EP0154176B1 - Smelt furnace - Google Patents

Smelt furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0154176B1
EP0154176B1 EP85101160A EP85101160A EP0154176B1 EP 0154176 B1 EP0154176 B1 EP 0154176B1 EP 85101160 A EP85101160 A EP 85101160A EP 85101160 A EP85101160 A EP 85101160A EP 0154176 B1 EP0154176 B1 EP 0154176B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
opening
burner
furnace
smelt furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85101160A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0154176A3 (en
EP0154176A2 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Sen. Helbling
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Christian Helbling & Co KG GmbH
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Christian Helbling & Co KG GmbH
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Priority to AT85101160T priority Critical patent/ATE38717T1/en
Publication of EP0154176A2 publication Critical patent/EP0154176A2/en
Publication of EP0154176A3 publication Critical patent/EP0154176A3/en
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Publication of EP0154176B1 publication Critical patent/EP0154176B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/02—Crucible or pot furnaces with tilting or rocking arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0085—Movement of the container or support of the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0087—Rotation about a vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • F27D2099/004—Heating elements or systems using burners directed upon the charge, e.g. vertically

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a melting furnace with a crucible-like, pivotable container with an upper container opening for receiving and removing the melting material and with a heater for melting the melting material.
  • a crucible serving as a container is often positioned vertically within a heating device during the melting process, which can be designed inductively, that is to say on the basis of electric current or on the basis of a burner, on the jacket of the furnace.
  • the heat should reach the melting material evenly from below through the crucible wall. This results in high local heat loads and long melting times, since there is always an obstacle between the heat source and the melting material, which partly radiates and dissipates the heat.
  • Rotating melting furnaces with inductive heating which are arranged at an angle, are also known and require a high energy requirement.
  • the electrical heating integrated in the container is complex.
  • Rotary drum furnaces are also known as melting furnaces, in which the flame of a burner is directed at one end into the interior of the furnace. This also heats the furnace wall, which rotates under the melting material. The flue gases and thus an undesirable amount of heat are discharged unused at the opposite outlet opening. In addition, a very large surface must be heated, which in turn entails increased energy consumption.
  • Such a rotary drum furnace is also not suitable for being used directly as a casting vessel, as is made possible by the melting furnaces described at the outset with a vertical crucible.
  • an inclined swiveling furnace which has an opening which is narrow with respect to the furnace cross section and through which an oxygen lance protrudes into the furnace interior in order to be able to burn out carbon present in a melt.
  • the resulting smoke gases are also drawn off at this opening.
  • This furnace would be unfavorable as a melting furnace simply because the relatively narrow opening would make it difficult to fill in the parts to be melted.
  • this open opening would result in an unfavorable heat loss during melting.
  • a further reduction in the melting time can be achieved by providing an oil and / or gas burner as the burner, which can be operated with air enriched with oxygen or with pure oxygen.
  • a burner allows higher flame temperatures and thus a larger temperature difference during melting.
  • such a burner can be kept smaller in its outer dimensions.
  • unnecessary amounts of gas namely the nitrogen not involved in combustion, are passed through the furnace and dissipate unnecessary heat.
  • the burner and the flame and flue gases generated by it are designed and arranged such that there is an overpressure in the container during operation. This prevents secondary air from entering.
  • the container can be designed as a casting vessel and be detached from its storage and have a hanger with a gear for attacking a crane and a tilting movement.
  • the invention thus allows the advantages of the already known crucible furnaces to be linked, in which, however, electrical or heating must be carried out from the outside, with the advantages of direct heating of the melting material and the inside of the furnace walls by means of a burner.
  • the lid arranged in front of the container opening can be lifted off the opening, in particular by means of a working cylinder, and can be swiveled or laterally displaced. This facilitates access to the melting furnace container, which is advantageous both when filling and when removing the melting material or the entire container for casting the melting material.
  • the burner can be arranged eccentrically in relation to the opening of the inclined container, in particular closer to the lower container edge. It can thus be directed primarily into the area of the melting stock, while the hot gases emanating from it rise in the interior of the inclined container automatically into the upper area.
  • the burner can be adjustable, in particular pivotably, in its angular position relative to the opening of the container and / or in its distance. As a result, the burner can be easily adapted to different filling quantities or filling goods inside the container.
  • a coupling and, coaxially with it, its rotary drive can be arranged in the bottom region of the container.
  • the inclined container can be mounted with its drive in a pivotable frame and can be pivoted with it, in particular up and down, about a horizontal axis.
  • the latter measure in particular allows the inclination of the container to be adapted to different quantities of filling material. If there is relatively little filling material in the container, it will assume a large inclination with respect to a vertical line, so that the melting material still reaches close to the edge and the burner during the rotation of the container. With a larger filling quantity, the container is set correspondingly steeper.
  • the horizontal pivot axis can be arranged outside and below the container approximately in the area below the rotary drive.
  • the opening portion of the container is good ENTRANCE - Lich so that the Purification can be easily accomplished with a correspondingly obliquely upright vessel.
  • the burner can be mounted in the cover by means of a ball joint, so that it can be adjusted in a simple manner.
  • the container can have a polygonal, e.g. B. have octagonal cross-section to improve the mixing of the melt when rotating the container. This is particularly expedient and advantageous if alloys are to be produced in the container.
  • a melting furnace the container of which can be used in a simple manner as a casting vessel, in which rapid and intensive heating with good heat transfer into the melting material is possible without an expensive and Container construction is required to make expensive electrical heating.
  • the heat generated by a burner can be exploited well since it can only leave the container when it has applied to the melt and the container walls.
  • the rotation of the container also improves the homogeneity of the melting material.
  • the exhaust gases can easily be collected and passed through heat exchangers to utilize their residual heat.
  • a melting furnace designated as a whole has a crucible-like swiveling container 2 with an upper container opening 3 for receiving and removing the melting material 4. Furthermore, a heater for melting the melting material to be described is provided.
  • the container 2 is arranged obliquely with its central axis. It is driven in rotation about this inclined axis with the aid of a motor 5 (FIG. 1) or a drive roller 6 (FIG. 3) acting on its outside.
  • An oil and / or gas burner is expediently provided as the burner 7, which is operated with air enriched with oxygen or with pure oxygen. This results in better combustion and heat utilization without unnecessary nitrogen being heated up and removed again in the flue gas with a corresponding amount of heat.
  • a lid 9 Before the opening of the container 2, a lid 9 can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, which is arranged at a distance from the container opening 3 and has or forms a circumferential channel 10 between it and the container opening 3 for collecting and discharging the flue gases.
  • This circumferential channel 10 merges into a pipeline 11 according to FIG. 1, with which the flue gases can be led to a heat exchanger and / or a dust cutter.
  • Fig. 1 it can be seen that the container 2 is simultaneously designed as a casting vessel and can be removed from its storage. He has a hanger 12 with gear 13 for attacking a crane and for performing a tilting movement when hanging on the crane.
  • the large handwheel 14 can be seen, with which the container 2 can be tilted or swiveled for casting when hanging on a crane.
  • the lid 9 arranged in front of the container opening 3 can be hydraulically or pneumatically lifted and swiveled from the opening 3, in particular by means of a working cylinder 15. This creates enough space to load or empty the container 2 or to remove it altogether.
  • a working cylinder 15 This creates enough space to load or empty the container 2 or to remove it altogether.
  • the cover can then also be pivoted about this guide rod or axis 16 in the displaced position.
  • Fig. 2 it is shown that the burner 7 opposite the opening 3 of the inclined container ters 2 is arranged eccentrically closer to the lower container edge. This results in the dashed-line direct exposure of the melting material 4 to the burner flame, which leads to a short melting time.
  • the flue gases rising from the surface of the melting material 4 and the heat radiation emanating therefrom simultaneously heat the area of the container walls located above the melt 4, which repeatedly reach the area of the melt due to the rotation of the container.
  • the burner 7 in its angular position relative to the opening 3 of the container 2 and possibly also in its distance from it can be adjusted, in particular pivoted.
  • the burner 7 can be mounted in the cover 9 by means of a ball joint.
  • This enables adaptation to different melt material and different amounts of melt material 4 inside the container 2, as well as different inclined positions of the container 2.
  • the inclined container 2 can namely be pivoted with its drive 5 or 6 in a pivotable frame 18 together with it about a horizontal axis 19. Swiveling up or down is possible with the aid of a working cylinder 20.
  • the inclination of the container 2 can thus be varied in a simple manner depending on the amount of the filling material.
  • the container 2 If, for example, there is little filling material 4 in the container 2, it can be set even flatter, while a steeper arrangement can be selected for a larger quantity of melting material. In any case, this can ensure that the surface of the melting material comes as close as possible to the lower edge of the container, so that a large surface is exposed to the heat of the burner. In addition, the removal of slag from the container can be simplified.
  • the horizontal pivot axis 19 is located outside and also below the container 2 approximately in the area below the drive motor 5. Thus, the latter and its connecting lines are moved relatively little during a pivoting movement. In addition, a good adaptation of the pivoting movement to the flue gas discharge line 11 can thus be carried out. However, other arrangements of the pivot axis 19 are also possible.
  • a coupling 21 and coaxially to the rotary drive motor 5 are arranged in the bottom region of the container 2.
  • Fig. 3 an arrangement is provided in which the container 2 rests with its bottom region on an axial bearing 22, while its rotational movement is generated by a driven roller 6 on its circumference.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 1 also provides a circumferential roller 23 in this case, however, only as a support.
  • a polygonal, z. B. can have octagonal cross-section at least in its interior. The inner corners formed in this way promote the mixing of the melt during the rotation provided during the melting process.
  • the overall result is a compact design of a melting furnace, which can also be used economically for smaller quantities of melting material and which allows high heat utilization with a short melting time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Abstract

1. A smelt furnace (1) including a crucible-like, swivel-mounted vessel (2) with an upper opening (3) for receiving and removing the melting charge (4) and further including a heating for melting the melting charge (4), said vessel (2) being disposed at a slant with its central axis and being rotatable about said slanting axis, in front of the opening (3) of the vessel (2) provision being made for a fixed cover (9) or a plate having between itself and the opening (3) a circumferential channel (10) for collecting and conducting away the flue gases and in the form of a heating there being a burner (7) directed through the cover (9) or the plate into the opening (3).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schmelzofen mit einem tiegelartigen, schwenkbaren Behälter mit einer oberen Behälteröffnung zur Aufnahme und Entnahme des Schmelzgutes und mit einer Heizung zum Schmelzen des Schmelzgutes.The invention relates to a melting furnace with a crucible-like, pivotable container with an upper container opening for receiving and removing the melting material and with a heater for melting the melting material.

Es sind Schmelzöfen der eingangs erwähnten Art in unterschiedlicher Form bekannt. Dabei steht häufig ein als Behälter dienender Tiegel während des Schmelzvorganges senkrecht innerhalb einer Heizvorrichtung, die induktiv, also auf der Basis von elektrischem Strom oder auf der Basis eines Brenners am Mantel des Ofens ausgebildet sein kann. Dadurch soll die Wärme möglichst von unten her durch die Tiegelwand gleichmäßig zu dem Schmelzgut gelangen. Dabei ergeben sich hohe örtliche Wärmebelastungen und lange Schmelzzeiten, da sich zwischen der Wärmequelle und dem Schmelzgut ständig ein Hindernis befindet, welches die Wärme zum Teil abstrahlt und ableitet.There are known melting furnaces of the type mentioned in different forms. A crucible serving as a container is often positioned vertically within a heating device during the melting process, which can be designed inductively, that is to say on the basis of electric current or on the basis of a burner, on the jacket of the furnace. As a result, the heat should reach the melting material evenly from below through the crucible wall. This results in high local heat loads and long melting times, since there is always an obstacle between the heat source and the melting material, which partly radiates and dissipates the heat.

Es sind auch schon schräg angeordnete drehbare Schmelzöfen mit induktiver Heizung bekannt, die einen hohen Energiebedarf erfordern. Darüber hinaus ist die in den Behälter integrierte elektrische Heizung aufwendig.Rotating melting furnaces with inductive heating, which are arranged at an angle, are also known and require a high energy requirement. In addition, the electrical heating integrated in the container is complex.

Es sind auch Drehtrommelöfen als Schmelzöfen bekannt, bei denen die Flamme eines Brenners an einem Ende in das Ofeninnere gerichtet ist. Dadurch wird unter anderem auch die Ofenwand erhitzt, die sich unter dem Schmelzgut hindurchdreht. An der gegenüberliegenden Auslaßöffnung werden die Rauchgase und damit unerwünscht viel Wärme ungenützt abgelassen. Darüber hinaus muß eine sehr große Oberfläche erhitzt werden, was wiederum einen erhöhten Energieverbrauch mit sich bringt. Auch eignet sich ein solcher Drehtrommelofen nicht dazu, unmittelbar als Gießgefäß verwendet zu werden, wie es die eingangs beschriebenen Schmelzöfen mit einem senkrecht stehenden Tiegel ermöglichen.Rotary drum furnaces are also known as melting furnaces, in which the flame of a burner is directed at one end into the interior of the furnace. This also heats the furnace wall, which rotates under the melting material. The flue gases and thus an undesirable amount of heat are discharged unused at the opposite outlet opening. In addition, a very large surface must be heated, which in turn entails increased energy consumption. Such a rotary drum furnace is also not suitable for being used directly as a casting vessel, as is made possible by the melting furnaces described at the outset with a vertical crucible.

Aus der FR-A-1304611 ist ein schrägstehender schwenkbarer Ofen bekannt, der eine gegenüber dem Ofenquerschnitt enge Öffnung hat, durch welche eine Sauerstofflanze in das Ofeninnere ragt, um innerhalb einer Schmelze befindlichen Kohlenstoff ausbrennen zu können. Die dabei entstehenden Rauchgase werden ebenfalls an dieser Öffnung abgezogen. Als Schmelzofen wäre dieser Ofen schon deshalb ungünstig, weil das Einfüllen der zu schmelzenden Teile durch die relativ enge Öffnung schwierig wäre. Außerdem ergäbe sich durch diese offene Öffnung beim Schmelzen ein ungünstiger Wärmeverlust.From FR-A-1304611 an inclined swiveling furnace is known which has an opening which is narrow with respect to the furnace cross section and through which an oxygen lance protrudes into the furnace interior in order to be able to burn out carbon present in a melt. The resulting smoke gases are also drawn off at this opening. This furnace would be unfavorable as a melting furnace simply because the relatively narrow opening would make it difficult to fill in the parts to be melted. In addition, this open opening would result in an unfavorable heat loss during melting.

Es besteht deshalb die Aufgabe, einen Schmelzofen der eingangs erwähnten Art zu schaffen, bei welchem das Schmelzgut schnell und energiesparend erhitzt werden kann. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.It is therefore the task of creating a melting furnace of the type mentioned at the outset in which the melting material can be heated quickly and in an energy-saving manner. This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Eine Anordnung gemäß diesen Merkmalen erlaubt die unmittelbare Beaufschlagung des Schmelzgutes mit der grössten Hitze. Die Rauchgase gehen nicht wieder aus dem Ofen heraus, bevor das Schmelzgut bzw. die Ofenwände nicht damit beaufschlagt sind. Somit lassen sich Vorteile eines Tiegelofens mit denen eines Drehtrommelofens insoweit kombinieren, als eine günstige Heizungsform und dabei gleichzeitig eine bessere Wärmeausnutzung erzielt werden. Die nach oben abstreichenden Rauchgase sowie die Wärmestrahlung erhitzen dabei sowohl die Schmelze selbst als auch die nach oben gegenüberliegenden Wandungsteile des Ofens, so daß durch die Drehung diese erhitzten Ofenwände wiederum in den Bereich der Schmelze gelangen, deren Wärme von dieser aufgenommen wird. Da ein kleinerer Ofenraum möglich ist als bei einem Drehtrommelofen, ergibt sich auch eine kleinere Futteroberfläche, eine bessere Wärmeübertragung und eine kürzere Entfernung zur Ofenwand. Dies trägt zu einer Verkürzung der Schmelzzeit bei und verringert eventuelle Abbrände des Schmelzgutes. Der Deckel verhindert dabei unerwünschte Wärmeverluste, ermöglicht aber gleichzeitig, die Beschickungsöffnung groß zu machen und die abzuleitenden Rauchgase aufzufangen und abzuführen.An arrangement according to these features allows the melting material to be directly exposed to the greatest heat. The flue gases do not come out of the furnace again until the melting material or the furnace walls have been exposed to it. Advantages of a crucible furnace can be combined with those of a rotary drum furnace insofar as a cheap form of heating and at the same time better heat utilization can be achieved. The flue gases wiping upwards and the heat radiation heat both the melt itself and the upwardly opposite wall parts of the furnace, so that rotation of these heated furnace walls in turn reaches the region of the melt, the heat of which is absorbed by the latter. Since a smaller furnace space is possible than with a rotary drum furnace, there is also a smaller feed surface, better heat transfer and a shorter distance to the furnace wall. This contributes to a shortening of the melting time and less burning of the melting material. The lid prevents unwanted heat losses, but at the same time enables the loading opening to be made large and the flue gases to be discharged to be collected and removed.

Zwar kennt man gemäß der FR-A-2377595 bei feststehenden, vertikal angeordneten Tiegeln auch schon an deren Oberfläche die Anordnung von Dekkeln, die dann aber fest auf dem Tiegel aufliegen, da es keine Relativdrehung zwischen Tiegel und Deckel gibt. Diese Deckel benötigen in ihrem Inneren entsprechende Rauchgasabführungen.According to FR-A-2377595, the arrangement of covers on fixed, vertically arranged crucibles is already known on their surface, but these then rest firmly on the crucible, since there is no relative rotation between the crucible and the lid. These lids require corresponding flue gas outlets inside.

Eine weitere Verkürzung der Schmelzzeit kann dadurch erzielt werden, daß als Brenner ein Öl- und/ oder Gasbrenner vorgesehen ist, der mit mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft oder mit reinem Sauerstoff betreibbar ist. Ein solcher Brenner erlaubt höhere Flammentemperaturen und somit während des Schmelzens eine größere Temperaturdifferenz. Gleichzeitig kann ein solcher Brenner in seinen Außenabmessungen geringer gehalten werden. Darüber hinaus wird vermieden, daß unnötige Gasmengen, nämlich der nicht an Verbrennung beteiligte Stickstoff, durch den Ofen geführt werden und unnötige Wärme abführen.A further reduction in the melting time can be achieved by providing an oil and / or gas burner as the burner, which can be operated with air enriched with oxygen or with pure oxygen. Such a burner allows higher flame temperatures and thus a larger temperature difference during melting. At the same time, such a burner can be kept smaller in its outer dimensions. In addition, it is avoided that unnecessary amounts of gas, namely the nitrogen not involved in combustion, are passed through the furnace and dissipate unnecessary heat.

Um ein Ansaugen kühler Umgebungsluft in das Behälterinnere durch den Zug der Brennerflamme zu vermeiden, ist es zweckmäßig, wenn der Brenner und die von ihm erzeugten Flamm- und Rauchgase so ausgelegt und angeordnet sind, daß bei Betrieb in dem Behälter ein Überdruck ist. Dadurch wird der Zutritt von Sekundär-Luft vermieden.In order to prevent cool ambient air from being drawn into the interior of the container by the draft of the burner flame, it is expedient if the burner and the flame and flue gases generated by it are designed and arranged such that there is an overpressure in the container during operation. This prevents secondary air from entering.

In vorteilhafter Weise kann der Behälter als Gießgefäß ausgebildet und aus seiner Lagerung aushängbar sein und ein Gehänge mit Getriebe für den Angriff eines Kranes und eine Kippbewegung aufweisen. Die Erfindung erlaubt also die Verknüpfung der Vorteile der schon bekannten Tiegelöfen, bei denen aber eine elektrische oder eine Heizung von außen erfolgen muß, mit den Vorzügen einer unmittelbaren Beheizung des Schmelzgutes und der Innenseiten der Ofenwände mittels eines Brenners.Advantageously, the container can be designed as a casting vessel and be detached from its storage and have a hanger with a gear for attacking a crane and a tilting movement. The invention thus allows the advantages of the already known crucible furnaces to be linked, in which, however, electrical or heating must be carried out from the outside, with the advantages of direct heating of the melting material and the inside of the furnace walls by means of a burner.

Der vor der Behälteröffnung angeordnete Deckel kann von der Öffnung insbesondere mittels eines Arbeitszylinders abhebbar und abschwenkbar oder seitlich verschiebbar sein. Dadurch wird der Zutritt zu dem Behälter des Schmelzofens erleichtert, was sowohl beim Füllen als auch beim Entnehmen des Schmelzgutes oder des gesamten Behälters zum Vergießen des Schmelzgutes vorteilhaft ist.The lid arranged in front of the container opening can be lifted off the opening, in particular by means of a working cylinder, and can be swiveled or laterally displaced. This facilitates access to the melting furnace container, which is advantageous both when filling and when removing the melting material or the entire container for casting the melting material.

Der Brenner kann gegenüber der Öffnung des schrägen Behälters exzentrisch insbesondere näher zu dem tieferliegenden Behälterrand angeordnet sein. Er läßt sich somit vor allem in den Bereich des Schmelzgutes richten, während die von ihm ausgehenden Heißgase im Inneren des schrägen Behälters von selbst auch in den oberen Bereich aufsteigen. Dabei kann der Brenner in seiner Winkelstellung relativ zu der Öffnung des Behälters und/oder in seinem Abstand verstellbar, insbesondere verschwenkbar aufgehängt sein. Dadurch läßt sich der Brenner an unterschiedliche Füllmengen oder Füllgüter im Inneren des Behälters einfach anpassen.The burner can be arranged eccentrically in relation to the opening of the inclined container, in particular closer to the lower container edge. It can thus be directed primarily into the area of the melting stock, while the hot gases emanating from it rise in the interior of the inclined container automatically into the upper area. The burner can be adjustable, in particular pivotably, in its angular position relative to the opening of the container and / or in its distance. As a result, the burner can be easily adapted to different filling quantities or filling goods inside the container.

Im Bodenbereich des Behälters können eine Kupplung und koaxial dazu sein Drehantrieb angeordnet sein. Dabei kann der schrägstehende Behälter mit seinem Antrieb in einem schwenkbaren Gestell gelagert und mit diesem um eine horizontale Achse schwenkbar, insbesondere auf- und abschwenkbar sein. Vor allem die letztere Maßnahme erlaubt eine Anpassung der Schräge des Behälters an unterschiedliche Füllgutmengen. Ist relativ wenig Füllgut im Behälter, wird er eine große Schrägstellung gegenüber einer vertikalen Linie einnehmen, damit das Schmelzgut dennoch während der Drehung des Behälters bis nahe zu dem Rand und dem Brenner reicht. Bei einer größeren Füllmenge wird der Behälter entsprechend steiler eingestellt.A coupling and, coaxially with it, its rotary drive can be arranged in the bottom region of the container. The inclined container can be mounted with its drive in a pivotable frame and can be pivoted with it, in particular up and down, about a horizontal axis. The latter measure in particular allows the inclination of the container to be adapted to different quantities of filling material. If there is relatively little filling material in the container, it will assume a large inclination with respect to a vertical line, so that the melting material still reaches close to the edge and the burner during the rotation of the container. With a larger filling quantity, the container is set correspondingly steeper.

Die horizontale Schwenkachse kann dabei außerhalb und unterhalb des Behälters etwa im Bereich unterhalb des Drehantriebes angeordnet sein. Somit ist der Öffnungsbereich des Behälters gut zugäng- lich, so daß auch das Entschlacken bei entsprechend schrägstehendem Behälter einfach bewerkstelligt werden kann.The horizontal pivot axis can be arranged outside and below the container approximately in the area below the rotary drive. Thus, the opening portion of the container is good ENTRANCE - Lich so that the Purification can be easily accomplished with a correspondingly obliquely upright vessel.

Es sei noch erwähnt, daß der Brenner mittels eines Kugelgelenkes im Deckel gelagert sein kann, so daß seine Einstellbarkeit auf einfache Weise möglich ist. Ferner kann der Behälter einen mehreckigen, z. B. achteckigen Querschnitt zur Verbesserung der Durchmischung der Schmelze bei der Drehung des Behälters haben. Dies ist vor allem dann zweckmäßig und vorteilhaft, wenn in dem Behälter Legierungen hergestellt werden sollen.It should also be mentioned that the burner can be mounted in the cover by means of a ball joint, so that it can be adjusted in a simple manner. Furthermore, the container can have a polygonal, e.g. B. have octagonal cross-section to improve the mixing of the melt when rotating the container. This is particularly expedient and advantageous if alloys are to be produced in the container.

Vor allem bei Kombination einzelner oder mehrerer der vorbeschriebenen Merkmale und Maßnahmen ergibt sich ein Schmelzofen, dessen Behälter auf einfache Weise als Gießgefäß eingesetzt werden kann, bei dem eine schnelle und intensive Erwärmung mit gutem Wärmeübergang in das Schmelzgut möglich ist, ohne daß eine teure und die Behälterkonstruktion aufwendig machende elektrische Heizung benötigt wird. Gleichzeitig läßt sich die von einem Brenner erzeugte Wärme gut ausnutzen, da sie den Behälter erst verlassen kann, wenn sie die Schmelze und die Behälterwände beaufschlagt hat. Die Drehung des Behälters bewirkt dabei gleichzeitig eine Verbesserung der Homogenität des Schmelzgutes.Especially when combining one or more of the features and measures described above, there is a melting furnace, the container of which can be used in a simple manner as a casting vessel, in which rapid and intensive heating with good heat transfer into the melting material is possible without an expensive and Container construction is required to make expensive electrical heating. At the same time, the heat generated by a burner can be exploited well since it can only leave the container when it has applied to the melt and the container walls. The rotation of the container also improves the homogeneity of the melting material.

Die Abgase können auf einfache Weise aufgefangen und durch Wärmetauscher geleitet werden, um ihre Restwärme auszunutzen.The exhaust gases can easily be collected and passed through heat exchangers to utilize their residual heat.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung mit ihren ihr als wesentlich zugehörenden Einzelheiten anhand der Zeichnung noch näher beschrieben. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Schmelzofens mit Drehantrieb und schwenkbarem Lagerungstgestell.
  • Fig. 2 in schematisierter Darstellung einen Längsschnitt durch einen Behälter des Schmelzofens mit Deckel und Brenner sowie
  • Fig. 3 wiederum in schematisierter Darstellung eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schmelzofens mit abgewandeltem Drehantrieb seines Behälters.
The invention is described in more detail below with its details that are essential to it, using the drawing. It shows
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a melting furnace according to the invention with a rotary drive and pivoting storage rack.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a longitudinal section through a container of the melting furnace with lid and burner and
  • Fig. 3 again in a schematic representation of a modified embodiment of a melting furnace according to the invention with a modified rotary drive of its container.

Ein im ganzen mit 1 bezeichneter Schmelzofen hat einen tiegelartigen schwenkbaren Behälter 2 mit einer oberen Behälteröffnung 3 zur Aufnahme und Entnahme des Schmelzgutes 4. Ferner ist eine noch zu beschreibende Heizung zum Schmelzen des Schmelzgutes vorgesehen.A melting furnace designated as a whole has a crucible-like swiveling container 2 with an upper container opening 3 for receiving and removing the melting material 4. Furthermore, a heater for melting the melting material to be described is provided.

Man erkennt in den Figuren deutlich, daß der Behälter 2 mit seiner Mittelachse schräg angeordnet ist. Er ist um diese schräge Achse mit Hilfe eines Motors 5 (Fig. 1) oder einer an seiner Außenseite angreifenden Antriebsrolle 6 (Fig. 3) drehangetrieben. Als Heizung dient ein Brenner 7, der in die Behälteröffnung 3 gerichtet ist, so daß die Rauchgase zumindest im oberen Randbereich 8 der Behälteröffnung 3 entweichen können. Als Brenner 7 ist dabei zweckmäßigerweise ein Öl- und/oder Gasbrenner vorgesehen, der mit mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft oder mit reinem Sauerstoff betrieben ist. Somit ergibt sich eine bessere Verbrennung und Wärmeausnutzung, ohne daß unnötiger Stickstoff aufgeheizt und im Rauchgas mit einer entsprechenden Wärmemenge wieder abgeführt wird.It can be clearly seen in the figures that the container 2 is arranged obliquely with its central axis. It is driven in rotation about this inclined axis with the aid of a motor 5 (FIG. 1) or a drive roller 6 (FIG. 3) acting on its outside. A burner 7, which is directed into the container opening 3, serves as heating so that the flue gases can escape at least in the upper edge region 8 of the container opening 3. An oil and / or gas burner is expediently provided as the burner 7, which is operated with air enriched with oxygen or with pure oxygen. This results in better combustion and heat utilization without unnecessary nitrogen being heated up and removed again in the flue gas with a corresponding amount of heat.

Vor der Öffnung des Behälters 2 erkennt man in den Fig. 1 und 2 einen Deckel 9, der mit etwas Abstand zu der Behälteröffnung 3 angeordnet ist und zwischen sich und der Behälteröffnung 3 einen umlaufenden Kanal 10 zum Auffangen und Ableiten der Rauchgase hat oder bildet. Dieser umlaufende Kanal 10 geht gemäß Fig. 1 in eine Rohrleitung 11 über, mit der die Rauchgase zu einem Wärmetauscher und/oder einem Staubabschneider geführt werden können.Before the opening of the container 2, a lid 9 can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, which is arranged at a distance from the container opening 3 and has or forms a circumferential channel 10 between it and the container opening 3 for collecting and discharging the flue gases. This circumferential channel 10 merges into a pipeline 11 according to FIG. 1, with which the flue gases can be led to a heat exchanger and / or a dust cutter.

In Fig. 1 erkennt man, daß der Behälter 2 gleichzeitig als Gießgefäß ausgebildet ist und aus seiner Lagerung aushängbar ist. Er hat dabei ein Gehänge 12 mit Getriebe 13 für den Angriff eines Kranes und zur Durchführung einer Kippbewegung, wenn er an dem Kran hängt. Man erkennt das große Handrad 14, mit dem der Behälter 2 beim Hängen an einem Kran zum Gießen gekippt oder geschwenkt werden kann.In Fig. 1 it can be seen that the container 2 is simultaneously designed as a casting vessel and can be removed from its storage. He has a hanger 12 with gear 13 for attacking a crane and for performing a tilting movement when hanging on the crane. The large handwheel 14 can be seen, with which the container 2 can be tilted or swiveled for casting when hanging on a crane.

Der vor der Behälteröffnung 3 angeordnete Dekkel 9 kann von der Öffnung 3 insbesondere mittels eines Arbeitszylinders 15 hydraulisch oder pneumatisch abhebbar und abschwenkbar sein. Dadurch entsteht genügend Platz, um den Behälter 2 beschicken oder entleeren oder insgesamt entnehmen zu können. Man erkennt die Führungsstange 16, auf der der Deckel 9 mit einer Halterung 17 mit Hilfe des Arbeitszylinders 15 verschoben werden kann. Um diese Führungsstange oder -achse 16 läßt sich in verschobener Position dann der Deckel auch verschwenken.The lid 9 arranged in front of the container opening 3 can be hydraulically or pneumatically lifted and swiveled from the opening 3, in particular by means of a working cylinder 15. This creates enough space to load or empty the container 2 or to remove it altogether. One can see the guide rod 16 on which the cover 9 can be moved with a holder 17 with the aid of the working cylinder 15. The cover can then also be pivoted about this guide rod or axis 16 in the displaced position.

Vor allem in Fig. 2 ist dargestellt, daß der Brenner 7 gegenüber der Öffnung 3 des schrägen Behälters 2 exzentrisch näher zu dem tieferliegenden Behälterrand angeordnet ist. Es ergibt sich so die gestrichelt angedeutete unmittelbare Beaufschlagung des Schmelzgutes 4 mit der Brennerflamme, was zu einer kurzen Schmelzzeit führt. Die von der Oberfläche des Schmelzgutes 4 aufsteigenden Rauchgase sowie die davon ausgehende Wärmestrahlung erhitzt gleichzeitig den oberhalb der Schmelze 4 befindlichen Bereich der Behälterwände, die durch die Drehung des Behälters immer wieder in den Bereich der Schmelze gelangen. Die Kombination eines schräg stehenden drehbaren Behälters mit der speziellen Anordnung des Brenners, der keine unnötigen Gase wie Stickstoff mit sich führt, ergibt insgesamt eine sehr wirtschaftliche und schnelle Arbeitsweise beim Schmelzen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schmelzofen 1.Especially in Fig. 2 it is shown that the burner 7 opposite the opening 3 of the inclined container ters 2 is arranged eccentrically closer to the lower container edge. This results in the dashed-line direct exposure of the melting material 4 to the burner flame, which leads to a short melting time. The flue gases rising from the surface of the melting material 4 and the heat radiation emanating therefrom simultaneously heat the area of the container walls located above the melt 4, which repeatedly reach the area of the melt due to the rotation of the container. The combination of an inclined, rotatable container with the special arrangement of the burner, which does not carry unnecessary gases such as nitrogen with it, results overall in a very economical and fast operation when melting with the melting furnace 1 according to the invention.

Dabei kann der Brenner 7 in seiner Winkelstellung relativ zu der Öffnung 3 des Behälters 2 und gegebenenfalls auch in seinem Abstand dazu verstellbar, insbesondere verschwenkbar aufgehängt sein. Z.B. kann der Brenner 7 mittels eines Kugelgelenkes im Deckel 9 gelagert sein. Dadurch ist eine Anpassung an unterschiedliches Schmelzgut und unterschiedliche Mengen von Schmelzgut 4 im Inneren des Behälters 2 sowie auch unterschiedliche Schrägstellungen des Behälters 2 möglich. Der schräg stehende Behälter 2 kann nämlich mit seinem Antrieb 5 oder 6 in einem schwenkbaren Gestell 18 mit diesem zusammen um eine horizontale Achse 19 verschwenkt werden. Dabei ist ein Auf-oder Abschwenken mit Hilfe eines Arbeitszylinders 20 möglich. Somit kann die Schrägstellung des Behälters 2 auf einfache Weise je nach Menge des Füllgutes variiert werden. Befindet sich beispielsweise wenig Füllgut 4 in dem Behälter 2, kann er noch flacher eingestellt werden, während bei einer größeren Menge von Schmelzgut eine steilere Anordnung gewählt werden kann. In jedem Falle kann dadurch dafür gesorgt werden, daß die Oberfläche des Schmelzgutes dem unteren Rand des Behälters möglichst nahe kommt, so daß eine große Oberfläche der Hitze des Brenners ausgesetzt ist. Darüber hinaus kann so das Entfernen von Schlacke aus dem Behälter vereinfacht werden.The burner 7 in its angular position relative to the opening 3 of the container 2 and possibly also in its distance from it can be adjusted, in particular pivoted. E.g. the burner 7 can be mounted in the cover 9 by means of a ball joint. This enables adaptation to different melt material and different amounts of melt material 4 inside the container 2, as well as different inclined positions of the container 2. The inclined container 2 can namely be pivoted with its drive 5 or 6 in a pivotable frame 18 together with it about a horizontal axis 19. Swiveling up or down is possible with the aid of a working cylinder 20. The inclination of the container 2 can thus be varied in a simple manner depending on the amount of the filling material. If, for example, there is little filling material 4 in the container 2, it can be set even flatter, while a steeper arrangement can be selected for a larger quantity of melting material. In any case, this can ensure that the surface of the melting material comes as close as possible to the lower edge of the container, so that a large surface is exposed to the heat of the burner. In addition, the removal of slag from the container can be simplified.

Die horizontale Schwenkachse 19 befindet sich dabei außerhalb und auch unterhalb des Behälters 2 etwa im Bereich unterhalb des Antriebsmotors 5. Somit wird dieser und seine Anschlußleitungen bei einer Schwenkbewegung relativ wenig bewegt. Darüber hinaus läßt sich so eine gute Anpassung der Schwenkbewegung an die Rauchgasableitung 11 durchführen. Es sind jedoch auch andere Anordnungen der Schwenkachse 19 möglich.The horizontal pivot axis 19 is located outside and also below the container 2 approximately in the area below the drive motor 5. Thus, the latter and its connecting lines are moved relatively little during a pivoting movement. In addition, a good adaptation of the pivoting movement to the flue gas discharge line 11 can thus be carried out. However, other arrangements of the pivot axis 19 are also possible.

In Fig. 1 ist dabei vorgesehen, daß im Bodenbereich des Behälters 2 eine Kupplung 21 und koaxial dazu der Drehantriebsmotor 5 angeordnet sind. In Fig. 3 ist eine Anordnung vorgesehen, bei der der Behälter 2 mit seinem Bodenbereich auf einem Axiallager 22 ruht, während seine Drehbewegung durch eine angetriebene Rolle 6 an seinem Umfang erzeugt wird. Die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 sieht ebenfalls eine Umfangsrolle 23 in diesem Falle aber nur als Abstützung vor.In Fig. 1 it is provided that a coupling 21 and coaxially to the rotary drive motor 5 are arranged in the bottom region of the container 2. In Fig. 3 an arrangement is provided in which the container 2 rests with its bottom region on an axial bearing 22, while its rotational movement is generated by a driven roller 6 on its circumference. The embodiment according to FIG. 1 also provides a circumferential roller 23 in this case, however, only as a support.

Es sei noch erwähnt, daß für eine Verbesserung der Durchmischung der Schmelze 4 und somit wiederum eine Beschleunigung des Schmelzvorganges der Behälter 2 einen mehreckigen, z. B. achteckigen Querschnitt mindestens in seinem Innenraum haben kann. Die so gebildeten Innenecken fördern die Durchmischung der Schmelze bei der während des Schmelzvorganges vorgesehenen Drehung.It should also be mentioned that for an improvement in the mixing of the melt 4 and thus in turn an acceleration of the melting process of the container 2 a polygonal, z. B. can have octagonal cross-section at least in its interior. The inner corners formed in this way promote the mixing of the melt during the rotation provided during the melting process.

Insgesamt ergibt sich eine kompakte Konstruktion eines Schmelzofens, der auch für kleinere Mengen von Schmelzgut wirtschaftlich eingesetzt werden kann und eine hohe Wärmeausnutzung bei gleichzeitig kurzer Schmelzzeit erlaubt.The overall result is a compact design of a melting furnace, which can also be used economically for smaller quantities of melting material and which allows high heat utilization with a short melting time.

Claims (13)

1. A smelt furnace (1) including a crucible-like, swivel-mounted vessel (2) with an upper opening (3) for receiving and removing the melting charge (4) and further including a heating for melting the melting charge (4), said vessel (2) being disposed at a slant with its central axis and being rotatable about said slanting axis, in front of the opening (3) of the vessel (2) provision being made for a fixed cover (9) or a plate having between itself and the opening (3) a circumferential channel (10) for collecting and conducting away the flue gases and in the form of a heating there being a burner (7) directed through the cover (9) or the plate into the opening (3).
2. The smelt furnace as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an oil and/or gas burner is provided as the burner (7) and is operated using oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen.
3. The smelt furnace as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the burner (7) and the flame gases and flue gases it produces are planned and disposed in such a way that excess pressure can be generated in the vessel (2) during operation.
4. The smelt furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the vessel (2) takes the form of a pouring receptacle, is removable from its bearing and has a hanger attachment (12) with gearing (13) for engagement of a crane and for a tilting motion.
5. The smelt furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cover (9) disposed in front of the vessel opening (3) is adapted to be lifted an swung away from or slid to the side of the opening, in particular by means of a working cylinder (15).
6. The smelt furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the burner (7) is disposed with respect to the opening (3) of the slanting vessel (2) so as to be eccentric, in particular closer to the lower vessel edge.
7. The smelt furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the burner (7) is adjustable in its angularity relative to the opening (3) of the vessel (2) and/or in its spaced relationship thereto, in particular is suspended so as to be capable of swivelling.
8. The smelt furnace as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the base area of the vessel there are disposed a coupling and coaxially thereto the rotary drive of the vessel.
9. The smelt furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the slanted vessel (2) is mounted with its drive (5, 6) in a swivel-mounted frame and is adapted to be swivelled together with the latter, in particular is adapted to be swivelled up and down, about a horizontal axis.
10. The smelt furnace as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the horizontal swivel axis (19) is disposed outside and underneath the vessel (2), for example in the area underneath the rotary drive (5).
11. The smelt furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the burner (7) is mounted by means of a ball-and-socket joint in the cover (9).
12. The smelt furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the vessel is of polygonal cross section, preferably octagonal cross section.
13. The smelt furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the cover (9) has a support (17) mounted so as to be slidable and rotatable on a guide rod (16).
EP85101160A 1984-02-09 1985-02-05 Smelt furnace Expired EP0154176B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85101160T ATE38717T1 (en) 1984-02-09 1985-02-05 FURNACE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3404548 1984-02-09
DE3404548A DE3404548C1 (en) 1984-02-09 1984-02-09 Melting furnace

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0154176A2 EP0154176A2 (en) 1985-09-11
EP0154176A3 EP0154176A3 (en) 1986-05-14
EP0154176B1 true EP0154176B1 (en) 1988-11-17

Family

ID=6227206

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85101160A Expired EP0154176B1 (en) 1984-02-09 1985-02-05 Smelt furnace

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EP (1) EP0154176B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE38717T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3404548C1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109945651A (en) * 2019-05-06 2019-06-28 佛山市南海区辉泰科技机械有限公司 A kind of intelligent smelting furnace

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1304611A (en) * 1961-10-27 1962-09-21 Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab Improvements made to melting furnaces, in particular rotary furnaces
FR2377595A1 (en) * 1977-01-13 1978-08-11 Sertec Sa Refractory lined chamber for molten material - e.g. converter or electric furnace, with improved arrangement for heating the refractory lining
DE7922196U1 (en) * 1979-08-03 1979-11-08 Vacmetal Gesellschaft Fuer Vakuum- Metallurgie Mbh, 4600 Dortmund DEVICE FOR HEATING A WATERING PAN

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109945651A (en) * 2019-05-06 2019-06-28 佛山市南海区辉泰科技机械有限公司 A kind of intelligent smelting furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3566297D1 (en) 1988-12-22
EP0154176A3 (en) 1986-05-14
EP0154176A2 (en) 1985-09-11
DE3404548C1 (en) 1984-11-15
ATE38717T1 (en) 1988-12-15

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