EP0148325B1 - Respiratory apparatus with protective hood - Google Patents
Respiratory apparatus with protective hood Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0148325B1 EP0148325B1 EP84111339A EP84111339A EP0148325B1 EP 0148325 B1 EP0148325 B1 EP 0148325B1 EP 84111339 A EP84111339 A EP 84111339A EP 84111339 A EP84111339 A EP 84111339A EP 0148325 B1 EP0148325 B1 EP 0148325B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- respiratory
- insertion frame
- breathing
- protective hood
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
- A62B17/04—Hoods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
- A62B18/04—Gas helmets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
- A62B23/02—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a breathing apparatus with a protective hood according to the first part of claim 1.
- Such a breathing apparatus with protective hood is already known from DE-C-650 830.
- Respirators with a protective hood according to the invention can be found as rescue devices, e.g. as escape devices, use. If necessary, they must both be available in a functionally reliable manner and be able to be put on by inexperienced users. Furthermore, if the filter is used for a longer period of time, it must be possible for users to replace it.
- a respirator with a protective hood which is intended as a filter device with a half mask for escape purposes.
- the filter is sealed against environmental influences in a packaging bag and tightly integrated with it into the half mask and the protective hood surrounding it by means of a clamp.
- the ends of the packaging bag are divided by tear lines and connected to the folded protective hood so that when the device is started up, the packaging bag is opened on both sides at the same time as the protective hood is unfolded. Due to the difficult clamp attachment, the used filter cannot be replaced by laypersons either to extend the readiness for use during the preparation, after exercises or during use to extend the service life.
- DE-C-650 830 describes an oxygen respirator in which a cartridge containing an oxygen-emitting, carbon-binding mass can be replaced while the device is in use.
- the mask has a connector into which a tubular container is screwed by means of a screw connection. This is open on both sides and has openings opposite one another in its jacket. One opening creates the connection to the inside of the mask through the screw connection, while the other opening leads to the exhalation tube and above it to the breathing bag.
- the cartridge to be inserted from the side into the tubular container has openings in its jacket which coincide with the openings in the container. If the cartridge is used up, it can be replaced by a new cartridge when the respirator is in use.
- the object of the invention is to improve a breathing apparatus with a protective hood, which can be easily put on even by inexperienced people in the event of a disaster, in such a way that the breathing filter can be easily used by them or replaced after use.
- the breathing connection ends in the form of a half mask in the interior of the hood and in that the breathing filter has a cutting edge with which a packaging bag surrounding the breathing filter can be separated by placing a retaining collar attached to the packaging bag on one of the open ones On the side of the insertion frame, the part of the packaging bag which is enclosed by the holding collar is pierced by inserting the breathing filter into the insertion frame.
- the advantages achieved by the invention consist in particular in that, by simply inserting the breathing filter into the plug-in frame without complications, even inexperienced persons, especially in the event of a catastrophe, always have reliable protection.
- the used respiratory filter can be replaced without interrupting the respiratory protection.
- the exercise can be practiced with directly provided exercise filters. It is good if the user has noticed the breathing resistance, which unfortunately cannot be completely avoided.
- the insertion frame carries a dust filter on the side facing away from the hood.
- the respirator consists of a breathing connection 1, tightly inserted into a protective hood 2.
- the breathing connection 1 ends in the inside of the mask in a half mask 3. It is designed in the manner of a cassette on the outside in such a way that it ends in a plug-in frame 4 which is open at the top and bottom and into which the desired breathing filter 5 is inserted.
- the seals 6 seal the breathing filter 5 directly from a lateral air passage.
- a dust filter 7 protects against ambient dust when breathing.
- the breathing filter 5 is ventilated directly through its input walls 8.
- the used breathing filter is replaced by inserting a replacement filter 12, which had been securely packaged until then.
- FIG. 2 shows the respiratory filter 5 in a packaging bag 9. It has a cutting edge 10.
- the packaging bag 9 additionally contains a holding collar 11 which fits on the plug-in frame 4.
- the cutting edge 10 simultaneously cuts open the packaging bag 9.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Atemschutzgerät mit Schutzhaube nach dem ersten Teil von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a breathing apparatus with a protective hood according to the first part of
Ein derartiges Atemschutzgerät mit Schutzhaube ist bereits aus der DE-C-650 830 bekannt.Such a breathing apparatus with protective hood is already known from DE-C-650 830.
Atemschutzgeräte mit Schutzhaube nach der Erfindung finden als Rettungsgeräte, z.B. als Fluchtgeräte, Verwendung. Sie müssen dazu im Bedarfsfall sowohl funktionssicher zur Verfügung stehen als auch von Ungeübten aufgesetzt werden können. Weiterhin müssen bei einem längeren Einsatz verbrauchte Atemfilter von den Benutzern ausgetauscht werden können.Respirators with a protective hood according to the invention can be found as rescue devices, e.g. as escape devices, use. If necessary, they must both be available in a functionally reliable manner and be able to be put on by inexperienced users. Furthermore, if the filter is used for a longer period of time, it must be possible for users to replace it.
Aus der DE-A-32 06 484 ist ein Atemschutzgerät mit Schutzhaube bekannt geworden, das als Filtergerät mit einer Halbmaske für Fluchtzwecke gedacht ist. Während der Bereitstellung ist das Filter gegen Umgebungseinflüsse in einem Verpackungsbeutel dicht eingeschlossen und mit ihm zusammen durch eine Schelle dicht in die Halbmaske und die sie umgebende Schutzhaube eingebunden. Die Enden des Verpackungsbeutels sind über Reißlinien abgeteilt und so mit der gefalteten Schutzhaube verbunden, daß bei Inbetriebnahme des Gerätes gleichzeitig mit dem Entfalten der Schutzhaube auch der Verpakkungsbeutel beidseitig geöffnet wird. Ein Austausch des verbrauchten Filters durch Laien ist wegen der schwierigen Schellenbefestigung weder zur Verlängerung der Gebrauchsbereitschaft während der Bereitstellung noch nach Übungen oder während des Einsatzes zur Verlängerung der Gebrauchsdauer möglich.From DE-A-32 06 484 a respirator with a protective hood has become known, which is intended as a filter device with a half mask for escape purposes. During the provision, the filter is sealed against environmental influences in a packaging bag and tightly integrated with it into the half mask and the protective hood surrounding it by means of a clamp. The ends of the packaging bag are divided by tear lines and connected to the folded protective hood so that when the device is started up, the packaging bag is opened on both sides at the same time as the protective hood is unfolded. Due to the difficult clamp attachment, the used filter cannot be replaced by laypersons either to extend the readiness for use during the preparation, after exercises or during use to extend the service life.
Die DE-C-650 830 beschreibt ein Sauerstoffatemschutzgerät, in dem eine eine sauerstoffabgebende, kohlensäurebindende Masse enthaltende Patrone während der Benutzung des Gerätes ausgewechselt werden kann. Die Maske besitzt ein Anschlußstück, in das mittels eines Schraubstutzens ein rohrförmiger Behälter eingeschraubt ist. Dieser ist an beiden Seiten offen und besitzt in seinem Mantel einander gegenüberliegende Öffnungen. Die eine Öffnung stellt durch den Schraubstutzen die Verbindung zum Maskeninnern her, während die andere Öffnung zum Ausatemschlauch und darüber zum Atembeutel führt. Die von der Seite her in den rohrförmigen Behälter einzuschiebende Patrone weist in ihrem Mantel Öffnungen auf, die sich mit den Öffnungen in dem Behälter decken. Wenn die Patrone verbraucht ist, so kann sie während des Gebrauchs des Atemschutzgerätes durch eine neu einzuschiebende Patrone ausgetauscht werden.DE-C-650 830 describes an oxygen respirator in which a cartridge containing an oxygen-emitting, carbon-binding mass can be replaced while the device is in use. The mask has a connector into which a tubular container is screwed by means of a screw connection. This is open on both sides and has openings opposite one another in its jacket. One opening creates the connection to the inside of the mask through the screw connection, while the other opening leads to the exhalation tube and above it to the breathing bag. The cartridge to be inserted from the side into the tubular container has openings in its jacket which coincide with the openings in the container. If the cartridge is used up, it can be replaced by a new cartridge when the respirator is in use.
Es handelt sich hier um ein Sauerstoffatemschutzgerät mit einer sehr grossen und durch die zylindrische Form auch unhandlichen Ausbildung, dessen Austauschgedanke jedoch zweckmäßig übernommen werden sollte.It is an oxygen respirator with a very large and due to the cylindrical shape also bulky training, the exchange idea should, however, be appropriately adopted.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, ein Atemschutzgerät mit Schutzhaube, das auch von Ungeübten im Katastrophenfall leicht aufgesetzt werden kann, so zu verbessern, daß das Atemfilter von diesen einfach eingesetzt bzw. nach dem Verbrauch ausgetauscht werden kann.The object of the invention is to improve a breathing apparatus with a protective hood, which can be easily put on even by inexperienced people in the event of a disaster, in such a way that the breathing filter can be easily used by them or replaced after use.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß der Atemanschluß im Inneren der Haube in Form einer Halbmaske endet und daß das Atemfilter eine Schneidkante besitzt, mit welcher ein das Atemfilter umschließender Verpackungsbeutel dadurch aufzutrennen ist, daß nach dem Aufsetzen eines am Verpackungsbeutel angebrachten Haltekragens auf eine der offenen Seiten des Einsteckrahmens der vom Haltekragen umfaßte Teil des Verpackungsbeutels durch Einschieben des Atemfilters in den Einsteckrahmen durchstoßen wird.This object is achieved in that the breathing connection ends in the form of a half mask in the interior of the hood and in that the breathing filter has a cutting edge with which a packaging bag surrounding the breathing filter can be separated by placing a retaining collar attached to the packaging bag on one of the open ones On the side of the insertion frame, the part of the packaging bag which is enclosed by the holding collar is pierced by inserting the breathing filter into the insertion frame.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß durch das einfache Einschieben des Atemfilters in den Einsteckrahmen ohne Komplikationen auch für Ungeübte vor allem im Katastrophenfall immer ein sicherer Schutz gegeben ist. Bei einem nicht vorherzusehenden längeren Einsatz ist der Austausch des verbrauchten Atemfilters ohne Unterbrechung des Atemschutzes möglich. Mit direkt vorzusehenden Übungsfiltern kann der Ernsteinsatz geübt werden. Es ist gut, wenn der Benutzer schon einmal den leider nicht ganz zu vermeidenden Atemwiderstand merken konnte.The advantages achieved by the invention consist in particular in that, by simply inserting the breathing filter into the plug-in frame without complications, even inexperienced persons, especially in the event of a catastrophe, always have reliable protection. In the event of unpredictable prolonged use, the used respiratory filter can be replaced without interrupting the respiratory protection. The exercise can be practiced with directly provided exercise filters. It is good if the user has noticed the breathing resistance, which unfortunately cannot be completely avoided.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung trägt der Einsteckrahmen an der der Haube abgewandten Seite ein Staubfilter.In one embodiment of the invention, the insertion frame carries a dust filter on the side facing away from the hood.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described below.
Es zeigen
Figur 1 das Atemschutzgerät mit Schutzhaube und Austauschfilter,Figur 2 das gleiche Atemschutzgerät, jedoch das Atemfilter mit einer Schneidkante.
- FIG. 1 the breathing apparatus with protective hood and replacement filter,
- Figure 2 shows the same breathing apparatus, but the breathing filter with a cutting edge.
Das Atemschutzgerät besteht aus einem Atemanschluß 1, dicht eingefügt in eine Schutzhaube 2. Der Atemanschluß 1 endet im Maskeninnern in einer Halbmaske 3. Er ist außen kassettenartig derart ausgebildet, daß er in einem unten und oben offenen Einsteckrahmen 4 endet, in den das gewünschte Atemfilter 5 eingeschoben wird. Die Dichtungen 6 dichten das Atemfilter 5 direkt gegenüber einem seitlichen Luftdurchtritt ab. Ein Staubfilter 7 schützt beim Atmen gegen den Umgebungsstaub. Das Atemfilter 5 wird direkt durch seine Eingangswände 8 beatmet.The respirator consists of a
Der Austausch des verbrauchten Atemfilters erfolgt durch Einschieben eines Ersatzfilters 12, das bis dahin sicher verpackt war.The used breathing filter is replaced by inserting a replacement filter 12, which had been securely packaged until then.
Die Figur 2 zeigt das Atemfilter 5 in einem Verpackungsbeutel 9. Es besitzt eine Schneidkante 10. Der Verpackungsbeutel 9 enthält zusätzlich einen Haltekragen 11, der auf den Einsteckrahmen 4 paßt. Mit dem Einschieben bzw. dem Austauschen des verbrauchten Atemfilters 5 schneidet die Schneidkante 10 gleichzeitig den Verpackungsbeutel 9 auf.FIG. 2 shows the
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843400505 DE3400505A1 (en) | 1984-01-10 | 1984-01-10 | RESPIRATORY DEVICE WITH PROTECTIVE HOOD |
DE3400505 | 1984-01-10 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0148325A2 EP0148325A2 (en) | 1985-07-17 |
EP0148325A3 EP0148325A3 (en) | 1985-10-30 |
EP0148325B1 true EP0148325B1 (en) | 1988-05-11 |
Family
ID=6224540
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84111339A Expired EP0148325B1 (en) | 1984-01-10 | 1984-09-22 | Respiratory apparatus with protective hood |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4771771A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0148325B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS60158874A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3400505A1 (en) |
SU (1) | SU1313333A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3405098A1 (en) * | 1984-02-14 | 1985-08-29 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | CARBON OXYGEN RESPIRATOR |
DE3617593C2 (en) * | 1986-05-24 | 1996-05-09 | Kaeser Noske Gmbh | Device for cleaning contaminated, contaminated and poisoned air |
US5080094A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1992-01-14 | Better Breathing, Inc. | Face mask |
US5226409A (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1993-07-13 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Protective hood with elastomeric neck seal |
JPH0263864U (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1990-05-14 | ||
US5054480A (en) * | 1990-06-14 | 1991-10-08 | Bio Medical Devices, Inc. | Personal air filtration and control system |
US5036844A (en) * | 1990-06-19 | 1991-08-06 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Cover assembly and pre-filter for a respirator |
FI86258C (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-08-10 | Air Ace Oy | FILTERRULLE FOER ANDNINGSSKYDD. |
US5628308A (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1997-05-13 | Harges, Jr.; Cordell F. | Heat and fire resistant respiratory filtration mask |
US5579761A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-12-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Respirator having snap-fit filter cartridge |
US6216693B1 (en) | 1995-01-20 | 2001-04-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Respirator having a compressible press fir filter element |
DE19511405A1 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1996-10-02 | Hofmann Werkstatt Technik | Clamping device for clamping rotating bodies to be balanced, in particular motor vehicle wheels, on a main shaft of a balancing machine |
US5836303A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 1998-11-17 | Thermal Air Products, Inc. | Respirator apparatus |
US6543450B1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2003-04-08 | John T. Flynn | Survival mask |
AU6064000A (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-01-31 | University Of Florida | Ventilator monitor system and method of using same |
US6338340B1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 2002-01-15 | Xcaper Industries Llc | Filter mask |
WO2002013946A2 (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2002-02-21 | Vase Technology | Bi/multi-directional filter cartridge and filter platform for mounting the cartridge thereon |
US7007690B1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2006-03-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Advanced chemical/biological crew mask |
FR2815875B1 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2003-01-10 | Bezenvile | RESPIRATORY PROTECTION MASK |
US6817362B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2004-11-16 | North Safety Products Inc. | Respirator |
US6701925B1 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2004-03-09 | Todd A. Resnick | Protective hood respirator |
US6796304B2 (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2004-09-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Personal containment system with sealed passthrough |
US6948191B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2005-09-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Personal protective suit with partial flow restriction |
US7210477B2 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2007-05-01 | Brookdale International Systems, Inc. | Respirator hood assembly |
US6659102B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2003-12-09 | Anthony L. Sico | Oxygen mask filter system |
US7337776B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2008-03-04 | Aga Ab | Methods for easing pain and anxiety from atrial or ventricular defibrillation |
US7681572B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2010-03-23 | Aga Ab | Method and devices for administration of therapeutic gases |
US7152600B2 (en) | 2003-01-22 | 2006-12-26 | Biokidz Usa Nfp | Biohazard mask suitable for civilians |
US6736137B1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-05-18 | Tmr-A, Llc | Protective hooded respirator with oral-nasal cup breathing interface |
KR100481669B1 (en) * | 2003-04-21 | 2005-04-14 | 강종신 | Knapsack bag with gas mask |
RU2266764C1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2005-12-27 | Блудян Марина Анатольевна | Protective veil |
WO2009041792A2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-02 | Ki Su Park | Mask |
US9393448B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2016-07-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Side plug-in filter cartridge |
US20140041671A1 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Refill filtering face-piece respirator |
DE102012215116A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Msa Auer Gmbh | Breathing hood |
US9510626B2 (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2016-12-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sleeve-fit respirator cartridge |
DE102014001938B4 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2015-10-22 | Moldex-Metric Ag & Co. Kg | Respirator with bayonet closure for a filter module |
DE102014001937C5 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2019-10-10 | Moldex-Metric Ag & Co. Kg | Respirator |
DE202014001315U1 (en) | 2014-02-06 | 2014-02-24 | Moldex-Metric Ag & Co. Kg | Respirator with sliding seat device |
DE202014001314U1 (en) | 2014-02-06 | 2014-02-24 | Moldex-Metric Ag & Co. Kg | Respirator |
DE102014001940B4 (en) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-10-22 | Moldex-Metric Ag & Co. Kg | Respirator with sliding seat device |
US9694217B2 (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2017-07-04 | Famask, Inc. | Positive air pressure facemask and multi-staged filter system therefor |
US20220079269A1 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-17 | United States Government As Represented By The Department Of Veterans Affairs | Face mask with transparent portion |
Family Cites Families (12)
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DE650830C (en) * | 1934-04-27 | 1937-10-04 | Kurt Gerson | Oxygen breathing apparatus |
US2591953A (en) * | 1948-04-16 | 1952-04-08 | Anglo Iranian Oil Co Ltd | Face mask for protection against dust and the like |
US2534720A (en) * | 1949-11-29 | 1950-12-19 | Willson Products Inc | Respirator |
US3152588A (en) * | 1961-11-14 | 1964-10-13 | Frank J Rogowski | Filtered safety face shield and mask |
DE1948171C3 (en) * | 1969-09-24 | 1974-07-11 | Draegerwerk Ag, 2400 Luebeck | HEPA filter inserts for respiratory protection devices |
DE2100661A1 (en) * | 1971-01-08 | 1972-07-20 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | Respirator with plug-in filter |
US4212846A (en) * | 1979-01-19 | 1980-07-15 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Breathing apparatus chemical canister with dust seal |
US4430995A (en) * | 1981-05-29 | 1984-02-14 | Hilton Joseph R | Power assisted air-purifying respirators |
US4501272A (en) * | 1981-10-30 | 1985-02-26 | Shigematsu Works Co., Ltd. | Mask |
DE3206484C2 (en) * | 1982-02-23 | 1984-03-15 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | Breathing apparatus with protective hood |
DE3206483C2 (en) * | 1982-02-23 | 1984-10-18 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | Filter breathing apparatus with a canister |
DE3236028C2 (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1984-07-19 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | Escape filter device with a breathing filter in a half mask |
-
1984
- 1984-01-10 DE DE19843400505 patent/DE3400505A1/en active Granted
- 1984-09-22 EP EP84111339A patent/EP0148325B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-09-22 DE DE8484111339T patent/DE3471009D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-04 SU SU843818865A patent/SU1313333A3/en active
-
1985
- 1985-01-09 JP JP60000988A patent/JPS60158874A/en active Pending
-
1986
- 1986-11-17 US US06/933,277 patent/US4771771A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0148325A3 (en) | 1985-10-30 |
US4771771A (en) | 1988-09-20 |
DE3400505C2 (en) | 1988-04-28 |
DE3471009D1 (en) | 1988-06-16 |
SU1313333A3 (en) | 1987-05-23 |
DE3400505A1 (en) | 1985-07-18 |
JPS60158874A (en) | 1985-08-20 |
EP0148325A2 (en) | 1985-07-17 |
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