Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/365—Lactones
  • A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
  • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
  • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/1611—Inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
  • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
  • A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats

Definitions

• This invention relates to spray-dried watersoluble vitamin powders which are directly compressible into tablets, and the powders prepared thereby.
• Particularly useful water-soluble vitamins are ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, and calcium ascorbate.
• U. S. Patent 3,293,132 describes a continuous process for making a vitamin C powder by spray drying.
• the process involves spray drying from 75 to 95 parts by weight of ascorbic acid, from 5 to 25 parts by weight of a carbohydrate, and from 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a filmproducing hydrophilic, organic colloid material such as gelatin, water-soluble derivatives of casein, water-soluble gums, and water-soluble derivatives of cellulose.
• a lubricant is not one of the spray dried components. Instead, the lubricant is blended into the spray-dried powder after spray drying. Consequently, the powder taken directly from the spray dryer cannot be directly compressed into tablets.
• the powder disclosed in this patent is likely to discolor at use conditions. Summary of the Invention
• the subject invention relates to free flowing powders containing a water-soluble vitamin powder prepared by spray drying an effective amount of (a) an aqueous slurry of a water-soluble vitamin and a binder; (b) preferably an adsorbent; and (c) a lubricant.
• a water-soluble vitamin powder prepared by spray drying an effective amount of (a) an aqueous slurry of a water-soluble vitamin and a binder; (b) preferably an adsorbent; and (c) a lubricant.
• the process is unique because the lubricant is mixed with all of the other components during the spray-drying.
• the invention also relates to the powders prepared by this process.
• the powders are directly compressible into tablets without needing the addition of other excipients, and are unique because they do not demix. They are also color stable tablets which have acceptable disintegration times and hardness.
• the powders of this invention which contain a water-soluble vitamin are prepared by spray drying an aqueous slurry of a water-soluble vitamin and a binder in the presence of a lubricant and preferably an adsorbent.
• any water-soluble vitamin can be used in the process.
• Specific examples include ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, niacin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, calcium d-pantothenate, thiamine hydrochloride, thiamine nitrate, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and biotin.
• ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, and calcium ascorbate Natural sources of these water-soluble vitamins, such as rosehips, may also be used, preferably in minor amounts.
• Typical binders (for example, see U.S. Patent 3,293,132 at column 3, lines 29-54) that can be used include proteins such as gelatin, water-soluble derivatives of casein, e.g., sodium caseinate, and the like; water-soluble gums such as gum acacia, gum karaya, gum ghatti, tragacanth, and the like; cellulose, and water-soluble derivatives of cellulose such as methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose. sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and the like.
• polyvinyl resins such as, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidine and the like.
• Preferably used with ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, and calcium ascorbate are microcrystalline cellulose, and mixtures of microcrystalline cellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
• the water-soluble vitamin and binder are added to enough water to make a finished feed slurry having about 10 to 90 percent solids by weight, and, preferably, about 50 to 75 percent by weight solids.
• the aqueous slurry containing the water-soluble vitamin and binder is preferably spray dried in the presence of an adsorbent such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent
• adsorbent is silicon dioxide, particularly silicon dioxide having a particle size of from 0.1 to 10.0 microns.
• a lubricant is an essential component of the powder and may be incorporated into the powder product by spray drying the aqueous slurry of water-soluble vitamin and microcrystalline cellulose in the presence of the lubricant in addition to the adsorbent.
• the preblending step to mix the absorbent and lubricant can be eliminated by adding the lubricant to the slurry and spray drying the slurry plus lubricant in the presence of only the adsorbent.
• stearic acid Preferably used as the lubricant are stearic acid , magnesium stearate and mixtures thereof .
• other stearic acids salts may be used such as calcium stearate.
• wax-like materials for instance, wax-like saturated fatty acids, wax-like mixtures containing two or more saturated fatty acids or wax-like hydrogenated glyceride, in admixture with a metallic stearate and/or titanium dioxide such as are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,396,226 (column 3, lines 29-55) which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• the subject powders may also contain carboxyhydrates such as sugars including lactose, sucrose, maltose, glucose, mannose, fructose, arabinose, and the like; non-sugars such as pectin, starch, and the like; and closely related polyhydric alcohols containing from 4 to 6 hydroxyl radicals such as mannitol, dulcitol, sorbitol, and the like.
• carboxyhydrates such as sugars including lactose, sucrose, maltose, glucose, mannose, fructose, arabinose, and the like
• non-sugars such as pectin, starch, and the like
• closely related polyhydric alcohols containing from 4 to 6 hydroxyl radicals such as mannitol, dulcitol, sorbitol, and the like.
• the components described herein are used in effective amounts. Those skilled in the art can determine what amounts are to be used based upon their own experience and the examples set forth herein
• the components described herein are added in amounts such that the final powder formed will contain at least 80 (preferably at least 90) percent by weight of the water-soluble vitamin, less than 15 (preferably less than 9) percent by weight of binder, 0.2 to 2 percent by weight of adsorbent, and 0.2 to 5 percent by weight of the lubricant and less than 3 percent of other excipients. Although these amounts may also be effective for other water-soluble vitamins, those skilled in the art may discover better proportions with them and for specific purposes.
• any suitable spray drier may be used to prepare the powders of this invention such as vertical spray drier equipped with a means of making droplets, such as a rotary atomizer operated between 10,000 and 35,000 rpm, preferably 18,000 to 25,000 rpm for a small dryer or suitable atomizer nozzles (such as high pressure, two- and three-fluid).
• the inlet temperature is maintained at 190°C to 200°C and the outlet temperature is a function of the inlet temperature and flow rate, generally between 90°C to 100°C.
• From 0.5 to 2.5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the dry powder of silicon dioxide and from 0.5 to 5.0 percent of the lubricant is added to the spray drier chamber, preferably at a point of negative pressure.
• the aqueous slurry of watersoluble vitamin and microcrystalline cellulose is then spray dried to form a free-flowing, nonagglomerated powder.
• Tablets from the powder are made by conventional methods.
• Useful tabletting aids are disclosed in Pharmaceutical Technology, July, 1980, pages 27-35, and 62.
• aqueous slurry containing 60 percent by weight solids was formed by adding 9286 parts of ascorbic acid and 714 parts of microcrystalline cellulose to water held in a stainless steel jacketed tank equipped with a turbine agitator. The aqueous slurry was sprayed into a four foot diameter vertical spray drier through a rotary atomizer at 20,000 to 23,000 revolutions per minute. About 1.0 percent by weight of silicon dioxide (sold under the trade name AEROSIL 200), and 1.0 percent by weight of magnesium stearate were added into the drying chamber at a point of negative pressure.
• silicon dioxide sold under the trade name AEROSIL 200
• magnesium stearate were added into the drying chamber at a point of negative pressure.
• the resulting spray-dried powder contained:
• the particle size of the powder was such that 15 to 40 percent of the powder was retained on a 200 mesh screen, 40 to 65 percent of the powder was retained on a 325 mesh screen, and 5 to 30 percent of the powder was able to pass through a 325 mesh screen.
• Tablets were made on a single rotary tablet press at 30 revolutions per minute.
• the resulting tablets had a hardness of 14.0 (SCU), a friability percent of 3.90 which was measured as loss after 120 revolutions in a Vandercamp friabilator, and a disintegrating time of 3.9 minutes in water at 37oC in a Vandercamp disintegration/dissolution tester.
• SCU hardness of 14.0
• Friability percent 3.90 which was measured as loss after 120 revolutions in a Vandercamp friabilator
• disintegrating time 3.9 minutes in water at 37oC in a Vandercamp disintegration/dissolution tester.
• a suspension was made in a stainless steel jacketed tank equipped with an agitator by adding water to 102 parts of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose such that the resulting suspension had a solids weight of 7.5 percent by weight.
• the suspension was heated to about 80°C and then cold water was added in an amount such that the suspension had 2.25 percent solids. Then 5572 parts of ascorbic acid and 274 parts of microcrystalline cellulose were added.
• the resulting slurry was sprayed into a nine foot diameter vertical spray drier through a rotary atomizer at 10,000 to 14,000 revolutions per minute.
• About 1.0 percent by weight of silicon dioxide (sold under the trade name
• AEROSIL 200 AEROSIL 200
• 2.0 percent by weight of stearic acid were added into the drying chamber at a point of negative pressure.
• the resulting tablets had a hardness of 15.0 (SCU), a friability of 2.14 percent, and a disintegration time of 21 minutes.
• a suspension was made in a stainless steel jacketed tank equipped with an agitator by adding water to 200 parts of hydroxypropylmethylcelluose such that the resulting suspension had a solids weight of 6.7 percent by weight.
• the suspension was heated to about 80oC, and then cold water was added in an amount such that the suspension had 2.32 percent solids. Then 433 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 200 parts of stearic acid were added.
• the resulting slurry was sprayed through a two-fluid nozzle (2.9 mm diameter, 39 psig) from the bottom of a four-foot diameter spray drier into a counter current air stream. About 1.0 percent by weight of silicon dioxide was added into the drying chamber at a point of negative pressure.
• the resulting powder contained:
• the resulting tablets had hardness of 14.1 (SCU), a friability of 2.15 percent, and a disintegration time of 17 minutes.
• Example 4 A suspension was made in a stainless steel tank equipped with an agitator by adding hot water to 195 parts of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose such that the resulting suspension had a solids weight of 9.75 percent by weight. The suspension was heated on a hot plate to about 80°C and then cold water was added in an amount such that the suspension had 3.17 percent solids. Then 9290 parts of sodium ascorbate and 515 parts of microcrystalline cellulose were added, followed by 800 parts additional water.
• the resulting slurry was sprayed into a four foot diameter vertical spray drier through a rotary atomizer at about 23,000 revolutions per minute. About 1.0 percent by weight of silicon dioxide (sold under the trade name Syloid 244FP) and 2.0 percent by weight of stearic acid were added into the drying chamber at a point of negative pressure. The resulting yield was 10,600 parts of a spray dried powder which contained:
• the resulting tablets had a hardness of 13.6 (SCU), a friability of 0.44 percent, and a disintegration time of 28 minutes.
• SCU hardness of 13.6
• Friability 0.44 percent
• disintegration time 28 minutes.
• a suspension was made in a stainless steel tank equipped with an agitator by adding hot water to 195 parts of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose such that the resulting suspension had a solids weight of 7.9 percent by weight.
• the suspension was heated to about 80°C on a hot plate and then cold water was added in an amount such that the suspension had 2.8 percent solids. Then 9290 parts of calcium ascorbate and 515 parts of microcrystalline cellulose were added, followed by an additional 600 parts water.
• the resulting slurry was sprayed into a four foot diameter vertical spray drier through a rotary atomizer at 23,000 revolutions per minute. About 1.0 percent by weight of silicon dioxide (sold under the trade name Syloid 244FP) and 2.0 percent by weight of stearic acid were added into the drying chamber at a point of negative pressure.
• the resulting tablets had a hardness of 11.9 (SCU), a friability of 0.69 percent, and a disintegration time of > 45 minutes.
• Adsorbent (Hydrated Silica) 1 .0
• Powder #2 Another powder (Powder #2) was prepared in the same way except the adsorbent and lubricant were not added to the spray drier, but were mixed in manually to the unlubricated, spray-dried powder so that the final composition of Powder #2 was essentially the same as Powder #1.*
• Powder #1 and Powder #2 were then tested to see whether they were susceptible to demixing. Powder #2 was first mixed for about 20 minutes in a blender without heat-
• the percentage of stearic acid in the portions containing Powder #1 was 1.51 percent (top) and 1.57 percent (bottom).
• the percentage of stearic acid in the portions containing Powder #2 was 1.52 percent (top) and 2.24 percent (bottom).
• Powder #2 experienced demixing because there is a difference of 0.72 percent between the amount of stearic acid in the two portions. This difference can lead to less uniformity in lubrication and can cause problems in tableting such as capping due to over lubrication, and die wall binding in the tablet press due to under lubrication. Note that the difference between the amount of stearic acid in the top and bottom portions of Powder #1, which was prepared in accordance with the subject matter, was only 0.06 percent.

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• 1984
  • 1984-10-23 EP EP19840904232 patent/EP0160087A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1984-10-23 JP JP50410184A patent/JPS61500435A/ja active Pending
  • 1984-10-23 WO PCT/US1984/001694 patent/WO1985001877A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1984-10-24 CA CA000466228A patent/CA1243956A/en not_active Expired
• 1985
  • 1985-06-21 DK DK281585A patent/DK281585D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation

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