EP0155991A1 - Carbon monoxide respiratory apparatus - Google Patents

Carbon monoxide respiratory apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155991A1
EP0155991A1 EP84111817A EP84111817A EP0155991A1 EP 0155991 A1 EP0155991 A1 EP 0155991A1 EP 84111817 A EP84111817 A EP 84111817A EP 84111817 A EP84111817 A EP 84111817A EP 0155991 A1 EP0155991 A1 EP 0155991A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
carbon monoxide
catalyst
inhaled air
drying agent
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84111817A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Carl-Ernst Dr. Van Der Smissen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA
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Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Draegerwerk AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0155991A1 publication Critical patent/EP0155991A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B19/00—Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus
    • A62B19/02—Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus with oxidising agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a carbon oxide breathing apparatus with a filter device through which the inhaled and exhaled air flows and which contains a CO catalyst.
  • the device provided according to the invention differs fundamentally from all corresponding respiratory protective devices that have been used in practice so far.
  • Their filter devices for protection against carbon oxide contain a contact substance (catalyst) made from a mixture of copper oxide and manganese dioxide, which is known under the name hopkalite. Hopkalit is very quickly poisoned by the absorption of moisture. Therefore, the catalyst must be protected against the harmful effects of atmospheric humidity by a very effective drying agent. To achieve sufficient holding times, a lot of desiccant must be connected upstream to dry the inhaled air to be filtered. Nevertheless, hopkalite filters require a great deal of effort for water vapor-tight packaging.
  • hopkalite without desiccants only allows for short operating times; Respiratory protective devices equipped in this way can only be used for special tasks.
  • a carbon oxide filter self-rescuer in which a filter container is connected to a breath connection, such as a mouthpiece or respirator.
  • the breath connection is provided with an exhalation valve.
  • the filter housing contains a carbon oxide oxidizing catalyst, the hopkalite, and further filter material layers, which protect the catalyst against moisture, in particular as a drying agent.
  • the filter housing is in open connection with the mouthpiece or mask interior without the interposition of an inhalation valve.
  • the exhalation resistance of the exhalation valve is less than the inhalation resistance of the filter mass. This prevents the exhaled air from flowing back through the filter material.
  • the moisture sensitivity of the catalyst is a particular difficulty. It requires the arrangement of the desiccant, which increases weight, volume and breathing resistance.
  • the service life of the device is limited by the drying capacity of the available drying agent. The device can only be made available if it is moisture-proof, i.e. expensive and sensitive water vapor-tight packaging is required. If the leakage goes unnoticed, the rescue function of the device is thwarted.
  • Dräger booklet 320 reports on the "Dräger PARATmask and device variants".
  • the device concept is based on the demand to rescue people of all ages from fire-smoky buildings with a breathing apparatus that is available in a universal size.
  • a container that is tightly sealed on all sides protects the CO filter contained in the Parat mask from water vapor from the surrounding area Atmosphere and ensures that the device is ready for operation for many years.
  • Each packaging container is individually leak tested after being closed and before delivery.
  • No valves were used here, the operation is carried out with pendulum breathing.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a carbon oxide respirator so that it is insensitive to rough treatment with a smaller and lighter construction size and ensures a much longer holding time even after a long preparation time.
  • the advantages achieved with the invention consist in particular in the fact that it has become possible to use a CO catalyst directly without an additional drying agent.
  • the Pt catalyst remains non-poisoned when operated intermittently; this means that both the inhaled air and the exhaled air are passed through the carbon oxide filter in succession.
  • the functionality remains at normal temperature, so that a complete conversion of carbon oxide with air-oxygen is guaranteed.
  • This filter is insensitive to the influence of air humidity. It differs fundamentally from all other previously used respiratory protection filters for protection against carbon oxide.
  • the absence of a desiccant makes the device much smaller, lighter and less sensitive.
  • the standby tank no longer has to be water vapor tight and can only be designed with due regard to the mechanical stress.
  • the drawing shows a schematic longitudinal section through a breathing apparatus provided as a CO filter self-rescuer.
  • the carbon oxide filter self-rescuer is contained in a standby container so that it is protected against mechanical damage and contamination when it is deposited near the work site or worn on the body.
  • the device consists of the filter housing 1, in which the Pt catalytic converter 2 is accommodated between flow-friendly holding surfaces 3.
  • a pre-filter layer 4 retains the dust.
  • a cover 5 closes off the filter housing 1.
  • the filter housing 1 is supplemented by a mouthpiece housing 6.
  • This has a mouthpiece 7 with a nose clip 8 for the inhalation opening.
  • the carbon oxide filter self-rescuer according to the invention is ventilated in alternate breathing, that is, it is inhaled 9 as well as exhaled 10 in the same way.
  • the Pt catalyst 2 is a metal from the group of platinum metals, such as platinum, palladium or rhodium on a carrier made of activated carbon, aluminum oxide, etc.

Abstract

In carbon monoxide respiratory apparatuses, the poisonous carbon monoxide in the inhaled air is made to react with atmospheric oxygen on the surface of carbon monoxide catalysts and thus removed. The carbon monoxide respiratory apparatus contains, in a filtering device, a Pt catalyst comprising a metal from the group of platinum metals on a support. The usually encountered poisoning caused by moisture on the usually customary CO catalyst, i.e. Hopcalite, which can only be counteracted by passing the inhaled air first through a drying agent, does not take place in this apparatus which has intermittent inhalation, in which the inhaled air is passed through the filter not only when inhaled but also when exhaled. This is why the drying agent and valves for regulating the inhaled air can be dispensed with. The smaller carbon monoxide respiratory apparatus according to the invention containing the Pt catalyst does not need any special packaging for protecting the drying agent against moisture which may enter from outside. It only requires a ready-to-use holder against normal mechanical stress and soiling. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kohlenoxid-Atemschutzgerät mit von der Einatem- und Ausatemluft durchströmter Filtereinrichtung, die einen CO-Katalysator enthält.The invention relates to a carbon oxide breathing apparatus with a filter device through which the inhaled and exhaled air flows and which contains a CO catalyst.

Ein derartiges Kohlenoxid-Atemschutzgerät ist bereits aus dem Dräger-Heft 320 (Mai-Sept. 1981) "Dräger-PARAT-mask und Gerätevarianten" bekannt.Such a carbon oxide breathing apparatus is already known from the Dräger Review 320 (May-September 1981) "Dräger PARAT mask and device variants".

Das laut Erfindung vorgesehene Gerät unterscheidet sich grundsätzlich von allen bisher in der-Praxis gebräuchlichen entsprechenden Atemschutzgeräten. Deren Filtereinrichtungen zum Schutz gegen Kohlenoxid enthalten einen Kontaktstoff (Katalysator) aus einem Gemisch von Kupferoxid und Mangandioxid, das unter dem Namen Hopkalit bekannt ist. Hopkalit wird jedoch durch Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit sehr schnell vergiftet. Deshalb muß der Katalysator durch ein sehr wirksames Trockenmittel gegen den schädlichen Einfluß der Luftfeuchtigkeit geschützt werden. Zur Erzielung ausreichender Haltezeiten muß zur Trocknung der zu filtrierenden Einatemluft viel Trockenmittel vorgeschaltet werden. Trotzdem erfordern Hopkalitfilter einen großen Aufwand für eine wasserdampfdichte Verpackung.The device provided according to the invention differs fundamentally from all corresponding respiratory protective devices that have been used in practice so far. Their filter devices for protection against carbon oxide contain a contact substance (catalyst) made from a mixture of copper oxide and manganese dioxide, which is known under the name hopkalite. Hopkalit is very quickly poisoned by the absorption of moisture. Therefore, the catalyst must be protected against the harmful effects of atmospheric humidity by a very effective drying agent. To achieve sufficient holding times, a lot of desiccant must be connected upstream to dry the inhaled air to be filtered. Nevertheless, hopkalite filters require a great deal of effort for water vapor-tight packaging.

Die Verwendung des Hopkalits ganz ohne Trockenmittel erlaubt nur geringe Einsatzzeiten; derart ausgerüstete Atemschutzgeräte sind nur für Sonderaufgaben einsetzbar.The use of hopkalite without desiccants only allows for short operating times; Respiratory protective devices equipped in this way can only be used for special tasks.

Aus der DE-PS 12 46 416 ist ein Kohlenoxid-Filterselbstretter bekannt, bei dem ein Filterbehälter an einem Atemanschluß, wie Mundstück oder Atemschutzmaske, angeschlossen ist. Der Atemanschluß ist mit einem Ausatemventil versehen. Das Filtergehäuse enthält einen Kohlenoxid oxidierenden Katalysator, das Hopkalit, und weitere Filtermaterialschichten, die insbesondere als Trockenmittel den Katalysator vor Feuchtigkeit schützen. Das Filtergehäuse steht ohne Zwischenschaltung eines Einatemventils in offener Verbindung mit dem Mundstück- oder Maskeninnenraum. Der Ausatemwiderstand des Ausatemventils ist kleiner als der Einatemwiderstand der Filtermasse. Dadurch tritt eine Rückströmung der ausgeatmeten Luft durch das Filtermaterial nicht ein.From DE-PS 12 46 416 a carbon oxide filter self-rescuer is known, in which a filter container is connected to a breath connection, such as a mouthpiece or respirator. The breath connection is provided with an exhalation valve. The filter housing contains a carbon oxide oxidizing catalyst, the hopkalite, and further filter material layers, which protect the catalyst against moisture, in particular as a drying agent. The filter housing is in open connection with the mouthpiece or mask interior without the interposition of an inhalation valve. The exhalation resistance of the exhalation valve is less than the inhalation resistance of the filter mass. This prevents the exhaled air from flowing back through the filter material.

Die Feuchtigkeitsempfindlichkeit des Katalysators bildet eine besondere Schwierigkeit. Sie erfordert die Anordnung des Trockenmittels, die eine Vergrößerung von Gewicht, Volumen und Atemwiderstand mit sich bringt. Die Gebrauchsdauer des Gerätes ist durch das Trocknungsvermögen des verfügbaren Trockenmittels begrenzt. Eine Bereitstellung des Gerätes ist nur unter Feuchtigkeitsabschluß möglich, d.h. es ist eine teure und empfindliche wasserdampfdichte Verpackung erforderlich. Bei deren unbemerkter Undichtigkeit wird die Rettungsfunktion des Gerätes vereitelt.The moisture sensitivity of the catalyst is a particular difficulty. It requires the arrangement of the desiccant, which increases weight, volume and breathing resistance. The service life of the device is limited by the drying capacity of the available drying agent. The device can only be made available if it is moisture-proof, i.e. expensive and sensitive water vapor-tight packaging is required. If the leakage goes unnoticed, the rescue function of the device is thwarted.

Im Dräger-Heft 320 wird über die "Dräger-PARATmask und Gerätevarianten" berichtet. Das Gerätekonzept basiert auf der Forderung, Menschen aller Altersstufen aus brandverqualmten Gebäuden zu retten, und zwar mit einem Atemschutzgerät, das in einer Universalgröße bereitgestellt wird.Ein allseitig dicht verschlossener Behälter schützt das in der Parat-Maske enthaltene CO-Filter vor Wasserdampf aus der umgebenden Atmosphäre und sichert dem Gerät eine langjährige Betriebsbereitschaft. Jeder Verpackungsbehälter wird nach dem Verschließen und vor Auslieferung einzeln einer Dichtigkeitsprüfung unterzogen. Bei Geräten für die Selbstrettung, die für einen langen Zeitraum ohne Wartung und Funktionskontrolle für den Einsatz bereitgehalten werden, ist eine größtmögliche Einfachheit und damit Betriebssicherheit anzustreben. Es wurde hier auf Ventile verzichtet, der Betrieb erfolgt in Pendelatmung. Damit wird durch das CO-Filter eingeatmet und die Ausatemluft verläßt das Filter auch auf dem gleichen Wege wieder rückwärts. Dem Katalysator, dem Hopkalit, ist kein Trockenmittel vorgeschaltet. Eine Anfeuchtung des Trockenmittels und damit sein Unbrauchbarwerden während der langen Bereitstellung tritt hier nicht ein. Eine dadurch sehr viel kürzere Haltezeit des Hopkalit wird bewußt, erlaubt durch die beabsichtigte Verwendung als Fluchtfilter, in Kauf genommen.In Dräger booklet 320 reports on the "Dräger PARATmask and device variants". The device concept is based on the demand to rescue people of all ages from fire-smoky buildings with a breathing apparatus that is available in a universal size. A container that is tightly sealed on all sides protects the CO filter contained in the Parat mask from water vapor from the surrounding area Atmosphere and ensures that the device is ready for operation for many years. Each packaging container is individually leak tested after being closed and before delivery. For devices for self-rescue that are kept ready for use for a long period of time without maintenance and functional control, the greatest possible simplicity and thus operational safety should be aimed for. No valves were used here, the operation is carried out with pendulum breathing. This means that the CO filter breathes in and the exhaled air leaves the filter backwards in the same way. No desiccant is connected upstream of the catalyst, the hopkalite. Moisturization of the desiccant and thus its becoming unusable during the long supply does not occur here. A much shorter holding time of the H opkalit is consciously accepted, permitted by the intended use as an escape filter.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, ein Kohlenoxid-Atemschutzgerät so zu verbessern, daß es bei kleinerem und leichteren Bauumfang unempfindlich gegen eine rauhe Behandlung ist und auch nach langer Bereitstellungszeit eine viel längere Haltezeit sichert.The object of the invention is to improve a carbon oxide respirator so that it is insensitive to rough treatment with a smaller and lighter construction size and ensures a much longer holding time even after a long preparation time.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem gattungsgemäßen Kohlenoxid-Atemschutzgerät mit einem Pt-Katalysator, der ein Metall aus der Gruppe der Platinmetalle auf einem Träger ist, gelöst.This object is achieved with a generic carbon oxide respirator with a Pt catalyst, which is a metal from the group of platinum metals on a carrier.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß es möglich wurde, einen CO-Katalysator ohne zusätzlich notwendiges Trockenmittel direkt zu verwenden. Der Pt-Katalysator bleibt unvergiftet, wenn er intermittierend betrieben wird; das heißt, daß nacheinander sowohl die Einatemluft als auch die Ausatemluft durch das Kohlenoxid-Filter geführt werden. Die Funktionsfähigkeit bleibt bei normaler Temperatur erhalten, so daß ein vollständiger Umsatz von Kohlenoxid mit Luft-Sauerstoff gewährleistet ist. Dies Filter ist unempfindlich gegen den Einfluß von Luftfeuchtigkeit. Es unterscheidet sich damit grundsätzlich von allen anderen bisher gebräuchlichen Atemschutzfiltern zum Schutz gegen Kohlenoxid.The advantages achieved with the invention consist in particular in the fact that it has become possible to use a CO catalyst directly without an additional drying agent. The Pt catalyst remains non-poisoned when operated intermittently; this means that both the inhaled air and the exhaled air are passed through the carbon oxide filter in succession. The functionality remains at normal temperature, so that a complete conversion of carbon oxide with air-oxygen is guaranteed. This filter is insensitive to the influence of air humidity. It differs fundamentally from all other previously used respiratory protection filters for protection against carbon oxide.

Der Verzicht auf ein Trockenmittel macht das Gerät viel kleiner, leichter und unempfindlicher. Der Bereitschaftsbehälter muß nicht mehr wasserdampfdicht sein und kann nur mit Rücksicht auf die mechanische Beanspruchung einfach ausgelegt sein.The absence of a desiccant makes the device much smaller, lighter and less sensitive. The standby tank no longer has to be water vapor tight and can only be designed with due regard to the mechanical stress.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden beschrieben. Die Zeichnung zeigt einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein als CO-Filterselbstretter vorgesehenes Atemschutzgerät.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described below. The drawing shows a schematic longitudinal section through a breathing apparatus provided as a CO filter self-rescuer.

Der Kohlenoxid-Filterselbstretter ist in der Bereitstellung, in der er in der Nähe der Arbeitsstelle deponiert ist oder am Körper getragen wird, in einem Bereitschaftsbehälter enthalten, damit er gegen mechanische Beschädigungen und Verschmutzungen geschützt ist.The carbon oxide filter self-rescuer is contained in a standby container so that it is protected against mechanical damage and contamination when it is deposited near the work site or worn on the body.

Das Gerät besteht aus dem Filtergehäuse l, in dem der Pt-Katalysator 2 zwischen strömungsgünstigen Halteflächen 3 untergebracht ist. Eine Vorfilterschicht 4 hält den Staub zurück. Ein Deckel 5 schließt das Filtergehäuse 1 ab.The device consists of the filter housing 1, in which the Pt catalytic converter 2 is accommodated between flow-friendly holding surfaces 3. A pre-filter layer 4 retains the dust. A cover 5 closes off the filter housing 1.

Nach der entgegengesetzten Seite wird das Filtergehäuse 1 durch ein Mundstückgehäuse 6 ergänzt. Dies besitzt zur Einatemöffnung ein Mundstück 7 mit einer Nasenklemme 8.On the opposite side, the filter housing 1 is supplemented by a mouthpiece housing 6. This has a mouthpiece 7 with a nose clip 8 for the inhalation opening.

Der Kohlenoxid-Filterselbstretter nach der Erfindung wird in Pendelatmung beatmet, das heißt es wird auf dem gleichen Wege eingeatmet 9 wie auch ausgeatmet 10.The carbon oxide filter self-rescuer according to the invention is ventilated in alternate breathing, that is, it is inhaled 9 as well as exhaled 10 in the same way.

Der Pt-Katalysator 2 ist ein Metall aus der Gruppe der Platinmetalle, wie Platin,Palladium oder Rhodium auf einem Träger aus Aktivkohle, Aluminiumoxid usw.The Pt catalyst 2 is a metal from the group of platinum metals, such as platinum, palladium or rhodium on a carrier made of activated carbon, aluminum oxide, etc.

Claims (1)

1. Kohlenoxid-Atemschutzgerät mit von der Einatem- und Ausatemluft durchströmter Filtereinrichtung, die einen CO-Katalysator enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieser Pt-Katalysator (2) ein Metall aus der Gruppe der Platinmetalle auf einem Träger ist.1. A carbon oxide breathing apparatus with a filter device through which the inhaled and exhaled air flows and which contains a CO catalyst, characterized in that this Pt catalyst (2) is a metal from the group of platinum metals on a support.
EP84111817A 1984-02-14 1984-10-03 Carbon monoxide respiratory apparatus Withdrawn EP0155991A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3405098 1984-02-14
DE19843405098 DE3405098A1 (en) 1984-02-14 1984-02-14 CARBON OXYGEN RESPIRATOR

Publications (1)

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EP0155991A1 true EP0155991A1 (en) 1985-10-02

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EP84111817A Withdrawn EP0155991A1 (en) 1984-02-14 1984-10-03 Carbon monoxide respiratory apparatus

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EP (1) EP0155991A1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60199466A (en)
DE (1) DE3405098A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0193861A2 (en) * 1985-03-02 1986-09-10 Drägerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Carbon monoxide breathing air filter
GB2255285A (en) * 1991-04-26 1992-11-04 William George Lyne Air purifier
GB2275612A (en) * 1993-02-11 1994-09-07 Coal Ind Improvements in or relating to respiratory protective equipment
GB2282329A (en) * 1993-09-08 1995-04-05 Coal Ind Respiratory protective equipment
GB2291807A (en) * 1994-07-28 1996-02-07 Multifabs Survival Ltd Breathing device with mouthpiece and nose clip

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5964218A (en) * 1994-08-31 1999-10-12 Lifepro, Inc. Face mask with back-up smoke inhalation protection and method of operation
TW287952B (en) * 1994-08-31 1996-10-11 Lifepro Inc
WO1996011037A1 (en) * 1994-10-06 1996-04-18 Philip Michael Leworthy A filtering device
KR101332199B1 (en) * 2012-06-21 2013-11-25 주식회사 이엠따블유에너지 Portable air purifier

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR864827A (en) * 1940-01-16 1941-05-06 Improvements to means of protection against combat gases
DE1246416B (en) * 1965-05-17 1967-08-03 Draegerwerk Ag Carbon monoxide filter self-rescuer
DE2811627A1 (en) * 1977-03-18 1978-09-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd METHOD FOR PURIFYING AIR CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1585061A (en) * 1977-03-15 1981-02-25 Nat Res Dev Synthesis of peptides
JPS5784744A (en) * 1980-11-17 1982-05-27 Showa Denko Kk Catalyst for removing carbon monooxide used in gas mask
DE3400505A1 (en) * 1984-01-10 1985-07-18 Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck RESPIRATORY DEVICE WITH PROTECTIVE HOOD

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR864827A (en) * 1940-01-16 1941-05-06 Improvements to means of protection against combat gases
DE1246416B (en) * 1965-05-17 1967-08-03 Draegerwerk Ag Carbon monoxide filter self-rescuer
DE2811627A1 (en) * 1977-03-18 1978-09-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd METHOD FOR PURIFYING AIR CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 7, Nr. 225, 6. Oktober 1983, Seite (C-189) (1370); & JP-A-58-119338 (KOUGIYOU KAIHATSU) 15-07-1983; & JP-A-58-119339 (KOUGIYOU KAIHATSU) 15-07-1983 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0193861A2 (en) * 1985-03-02 1986-09-10 Drägerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Carbon monoxide breathing air filter
EP0193861A3 (en) * 1985-03-02 1989-02-22 Drägerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Carbon monoxide breathing air filter
GB2255285A (en) * 1991-04-26 1992-11-04 William George Lyne Air purifier
GB2275612A (en) * 1993-02-11 1994-09-07 Coal Ind Improvements in or relating to respiratory protective equipment
GB2282329A (en) * 1993-09-08 1995-04-05 Coal Ind Respiratory protective equipment
GB2291807A (en) * 1994-07-28 1996-02-07 Multifabs Survival Ltd Breathing device with mouthpiece and nose clip
GB2291807B (en) * 1994-07-28 1998-07-29 Multifabs Survival Ltd Improvements in or relating to breathing devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3405098A1 (en) 1985-08-29
JPS60199466A (en) 1985-10-08

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Inventor name: VAN DER SMISSEN, CARL-ERNST, DR.