example, if the screen-holder structures 17 were fixedly mounted and without play on the 'axis 96) this, due to manufacturing tolerances.
  • cam 86 rotates freely on the drive shaft 3 of the mobile assembly of the handset and that the scalloped part 91 is integral with said axis.
  • the stud 93 integral with the cleat 94 is free in the notch 92 of the part 91.
  • the screen 18 is released from the intercontact space and the stud 93 does not yet drive the part 91.
  • the spring 89 releases the energy which it has stored and rotates the cam 86, so that the stud 93 comes.
  • the combined switch-disconnector according to the invention can be multipolar and include several mobile assemblies 1 rotatably mounted on the same drive shaft, each of these mobile assemblies then being associated with two fixed contact elements.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a combined disconnector-switch comprising three cut-off and disconnection assemblies each comprising a rotary assembly 60, 61, 62 and two fixed contacts 63-63 ', 64- 64 ', 65-65' such as those shown in figure res 1 and 2.
  • the crews 60, 61, 62 are mounted on respective drive shaft sections 66, 67, 68 assembled end to end with one another.
  • This arrangement advantageously makes it possible to modify the number of cut-off and sectioning assemblies, for example to go from a bipolar assembly to a three-pole assembly.
  • the invention is not limited to a combined switch-disconnector comprising a rotary mobile assembly. Indeed, this equipment could be just as mobile in translation, for example as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the handset comprises a U-shaped crew, 70, with wings 71, 72 of unequal lengths, which can be moved in translation, perpendicular to its core 73 (arrows F, F ') for example by means of a handle 74.
  • the wings 71, 72 of the movable assembly 70 can consist of knife pads and, in this case, the fixed contact elements 75, 76 can comprise jaws of a type analogous to those previously described.
  • the fixed contact elements 75, 76 could comprise respective knife pads, jaws then equipping the wings 71, 72 of the movable assembly 70.
  • cut-off contact formed by the wing 72 (the shortest) and the fixed contact element 76 can be fitted with a mobile insulating screen 79 movable in translation along the arrows F, F '.
  • FIG. 9 represents a switch-disconnector fuse holder combination according to the invention.
  • This handset therefore comprises, in the manner previously described, a rotary movable assembly comprising at least one cut-off contact jaw 4 and a sectioning contact jaw 5, this assembly being driven in rotation by a drive shaft 3.
  • D ' in a manner similar to that previously described, the breaking contact is equipped with a tilting screen arc breaking device 18.
  • the operation of the moving assembly and of the arc breaking device is obtained by means of an operating handle 55 and a drive shaft 54 associated with a mechanical system of the type shown in FIG. 8.
  • the knife range of the fixed sectioning contact consists of one of the two knives 127, 127 ′ of a knife fuse 128 removably mounted in a fuse holder 129 secured to the housing 130 of the switch disconnector combination.
  • This fuse holder 129 more particularly comprises a positioning piece 131 in which the knife 127 of the fuse 128 partially engages and a fixed jaw 132 connected "to the starting terminal 133 of the handset and in which the knife engages 127 ′ of fuse 128.
  • Fuse 128 is held at its body by a support element 134 secured to a tilting fuse holder cover 135 articulated on an axis 136 and maintained in the closed position by latching means 137.
  • This cover 135 further comprises a handle 138 allowing the opening of the fuse holder 129 with simultaneous extraction of the fuses 128.
  • a locking bar 140 actuated by the operating handle 55 is provided so as to make this opening possible only if the switch-disconnector is in the open position, position in which the handle 55 is 90 ° from the position shown, and the locking bar 140, driven by the handle 55 is in the retracted position.
  • a transparent window 141 provided in the housing 130 above the cover 135 allows total visibility of the opening of the contact elements of the isolating portion of the handset, so as to thus confirm the apparent opening given by the position of the handle. command 55.
  • FIG. 10 details the function of the positioning piece 131 of the fuse 128.
  • This positioning piece comprises two jaws 143, 144 of insulating material having elastic and anti-friction properties, and comprising two lips 145, 146, forming an angle and length sufficient to guide the knife 127 of the fuse 128 at the start of its introduction.
  • These two jaws 143, 144 which, when at rest, are applied one against the other, are then separated from one another by the knife 127 during its introduction.
  • the jaws 143, 144 pinch a small part of the knife 127 in an area located in such a way that the jaw 5 of the cutting contact can move freely and come to engage without any discomfort on the part remaining knife 127 which then constitutes the fixed part of the cutting contact element.

Landscapes

  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Printing Elements For Providing Electric Connections Between Printed Circuits (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP85400327A 1984-03-20 1985-02-22 Combiné pour coupure en charge et le sectionnement visible d'un circuit électrique Expired EP0161120B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85400327T ATE36093T1 (de) 1984-03-20 1985-02-22 Anordnung zur lastunterbrechung und sichtbaren trennung eines elektrischen stromkreises.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8404261 1984-03-20
FR8404261A FR2561816B1 (fr) 1984-03-20 1984-03-20 Combine pour la coupure en charge et le sectionnement visible d'un circuit electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0161120A1 EP0161120A1 (fr) 1985-11-13
EP0161120B1 true EP0161120B1 (fr) 1988-07-27

Family

ID=9302214

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85400327A Expired EP0161120B1 (fr) 1984-03-20 1985-02-22 Combiné pour coupure en charge et le sectionnement visible d'un circuit électrique

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US4596911A (es)
EP (1) EP0161120B1 (es)
JP (1) JPS60212919A (es)
AT (1) ATE36093T1 (es)
AU (1) AU573791B2 (es)
BR (1) BR8501223A (es)
CA (1) CA1223024A (es)
DE (1) DE3564056D1 (es)
ES (1) ES8704667A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2561816B1 (es)
IN (1) IN162676B (es)
MX (1) MX158310A (es)
ZA (1) ZA852087B (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109687299A (zh) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-26 天津平高智能电气有限公司 一种开关柜

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FR2596196B1 (fr) * 1986-03-21 1988-08-26 Telemecanique Electrique Appareil interrupteur de protection muni d'un ecran de coupure d'arc
US4675481A (en) * 1986-10-09 1987-06-23 General Electric Company Compact electric safety switch
US5126517A (en) * 1990-09-11 1992-06-30 Square D Company Arc suppressing current interrupter
US5886860A (en) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-23 Square D Company Circuit breakers with PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient resistivity
US5933311A (en) * 1998-04-02 1999-08-03 Square D Company Circuit breaker including positive temperature coefficient resistivity elements having a reduced tolerance
US6020802A (en) * 1998-04-02 2000-02-01 Square D Company Circuit breaker including two magnetic coils and a positive temperature coefficient resistivity element
AUPQ672300A0 (en) 2000-04-05 2000-05-04 Nu-Lec Industries Pty Limited Isolating circuit breaker and circuit protection arrangement
FI116865B (fi) * 2004-01-19 2006-03-15 Abb Oy Kytkinlaite
EP1721375B1 (de) * 2004-03-04 2011-06-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzgerät für einen verbraucherabzweig
WO2006040418A1 (fr) * 2004-10-08 2006-04-20 Abb France Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions pourvu de moyens de cisaillement d’arc et procede correspondant
WO2013010559A1 (en) * 2011-07-19 2013-01-24 Abb Technology Ag Auxiliary switch combining rotary and linear elements
FR2980908B1 (fr) * 2011-09-30 2016-02-05 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de coupure a ecran de coupure d'arc
CN108987139B (zh) * 2017-06-01 2024-02-02 泰科电子(深圳)有限公司 电触头系统
CN107833762A (zh) * 2017-09-19 2018-03-23 上海电器科学研究所（集团）有限公司 一种触头系统
DE102018108369A1 (de) * 2018-04-09 2019-10-10 Soulsurf Gmbh Lasttrennschalter und anordnung mit einem lasttrennschalter
EP3561831B1 (en) * 2018-04-24 2022-10-26 ABB Schweiz AG An electrical switch
CN108364818A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2018-08-03 广东电网有限责任公司 一种水平旋转的多刀单掷开关

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US1473574A (en) * 1922-01-30 1923-11-06 Trumbull Electric Mfg Co Inclosed switch
US1656703A (en) * 1926-09-04 1928-01-17 Trumbull Electric Mfg Co Electric switch
US1833173A (en) * 1928-07-10 1931-11-24 Metropolitan Device Corp Circuit breaking apparatus
GB330347A (en) * 1929-04-10 1930-06-12 Arthur Frederic Harmer Improvements relating to electrical switch gear
DE595095C (de) * 1930-12-12 1934-04-06 Kurt Streletzki Schalter fuer Hochspannungsanlagen mit Unterbrechung des Lichtbogens in Luft
GB719849A (en) * 1951-09-20 1954-12-08 David Olof Hagglund A combined electric fuse and contact breaker
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FR2511807A1 (fr) * 1981-08-20 1983-02-25 Alsthom Atlantique Sectionneur interrupteur multipolaire a embrochage et debrochage sur un jeu de barres
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109687299A (zh) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-26 天津平高智能电气有限公司 一种开关柜

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4596911A (en) 1986-06-24
EP0161120A1 (fr) 1985-11-13
ATE36093T1 (de) 1988-08-15
FR2561816B1 (fr) 1988-06-10
AU3959385A (en) 1985-09-26
DE3564056D1 (en) 1988-09-01
BR8501223A (pt) 1985-11-12
MX158310A (es) 1989-01-23
ES8704667A1 (es) 1987-04-01
ZA852087B (en) 1985-11-27
AU573791B2 (en) 1988-06-23
ES541380A0 (es) 1987-04-01
CA1223024A (fr) 1987-06-16
IN162676B (es) 1988-06-25
FR2561816A1 (fr) 1985-09-27
JPS60212919A (ja) 1985-10-25

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