EP0210654B1 - Belt grinding machine - Google Patents

Belt grinding machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0210654B1
EP0210654B1 EP86110529A EP86110529A EP0210654B1 EP 0210654 B1 EP0210654 B1 EP 0210654B1 EP 86110529 A EP86110529 A EP 86110529A EP 86110529 A EP86110529 A EP 86110529A EP 0210654 B1 EP0210654 B1 EP 0210654B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
grinding
pressure
belt
workpiece
pressing
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EP86110529A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0210654A3 (en
EP0210654A2 (en
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Georg Weber
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B24B21/04Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces
    • B24B21/06Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces involving members with limited contact area pressing the belt against the work, e.g. shoes sweeping across the whole area to be ground
    • B24B21/08Pressure shoes; Pressure members, e.g. backing belts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grinding machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is concerned with the problem of grinding burrs formed on cutting lines of sheet metal. It can be both burrs that arise, for example, when punching sheet metal, and melting burrs, such as those that build up along the cutting lines, for example, when plasma cutting sheet metal from molten material. Grinding machines with a large grinding roller have previously been used for deburring these sheets. The difficulty arises that the edges or burrs are often not the same at all points on the workpiece and / or that the workpieces are distorted and do not lie completely flat on the workpiece support. There is also the danger that thin workpieces of high strength will still warp due to the frictional or cutting heat generated during the grinding process.
  • the pressure beam consists essentially of a block with bores in which piston-like shafts of the pressure members are slidably guided and at their upper Ends are connected to a common pressure chamber, so that the shafts of the pressure members can be acted upon together with a pressure medium.
  • the pistons each have through slots which are penetrated by pins fixed in the block in order to prevent the pistons from falling out of the bores.
  • a roller At the free ends of the shafts protruding from the block there is a roller in each case which is intended to rest against the back of the band. In this way, the friction between the pressure members and the belt should be largely eliminated.
  • the pressure members comprise a shaft which is displaceably mounted in a carrier and which carries a bearing fork for a pressure roller at its free end protruding from the carrier.
  • the shafts are not biased by a pressure medium, but by a spring in the direction of the grinding belt.
  • the pressure members of successive rows are offset from one another in such a way that - viewed in the direction of advance of the workpiece - there is an almost complete coverage of the grinding belt width.
  • FR-A-2 107 006 shows a grinding device in which, with a multiplicity of rod-shaped pressure members guided in a box-shaped carrier, each abutting a pressure hose with its end remote from the grinding belt.
  • the ends of the rod-shaped pressure members facing the sanding belt are inserted in an elastic, flat sanding shoe which can adapt to the curved surface of the workpiece. In this way, smoothly curved surfaces can be polished.
  • an elastic, flat sanding shoe which can adapt to the curved surface of the workpiece. In this way, smoothly curved surfaces can be polished.
  • Such a machine is neither suitable nor intended for grinding the edges and burrs on metal plates. The grinding forces required for this could not be transmitted through the thin bars and the elastic sole.
  • the thick, elastic sole is also not suitable for locally transferring a sanding pressure and leaving the adjacent areas unsanded. The sole is supposed to achieve an even distribution of the local compressive forces exerted by the thin bars over the entire surface.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a belt grinder of the type described in the preamble of claim 1, which enables the complete grinding of local elevations even on metallic workpieces in a continuous process even if these workpieces are not completely flat.
  • the pressure members do not have any rollers or pressure shoes intended for abutment on the grinding belt, but instead consist of simple bolts.
  • This enables a very dense spatial arrangement of the bolt-shaped pressure members, since bulky bearing forks for the rollers and these roles themselves can be eliminated.
  • the entire bolt diameter area is available as a pressure surface for pressing the grinding belt onto the workpiece. On the one hand, this results in a fine subdivision of the effective pressure surface of the pressure beam and, on the other hand, sufficient forces can be transmitted via the flat ends of the bolt-shaped pressure members in order to be able to machine elevations on metallic workpieces.
  • the pressure beam is set to a height at which the grinding belt is held at a height below the workpiece surface by the sum of the pressure elements. If the workpiece is now pushed into the belt grinding machine, it pushes the pressure members upwards against the elastic pretensioning force, while outside the outer edges of the workpiece the pressure members remain in their lower position or can plunge into recesses lying inside the workpiece edges.
  • the burrs standing on the workpiece edges are preferably ground off first. Under certain circumstances, the surfaces of the workpiece lying between the burrs are also ground, but these surfaces are ground essentially uniformly even in the case of warped workpieces, since the individually adjustable bolts of the pressure beam follow the surface relief of the workpiece.
  • the carrier is preferably formed by a box-shaped hollow body, in the wall of which the workpiece support faces the holes for the bolts and in which there is a hose which can be pressurized with a pressure medium and which abuts the bolt ends projecting into the hollow bodies.
  • the box-shaped hollow body is subdivided into a plurality of chambers, each of which comprises a certain number of bolt gaps and in each of which a hose which can be pressurized separately is arranged, and that each chamber is assigned a touch and control device , which scans the workpiece contour and controls the pressure in the associated hose in the sense of a pressure relief for the workpiece areas not to be ground.
  • the hoses of all the chambers are pressurized, so that the grinding belt is basically biased into its grinding position.
  • FIG. 1 shows a workpiece support table 10 and a grinding unit 12 arranged above the same.
  • This includes an endless rotating grinding belt 14, which has two deflection rollers 16 on both sides of the workpiece support table 10 and one Drive roller, not shown, is guided.
  • a pressure beam 20 is used to press the grinding belt 14 against a workpiece 18 that is moved through the belt grinding machine on the workpiece support table 10, which is held on the frame of the belt grinding machine in a manner not shown, and for example by means of a piston-cylinder arrangement 22 in the direction of the double arrow A perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece support table 10 is adjustable.
  • the pressure beam 20 consists essentially of a box profile 24, the lower wall 26 facing the workpiece support table 10 is provided with a plurality of bores 28 arranged in a matrix in rows and columns, in each of which a bolt 30 is freely displaceable.
  • the bolts 30 each have a head 32 which prevents them from falling out of the bores 28. With their free ends they lie directly on the back of the grinding belt 12.
  • the bolt ends can optionally be provided with a low-wear coating. As a rule, however, such a relatively expensive solution will be dispensed with, since it can be cheaper to replace the worn bolts with new bolts.
  • a pressure hose 34 filled with compressed air which clamps the bolts 30 with their bolt heads 32 against the lower wall 26 of the box section 24.
  • the pressure hose 34 can be connected to a suitable compressed air source 40 via a connecting piece 36 and a valve 38.
  • the compressed air source can be constructed so that it is possible to keep the pressure within the pressure hose 34 constant or to vary it according to the desired grinding pressure.
  • the pressure beam 20 is adjusted relative to the workpiece support table 10 so that the distance of the grinding belt 14 from the table surface is less than the thickness of the material to be processed. If the workpiece 18 is now pushed into the grinding machine in the direction of arrow A, it raises the bolts 30. At the workpiece edges, however, the bolts 30 remain in their lower position and pull the grinding belt 14 down over the workpiece edge in the direction of the workpiece support table 10. This applies both to the area of the outer edges of the workpiece 18 and to contours cut out as desired within the same. Where the bolts 30 press the sanding belt 14 against the workpiece surface, i.e. Material is removed, particularly in the area of the burrs, so that the burrs of the workpiece are ground off after the workpiece has passed through the belt grinding machine.
  • the bolts 30 are arranged in rows of bolts successively in the direction of travel A according to FIG. 2.
  • the bolts 30 in successive bolt rows are only offset by a fraction of the bolt diameter in the row longitudinal direction.
  • the offset dimension a of two bolts successive in the direction of travel A and the number of bolt rows can be determined such that - viewed across the width of the pressure beam 20 - can achieve at least approximately the same engagement time of the bolt with the workpiece at any point.
  • the cavity of the box section 24 ' is subdivided into a plurality of chambers 42, which in the present exemplary embodiment each comprise two columns of bolts 30 and are separated from one another by partition walls 44.
  • Each chamber 42 has its own pressure hose 46 which can be vented or filled with compressed air via a valve 48.
  • known sensing elements 50 are arranged in the direction of travel A in front of the pressure beam 20, which scan an incoming workpiece and deliver corresponding tactile signals to a control device 52. This in turn controls the valves 48 of the individual chambers 42 in such a way that the hoses 46 are ventilated when those passing through the corresponding chambers 42 Workpiece areas should not be ground.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

In a belt grinding machine, comprising a work rest (10) and at least one grinding unit (12) with a revolving endless grinding belt (14) and a pressure beam (20) which is intended for pressing the grinding belt (14) onto the work surface (18) and has a support (24) directed essentially parallel to the work rest (10) and having bores (28) in which pressure members (30, 32) are held in a freely movable manner perpendicularly to the work rest (10) and are preloaded in such a way that they can be deflected elastically in the direction of the work rest (10), the movement of the pressure members (30, 32) being limited by a stop in the direction of the work rest (10), and the pressure members (30, 32), arranged in a matrix-shape in several rows and columns, being offset relative to one another in adjacent rows in each case in the direction of the row, the bolt-shaped pressure members (30), with their free bolt ends facing the grinding belt (14), bear directly on the rear side of the grinding belt (14). In this arrangement, the pressure members (30, 32) of one row are each offset relative to the pressure members (30, 32) of the respectively adjacent row only by a fraction of a bolt diameter. At a given bolt diameter and mutual bolt spacing, the amount of offset and the number of pressure-member rows are selected in such a way that - viewed in each plane parallel to the passage direction A of the workpiece (18) and perpendicular to the grinding plane - the grinding length is at least approximately the same. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Banschleifmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a grinding machine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ganz allgemein befaßt sich die Erfindung mit dem Problem, an Schnittlinien von Blechen gebildete Grate abzuschleifen. Es kann sich dabei sowohl um Grate handeln, die beispielsweise beim Stanzen von Blechen entstehen, als auch um Schmelzgrate, wie sie sich beispielsweise beim Plasmaschneiden von Blechen aus geschmolzenem Material entlang der Schnittlinien aufbauen. Zum Entgraten dieser Bleche verwendet man bisher Schleifmaschinen mit einer großen Schleifwalze. Dabei ergibt sich die Schwierigkeit, daß die Ränder oder Grate häufig nicht an allen Stellen des Werkstückes gleich hoch sind und/oder daß die Werkstücke verzogen sind und nicht völlig plan auf der Werkstückauflage liegen. Auch besteht die Gefahr, daß sich dünne Werkstücke hoher Festigkeit durch die beim Schleifvorgang erzeugte Reibungs- oder Zerspanwärme noch verziehen. Dadurch ist es praktisch unmöglich, mit einer Schleifwalze die Grate vollständig abzuschleifen, ohne dabei in die Werkstückoberfläche neben den Graten zu schleifen. Schleifwalzen mit einer mehr oder weniger weichen Umfangsfläche ermöglichen zwar einen gewissen Toleranzausgleich, haben aber den Nachteil, daß die zu übertragenden Zerspankräfte geringer sind.In general, the invention is concerned with the problem of grinding burrs formed on cutting lines of sheet metal. It can be both burrs that arise, for example, when punching sheet metal, and melting burrs, such as those that build up along the cutting lines, for example, when plasma cutting sheet metal from molten material. Grinding machines with a large grinding roller have previously been used for deburring these sheets. The difficulty arises that the edges or burrs are often not the same at all points on the workpiece and / or that the workpieces are distorted and do not lie completely flat on the workpiece support. There is also the danger that thin workpieces of high strength will still warp due to the frictional or cutting heat generated during the grinding process. This makes it practically impossible to grind the burrs completely with a grinding roller without grinding into the workpiece surface next to the burrs. Grinding rollers with a more or less soft The peripheral surface allows a certain tolerance compensation, but has the disadvantage that the cutting forces to be transmitted are lower.

Aus der US-A-2 618 913 ist eine Maschine mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 genannten Merkmalen bekannt, bei der der Druckbalken im wesentlichen aus einem Klotz mit Bohrungen besteht, in denen kolbenartige Schäfte der Druckglieder verschiebbar geführt sind und die an ihren oberen Enden mit einer gemeinsamen Druckkammer verbunden sind, so daß die Schäfte der Druckglieder gemeinsam mit einem Druckmittel beaufschlagt werden können. Die Kolben weisen jeweils durchgehende Schlitze auf, die von in dem Klotz festgelegten Stiften durchsetzt werden, um die Kolben an einem Herausfallen aus den Bohrungen zu hindern. An den aus dem Klotz herausragenden freien Enden der Schäfte ist jeweils eine Rolle gelagert, die zur Anlage an der Rückseite des Bandes bestimmt ist. Auf diese Weise soll die Reibung zwischen den Druckgliedern und dem Band weitgehend aufgehoben werden. Nachteilig an dieser Anordnung ist, daß sich in jedem Falle nur eine Linienberührung zwischen der Rolle und der Schleifbandrückseite ergibt. Auf diese Weise läßt sich nicht der für das Schleifen von Metall erforderliche Druck auf das Schleifband bzw. das Werkstück ausüben. Da ferner die Rollen in gabelförmigen Enden der kolbenartigen Schäfte der Druckglieder gelagert sind, entstehen selbst bei versetzter Anordnung der Druckglieder in aufeinanderfolgenden Reihen in Durchlaufrichtung des Werkstückes Lücken zwischen den Druckgliedern, in denen das Schleifband nicht beaufschlagt wird und in denen somit auch kein Schleifen eines Werkstückes erfolgen würde. Schließlich ist auch der bekannte Druckbalken kompliziert und teuer in der Herstellung, da eine absolut dichte Führung der kolbenartigen Schäfte der Druckglieder in den Bohrungen des Druckbalkens gewährleistet sein müßte. Aus allen vorstehend genannten Gründen eignet sich die Maschine gemäß der US-A-2 618 913 zwar gegebenenfalls zum Polieren von Werkstücken, nicht jedoch zum Schleifen metallischer Werkstücke im Durchlaufverfahren.From US-A-2 618 913 a machine is known with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, in which the pressure beam consists essentially of a block with bores in which piston-like shafts of the pressure members are slidably guided and at their upper Ends are connected to a common pressure chamber, so that the shafts of the pressure members can be acted upon together with a pressure medium. The pistons each have through slots which are penetrated by pins fixed in the block in order to prevent the pistons from falling out of the bores. At the free ends of the shafts protruding from the block there is a roller in each case which is intended to rest against the back of the band. In this way, the friction between the pressure members and the belt should be largely eliminated. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that there is only a line contact between the roller and the back of the grinding belt in any case. In this way, the pressure required for grinding metal cannot be exerted on the grinding belt or the workpiece. Furthermore, since the rollers are supported in fork-shaped ends of the piston-like shafts of the pressure members, gaps are formed between the two even in the case of an offset arrangement of the pressure members in successive rows in the direction of passage of the workpiece Pressure elements in which the sanding belt is not acted on and in which therefore no workpiece would be ground. Finally, the known pressure beam is complicated and expensive to manufacture, since an absolutely tight guidance of the piston-like shafts of the pressure elements in the bores of the pressure beam should be guaranteed. For all of the reasons mentioned above, the machine according to US Pat. No. 2,618,913 may be suitable for polishing workpieces, but not for grinding metallic workpieces in a continuous process.

Das gleiche gilt für eine Maschine gemäß der US-A 637 121, die ebenfalls die im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale aufweist. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform umfassen die Druckglieder einen in einem Träger verschiebbar gelagerten Schaft, der an seinem aus dem Träger herausragenden freien Ende eine Lagergabel für eine Druckrolle trägt. Die Schäfte werden bei dieser Ausführungsform nicht durch ein Druckmittel, sondern durch eine Feder in Richtung auf das Schleifband vorgespannt. Die Druckglieder aufeinanderfolgender Reihen sind derart gegeneinander versetzt, daß - in Vorschubrichtung des Werkstückes betrachtet -eine fast lückenlose Überdeckung der Schleifbandbreite erfolgt. Auch hier ergeben sich in der Praxis minimale Lücken zwischen einander benachbarten Druckgliederspalten, da die Rollen einander benachbarter Druckglieder nicht aneinander schleifen dürfen. Bei dieser Ausführung ist die Übertragung eines zum Metallschleifen erforderlichen Schleifdruckes wegen der Linienberührung der Rollen mit dem Schleifband kaum möglich. Ferner kann eine solche Ausführungsform dazu führen, daß ein parallel zur Bandlaufrichtung und zur Vorschubrichtung des Werkstückes gerichteter Grat gerade im Bereich zwischen zwei Spalten von Druckgliedern zu liegen kommt. In diesem Fall wird das über den Grat laufende Band unmittelbar neben dem Grat vollständig gegen die Werkstückoberfläche gedrückt, so daß ein scharfer Knick im Band entsteht und das Band möglicherweise an dieser Stelle zerschitten wird. Auch diese Maschine ist daher nur zum Polieren von Holz und Möbelteilen bestimmt und geeignet.The same applies to a machine according to US-A 637 121, which also has the features specified in the preamble of claim 1. In this embodiment too, the pressure members comprise a shaft which is displaceably mounted in a carrier and which carries a bearing fork for a pressure roller at its free end protruding from the carrier. In this embodiment, the shafts are not biased by a pressure medium, but by a spring in the direction of the grinding belt. The pressure members of successive rows are offset from one another in such a way that - viewed in the direction of advance of the workpiece - there is an almost complete coverage of the grinding belt width. Here, too, there are minimal gaps between adjacent pressure member gaps in practice, since the rollers of adjacent pressure members must not rub against each other. In this version, the transmission of a grinding pressure required for metal grinding is due to the line contact the rollers with the sanding belt hardly possible. Furthermore, such an embodiment can result in a burr which is oriented parallel to the strip running direction and the feed direction of the workpiece just lying in the region between two columns of pressure members. In this case, the strip running over the burr is pressed completely against the workpiece surface immediately next to the burr, so that a sharp kink is created in the strip and the strip may possibly be cut at this point. This machine is therefore only intended and suitable for polishing wood and furniture parts.

Die FR-A-2 107 006 zeigt eine Schleifvorrichtung, bei der, mit einer Vielzahl von in einem kastenförmigen Träger geführten stabförmigen Druckgliedern, die mit ihrem dem Schleifband fernen Ende jeweils an einem Druckschlauch anliegen. Die dem Schleifband zugewandten Enden der stabförmigen Druckglieder stecken in einem elastischen flächigen Schleifschuh, der sich sanften Krümmungen der Werkstückoberfläche anpassen kann. Auf diese Weise können sanft gekrümmte Oberflächen poliert werden. Eine solche Maschine ist aber zum Schleifen der Ränder und Grate an Metallplatten weder geeignet noch bestimmt. Die hierzu erforderlichen Schleifkräfte könnten durch die dünnen Stangen und die elastische Sohle nicht übertragen werden. Die dicke elastische Sohle ist auch nicht geeignet, einen Schleifdruck lokal zu übertragen und die angrenzenden Bereiche ungeschliffen zu lassen. Mit der Sohle soll ja gerade eine Gleichverteilung der von den dünnen Stäben ausgeübten lokalen Druckkräfte auf die gesamte Fläche erreicht werden.FR-A-2 107 006 shows a grinding device in which, with a multiplicity of rod-shaped pressure members guided in a box-shaped carrier, each abutting a pressure hose with its end remote from the grinding belt. The ends of the rod-shaped pressure members facing the sanding belt are inserted in an elastic, flat sanding shoe which can adapt to the curved surface of the workpiece. In this way, smoothly curved surfaces can be polished. However, such a machine is neither suitable nor intended for grinding the edges and burrs on metal plates. The grinding forces required for this could not be transmitted through the thin bars and the elastic sole. The thick, elastic sole is also not suitable for locally transferring a sanding pressure and leaving the adjacent areas unsanded. The sole is supposed to achieve an even distribution of the local compressive forces exerted by the thin bars over the entire surface.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Bandschleifmaschine der im Obergegriff des Anspruchs 1 beschriebenen Art anzugeben, die auf einfache Weise das vollständige Abschleifen lokaler Erhebungen auch an metallischen Werkstücken im Durchlaufverfahren selbst dann ermöglicht, wenn diese Werkstücke nicht völlig eben sind.The invention has for its object to provide a belt grinder of the type described in the preamble of claim 1, which enables the complete grinding of local elevations even on metallic workpieces in a continuous process even if these workpieces are not completely flat.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Im Gegensatz zu den eingangs beschriebenen bekannten Maschinen weisen bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung die Druckglieder keine zur Anlage an dem Schleifband bestimmten Rollen oder Druckschuhe auf, sondern bestehen aus einfachen Bolzen. Dies ermöglicht eine sehr dichte räumliche Anordnung der bolzenförmigen Druckglieder, da sperrige Lagergabeln für die Rollen und diese Rollen selbst entfallen können. Gleichzeitig steht die gesamte Bolzendurchmesserfläche als Druckfläche zum Andrücken des Schleifbandes an das Werkstück zur Verfügung. Einerseits erhält man auf diese Weise eine feine Unterteilung der wirksamen Druckfläche des Druckbalkens und andererseits lassen sich über die flächigen Enden der bolzenförmigen Druckglieder ausreichende Kräfte übertragen, um auch Erhebungen an metallischen Werkstücken zerspanen zu können. Die gegenseitige Versetzung der Bolzen in aufeinanderfolgenden Reihen um jeweils nur einen Bruchteil des Bolzendurchmessers gewährleistet bei einer ausreichenden Anzahl von Bolzenreihen eine einheitliche Schleiflänge über die gesamte Breite des Druckbalkens, so daß keine den Bolzenspalten entsprechende Schleifbahnen entstehen können und keine Gefahr besteht, daß das Schleifband zerschnitten wird. Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, daß der Verschleiß an den flächigen Bolzenenden auch beim Schleifen von metallischen Werkstücken trotz der dabei erforderlichen höhen Schleifdrücke relativ gering ist. Ein eventueller Verschleiß an den Bolzen ist auch relativ unkritisch, solange er an sämtlichen Bolzen einigermaßen einheitlich ist. Sollten die Bolzen endlich doch verschlissen sein, so können sie zu einem geringen Preis und mit geringem Aufwand durch neue Bolzen ersetzt werden.In contrast to the known machines described at the outset, in the solution according to the invention the pressure members do not have any rollers or pressure shoes intended for abutment on the grinding belt, but instead consist of simple bolts. This enables a very dense spatial arrangement of the bolt-shaped pressure members, since bulky bearing forks for the rollers and these roles themselves can be eliminated. At the same time, the entire bolt diameter area is available as a pressure surface for pressing the grinding belt onto the workpiece. On the one hand, this results in a fine subdivision of the effective pressure surface of the pressure beam and, on the other hand, sufficient forces can be transmitted via the flat ends of the bolt-shaped pressure members in order to be able to machine elevations on metallic workpieces. The mutual displacement of the studs in successive rows by only a fraction of the stud diameter ensures, with a sufficient number of stud rows, a uniform grinding length over the entire width of the pressure beam, so that no grinding tracks corresponding to the stud gaps can arise and there is no danger that the grinding belt will cut becomes. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the wear on the flat bolt ends, even when grinding metallic workpieces, is relatively low despite the high grinding pressures required. Possible wear on the bolts is also relatively uncritical, as long as it is reasonably uniform on all bolts. If the bolts are finally worn out, they can be replaced by new bolts at a low price and with little effort.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird ähnlich wie bei den oben beschriebenen bekannten Lösungen der Druckbalken auf eine Höhe eingestellt, in der das Schleifband durch die Summe der Druckglieder auf einer Höhe unterhalb der Werkstückoberfläche gehalten wird. Wird nun das Werkstück in die Bandschleifmaschine eingeschoben, so drückt es die Druckglieder gegen die elastische Vorspannkraft nach oben, während außerhalb der Außenränder des Werkstückes die Druckglieder in ihrer unteren Stellung verharren oder in innerhalb der Werkstückränder liegende Aussparungen eintauchen können. Dadurch werden zunächst bevorzugt die an den Werkstückrändern stehenden Grate abgeschliffen. Es werden zwar unter Umständen auch die zwischen den Graten liegenden Flächen des Werkstückes angeschliffen, jedoch erfolgt das Schleifen dieser Flächen selbst bei verzogenen Werkstücken im wesentlichen einheitlich, da die einzeln verstellbaren Bolzen des Druckbalkens dem Oberflächenrelief des Werkstückes folgen.In the solution according to the invention, similar to the known solutions described above, the pressure beam is set to a height at which the grinding belt is held at a height below the workpiece surface by the sum of the pressure elements. If the workpiece is now pushed into the belt grinding machine, it pushes the pressure members upwards against the elastic pretensioning force, while outside the outer edges of the workpiece the pressure members remain in their lower position or can plunge into recesses lying inside the workpiece edges. As a result, the burrs standing on the workpiece edges are preferably ground off first. Under certain circumstances, the surfaces of the workpiece lying between the burrs are also ground, but these surfaces are ground essentially uniformly even in the case of warped workpieces, since the individually adjustable bolts of the pressure beam follow the surface relief of the workpiece.

Vorzugsweise ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung der Träger von einem kastenförmigen Hohlkörper gebildet, in dessen der Werkstückauflage zugekehrten Wand die Bohrungen für die Bolzen ausgebildet sind und in dem sich ein mit einem Druckmittel beaufschlagbarer Schlauch befindet, der an den in den Hohlkörpern hineinragenden Bolzenenden anliegt. Diese Lösung ermöglicht es, einfache handelsübliche Kopfbolzen als Druckglieder zu verwenden, die durch ihren Bolzenkopf am Herausfallen aus dem Träger gehindert werden.In the solution according to the invention, the carrier is preferably formed by a box-shaped hollow body, in the wall of which the workpiece support faces the holes for the bolts and in which there is a hose which can be pressurized with a pressure medium and which abuts the bolt ends projecting into the hollow bodies. This solution makes it possible to use simple commercially available head bolts as pressure members, which are prevented from falling out of the carrier by their bolt head.

Durch die Verwendung eines Druckschlauches anstelle einer direkten Beaufschlagung der Druckglieder mit einem Druckmittel treten bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung keinerlei Dichtungsprobleme auf. Die erfindungsgemäß Lösung ist dadurch äußerst einfach und preiswert in der Herstellung.By using a pressure hose instead of directly applying pressure medium to the pressure members, no sealing problems arise in the solution according to the invention. The solution according to the invention is therefore extremely simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

Es gibt Fälle, in denen ein Anschleifen der Werkstückoberfläche neben den Graten unter allen Umständen vermieden werden muß, da z.B. die Werkstückoberfläche bereits in irgendeiner Weise vorbehandelt oder vergütet wurde. Daher wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, daß der kastenförmige Hohlkörper in eine Mehrzahl von Kammern unterteilt ist, die jeweils eine bestimmte Anzahl von Bolzenspalten umfassen und in denen jeweils ein separat mit einem Druckmittel beaufschlagbarer Schlauch angeordnet ist, und daß jeder Kammer eine Tast- und Steuereinrichtung zugeordnet ist, welche die Werkstückkontur abtastet und den Druck im zugehörigen Schlauch im Sinne einer Druckentlastung für die nicht zu schleifenden Werkstückbereiche steuert. Bei dieser Lösung werden also die Schläuche sämtlicher Kammern mit Druck beaufschlagt, so daß das Schleifband grundsätzlich in seine Schleifstellung vorgespannt ist. Für die nicht zu schleifenden Werkstückflächen werden beim Durchlauf des Werkstückes die in diesem Bereich liegenden Kammern entlüftet. Diese Lösung ermöglicht es, die Schleifzeit durch eine beliebig einstellbare Zeitverzögerung zwischen dem Tastsignal, das von dem Tastorgan beim Erfassen eines Grates ausgelöst wird, und der Belüftung der jeweiligen Kammer einzustellen. Die Einstellung einer solchen Zeitverzögerung ist technisch auf sehr einfache Weise möglich.There are cases in which grinding of the workpiece surface in addition to the burrs must be avoided under all circumstances, since, for example, the workpiece surface has already been pretreated or tempered in some way. It is therefore proposed according to the invention that the box-shaped hollow body is subdivided into a plurality of chambers, each of which comprises a certain number of bolt gaps and in each of which a hose which can be pressurized separately is arranged, and that each chamber is assigned a touch and control device , which scans the workpiece contour and controls the pressure in the associated hose in the sense of a pressure relief for the workpiece areas not to be ground. In this solution, the hoses of all the chambers are pressurized, so that the grinding belt is basically biased into its grinding position. For the workpiece surfaces that are not to be ground, the chambers in this area are vented when the workpiece passes through. This solution makes it possible to reduce the grinding time by an arbitrarily adjustable time delay between the probe signal, which is triggered by the probe when a burr is detected, and the ventilation of the respective chamber. The setting of such a time delay is technically possible in a very simple manner.

Die folgende Beschreibung erläutert in Verbindung mit den beigefügten Zeichnungen die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Teilschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Bandschleifmaschine parallel zur Durchlaufrichtung des Werkstückes,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Unterseite des erfindungsgemäßen Druckbalkens und
Fig. 3
einen schematischen Schnitt durch einen Druckbalken mit zur Schleifebene paralleler Schnittebene gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
The following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings explains the invention using exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Fig. 1
2 shows a schematic partial section through a belt grinding machine according to the invention parallel to the direction of travel of the workpiece,
Fig. 2
a schematic plan view of the underside of the pressure beam according to the invention and
Fig. 3
a schematic section through a pressure beam with the plane parallel to the grinding plane cutting plane according to a second embodiment of the invention.

In der Fig. 1 erkennt man einen Werkstückauflagetisch 10 sowie ein oberhalb desselben angeordnetes Schleifaggregat 12. Dieses umfaßt ein endloses umlaufendes Schleifband 14, das über zwei Umlenkrollen 16 beiderseits des Werkstückauflagetisches 10 und eine nicht dargestellte Antriebswalze geführt ist. Zum Andrücken des Schleifbandes 14 an ein auf dem Werkstückauflagetisch 10 durch die Bandschleifmaschine hindurchbewegtes Werkstück 18 dient ein Druckbalken 20, der in nicht dargestellter Weise an dem Gestell der Bandschleifmaschine gehalten und beispielsweise mittels einer Kolbenzylinderanordnung 22 in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles A senkrecht zur Oberfläche des Werkstückauflagetisches 10 verstellbar ist.1 shows a workpiece support table 10 and a grinding unit 12 arranged above the same. This includes an endless rotating grinding belt 14, which has two deflection rollers 16 on both sides of the workpiece support table 10 and one Drive roller, not shown, is guided. A pressure beam 20 is used to press the grinding belt 14 against a workpiece 18 that is moved through the belt grinding machine on the workpiece support table 10, which is held on the frame of the belt grinding machine in a manner not shown, and for example by means of a piston-cylinder arrangement 22 in the direction of the double arrow A perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece support table 10 is adjustable.

Der Druckbalken 20 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Kastenprofil 24, dessen dem Werkstückauflagetisch 10 zugewandte untere Wand 26 mit einer Vielzahl von matrixförmig in Reihen und Spalten angeordneten Bohrungen 28 versehen ist, in denen jeweils ein Bolzen 30 frei verschieblich steckt. Die Bolzen 30 besitzen jeweils einen Kopf 32, der sie am Herausfallen aus den Bohrungen 28 hindert. Mit ihren freien Enden liegen sie an der Rückseite des Schleifbandes 12 unmittelbar an. Die Bolzenenden können gegebenenfalls mit einem verschleißarmen Belag versehen sein. In der Regel wird man jedoch auf eine solche relativ teure Lösung verzichten, da es preiswerter sein kann, die verschlissenen Bolzen durch neue Bolzen zu ersetzen.The pressure beam 20 consists essentially of a box profile 24, the lower wall 26 facing the workpiece support table 10 is provided with a plurality of bores 28 arranged in a matrix in rows and columns, in each of which a bolt 30 is freely displaceable. The bolts 30 each have a head 32 which prevents them from falling out of the bores 28. With their free ends they lie directly on the back of the grinding belt 12. The bolt ends can optionally be provided with a low-wear coating. As a rule, however, such a relatively expensive solution will be dispensed with, since it can be cheaper to replace the worn bolts with new bolts.

Innerhalb des Kastenprofiles 24 befindet sich ein beispielsweise mit Druckluft gefüllter Druckschlauch 34, der die Bolzen 30 mit ihren Bolzenköpfen 32 gegen die untere Wand 26 des Kastenprofils 24 spannt. Der Druckschlauch 34 kann über einen Anschlußstutzen 36 und ein Ventil 38 mit einer geeigneten Druckluftquelle 40 verbunden sein. Die Druckluftquelle kann dabei so aufgebaut sein, daß es möglich ist, den Druck innerhalb des Druckschlauches 34 konstant zu halten oder entsprechend dem gewünschten Schleifdruck zu variieren.Within the box section 24 there is, for example, a pressure hose 34 filled with compressed air, which clamps the bolts 30 with their bolt heads 32 against the lower wall 26 of the box section 24. The pressure hose 34 can be connected to a suitable compressed air source 40 via a connecting piece 36 and a valve 38. The compressed air source can be constructed so that it is possible to keep the pressure within the pressure hose 34 constant or to vary it according to the desired grinding pressure.

Im Betrieb wird der Druckbalken 20 relativ zum Werkstückauflagetisch 10 so eingestellt, daß der Abstand des Schleifbandes 14 von der Tischoberfläche geringer als die Stärke des zu bearbeitenden Materials ist. Wird das Werkstück 18 nun in Richtung des Pfeiles A in die Schleifmaschine eingeschoben, so hebt es die Bolzen 30 an. An den Werkstückrändern dagegen bleiben die Bolzen 30 in ihrer unteren Stellung und ziehen das Schleifband 14 über den Werkstückrand nach unten in Richtung auf den Werkstückauflagetisch 10. Dies gilt sowohl für den Bereich der Außenränder des Werkstückes 18 als auch für beliebig ausgeschnittene Konturen innerhalb desselben. Dort, wo die Bolzen 30 das Schleifband 14 an die Werkstückoberfläche andrücken, d.h. vor allem im Bereich der Grate, wird Material abgetragen, so daß die Grate des Werkstückes nach dem Durchlauf desselben durch die Bandschleifmaschine abgeschliffen sind.In operation, the pressure beam 20 is adjusted relative to the workpiece support table 10 so that the distance of the grinding belt 14 from the table surface is less than the thickness of the material to be processed. If the workpiece 18 is now pushed into the grinding machine in the direction of arrow A, it raises the bolts 30. At the workpiece edges, however, the bolts 30 remain in their lower position and pull the grinding belt 14 down over the workpiece edge in the direction of the workpiece support table 10. This applies both to the area of the outer edges of the workpiece 18 and to contours cut out as desired within the same. Where the bolts 30 press the sanding belt 14 against the workpiece surface, i.e. Material is removed, particularly in the area of the burrs, so that the burrs of the workpiece are ground off after the workpiece has passed through the belt grinding machine.

Auf diese Weise lassen sich ohne den geringsten Steuerungsaufwand Bleche mit beliebigen Konturen auch dann entgraten, wenn diese Bleche nicht vollständig eben auf dem Werkstückauflagetisch 10 aufliegen. Denn im Gegensatz zu der bekannten Walzenschleifmaschine, bei der die Schleifwalze nur als Ganzes verstellt werden kann, passen sich die als Druckglieder dienenden Bolzen 30 der Werkstückoberseite in einem großen Bereich an. Dabei wird die bei den herkömmlichen Walzenschleifmaschinen bestehende Gefahr vermieden, daß auf der einen Seite das Werstück dünn geschliffen wird, während auf der anderen Seite der eigentlich abzuschleifende Grat immer noch vorhanden ist. Allerdings kann es nach wie vor zwechmäßig sein, bei sehr hohen Graten diese nach wie vor mittels einer Walzenschleifmaschine bis auf einen Restbetrag abzutragben und erst dann das Werkstück durch die erfindungsgemäße Bandschleifmaschine hindurchzuführen.In this way, sheets with any contours can be deburred without the slightest control effort, even if these sheets do not lie completely flat on the workpiece support table 10. Because in contrast to the known roller grinding machine, where the grinding roller only can be adjusted as a whole, the bolts 30 serving as pressure elements adapt to the upper side of the workpiece over a wide range. This avoids the risk that exists in conventional roll grinding machines that the workpiece is ground thin on one side, while the burr that is actually to be ground is still present on the other side. However, in the case of very high burrs, it can still be branched off, as before, to scrape it down to a residual amount by means of a roll grinding machine and only then to pass the workpiece through the belt grinding machine according to the invention.

Um über die gesamte Breite des Druckbalkens ein einheitliches Schleifbild zu erhalten und das Auftreten von Schleifbahnen mit dazwischen liegenden scharfen Rändern zu vermeiden, sind die Bolzen 30 in in Durchlaufrichtung A aufeinanderfolgenden Bolzenreihen gemäß Fig. 2 angeordnet. Wie man in Fig. 2 erkennt, sind die Bolzen 30 in aufeinanderfolgenden Bolzenreihen jeweils nur um einen Bruchteil des Bolzendurchmessers in Reihenlängsrichtung gegeneinander versetzt. Bei einem gegebenen Bolzendurchmesser und einem gegebenen Abstand der Bolzen 30 innerhalb jeder Reihe läßt sich das Versetzungsmaß a zweier in Durchlaufrichtung A aufeinanderfolgender Bolzen und die Anzahl der Bolzenreihen so bestimmen, daß sich - über die Breite des Druckbalkens 20 hin betrachtet - an jeder Stelle mindestens annähernd die gleiche Eingriffszeit der Bolzen mit dem Werkstück erzielen läßt. Das bedeutet, daß die Summe der Beträge e₁ und die Summe der Beträge e₂ entlang zweier Schnittebenen E₁ und E₂, die parallel zur Durchlaufrichtung A und senkrecht zur Zeichenebene der Fig. 2 gerichtet sind, mindestens annähernd gleich sein müssen. In der Praxis wird die Schleifänge - quer zur Durchlaufrichtung A betrachtet - zwischen einem unteren und einem oberen Grenzwert periodisch variieren. Die Differenz zwischen diesen beiden Werten läßt sich mit zunehmender Anzahl von Bolzenreihen kleiner machen. Jedoch ist die sinnvolle Anzahl der Bolzenreihen durch verschiedene Faktoren begrenzt.In order to obtain a uniform sanding pattern over the entire width of the pressure beam and to avoid the occurrence of sanding tracks with sharp edges lying in between, the bolts 30 are arranged in rows of bolts successively in the direction of travel A according to FIG. 2. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the bolts 30 in successive bolt rows are only offset by a fraction of the bolt diameter in the row longitudinal direction. For a given bolt diameter and a given spacing of the bolts 30 within each row, the offset dimension a of two bolts successive in the direction of travel A and the number of bolt rows can be determined such that - viewed across the width of the pressure beam 20 - can achieve at least approximately the same engagement time of the bolt with the workpiece at any point. This means that the sum of the amounts e 1 and the sum of the amounts e 2 along two cutting planes E 1 and E 2, which are parallel to the direction of travel A and perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 2, must be at least approximately the same. In practice, the grinding length - viewed transversely to the direction of travel A - will vary periodically between a lower and an upper limit value. The difference between these two values can be made smaller as the number of rows of bolts increases. However, the reasonable number of rows of bolts is limited by various factors.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 ist der Hohlraum des Kastenprofils 24' in mehrere Kammern 42 unterteilt, die bei dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils zwei Spalten von Bolzen 30 umfassen und durch Trennwände 44 voneinander getrennt sind. In jeder Kammer 42 befindet sich ein eigener Druckschlauch 46, der über ein Ventil 48 entlüftet bzw. mit Druckluft gefüllt werden kann.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the cavity of the box section 24 'is subdivided into a plurality of chambers 42, which in the present exemplary embodiment each comprise two columns of bolts 30 and are separated from one another by partition walls 44. Each chamber 42 has its own pressure hose 46 which can be vented or filled with compressed air via a valve 48.

In Durchlaufrichtung A vor dem Druckbalken 20 sind bei dieser Ausführungsform an sich bekannte Tastorgane 50 angeordnet, welche ein ankommendes Werkstück abtasten und entsprechende Tastsignale an eine Steuervorrichtung 52 liefern. Diese wiederum steuert die Ventile 48 der einzelnen Kammern 42 in der Weise, daß die Schläuche 46 belüftet werden, wenn die unter den entsprechenden Kammern 42 durchlaufenden Werkstückbereiche nicht geschliffen werden sollen.In this embodiment, known sensing elements 50 are arranged in the direction of travel A in front of the pressure beam 20, which scan an incoming workpiece and deliver corresponding tactile signals to a control device 52. This in turn controls the valves 48 of the individual chambers 42 in such a way that the hoses 46 are ventilated when those passing through the corresponding chambers 42 Workpiece areas should not be ground.

Claims (3)

  1. A belt grinder comprising a work rest (10) and at least one grinding unit (12) having an endless rotating grinding belt (14) and a pressing beam (20) adapted to press the same on to the workpiece surface (18), the pressing beam having a carrier (24) which extends substantially parallel to the rest (10) and which is formed with bores (28), in which bores pressing members (30, 32) are so disposed as to be freely movable perpendicularly to the rest (10) and are biased resiliently for deflection towards the rest (10), the movement of the pressing members (30, 32) towards the rest (10) being limited by an abutment, the pressing members (30, 32) being arranged matrix-fashion in a number of rows and columns and being offset from one another in adjacent rows in the row direction extending perpendicularly to the direction (A) of passage of the workpiece, characterised in that the pin-like pressing members (30) engage directly, by way of their free ends near the grinding belt (14), with the back thereof, the pressing members (30, 32) of any row are offset only by a fraction of a pin diameter from the pressing members (30, 32) of the adjacent row, and for a given pin diameter and for a given between-pins spacing the amount (a) of the offset and the number of pressing member lines are such that, as considered in every plane (E₁, E₂) which is parallel to the direction (A) of passage of the workpiece (18) and perpendicular to the grinding plane, the possible grinding length is at least substantially equal.
  2. A belt grinder according to claim 1, characterised in that the carrier (24) is embodied by a hollow box member formed in its wall (26) near the rest (10) with the bores for the pin-like pressing members (30, 32), in which hollow member a flexible tube (34) energizable by a pressure medium is disposed, the flexible tube (34) engaging the pressing member ends (32) which extend into the hollow box member.
  3. A belt grinder according to claim 2, characterised in that the hollow box member (24') is subidived into a number of chambers (42) each comprising a predetermined number of pressing-member rows and in each of which a flexible tube (46) energizable separately with a pressure medium is disposed, and a scanning and control facility (50, 52) is associated with each chamber (42), scans the work contour and controls the pressure in the associated flexible tubular member (46) in the sense of a pressure reduction for the work zones not required to be ground.
EP86110529A 1985-07-30 1986-07-30 Belt grinding machine Expired - Lifetime EP0210654B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86110529T ATE62169T1 (en) 1985-07-30 1986-07-30 BELT GRINDING MACHINE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3527265 1985-07-30
DE19853527265 DE3527265A1 (en) 1985-07-30 1985-07-30 BELT GRINDING MACHINE

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EP0210654A2 EP0210654A2 (en) 1987-02-04
EP0210654A3 EP0210654A3 (en) 1987-12-02
EP0210654B1 true EP0210654B1 (en) 1991-04-03

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EP86110529A Expired - Lifetime EP0210654B1 (en) 1985-07-30 1986-07-30 Belt grinding machine

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EP (1) EP0210654B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE62169T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3527265A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8903949U1 (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-08-02 Weber, Georg, 8640 Kronach Belt sander
IT1257801B (en) * 1992-05-21 1996-02-13 Dmc Spa WOOD SANDING MACHINE
DE202005014430U1 (en) 2005-09-12 2005-11-24 Lissmac Maschinenbau Und Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh Device for machining strip or plate like metal workpieces has grinding belt which in region of workpiece is in active connection with drive device which then drives the belt
DE102016116622A1 (en) * 2016-09-06 2018-03-08 Steinemann Technology Ag Method for monitoring a grinding process
CN112676992A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-04-20 青岛建诚伟业机械制造有限公司 Lifting type electromagnetic pressing beam system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US637121A (en) * 1899-04-03 1899-11-14 Albert Huseby Polishing-machine.
US2618913A (en) * 1950-02-23 1952-11-25 George H Plancon Abrading machine shoe construction
DE951766C (en) * 1954-12-16 1956-10-31 Boettcher & Gessner Belt sander for woodworking
US2803927A (en) * 1956-11-15 1957-08-27 John A Nylund Sanding and polishing machines
FR2107006A5 (en) * 1970-09-29 1972-05-05 Zeitlin Leo
SE419193B (en) * 1979-04-25 1981-07-20 Bertil Jonasson DEVICE AT A LEAD GRINDING MACHINE CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE GRINDING UNIT WHICH PROVIDED THE GRINDING DEPTH INFLUENCING THE ASSEMBLY AND AT LEAST ONE PRESSURE TABLE FOR COMPRESSING THE WORK PIECE AND THE GRINDING UNIT ...
DE8024973U1 (en) * 1980-09-18 1981-03-26 Widu-Maschinenfabrik W. Duttine oHG, 74906 Bad Rappenau GRINDING SHOE

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ATE62169T1 (en) 1991-04-15
DE3527265A1 (en) 1987-02-12
DE3678503D1 (en) 1991-05-08
EP0210654A3 (en) 1987-12-02
EP0210654A2 (en) 1987-02-04

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