EP0156664A1 - Verfahren zum Anlassen und zur Operation bei niedriger Last einer Dieselbrennkraftmaschine und Dieselbrennkraftmaschine versehen mit derartigem Verfahren - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Anlassen und zur Operation bei niedriger Last einer Dieselbrennkraftmaschine und Dieselbrennkraftmaschine versehen mit derartigem Verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0156664A1
EP0156664A1 EP85400234A EP85400234A EP0156664A1 EP 0156664 A1 EP0156664 A1 EP 0156664A1 EP 85400234 A EP85400234 A EP 85400234A EP 85400234 A EP85400234 A EP 85400234A EP 0156664 A1 EP0156664 A1 EP 0156664A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
engine
valves
control
diesel engine
exhaust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85400234A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0156664B1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Delesalle
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Alsacienne de Constructions Mecaniques SA
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Alsacienne de Constructions Mecaniques SA
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Publication of EP0156664A1 publication Critical patent/EP0156664A1/de
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Publication of EP0156664B1 publication Critical patent/EP0156664B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/004—Aiding engine start by using decompression means or variable valve actuation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
    • F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
    • F02D41/3058—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used the engine working with a variable number of cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for starting and running at low load of diesel engines in which the injection of fuel and the opening of the valves is controlled by an electronic control system.
  • motors with electronic control pose the same problem as traditional motors with cam control, for starting and operating at low loads, in particular in the case of supercharged motors known as "with reduced volumetric ratio" and, more generally, in all cases where the compressed air in the cylinder by the compression stroke does not reach the ignition temperature.
  • Another device consists in creating a restriction of the exhaust section, for example at the outlet of the exhaust turbine.
  • this system is ineffective and only provides insufficient heating, since the volume of air to be heated, comprised between the intake manifold and the shut-off valve on the exhaust circuit, is very large.
  • the only device used is to heat the supply air (for example up to 70 ° C), before it is introduced into the cylinders.
  • This reheating can be done for example by means of auxiliary burners in the intake manifold, or alternatively heat exchangers, supplied by an external heat source, on the air circuit of the engine.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks and to allow starting and running at low load of diesel engines with electronic control, in particular engines with reduced volumetric ratio supercharged by turbo-compressor, without having to call upon auxiliary means for reheating the supply air.
  • the process involves controlling the valves and injection so that, on at least some of the engine cylinders, several successive compression strokes are carried out, valves closed, without fuel injection.
  • the succession of several compressions / expansions ensures the escape of air, since there is no flow and the volume of air is limited to that of the cylinder.
  • the air in the cylinder can thus reach the ignition temperature and the fuel injection is then controlled, which causes the combustion / expansion motor stroke.
  • the engine can be run for a shorter number of times (six instead of eight for example) and one can limit (in duration or in lifting) the opening of the exhaust valve, to recompress the gases contained in the cylinder several times in succession in order to raise the temperature to a sufficient level.
  • the invention also relates to a diesel engine in which the method according to the invention is applied, at start-up and under low load.
  • a motor comprises, in the microprocessor (analog processing unit) for controlling injection and opening of the valves, means for periodically preventing the injection of fuels and for preventing or periodically limiting the opening of the valves, in order to obtain several successive compression / expansion cycles before ignition.
  • the starter drives the motor shaft, the piston 14 performs its normal intake stroke, the intake valve A being normally open (1- Figure 1).
  • the piston then performs (2-figure 1) its normal compression stroke, valves closed and it is at the end of this compression stroke that, in a conventional engine, the opening of the fuel injection would be controlled.
  • the injector 20 is kept closed as well as the valves A and E during at least one expansion / compression cycle (3 and 4 in FIG. 1) and for example, as shown in FIG. 1, for another two expansion / compression cycles (3-4-5 and 6 figure 1).
  • This succession of several compression strokes ensures the heating of the air enclosed in the cylinder to a temperature allowing the ignition of the fuel.
  • the fuel is then injected at the end of this last compression (6-figure 1), which conventionally produces the combustion / expansion stroke (7-figure 1) then the exhaust stroke (8- figure 1 ), with the exhaust valve E open.
  • Figure 1 therefore illustrates well the operation of an engine following an eight-stroke cycle, instead of four-stroke.
  • n is limited by the number of cylinders in the engine and may vary with various engine parameters (power, speed, temperature, etc.).
  • FIG. 2 Various means have been shown in FIG. 2 for obtaining such a result.
  • the exhaust valve E opened in the vicinity of the PMB (in the opening zone O) closes before the TDC (closing zone F).
  • the exhaust valve E is closed in the vicinity of the PMB and does not open until late, for example in the vicinity of the half-stroke of the piston (opening zone O ') for close around TDC (closing zone F '). Thanks to the microprocessor (or analog processing unit) processing the valve opening signals, it is easy to choose the angular positions of the crankshaft for which the opening or closing orders are given.
  • valve opening control systems make it possible to control not only the time of opening but also the amplitude of the valve lift. It is what one represented on the figure 2-c, where the valve of escape pement opens conventionally in the vicinity of the PMB (opening zone O ”) to close in the vicinity of the TDC (closing zone F”), but with only a partial lift which produces a rolling of the gases and makes it remain in the cylinder part of the hot gases.
  • the intake stroke in the engine launch phase with the intake valve A open and the exhaust valve E closed is shown in diagram 1 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 This is what has been represented in FIG. 3 in which the first diagram (8) corresponds to the exhaust stroke (8) in FIG. 1.
  • the second diagram shows the piston 14 arrived at TDC and the two valves closed.
  • the three diagrams 1 (1) -1 (2) -1 (3) are a breakdown of the intake stroke shown in (1) in Figure 1 and show that during part 1 (2) of this stroke the valve The exhaust is temporarily reopened to swallow some of the hot exhaust gases which mix, to heat them, with the cold air introduced by the intake valve.
  • the lifting of the exhaust valve can be total or partial.
  • the low-load starting and running method according to the invention is preferably applied to the totality of the cylinders of an engine but it can be applied to only a part of them.
  • thermal engines in general, when they operate at low load or speed get dirty.
  • the oil flows carried by the pistons enter the intake and exhaust pipes, oxidize and in the long run coke. This fouling reduces the sections and compromises the proper functioning.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate this fouling at low load thanks to the fact that the successions of compressions (with injection and closed valves) artificially raise the temperatures of the cycle to an exhaust temperature sufficient to burn the oil and prevent fouling, this increase in temperature being further improved by the delayed or partial opening of the exhaust valves which has been described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • This system comprises, in a known manner, a sensor 21-22 of the angular position and of the speed of the shaft 18 of the motor.
  • This sensor applies its signals to three processing units 24-26-28.
  • Unit 24 manages the opening and closing function of the intake valves A.
  • Unit 28 manages the opening and closing function exhaust valves E.
  • the unit 28 manages the opening and closing function of the injector 20.
  • Valves A and E are controlled by electro-hydraulic actuators (e.g. of the type described in the French patent application No. 83- 1 5128 supra) or electro-pneumatic piloted by electromagnets 34-36.
  • the injector 20 is controlled by an actuator 37 controlled by an electromagnet 38.
  • the control signals produced and conditioned by the units 24-26-28 are transmitted respectively to the electromagnets 34-38-36 via '' 40-42-44 power interfaces.
  • the units 24-26-28 receive other information 45 relating to other operating parameters of the engine and necessary for the regulation function.
  • the units 24-26-28 are set up and programmed to deliver their control signals according to the classic sequence of the four-stroke cycle.
  • an electronic cycle modifier system is added to the electronic control system.
  • This system can consist of three signal inhibitor circuits 46-48-50 connected to the processing units 24-26-28 and periodically canceling the valve opening control signals and the injection control signals normally produced by these processing units based on a given signal from sensor 21-22. If the inhibitor circuit is set for only one cancellation of signals per cycle, the engine will run at six times (two successive compressions), if it is set for two cancellations per cycle, the engine will run at eight times (three successive compressions, like in Figure 1) and so on. An appropriate means of adjustment on the inhibitor circuit will make it possible to choose the operating cycle of the engine which suitable for launch periods, idling, low load.
  • the specific types of opening of the exhaust valve (delayed opening, partial or with facelift), which have been described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, can be developed in the processing unit 28, on the basis of information also supplied by the inhibitor circuit 50 or supplied directly by the regulation circuit 45.
  • a central cycle modifier circuit could replace the three individual circuits 46-48-50.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce an internal combustion engine with internal heating of the supply air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP85400234A 1984-03-02 1985-02-13 Verfahren zum Anlassen und zur Operation bei niedriger Last einer Dieselbrennkraftmaschine und Dieselbrennkraftmaschine versehen mit derartigem Verfahren Expired EP0156664B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8403256A FR2560645B1 (fr) 1984-03-02 1984-03-02 Procede pour le demarrage et la marche a faible charge d'un moteur diesel et moteur diesel comportant application de ce procede
FR8403256 1984-03-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0156664A1 true EP0156664A1 (de) 1985-10-02
EP0156664B1 EP0156664B1 (de) 1987-06-16

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EP85400234A Expired EP0156664B1 (de) 1984-03-02 1985-02-13 Verfahren zum Anlassen und zur Operation bei niedriger Last einer Dieselbrennkraftmaschine und Dieselbrennkraftmaschine versehen mit derartigem Verfahren

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4641613A (de)
EP (1) EP0156664B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60209647A (de)
DE (1) DE3560267D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2560645B1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0406027A2 (de) * 1989-06-30 1991-01-02 Tonen Corporation Steuerverfahren für die Kraftstoffzufuhr und Ultraschallzerstäuber
WO1993024741A1 (en) * 1992-06-01 1993-12-09 Caterpillar Inc. A method and apparatus for starting an engine utilizing unit valve actuation
FR2913251A1 (fr) * 2007-03-01 2008-09-05 Renault Sas Procede de commande d'un moteur pour le demarrage a froid.
FR2924767A1 (fr) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-12 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede pour demarrer a froid un moteur a combustion interne, notamment a autoallumage, et moteur utilisant un tel procede

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BE1000774A5 (fr) * 1987-07-30 1989-04-04 Schmitz Gerhard Moteur a combustion interne a six temps.
US4945870A (en) * 1988-07-29 1990-08-07 Magnavox Government And Industrial Electronics Company Vehicle management computer
JPH0663458B2 (ja) * 1989-05-09 1994-08-22 いすゞ自動車株式会社 サイクル変換可能エンジン
JP2711565B2 (ja) * 1989-05-11 1998-02-10 株式会社いすゞセラミックス研究所 エンジンのサイクル制御装置
US5205152A (en) * 1991-02-19 1993-04-27 Caterpillar Inc. Engine operation and testing using fully flexible valve and injection events
EP0593089B1 (de) * 1991-04-01 1997-05-21 Caterpillar Inc. Verfahren zum einspritzen von kraftstoff in einen brennraum einer maschine und einspritzsystem
US5657730A (en) * 1991-04-12 1997-08-19 Ab Volvo Method for cold starting piston-type combustion engines and a device for carrying out the method
DE4141481C2 (de) * 1991-12-16 2002-04-11 Oskar Schatz Verfahren zur Regelung des Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnisses eines Verbrennungsmotors, insbesondere eines Verbrennungsmotors der Kolbenbauart
US5201296A (en) * 1992-03-30 1993-04-13 Caterpillar Inc. Control system for an internal combustion engine
US5732677A (en) * 1996-04-25 1998-03-31 Baca; Arthur C. Internal combustion engine with eight stroke operating cycle
US8215292B2 (en) * 1996-07-17 2012-07-10 Bryant Clyde C Internal combustion engine and working cycle
US6408625B1 (en) 1999-01-21 2002-06-25 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Operating techniques for internal combustion engines
SE521741C2 (sv) 1999-06-24 2003-12-02 Volvo Personvagnar Ab Metod för att styra en flertaktsmotor
US6564757B2 (en) * 2000-06-22 2003-05-20 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine including heat accumulation system, and heat carrier supply control system
DE10063750A1 (de) * 2000-12-21 2002-06-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine
US6443108B1 (en) 2001-02-06 2002-09-03 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Multiple-stroke, spark-ignited engine
US6876097B2 (en) 2001-02-22 2005-04-05 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. System for regulating speed of an internal combustion engine
JP4147917B2 (ja) * 2002-11-28 2008-09-10 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の電磁駆動バルブ制御装置および電磁駆動バルブ制御方法
US20060248886A1 (en) * 2002-12-24 2006-11-09 Ma Thomas T H Isothermal reciprocating machines
US20040177837A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-16 Bryant Clyde C. Cold air super-charged internal combustion engine, working cycle & method
AT501183B1 (de) * 2004-08-19 2006-11-15 Avl List Gmbh Verfahren zum betrieb einer brennkraftmaschine
US7418928B2 (en) * 2006-04-28 2008-09-02 Caterpillar Inc. Engine and method for operating an engine
US7530342B2 (en) * 2006-09-07 2009-05-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Approach for facilitating fuel evaporation in cylinder of an internal combustion engine
WO2009096947A1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2009-08-06 Mack Trucks, Inc. Method for starting an engine, and an engine
JP2010019240A (ja) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-28 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の制御装置
FR2936021B1 (fr) * 2008-09-18 2013-01-04 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de controle de l'admission et de l'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne du type a fonctionnement degrade d'au moins un cylindre et moteur utilisant un tel procede
US8191516B2 (en) * 2009-03-09 2012-06-05 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Delayed exhaust engine cycle
GB0913988D0 (en) * 2009-08-11 2009-09-16 New Malone Company Ltd Closed loop thermodynamic
US9163568B2 (en) * 2009-10-20 2015-10-20 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cold start systems and methods
US8689541B2 (en) 2011-02-16 2014-04-08 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Valvetrain control method and apparatus for conserving combustion heat
US8788182B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2014-07-22 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Engine speed based valvetrain control systems and methods
US8707679B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2014-04-29 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Catalyst temperature based valvetrain control systems and methods
ITBO20130665A1 (it) * 2013-11-29 2015-05-30 Ferrari Spa Metodo per la disattivazione ciclica dei cilindri di un motore a combustione interna durante l'utilizzo a carico parzializzato
FR3034467A1 (fr) * 2015-04-02 2016-10-07 Ifp Energies Now Procede de combustion d'un melange carbure d'un moteur a combustion interne
DE102015224758A1 (de) * 2015-12-10 2017-06-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors
WO2019120511A1 (en) 2017-12-20 2019-06-27 Volvo Truck Corporation Method for operating an internal combustion engine
EP3942170B1 (de) * 2019-03-20 2023-07-26 Volvo Penta Corporation Verfahren und system zur steuerung eines verbrennungsmotors

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FR2406087A1 (fr) * 1977-08-20 1979-05-11 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Procede et dispositif pour le demarrage d'un moteur a combustion interne a quatre temps et a compression d'air

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US1934238A (en) * 1926-10-19 1933-11-07 Schimanek Emil Method of operating internal combustion engines
US1794799A (en) * 1929-09-07 1931-03-03 Holloyt Motors Corp Art of internal-combustion engines
US4009695A (en) * 1972-11-14 1977-03-01 Ule Louis A Programmed valve system for internal combustion engine
DE2728259A1 (de) * 1977-06-23 1979-01-04 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Viertakt-hubkolben-brennkraftmaschine
FR2406087A1 (fr) * 1977-08-20 1979-05-11 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Procede et dispositif pour le demarrage d'un moteur a combustion interne a quatre temps et a compression d'air

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0406027A2 (de) * 1989-06-30 1991-01-02 Tonen Corporation Steuerverfahren für die Kraftstoffzufuhr und Ultraschallzerstäuber
EP0406027A3 (en) * 1989-06-30 1991-07-24 Tonen Corporation Fuel supply control method and ultrasonic atomizer
WO1993024741A1 (en) * 1992-06-01 1993-12-09 Caterpillar Inc. A method and apparatus for starting an engine utilizing unit valve actuation
FR2913251A1 (fr) * 2007-03-01 2008-09-05 Renault Sas Procede de commande d'un moteur pour le demarrage a froid.
FR2924767A1 (fr) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-12 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede pour demarrer a froid un moteur a combustion interne, notamment a autoallumage, et moteur utilisant un tel procede
EP2077382A1 (de) * 2007-12-10 2009-07-08 Ifp Verfahren für den Kaltstart eines Verbrennungsmotors, insbesondere eines selbstzündenden Verbrennungsmotors, und Motor, welcher dieses Verfahren verwendet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2560645A1 (fr) 1985-09-06
DE3560267D1 (en) 1987-07-23
EP0156664B1 (de) 1987-06-16
FR2560645B1 (fr) 1988-04-08
US4641613A (en) 1987-02-10
JPS60209647A (ja) 1985-10-22

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