EP0156994B1 - Device for pressing the moving belt of a wide belt sander against a work piece - Google Patents

Device for pressing the moving belt of a wide belt sander against a work piece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0156994B1
EP0156994B1 EP84115880A EP84115880A EP0156994B1 EP 0156994 B1 EP0156994 B1 EP 0156994B1 EP 84115880 A EP84115880 A EP 84115880A EP 84115880 A EP84115880 A EP 84115880A EP 0156994 B1 EP0156994 B1 EP 0156994B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
grinding
belt
shoe
air outlet
sanding
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EP84115880A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0156994A1 (en
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Hans-Peter Johannsen
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B24B21/04Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces
    • B24B21/12Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces involving a contact wheel or roller pressing the belt against the work
    • B24B21/14Contact wheels; Contact rollers; Belt supporting rolls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for supporting the rotating sanding belt of a broadband sanding machine with a sanding shoe arranged within the rotating sanding belt and in its longitudinal extent transversely to the running direction of the sanding belt and which can be adjusted against a workpiece, over the longitudinal edges of which the sanding belt is guided at an angle and which to form an air cushion between the sanding shoe and sanding belt is provided on its surface facing the rear of the sanding belt with a plurality of air outlet openings which are connected to an air supply device.
  • a problem with this procedure is the processing of the edges of a workpiece on which the grinding belt runs or from which it runs.
  • DE-AB 2023540 contains suggestions for solving this problem. Even if the edge processing problem is mastered, the method described there for long belt sanding machines is practically unusable because the amount of leakage air on the sides of the sanding belt along the edges of the sanding shoes is so high that the operation of devices designed in this way is uneconomical in terms of energy.
  • the method described in DE-AB 2023540 is used in connection with broadband grinding machines. Since the sanding belt runs over the longitudinal edges of the sanding shoe, the air consumption is significantly lower when used on broadband sanding machines. Depending on the thickness of the air cushion - and especially with a uniform surface sanding, as mentioned above, a thicker air cushion is required - considerable air losses occur at the ends of the sanding pad. For reasons of critical edge processing of a workpiece, however, these air losses have so far been accepted, since it was believed that, according to the findings from DE-AB 2023540, an additional outflow of air is required here in order not to produce excessive edge grinding. Apart from the still undesirably high air consumption even when used on the broadband sander, this procedure achieves flawless results.
  • a device for pressing the rotating sanding belt of a broadband sanding machine in which the air outlet surface of the sanding shoe is provided with an elevated, circumferential peripheral edge, which both the narrow sides of the sanding shoe in the area of the edges of the Sanding belt runs through as well as the long sides of the grinding shoe and the opposite, the middle surface areas of the grinding shoe between the very large air outlet openings are designed as recessed webs.
  • This is intended to achieve a transverse flow and thus a pressure equalization between the individual air outlet openings for a uniformly pressing air cushion even when the abrasive belt lies relatively close to the peripheral edge will.
  • the grinding belt must not run on the longitudinal edges of the raised peripheral wall.
  • the air pressure must then be set so that the sanding belt also lifts off these edges, which means that it also has to lift off the raised edge at the ends of the sanding pad in the edge area of the sanding belt.
  • These edge areas can therefore not help to reduce air consumption. If, as is evident from the cited document, the grinding belt is guided along the grinding shoe in a flat orientation, the air exits evenly over the entire circumference of the grinding shoe when the grinding belt is lifted off.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the air consumption in a device of the type mentioned in the introduction while maintaining the requirements for the machining quality, including avoiding special grinding on the workpiece edges, in order to reduce the air consumption. To operate the device more economically in terms of energy consumption.
  • the grinding shoe has an increase over the entire width of the grinding shoe, the surface of which is spaced from the air outlet surface of the grinding shoe, exclusively in the edge region of the rotating grinding belt.
  • the heating of the sanding belt has in fact adverse effects on the sanding quality. While the air escaped preferentially in the area of the side edges of the sanding belt without the side seals and produced an increased cooling effect due to the larger flow volume, when using the side seals the air no longer exits significantly there, but essentially evenly along the longitudinal edges of the sanding pad, over which the sanding belt runs.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention consists in now also using a sliding coating on the grinding shoe in the claimed device with dynamic air cushion.
  • Such sliding linings are known and consist, for example, of a fabric coated with graphite.
  • a steady transition from the elevation to the air outlet surface of the grinding shoe can be produced in a simple manner by means of the tensioned sliding lining, which has a favorable effect on the service life of the grinding belt in its edge areas.
  • the air outlet openings in the sliding surface can be slightly larger in diameter than the holes in the sanding shoe body.
  • the sliding coating can be pulled in a suitable manner over the longitudinal edges of the grinding shoe body and attached to the sides thereof.
  • the elevations preferably have a thickness of approximately 2 mm.
  • the extension of the elevations in the longitudinal direction of the sanding shoe should be such that there is a sufficiently large contact surface for the sanding belt in the edge area thereof and an adequate air seal is also achieved in the process. A certain course of the edges of the sanding belt must be taken into account during operation.
  • the length of the elevations can be, for example, between 4 and 10 cm.
  • the elevations are advantageously beveled towards the air outlet surface of the grinding shoe, it being sufficient to carry out this beveling approximately over a distance of 1 cm.
  • the corners of the elevations on the side edges of the sanding shoe facing the air outlet surface of the sanding shoe should be rounded or designed in such a way that they are adapted to the running of the sanding belt in the most favorable manner possible in order to minimize wear of the sanding belt in this edge area.
  • the increases are to be arranged outside the maximum working width of the grinding machine.
  • the increases should then only be provided after these additional openings.
  • at least two longitudinal rows of air outlet openings should be provided, the openings of the individual rows being arranged offset from one another. Air outlet bores with a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm have proven to be expedient.
  • Figure 1 shows a workpiece 1, for example a hardboard provided with a wood veneer, which is carried by a grooved rubber conveyor belt 2 and is moved together with this in the plane of the drawing to the left.
  • An endless sanding belt 3 runs over the veneered surface of the workpiece 1, which wraps around an overhead drive roller 4 and two lateral deflection rollers 5 located in the vicinity of the workpiece.
  • Within the grinding belt 3 there is a grinding shoe 6 between the deflection rollers 5, with which the grinding belt 3 can be pressed against the surface of the workpiece 1.
  • Suitable devices which are known per se and are therefore not shown in the schematic figures of these drawings, are provided in the associated broadband grinding machine for positioning the grinding belt and the grinding shoe against the workpiece.
  • the grinding shoe 6 consists of a grinding shoe body 7, which is designed as a metallic hollow body and is provided with an air connection 8 for pressurizing its interior with compressed air.
  • Air outlet holes 10 which have a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm, are provided in the lower wall of the grinding shoe body 7.
  • the air outlet holes are arranged in three longitudinal rows, the holes in the individual rows being offset from one another. At least two longitudinal rows of holes should be provided.
  • a sliding covering 11 is stretched over the lower surface of the grinding shoe body 7 and consists, for example, of a fabric coated with graphite.
  • the sliding coating 11 contains air outlet openings 12 which are in register with the air outlet holes 10 of the grinding shoe body 7 and can be somewhat larger than these.
  • the sliding covering 11 thus has an air outlet surface 9 provided with the air outlet openings 12.
  • the grinding shoe 6 has an elevation 14 on both sides of its air outlet surface 9 in the area in which it is wrapped by the edge 13 of the grinding belt.
  • the elevation 14 is formed from a shim 15 attached to the grinding shoe body 7, over which the sliding amount 11 is stretched.
  • the backing piece 15 in the exemplary embodiment consists of one or two layers of the sliding covering material and has a height of approximately 2 mm.
  • the underlay piece 15 has a certain elasticity.
  • the elevation 14 or the underlay piece 15 is chamfered on its transition edge 16 pointing towards the air outlet surface 9 of the grinding shoe.
  • the corners 17 of the shim and, if necessary, its other edges are also rounded off or designed in such a way that they are best adapted to the running configuration of the grinding belt.
  • Such a constant adjustment is further improved by the fact that the sliding covering 11 is stretched over the shims 15 and thus itself forms part of the elevation 14. At the same time, in this area it has a friction-reducing effect on the grinding belt 3 which is in sliding contact here with the elevation 14.
  • a dynamic air cushion of approximately 1 to 3 mm in thickness is formed in the space 18 (see FIG. 2) between the sanding belt 3 and the sliding covering 11, which air cushion is effectively sealed by the elevations 14, without losing the effect of the dynamic air cushion on the grinding effect, on the contrary, the grinding quality is still improved.
  • the most important effect is the reduction in air consumption and thus the machine's energy consumption.
  • the supply air pressure could be reduced from approximately 2 to 2.2 bar to approximately 0.6 to 0.8 bar without using the side seals in the embodiment according to the invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wide belt sander for the treatment of surfaces of materials where the sanding belt 3 is provided on the sliding contact 6 pressing against the blank 1 with air discharge perforations 10 and 11 provided on the lower side of the sliding contact for the formation of a dynamic air cushion 18 between sliding contact 6 and sanding belt 3. A pair of shims are located on opposite sides of the sliding contact 6 and are aligned with the lateral edges of the sanding belt to provide sliding surfaces for the edges and a sealing edge for the air cushion.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Abstützen des umlaufenden Schleifbandes einer Breitbandschleifmaschine mit einem innerhalb des umlaufenden Schleifbandes und in seiner Längserstreckung quer zur Laufrichtung des Schleifbandes angeordneten und zusammen mit diesem gegen ein Werkstück anstellbaren Schleifschuh, über dessen Längskanten das Schleifband unter einem Winkel geführt ist und welcher zur Ausbildung eines Luftpolsters zwischen Schleifschuh und Schleifband an seiner der Rückseite des Schleifbandes zugewandten Fläche mit einer Vielzahl von Luftaustrittsöffnungen versehen ist, die mit einer Luftzuführeinrichtung verbunden sind.The invention relates to a device for supporting the rotating sanding belt of a broadband sanding machine with a sanding shoe arranged within the rotating sanding belt and in its longitudinal extent transversely to the running direction of the sanding belt and which can be adjusted against a workpiece, over the longitudinal edges of which the sanding belt is guided at an angle and which to form an air cushion between the sanding shoe and sanding belt is provided on its surface facing the rear of the sanding belt with a plurality of air outlet openings which are connected to an air supply device.

Bei Bandschleifmaschinen, seien es Langband-oder Breitbandschleifmaschinen zur Behandlung von Holzoberflächen, besteht in vielen Fällen die Forderung, allein die Oberfläche durch gleichmässigen, geringfügigen Abschliff in ihrer Güte zu verbessern, ohne dass dabei sich aus Oberflächenunebenheiten ergebende, erhabene Stellen stärker abgeschliffen werden als relativ zu diesen tieferliegende Stellen, da hierbei die Gefahr besteht, dass dünne Furniere an den erhabenen Stellen durchgeschliffen werden. Verlangt wird in solchen Fällen also kein Abschliff auf ein gleiches Mass, um die Oberfläche absolut eben zu gestalten, sondern ein gleichmässiger Abschliff an allen Stellen zur überall gleichen Verbesserung der Oberflächenqualität.In belt sanding machines, be it long belt or wide belt sanding machines for the treatment of wooden surfaces, there is in many cases the requirement to improve the quality of the surface by uniform, slight sanding without having to grind raised areas resulting from uneven surfaces more than relative to these lower points, as there is a risk that thin veneers will be sanded through at the raised points. In such cases, it is therefore not necessary to sand the surface to the same extent in order to make the surface absolutely flat, but rather to sand it evenly at all points in order to improve the surface quality everywhere.

Diese Forderung ist mit einem starren Schleifschuh, über den sich das Schleifband bewegt, nicht zu erreichen. Es werden daher verschiedene Massnahmen angewandt, um einen elastischen Ausdruck des Schleifbandes an die zu behandelnde Oberfläche zu erreichen. Bei Breitbandschleifmaschinen benutzt man beispielsweise einen mit einem Gleitbelag überzogenen Schleifschuh, wobei zwischen dem Gleitbelag und dem Schleifschuhkörper ein Luftpolster erzeugt wird, so dass der Gleitbelag in Form eines elastischen Kissens gegen das die Oberfläche behandelnde Schleifband andrückbar ist. Mit dieser Massnahme werden aber keine befriedigenden Ergebnisse erzielt, da auch hierbei der stärkste Andruck des Schleifbandes gegen die erhabenen Stellen der zu behandelnden Oberfläche erfolgt.This requirement cannot be met with a rigid sanding pad over which the sanding belt moves. Various measures are therefore used to achieve an elastic expression of the sanding belt on the surface to be treated. In the case of broadband sanding machines, for example, a sanding shoe covered with a sliding coating is used, an air cushion being generated between the sliding coating and the sanding shoe body, so that the sliding coating in the form of an elastic cushion can be pressed against the sanding belt treating the surface. With this measure, however, no satisfactory results are achieved, since here too the abrasive belt exerts the greatest pressure against the raised areas of the surface to be treated.

Aus der CH-A 477 263 und der DE-AB 20 23 540 ist es bereits für Langbandschleifmaschinen bekannt, einen Schleifschuh zu verwenden, der an seiner der Rückseite des Schleifbandes zugewandten Lauffläche mit frei mündenden Luftaustrittsdüsen versehen ist, wodurch sich zwischen Schleifschuh und Schleifband nicht ein stationäres, eingeschlossenes Luftpolster, sondern ein dynamisches Luftpolster bildet, welches unter bestimmten Bedingungen die Wirkung hat, dass sich tatsächlich das Schleifband Unebenheiten der Werkstückoberfläche bis in den Bereich von etwa 1 mm anpasst, so dass die angestrebte gleichmässige Oberflächenbehandlung erzielt werden kann. Wie sich aus der DE-AB 2023540 ergibt, ist die Schleifwirkung von der Dicke des sich ausbildenden, freien Luftpolsters abhängig, welches wiederum durch den Versorgungsluftdruck beeinflussbar ist. Erstaunlicherweise wird bei höherem Versorgungsluftdruck, der ein dikkeres Luftpolster bildet, ein im wesentlichen gleichmässiger Abschliff erreicht, während bei geringerem Luftdruck und dünnerem Luftpolster ein Kalibrierschleifen auf gleiches Dickenmass erzielt werden kann.From CH-A 477 263 and DE-AB 20 23 540 it is already known for long belt sanding machines to use a sanding shoe which is provided with free-flowing air outlet nozzles on its running surface facing the back of the sanding belt, so that there is no gap between the sanding shoe and sanding belt a stationary, enclosed air cushion, but forms a dynamic air cushion, which under certain conditions has the effect that the sanding belt actually adapts to unevenness in the workpiece surface up to the range of approximately 1 mm, so that the desired uniform surface treatment can be achieved. As can be seen from DE-AB 2023540, the grinding effect is dependent on the thickness of the free air cushion that forms, which in turn can be influenced by the supply air pressure. Surprisingly, with a higher supply air pressure, which forms a thicker air cushion, an essentially uniform grinding is achieved, while with a lower air pressure and a thinner air cushion, calibration grinding to the same thickness can be achieved.

Ein Problem bei dieser Verfahrensweise stellt das Bearbeiten der Kanten eines Werkstückes dar, auf die das Schleifband aufläuft, bzw. von denen es abläuft. Die DE-AB 2023540 enthält Vorschläge zur Lösung dieses Problems. Selbst bei Beherrschung des Kantenbearbeitungsproblemes ist das dort beschriebene Verfahren für Langbandschleifmaschinen aber praktisch nicht verwertbar, weil die Leckluftmenge an den Seiten des Schleifbandes entlang der Schleifschuhkanten derart hoch ist, dass der Betrieb derart ausgebildeter Vorrichtungen energiemässig unwirtschaftlich ist.A problem with this procedure is the processing of the edges of a workpiece on which the grinding belt runs or from which it runs. DE-AB 2023540 contains suggestions for solving this problem. Even if the edge processing problem is mastered, the method described there for long belt sanding machines is practically unusable because the amount of leakage air on the sides of the sanding belt along the edges of the sanding shoes is so high that the operation of devices designed in this way is uneconomical in terms of energy.

Im Betrieb des Anmelders wird das in der DE-AB 2023540 beschriebene Verfahren in Verbindung mit Breitbandschleifmaschinen verwendet. Da hierbei das Schleifband über die Längskanten des Schleifschuhes läuft, ist bei der Anwendung auf Breitbandschleifmaschinen der Luftverbrauch wesentlich geringer. Je nach Dikke des Luftpolsters - und gerade bei gleichmässigem Oberflächenabschliff wird, wie vorstehend erwähnt, ein dickeres Luftpolster benötigt - treten jedoch an den Enden des Schleifschuhs erhebliche Luftverluste auf. Aus Gründen der kritischen Kantenbearbeitung eines Werkstückes hat man diese Luftverluste jedoch bisher in Kauf genommen, da man der Auffassung war, dass entsprechend den Erkenntnissen aus der DE-AB 2023540 hier ein zusätzliches Abströmen von Luft erforderlich ist, um keinen übermässigen Kantenabschliff zu erzeugen. Abgesehen von dem auch bei der Anwendung auf die Breitbandschleifmaschine immer noch unerwünscht hohen Luftverbrauch, werden mit dieser Vorgehensweise einwandfreie Ergebnisse erzielt.In the operation of the applicant, the method described in DE-AB 2023540 is used in connection with broadband grinding machines. Since the sanding belt runs over the longitudinal edges of the sanding shoe, the air consumption is significantly lower when used on broadband sanding machines. Depending on the thickness of the air cushion - and especially with a uniform surface sanding, as mentioned above, a thicker air cushion is required - considerable air losses occur at the ends of the sanding pad. For reasons of critical edge processing of a workpiece, however, these air losses have so far been accepted, since it was believed that, according to the findings from DE-AB 2023540, an additional outflow of air is required here in order not to produce excessive edge grinding. Apart from the still undesirably high air consumption even when used on the broadband sander, this procedure achieves flawless results.

Aus der DE-A 31 05 733 ist eine Einrichtung zum Andrücken des umlaufenden Schleifbandes einer Breitbandschleifmaschine bekannt, bei der zur Vergleichmässigung des Luftpolsters die Luftaustrittsfläche des Schleifschuhs mit einer erhöhten, umlaufenden Umfangskante versehen ist, die sowohl die Schmalseiten des Schleifschuhs im Bereich der Kanten des Schleifbandes als auch die Langseiten des Schleifschuhs durchläuft und der gegenüber die mittleren Flächenbereiche des Schleifschuhs zwischen den sehr gross ausgeführten Luftaustrittsöffnungen als zurückgesetzte Stege ausgeführt sind. Hierdurch soll auch bei verhältnismässig dicht an der Umfangskante anliegendem Schleifband eine Querströmung und somit ein Druckausgleich zwischen den einzelnen Luftaustrittsöffnungen für ein gleichmässig drückendes Luftpolster erreicht werden. Wenn jedoch bei dieser Ausführung eine optimale Schleifwirkung erzielt werden soll, darf das Schleifband nicht auf den Längskanten der erhabenen Umfangsumwandung laufen. Der Luftdruck muss dann so eingestellt werden, dass das Schleifband auch von diesen Kanten abhebt, womit es gleichzeitig auch von der erhabenen Kante an den Enden des Schleifschuhs im Randbereich des Schleifbandes abheben muss. Diese Kantenbereiche können daher nicht dazu beitragen, den Luftverbrauch zu vermindern. Wenn, wie dies aus der genannten Druckschrift den Anschein hat, dort das Schleifband in ebener Ausrichtung am Schleifschuh entlanggeführt wird, tritt bei Abheben des Schleifbandes die Luft gleichmässig am gesamten Umfang des Schleifschuhs aus. Sollte aber auch bei der bekannten Ausführung das Schleifband unter einem Winkel über die Längskanten des Schleifbandes geführt werden, bleibt das Problem des Luftaustrittes an den Enden des Schleifschuhs im Randbereich des Schleifbandes unvermindert bestehen. Diese bekannte Ausführung kann daher zur Lösung des der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Problems nichts beitragen.From DE-A 31 05 733 a device for pressing the rotating sanding belt of a broadband sanding machine is known, in which the air outlet surface of the sanding shoe is provided with an elevated, circumferential peripheral edge, which both the narrow sides of the sanding shoe in the area of the edges of the Sanding belt runs through as well as the long sides of the grinding shoe and the opposite, the middle surface areas of the grinding shoe between the very large air outlet openings are designed as recessed webs. This is intended to achieve a transverse flow and thus a pressure equalization between the individual air outlet openings for a uniformly pressing air cushion even when the abrasive belt lies relatively close to the peripheral edge will. However, if an optimal grinding effect is to be achieved with this version, the grinding belt must not run on the longitudinal edges of the raised peripheral wall. The air pressure must then be set so that the sanding belt also lifts off these edges, which means that it also has to lift off the raised edge at the ends of the sanding pad in the edge area of the sanding belt. These edge areas can therefore not help to reduce air consumption. If, as is evident from the cited document, the grinding belt is guided along the grinding shoe in a flat orientation, the air exits evenly over the entire circumference of the grinding shoe when the grinding belt is lifted off. However, should the grinding belt also be guided at an angle over the longitudinal edges of the grinding belt in the known embodiment, the problem of air leakage at the ends of the grinding shoe in the edge region of the grinding belt remains unabated. This known embodiment can therefore contribute nothing to solving the problem on which the invention is based.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei Aufrechterhaltung der Anforderungen an die Bearbeitungsqualität einschliesslich der Vermeidung eines besonderen Abschliffes an den Werkstückkanten den Luftverbrauch bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art zu reduzieren, um den. Betrieb der Vorrichtung energieverbrauchsmässig wirtschaftlicher zu gestalten.The object of the invention is to reduce the air consumption in a device of the type mentioned in the introduction while maintaining the requirements for the machining quality, including avoiding special grinding on the workpiece edges, in order to reduce the air consumption. To operate the device more economically in terms of energy consumption.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass der Schleifschuh ausschliesslich im Randbereich des umlaufenden Schleifbandes je eine Erhöhung über die gesamte Breite des Schleifschuhs aufweist, deren Oberfläche von der Luftaustrittsfläche des Schleifschuhs beabstandet ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the grinding shoe has an increase over the entire width of the grinding shoe, the surface of which is spaced from the air outlet surface of the grinding shoe, exclusively in the edge region of the rotating grinding belt.

Diese Erhöhungen bilden an den Seitenkanten des Schleifbandes, d.h. in der Nähe der Enden des Schleifschuhes, eine Abdichtung des durch das freie Luftpolster zwischen Schleifschuh und Schleifband erzeugten Zwischenraumes. An den Längskanten des Schleifschuhs hält sich der Luftaustritt dadurch in Grenzen, dass das Schleifband unter einem Winkel über diese Kanten geführt ist. Entgegen früheren Annahmen hat sich gezeigt, dass auch bei einer solchen seitlichen Abdichtung die Schleifqualität unverändert aufrechterhalten werden kann. Neben der Reduzierung des Luftverbrauches auf etwa die Hälfte der bisherigen Werte ergeben sich darüber hinaus sogar noch Verbesserungen in der Schleifbehandlung, da das Schleifband bei Vorhandensein der seitlichen Abdichtungen über seine gesamte Breite gleichmässig durch das dynamische Luftpolster gekühlt wird. Die Erwärmung des Schleifbandes hat nämlich nachteilige Wirkungen auf die Schleifqualität. Während ohne die seitlichen Abdichtungen die Luft bevorzugt im Bereich der Seitenkanten des Schleifbandes austrat und durch die grössere Strömungsmenge hier einen erhöhten Kühlungseffekt erzeugte, tritt die Luft bei Verwendung der seitlichen Abdichtungen nicht mehr massgeblich dort, sondern im wesentlichen gleichmässig entlang der Längskanten des Schleifschuhes aus, über die das Schleifband läuft.These ridges form on the side edges of the sanding belt, i.e. near the ends of the sanding pad, a seal of the space created by the free air cushion between the sanding pad and the sanding belt. The air outlet on the longitudinal edges of the sanding pad is limited by the fact that the sanding belt is guided at an angle over these edges. Contrary to previous assumptions, it has been shown that the grinding quality can be maintained unchanged even with such a lateral seal. In addition to reducing the air consumption to about half of the previous values, there are even improvements in the sanding treatment, since the sanding belt is evenly cooled over its entire width by the dynamic air cushion when the side seals are present. The heating of the sanding belt has in fact adverse effects on the sanding quality. While the air escaped preferentially in the area of the side edges of the sanding belt without the side seals and produced an increased cooling effect due to the larger flow volume, when using the side seals the air no longer exits significantly there, but essentially evenly along the longitudinal edges of the sanding pad, over which the sanding belt runs.

Während bei bekannten Breitbandschleifmaschinen, die kein dynamisches Luftpolster zwischen Schleifschuh und Schleifband verwenden, ein Gleitbelag auf dem Schleifschuh unbedingt erforderlich ist, um die Standzeiten des Schleifbandes in tragbaren Grenzen zu halten, konnte man bei Breitbandschleifmaschinen mit dynamischem Luftpolster auf einen solchen Gleitbelag verzichten und das Schleifband unmittelbar über einen Schleifschuh aus Metall laufen lassen, da eine unmittelbar gleitende Berührung zwischen Schleifband und Schleifschuh nur im abgerundeten Kantenbereich des Schleifschuhes in geringem Masse auftrat. Grundsätzlich ist es auch gemäss der Erfindung möglich, nach wie vor einen Schleifschuh mit metallischer Oberfläche zu verwenden, in den die seitlichen Erhöhungen eingearbeitet oder an dem diese Erhöhungen in Form von Zusatzteilen befestigt sind. Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht jedoch darin, nunmehr auch bei der beanspruchten Vorrichtung mit dynamischem Luftpolster einen Gleitbelag auf dem Schleifschuh zu verwenden. Solche Gleitbeläge sind bekannt und bestehen beispielsweise aus einem mit Graphit beschichteten Gewebe. Bei dieser bevorzugten Ausführung ist es besonders zweckmässig, die seitlichen Erhöhungen des Schleifschuhes durch Zwischenstücke zu erzeugen, die zwischen Schleifschuhkörper und Gleitbelag eingefügt sind. Bei dieser Ausführung lässt sich auf einfache Art und Weise mittels des aufgespannten Gleitbelages ein stetiger Übergang von der Erhöhung zur Luftaustrittsfläche des Schleifschuhes erzeugen, der sich günstig auf die Standzeiten des Schleifbandes in ihren Randbereichen auswirkt.While in known broadband sanding machines that do not use a dynamic air cushion between the sanding shoe and the sanding belt, a sliding coating on the sanding shoe is absolutely necessary in order to keep the service life of the sanding belt within acceptable limits, such a sliding coating and the sanding belt could be dispensed with in broadband sanding machines with dynamic air cushion run directly over a metal sanding pad, as there was only a small amount of direct sliding contact between the sanding belt and sanding pad in the rounded edge area of the sanding pad. In principle, it is also possible according to the invention to continue to use a grinding shoe with a metallic surface, into which the side elevations are incorporated or to which these elevations are attached in the form of additional parts. A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, however, consists in now also using a sliding coating on the grinding shoe in the claimed device with dynamic air cushion. Such sliding linings are known and consist, for example, of a fabric coated with graphite. In this preferred embodiment, it is particularly expedient to generate the lateral elevations of the grinding shoe by means of intermediate pieces which are inserted between the grinding shoe body and the sliding coating. In this embodiment, a steady transition from the elevation to the air outlet surface of the grinding shoe can be produced in a simple manner by means of the tensioned sliding lining, which has a favorable effect on the service life of the grinding belt in its edge areas.

Die Verwendung eines solchen Gleitbelages reduziert einerseits die Reibung des Schleifbandes auf den erhöhten Kantenbereichen, führt aber andererseits erstaunlicherweise trotz dieser zusätzlichen Reibungspunkte insgesamt zu einer Verminderung der bei Verwendung eines dynamischen Luftpolsters ohnehin schon verhältnismässig geringen Brandantriebsenergie. Auch Verbesserungen in der bearbeiteten Oberfläche sind beobachtet worden.The use of such a sliding coating on the one hand reduces the friction of the sanding belt on the raised edge areas, but on the other hand surprisingly, despite these additional friction points, leads overall to a reduction in the fire drive energy, which is already relatively low when using a dynamic air cushion. Improvements in the machined surface have also been observed.

Bei Verwendung eines Gleitbelages soll dieser die Luftaustrittsöffnungen aufweisen, die sich mit Luftaustrittslöchern im Schleifschuhkörper in Deckung befinden. Die Luftaustrittsöffnungen im Gleitbelag können dabei im Durchmesser etwas grösser sein als die Löcher im Schleifschuhkörper. Es sollte jedoch vermieden werden, nur im Gleitbelag Luftaustrittsöffnungen vorzusehen, die sich über im Schleifschuhkörper vorgesehenen Luftführungsschlitzen befinden. In einem solchen Fall würde nämlich zwischen Schleifschuhkörper und Gleitbelag ein Druckgefälle entstehen, welches zu einem unerwünschten stationären Luftpolster zwischen Schleifschuhkörper und Gleitbelag und somit zu einer luftkissenartigen Auswölbung des Gleitbelages führen würde, die nach den einleitenden Ausführungen unerwünscht ist. Auch ist es nicht vorteilhaft, den Gleitbelag etwa nur an den Kanten des Schleifschuhes vorzusehen, da dadurch zusätzliche Anlaufkanten für das Schleifband entstehen und der Abstand zwischen Schleifband und Schleifschuhkörper im Arbeitsbereich vergrössert wird, was die Selbsteinstellung eines bestimmten Luftpolsterabstandes stören würde.When using a sliding covering, this should have the air outlet openings which are in coverage with air outlet holes in the grinding shoe body. The air outlet openings in the sliding surface can be slightly larger in diameter than the holes in the sanding shoe body. However, it should be avoided to only provide air outlet openings in the sliding lining, which are located above the air guide slots provided in the grinding shoe body. In such a case, a pressure gradient would arise between the sanding shoe body and the sliding lining, which would lead to an undesirable statio när air cushion between the sanding shoe body and sliding surface and thus lead to an air cushion-like bulge of the sliding surface, which is undesirable according to the introductory remarks. It is also not advantageous to provide the sliding surface, for example, only on the edges of the sanding pad, since this creates additional contact edges for the sanding belt and increases the distance between the sanding belt and the sanding pad body in the work area, which would interfere with the self-adjustment of a certain air cushion distance.

Der Gleitbelag kann auf geeignete Weise über die Längskanten des Schleifschuhkörpers gezogen und an dessen Seiten befestigt werden.The sliding coating can be pulled in a suitable manner over the longitudinal edges of the grinding shoe body and attached to the sides thereof.

Da je nach Schleifbedingungen mit einer dynamischen Luftpolsterdicke zwischen etwa 1 und 3 mm gearbeitet werden kann, sollen auch die Erhöhungen an den Endbereichen des Schleifschuhes in ihrer Dicke diesen Massen entsprechen. Bevorzugt weisen die Erhöhungen eine Dicke von etwa 2 mm auf. Die Erstreckung der Erhöhungen in Längsrichtung des Schleifschuhes sollte derart sein, dass sich eine genügend grosse Auflagefläche für das Schleifband in dessen Kantenbereich ergibt und dabei auch eine ausreichende Luftabdichtung erzielt wird. Dabei ist ein gewisses Verlaufen der Kanten des Schleifbandes während des Betriebes zu berücksichtigen. Die Längserstreckung der Erhöhungen kann beispielsweise zwischen 4 und 10 cm betragen.Since, depending on the grinding conditions, a dynamic air cushion thickness of between approximately 1 and 3 mm can be used, the increases in the end areas of the grinding shoe should also correspond to these masses. The elevations preferably have a thickness of approximately 2 mm. The extension of the elevations in the longitudinal direction of the sanding shoe should be such that there is a sufficiently large contact surface for the sanding belt in the edge area thereof and an adequate air seal is also achieved in the process. A certain course of the edges of the sanding belt must be taken into account during operation. The length of the elevations can be, for example, between 4 and 10 cm.

Zur Luftaustrittsfläche des Schleifschuhes hin sind die Erhöhungen vorteilhafterweise abgeschrägt, wobei es ausreicht, diese Abschrägung etwa über eine Strecke von 1 cm auszuführen. Zusätzlich sollten die der Luftaustrittsfläche des Schleifschuhes zugewandten Ecken der Erhöhungen an den Seitenkanten des Schleifschuhes abgerundet bzw. in einer solchen Weise ausgebildet sein, dass sie dem Lauf des Schleifbandes in möglichst günstiger Weise angepasst sind, um einen Verschleiss des Schleifbandes in diesem Kantenbereich zu minimieren.The elevations are advantageously beveled towards the air outlet surface of the grinding shoe, it being sufficient to carry out this beveling approximately over a distance of 1 cm. In addition, the corners of the elevations on the side edges of the sanding shoe facing the air outlet surface of the sanding shoe should be rounded or designed in such a way that they are adapted to the running of the sanding belt in the most favorable manner possible in order to minimize wear of the sanding belt in this edge area.

Die Erhöhungen sind ausserhalb der maximalen Arbeitsbreite der Schleifmaschine anzuordnen. Für eine einwandfreie Kantenbearbeitung der Werkstücke bei Ausnutzung der maximalen Bearbeitungsbreite ist es sogar zweckmässig, an jeder Seite des Schleifbandes zumindest noch eine Reihe von Luftaustrittsöffnungen ausserhalb der maximalen Arbeitsbreite vorzusehen. Die Erhöhungen sollten dann erst im Anschluss an diese zusätzlichen Öffnungen vorgesehen werden. Es sollten in jedem Fall zumindest zwei Längsreihen von Luftaustrittsöffnungen vorgesehen werden, wobei die Öffnungen der einzelnen Reihen versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind. Luftaustrittsbohrungen mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 0,5 mm haben sich als zweckmässig erwiesen.The increases are to be arranged outside the maximum working width of the grinding machine. For perfect edge processing of the workpieces while utilizing the maximum processing width, it is even expedient to provide at least one row of air outlet openings on each side of the grinding belt outside the maximum working width. The increases should then only be provided after these additional openings. In any case, at least two longitudinal rows of air outlet openings should be provided, the openings of the individual rows being arranged offset from one another. Air outlet bores with a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm have proven to be expedient.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung unter Hinweis auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen im einzelnen noch näher erläutert. Darin stellen dar:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In it represent:

  • Fig. 1 die schematische Darstellung einer Breitbandschleifanordnung in seitlicher Ansicht mit der Werkstückvorschubrichtung parallel zur Zeichenebene,1 is a schematic representation of a broadband sanding arrangement in a side view with the workpiece feed direction parallel to the drawing plane,
  • Fig. 2 eine teilweise Ansicht auf eine solche Anordnung in Richtung des Werkstückvorschubes undFig. 2 is a partial view of such an arrangement in the direction of the workpiece feed and
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung des Endbereiches des Schleifschuhes mit einer Erhöhung zur seitlichen Abdichtung des Schleifbandes.Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the end region of the grinding shoe with an increase for the lateral sealing of the grinding belt.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Werkstück 1, beispielsweise eine mit einem Holzfurnier versehene Hartfaserplatte, die von einem gerillten Gummiförderband 2 getragen ist und zusammen mit diesem in der Zeichenebene nach links bewegt wird. Über die furnierte Oberfläche des Werkstückes 1 läuft ein Endlosschleifband 3, welches eine obenliegende Antriebswalze 4 und zwei in der Nähe des Werkstückes liegende seitliche Umlenkwalzen 5 umschlingt. Innerhalb des Schleifbandes 3 befindet sich zwischen den Umlenkwalzen 5 ein Schleifschuh 6, mit dem das Schleifband 3 gegen die Oberfläche des Werkstückes 1 andrückbar ist. Zum Anstellen des Schleifbandes und des Schleifschuhes gegen das Werkstück sind in der zugehörigen Breitbandschleifmaschine geeignete Einrichtungen vorgesehen, die an sich bekannt und daher in den schematischen Figuren dieser Zeichnungen nicht dargestellt sind.Figure 1 shows a workpiece 1, for example a hardboard provided with a wood veneer, which is carried by a grooved rubber conveyor belt 2 and is moved together with this in the plane of the drawing to the left. An endless sanding belt 3 runs over the veneered surface of the workpiece 1, which wraps around an overhead drive roller 4 and two lateral deflection rollers 5 located in the vicinity of the workpiece. Within the grinding belt 3 there is a grinding shoe 6 between the deflection rollers 5, with which the grinding belt 3 can be pressed against the surface of the workpiece 1. Suitable devices, which are known per se and are therefore not shown in the schematic figures of these drawings, are provided in the associated broadband grinding machine for positioning the grinding belt and the grinding shoe against the workpiece.

Der Schleifschuh 6 besteht aus einem Schleifschuhkörper 7, der als metallischer Hohlkörper ausgebildet und mit einem Luftanschluss 8 zur Beaufschlagung seines Innenraumes mit Druckluft versehen ist. In der Unterwand des Schleifschuhkörpers 7 sind Luftaustrittslöcher 10 vorgesehen, die einen Durchmesser von etwa 0,5 mm aufweisen. Die Luftaustrittslöcher sind im Ausführungsbeispiel in drei Längsreihen angeordnet, wobei die Bohrungen der einzelnen Reihen versetzt zueinander ausgeführt sind. Es sollten mindestens zwei Längsreihen von Bohrungen vorgesehen sein.The grinding shoe 6 consists of a grinding shoe body 7, which is designed as a metallic hollow body and is provided with an air connection 8 for pressurizing its interior with compressed air. Air outlet holes 10, which have a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm, are provided in the lower wall of the grinding shoe body 7. In the exemplary embodiment, the air outlet holes are arranged in three longitudinal rows, the holes in the individual rows being offset from one another. At least two longitudinal rows of holes should be provided.

Über die untere Fläche des Schleifschuhkörpers 7 ist ein Gleitbelag 11 gespannt, der beispielsweise aus einem mit Graphit beschichteten Gewebe besteht. Der Gleitbelag 11 enthält Luftaustrittsöffnungen 12, die sich mit den Luftaustrittslöchern 10 des Schleifschuhkörpers 7 in Deckung befinden und etwas grösser als diese sein können. Der Gleitbelag 11 weist somit eine mit den Luftaustrittsöffnungen 12 versehene Luftaustrittsfläche 9 auf.A sliding covering 11 is stretched over the lower surface of the grinding shoe body 7 and consists, for example, of a fabric coated with graphite. The sliding coating 11 contains air outlet openings 12 which are in register with the air outlet holes 10 of the grinding shoe body 7 and can be somewhat larger than these. The sliding covering 11 thus has an air outlet surface 9 provided with the air outlet openings 12.

Wie aus den Figuren 2 und 3 hervorgeht, weist der Schleifschuh 6 in demjenigen Bereich, in dem er von der Kante 13 des Schleifbandes umschlungen wird, zu beiden Seiten seiner Luftaustrittsfläche 9 je eine Erhöhung 14 auf. Die Erhöhung 14 ist aus einem am Schleifschuhkörper 7 befestigten Unterlegungsstück 15 gebildet, über welches der Gleitbetrag 11 gespannt ist. Das Unterlegungsstück 15 besteht im Ausführungsbeispiel aus ein oder zwei Schichten des Gleitbelagmaterials und weist eine Höhe von etwa 2 mm auf. Für den Lauf des Schleifbandes ist es zweckmässig, wenn das Unterlegungsstück 15 eine gewisse Elastizität aufweist. Wie insbesondere aus Figur 3 zu erkennen ist, ist die Erhöhung 14 bzw. das Unterlegungsstück 15 an seiner zur Luftaustrittsfläche 9 des Schleifschuhes hinweisenden Übergangskante 16 abgeschrägt. Auch sind die Ecken 17 des Unterlegungsstückes und soweit erforderlich auch seine übrigen Kanten abgerundet bzw. derart ausgebildet, dass sie der Laufkonfiguration des Schleifbandes am günstigsten angepasst sind. Eine solche stetige Anpassung wird noch dadurch verbessert, dass der Gleitbelag 11 über die Unterlegungsstücke 15 gespannt ist und damit selbst einen Teil der Erhöhung 14 bildet. Gleichzeitig wirkt er in diesem Bereich reibungsmindernd auf das hier mit der Erhöhung 14 in Gleitkontakt stehende Schleifband 3.As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the grinding shoe 6 has an elevation 14 on both sides of its air outlet surface 9 in the area in which it is wrapped by the edge 13 of the grinding belt. The elevation 14 is formed from a shim 15 attached to the grinding shoe body 7, over which the sliding amount 11 is stretched. The backing piece 15 in the exemplary embodiment consists of one or two layers of the sliding covering material and has a height of approximately 2 mm. For the run of the grinding belt, it is expedient if the underlay piece 15 has a certain elasticity. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, the elevation 14 or the underlay piece 15 is chamfered on its transition edge 16 pointing towards the air outlet surface 9 of the grinding shoe. The corners 17 of the shim and, if necessary, its other edges are also rounded off or designed in such a way that they are best adapted to the running configuration of the grinding belt. Such a constant adjustment is further improved by the fact that the sliding covering 11 is stretched over the shims 15 and thus itself forms part of the elevation 14. At the same time, in this area it has a friction-reducing effect on the grinding belt 3 which is in sliding contact here with the elevation 14.

Während des Betriebes der Breitbandschleifmaschine bildet sich in dem Zwischenraum 18 (siehe Figur 2) zwischen dem Schleifband 3 und dem Gleitbelag 11 je nach Betriebsbedingungen ein dynamisches Luftpolster von etwa 1 bis 3 mm Dicke aus, welches durch die Erhöhungen 14 eine wirksame seitliche Abdichtung erfährt, ohne dass dadurch die Wirkung des dynamischen Luftpolsters auf den Schleifeffekt eine Einbusse erfährt, sondern im Gegenteil die Schleifqualität noch verbessert wird. Der wesentlichste Effekt ist jedoch die Verminderung des Luftverbrauchs und damit auch des Energiebedarfs der Maschine. So konnte beispielsweise bei Versuchen, bei Aufrechterhaltung einer gleichen Luftpolsterdikke, der Versorgungsluftdruck von etwa 2 bis 2,2 bar ohne Verwendung der seitlichen Abdichtungen bei der erfindungsgemässen Ausführung auf etwa 0,6 bis 0,8 bar gesenkt werden.During operation of the broadband sanding machine, a dynamic air cushion of approximately 1 to 3 mm in thickness is formed in the space 18 (see FIG. 2) between the sanding belt 3 and the sliding covering 11, which air cushion is effectively sealed by the elevations 14, without losing the effect of the dynamic air cushion on the grinding effect, on the contrary, the grinding quality is still improved. The most important effect, however, is the reduction in air consumption and thus the machine's energy consumption. In experiments, for example, while maintaining the same air cushion thickness, the supply air pressure could be reduced from approximately 2 to 2.2 bar to approximately 0.6 to 0.8 bar without using the side seals in the embodiment according to the invention.

Claims (10)

1. Device for supporting the revolving grinding belt of a wide belt grinding machine comprising a grinding shoe (6), which is arranged inside the revolving grinding belt (3), the length of which extends at a right angle to the direction of movement of the grinding belt (3), which can be placed with the belt against a workpiece (1), over the longitudinal edges of which the grinding belt (3) is guided at an angle and which, in order to form an air cushion between the grinding shoe (6) and the grinding belt (3), is provided at its surface (9) which faces the reverse of the grinding belt (3) with a plurality of air outlet openings (12) which are connected to an air supply device (8), characterised in that the grinding shoe (6) only comprises a respective elevation (14) over its entire width in the marginal area (13) of the revolving grinding belt (3), the surface of which elevation is at a distance from the air outlet surface (9) of the grinding shoe (6).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness of the elevations (14) corresponds approximately to the thickness of the air cushion (18) produced between the air outlet surface (9) of the grinding shoe (6) and the reverse of the grinding belt (3).
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the elevations (14) are between 1 and 3 mm thick.
4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the elevations (14) are bevelled towards the air outlet surface (9) of the grinding shoe (6) in a transition area (16).
5. Device according to claim 5, characterised in that the transition area (16) extends over between approximately 10 and 15 mm.
6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the corners (17) of the elevations (14) which point towards the air outlet surface (9) of the grinding shoe (6) are rounded or chamfered at the edges of the grinding shoe (6) in such a way that they are adapted to the configuration of the moving grinding belt (3).
7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the grinding shoe (6) is provided with a sliding covering (11) which comprises the air outlet openings (12), which coincide with air outlet holes (10) in the grinding shoe body (7), and that the elevations (14) are formed by base parts (15), which are arranged between the sliding covering (11) and the grinding shoe body (7).
8. Device according to claim 8, characterised in that the sliding covering (11) consists of a fabric provided with a graphite coating.
9. Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the base parts (15) consist of a flexible material.
10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that, at each end of the grinding shoe (6), there is at least one further row of air outlet openings (12) in the air outlet surface (9) of the grinding shoe (6), which row is disposed outside of the maximum working width of the machine.
EP84115880A 1984-01-17 1984-12-20 Device for pressing the moving belt of a wide belt sander against a work piece Expired EP0156994B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT84115880T ATE37679T1 (en) 1984-01-17 1984-12-20 DEVICE FOR SUPPORTING THE ROTARY GRINDING BELT OF A WIDE BELT GRINDING MACHINE AGAINST A WORKPIECE.

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DE19843401462 DE3401462A1 (en) 1984-01-17 1984-01-17 DEVICE FOR SUPPORTING THE CONTINUOUS SANDING BELT OF A BROADBAND SANDING MACHINE AGAINST A WORKPIECE
DE3401462 1984-01-17

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EP0156994A1 EP0156994A1 (en) 1985-10-09
EP0156994B1 true EP0156994B1 (en) 1988-10-05

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AT (1) ATE37679T1 (en)
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US3724045A (en) * 1970-03-10 1973-04-03 Heuze Malevez Atel Apparatus for applying pressure to an advancing web of rigid material
US4218125A (en) * 1978-10-20 1980-08-19 Xerox Corporation Pneumatic system for supporting a photoconductive surface
CH644543A5 (en) * 1980-04-03 1984-08-15 Steinemann Ulrich Ag DEVICE FOR PRESSING THE CONTINUOUS SANDING BAND OF A BELT SANDING MACHINE TO THE WORKPIECE TO BE MACHINED.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3401462A1 (en) 1985-08-01
DK19185A (en) 1985-07-18
DK19185D0 (en) 1985-01-15
EP0156994A1 (en) 1985-10-09
IE57203B1 (en) 1992-06-03
ATE37679T1 (en) 1988-10-15
US4628640A (en) 1986-12-16
DK161130B (en) 1991-06-03
DE3474420D1 (en) 1988-11-10
IE850100L (en) 1985-07-17
DK161130C (en) 1991-11-25
CA1254391A (en) 1989-05-23

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