Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
  • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
  • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
  • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
  • D04H1/435—Polyesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
  • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
  • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249922—Embodying intertwined or helical component[s]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/27—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
  • Y10T442/66—Additional nonwoven fabric is a spun-bonded fabric

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a moldable fibrous mattress based on cellulosic fibers, as well as its manufacturing process, said fibrous mattress being intended for the production of shaped parts finding their application in many fields.
• a mixture in the form of a wet paste, consists of cellulose fibers including a small percentage of resin phenolic.
• the implementation of this material is relatively complicated insofar as it requires a wringing of the mixture in a preform and the conformation in a hot mold where the final drying and densification of the product takes place with a pressure of the order of 40 to 50 kg / cm 2 . This results in a fairly long shaping time detrimental to a high yield, as well as costly tooling. Furthermore, the parts cannot receive a covering simultaneously with the molding operation.
• a mattress of resinous wood fibers comprises a phenolic resin as well as rosin.
• the implementation requires rewetting of the mattress with steam, preforming on a cold mold followed by hot shaping at a temperature above 180 ° C by exerting a pressure of about 50 kg / cm 2 .
• This material if it gives the finished product good mechanical properties and is suitable for sheathing and painting, however requires very expensive shaping tools. It does not allow significant deformations to be obtained without the obligation to load critical areas with resins and cannot receive a covering during molding. In addition, its conformation cycle is relatively long, of the order of 2 minutes. Furthermore, the absence of porosity of the material in areas heavily loaded with resin implies that a microperforation operation precedes the cladding of the covering.
• plates are obtained by extrusion of a mixture based on polypropylene and a load of wood flour.
• the implementation requires preheating between 180 and 200 ° C of the plates using infrared radiation followed by conformation in a mold cooled for one minute at a pressure of 5 to 15 kg / cm 2 .
• This material if it requires only a low pressure and a short cycle for its conformation, leads to a brittle final product due to the absence of fibrous structure.
• thermoformable cardboard based on cellulosic fibers and polyethylene fibers is obtained by the papermaking process. Its main drawback is that this cardboard can only be obtained with a grammage between 350 and 700 g / m 2 , which requires stacking of several sheets in order to obtain the thickness and the final grammage required generally understood. between 2 and 3 kg / m 2 . All of these sheets are preheated between heating plates (170 to 200 ° C) in order to obtain the melting of the polyethylene. The molding is obtained under a pressure of 25 to 50 kg / cm 2 in a mold brought to a temperature of 80 ° C.
• the present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the above materials, by providing a moldable fibrous mattress, of easy implementation with a view to molding operations, having an excellent aptitude for significant deformations without tearing and thereby leading to shaped parts which are difficult to obtain with known materials.
• the mattress has an overall composition comprising in particular from 5 to 95% by weight of cellulosic fibers resulting from dry defibering, and from 0.5 to 10% approximately of synthetic or natural textile fibers having at least two half-undulations per centimeter, said mattress being made up of a superposition of fine needled sheets but not rigidly linked to each other.
• the mattress comprises from 5 to 80% by weight approximately of said cellulosic fibers, from 0.5 to 10% approximately of said textile fibers and, moreover, from 5 to 60% by weight approximately of a material thermoplastic.
• the mattress comprises up to 95% by weight of said cellulosic fibers and from 0.5 to 10% approximately of said textile fibers, the cellulosic fibers being previously glued using a resin, for example phenolic.
• the mixture of constituents is formed, the mixture thus obtained is carded, a fine sheet of a grammage between 10 and 200 g / m 2 is formed , successive folds of said ply are superimposed by lapping and a needling is carried out to form the mattress, the grammage of which is adjusted to the desired value, up to approximately 2 kg / m 2 .
• the sizing of the cellulose fibers is carried out before mixing with the textile fibers.
• the cellulose fibers are advantageously of the type obtained thermomechanically from wood and have a low residual humidity, less than 15%, which in no way excludes the possibility of using cellulose fibers obtained by another associated defibering technique. to possible refining according to the various processes well known in the paper or in the fiberboard sector. These fibers may, if necessary, have received a treatment capable of giving them certain properties required depending on the intended application.
• a wax or paraffin can be incorporated in order to obtain a final product that is not very sensitive to water.
• the textile fibers having a crimp of several half-undulations per centimeter must have a length such that during the shaping of the mattress by the carding, topping and needling technique, they give a certain mechanical strength to the mattress in order to make it transportable without other form of consolidation.
• these fibers will confer a certain deformability on the material without any tearing phenomenon being manifested within the mattress.
• polypropylene or polyester fibers of 38 mm of average length and comprising 3 to 5 half-waves per centimeter have been found to be perfectly suitable.
• thermoplastic material is an integral part of the mattress, either in the form of fibrils or fibers, or in the form of powder.
• the constituent material is thermoplastic and with a softening point of less than 200 ° C.
• a softening point of less than 200 ° C.
• thermoplastic fibers after melting or softening during the subsequent preheating operation, will give better cohesion to the molded product, better mechanical characteristics as well as a certain hydrophobicity in the shaped panel.
• thermoplastic fibers a thermoplastic polymer in the form of powder or granules of small diameter.
• This polymer should also have a softening point below 200 ° C.
• thermoplastic material is in the form fibers or fibrils:
• thermoplastic fibers or fibrils delivered in voluminized form must be separated beforehand in a device of the opener type such as those used in the sector of the textile industry. The same will be true of textile fibers from 10 to 60 mm in length which must receive a similar pretreatment.
• thermoplastic material is in the form of powder or granules of small diameter:
• thermoplastic material is subsequently poured in the form of powder or granules of small diameter at the level of the conformation of the mattress using an appropriate device, for information, at the topping stage.
• the mattress can be considered to consist in a non-homogeneous manner but more precisely of a succession of alternating layers of small thickness.
• the conformation of the mattress calls for textile-type equipment associating a loader, a carding device, a coating machine and a needling machine.
• the carding machine must be provided with a carding machine adapted to the treatment of the fibrous mixture previously described so that there is neither jamming in the machine nor segregation between the long fibers and the short fibers, or at least, the least segregation possible.
• the carding machine will be fitted with a covering designed to constrain the fibers to pass through the carding cylinder or cylinders, as well as a device for recovering short fibers which can be returned to the machine head in the loader.
• the fibrous mixture comprising the wood fibers, the thermoplastic material as well as the very long textile fibers is in the form of a sheet of low grammage (10 to 200 gm 2 ) which is possibly maintained by a suitable device of the double canvas type up to the tablecloth.
• This layer makes it possible to constitute a mattress of heavy grammage (2 kg / m 2 approximately) by successive stacking of layers.
• the weight of the mattress per square meter can be easily modified by varying, for example, the relative speed between the feeding and exit belts of the coating machine.
• the number of back and forth movements of the mobile device of the coating machine gives the number of successive stackings in a given time and allows the grammage of the mattress to be adjusted over a wide range.
• the mattress can be obtained in variable widths by simply adjusting the travel of the reciprocating device of the coating machine. The maximum width will only depend on the length of the guide on which the covering element moves.
• an appropriate device associated with the coating machine will make it possible to pour the thermoplastic material in the form of powder or granules of small diameter in order to constitute a material in layers.
• thermoplastic material can thus be inserted, either during each stack of plies coming from the carding machine, or even after a determined number of stacks of plies.
• the low density "Mat” is then conveyed by a conveyor belt placed perpendicular to the carding-lapping axis, to a needling machine or possibly a pre-needling machine which will give the final mattress its self-support.
• the mattress has the consistency of a carpet and can therefore be rolled up on itself. It is in this form of rolls or reels that it can be handled with a view to the transformation or molding operation, without however excluding presentation in format if necessary, thanks to an appropriate cutting device.
• the density of needles of the needling machine makes it possible to vary to a certain extent the thickness of the mattress that one wishes to obtain as well as its mechanical strength. Thus, a small needling will lead to a sparse but very compressible mattress, while a tighter needling will make it possible to develop a thinner mattress.
• this needling operation while imparting sufficient mechanical strength to the mattress to be easy to handle, will allow the "mat" to retain excellent deformability in all directions from which it will result in very good ability during molding, the latter resulting in particular from the possible play of the fine plies with respect to each other.
• the mattress emerging from the tablecloth and a synthetic veil of the nonwoven type made of polyethylene, polypropylene or any other thermoplastic material with a softening point of less than 200 ° C. can be needled simultaneously, which, once heated, will allow a better hold of the decorative material by thermofusion or heat-bonding of this nonwoven.
• the surface material is itself highly extensible in all directions so as not to interfere unfavorably on the moldability of the fibrous mat.
• the molding or shaping operation of the mattress is preceded by a stage of preheating the mattress, preferably just before going through the press.
• a suitable device attached to the press very quickly performs this preheating of the mattress.
• the purpose of preheating is to bring the thermoplastic material or materials present in the mattress to a temperature above their softening point.
• thermoplastic materials will thus creep during pressure molding and participate, after cooling, in the consolidation of the shaped panel while giving it certain desired physical properties, hydrophobicity for example.
• the preheating temperature is between 100 and 200 ° C.
• preheating may use contact, hot air through and high frequency heating devices.
• the apparatus which seems the most suitable in order to have a good homogeneity of cooking of the fibrous mat and a short heating time compatible with the molding cycles, is a heating device by high frequency possibly associated with a heating by contact of the plates. of the device.
• the mattress is immediately transferred to the press in order to proceed with molding.
• a decorative material constituting a surface "skin" is interposed between the temperature mattress and the mold.
• the molding can be carried out with a cold mold, or a slightly heated mold. In some cases, in fact, a mold brought to a temperature between 60 and 100 ° C. gives a better surface finish to the finished part.
• the molding cycle is between 15 seconds and 3 minutes and the pressure exerted between 20 and 100 kg / cmz. Leaving the press, the material without decorative coating appears as a shaped fibrous panel, with a density between 0.7 and 1.1.
• the above moldable mattress makes it possible to obtain parts with strong deformation, free from tears or lack of material, following stretching.
• the shaped parts thus obtained remain sufficiently porous to carry out a subsequent dressing by suction through the constituent panel.
• the mattress weighing between 700 and 2500 g / m 2 is needled to form a roll.
• the "mat” is then preheated by means of a high-frequency heating device by dielectric losses, the power of which is between 30 and 50 kw / h and comprising 2 heating plates maintained at a temperature in the region of 140 ° C.
• the mattress portion of approximately one square meter is thus brought homogeneously, both to the heart and to the surface, at a temperature of 170 ° C between 30 seconds and one minute depending on the power delivered by the high frequency generator ( frequency 27.12 MHz).
• This preheating device is located in the immediate vicinity of the press in order to have a minimum of heat loss during the transfer of the mattress between the preheating station and the press.
• this transfer can be carried out in a thermally insulated tunnel opening at the level of the press plates.
• the molding requires between 20 seconds and 2 minutes depending on the type of part, in a cold mold, or at 80 ° C maximum. In general, a cycle of the order of 45 seconds to 1 minute makes it possible to obtain pieces of desired deformation and with an adequate densification of the material.
• a pressure of between 40 and 60 kg / cm 2 is exerted on the mattress in order to obtain the required properties. Heating the mold to a temperature of 80 ° C. leads to a better surface condition of the finished part without having a fibrous appearance. The surface is then slightly glazed.
• the shaped material After cooling, the shaped material remains sufficiently porous in air to require no other operation of the microperforation type.
• the cellulosic fibers and the textile fibers respectively have the same characteristics, but the content of cellulosic fibers can reach 95% by weight while the content of thermoplastic material is zero.
• the cellulosic fibers are glued with a thermosetting resin before mixing with the textile fibers, the sequence of operations being identical.
• the preheating operation is eliminated since no thermoplastic material is to be brought to its melting point, while a steam treatment is carried out just before molding or during molding in a known manner. itself, the molding being carried out in a hot mold at a temperature sufficient for the polymerization of the sizing resin, for example at a temperature above 200 ° C. for a phenolic resin.
• the molding cycle and conditions are identical for the two embodiments described above.
• the mattress according to the invention it is possible to mold parts such as shaped panels for interior trim of automobile doors comprising an integrated armrest, from which a very strong deformation results. No tear initiation is noted, even on the parts with strong stretch.
• Cutting and inserting inserts can also take place in the same cycle, resulting in ease of implementation and increased productivity.
• packing materials it is also possible, at the level of the coating operation, to interpose one or more layers with particular properties.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
• Details Of Garments (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=9302244

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (13)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1984
  • 1984-03-20 FR FR8404308A patent/FR2561577B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1985
  • 1985-03-15 EP EP85103014A patent/EP0158156B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1985-03-15 AT AT85103014T patent/ATE43870T1/de active
  • 1985-03-15 DE DE8585103014T patent/DE3570894D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1985-03-18 ES ES541353A patent/ES8800862A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1985-03-18 JP JP60054091A patent/JPS615934A/ja active Granted
  • 1985-03-19 BR BR8501212A patent/BR8501212A/pt unknown
  • 1985-03-19 US US06/713,744 patent/US4680219A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1985-03-20 CA CA000477021A patent/CA1235293A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (6)

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