EP0204652B1 - Metal melting shaft furnace - Google Patents

Metal melting shaft furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0204652B1
EP0204652B1 EP86730066A EP86730066A EP0204652B1 EP 0204652 B1 EP0204652 B1 EP 0204652B1 EP 86730066 A EP86730066 A EP 86730066A EP 86730066 A EP86730066 A EP 86730066A EP 0204652 B1 EP0204652 B1 EP 0204652B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
smelting
melting
shaft
ramp
chamber
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EP86730066A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0204652A1 (en
Inventor
Günther Schmidt
W.M. Koch
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Strikfeld W and Koch GmbH
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Strikfeld W and Koch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/02—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey
    • F27B1/04—Combinations or arrangements of shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/02—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shaft melting furnace for melting metals, in particular non-ferrous metals, after the introduction of the main claim.
  • Shaft melting furnaces are known (US Pat. No. 2,991,060), in which an essentially vertically arranged feed shaft leads directly into a trough-shaped interior that holds the melting bath.
  • a burner is arranged opposite the feed shaft, the heat of the burner being conducted through the interior of the furnace in such a way that it becomes effective particularly at the lower end of the feed shaft and melts the metal present there, so that it melts into the molten bath present in the interior flows.
  • DE-A 252 457 describes a cupola furnace with a 01 or gas firing nozzle which can be adjusted in different directions, in the shaft of which three prismatic bodies are installed at the lower end above the cooker, which are offset one above the other and on the one hand have sliding surfaces for the melting material and on the other hand baffle and guide surfaces for form the stinging flames.
  • the melting material slides or flows through an intermediate space formed by two prismatic bodies into the melting bath, whereby it cannot be ruled out that impurities or particles adhering to the melting material that are difficult to melt get into the melt and alloy or falsify it.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a shaft melting furnace which has defined and constant (safe) operating conditions and can therefore be incorporated into an automatically guided melting operation and which works more economically on account of better energy utilization, the melting bath being to be free of impurities .
  • the funnel-shaped feed chute merges into a melting cross section, which is followed by a first section of a horizontal or slightly inclined melting ramp and the burner device is directed to the area of the transition between the melting section and the first section of the melting ramp, defined and constant Melting and operating conditions are provided, so that no manual operation is necessary during the desired melting operation, since the shaft melting furnace can be equipped with an automatic loading device and thus can be integrated into a fully automatic melting process and continuous melting operation is possible.
  • the arrangement according to the invention results in high energy savings.
  • the funnel-shaped feed chute shape causes chunks of melt material to slide better, whereby the melt material is strongly preheated by the hot exhaust gases flowing upwards and slides down into the melting chamber.
  • the speed of the upward-flowing exhaust gases which have relatively defined flow conditions in the melting chamber, is reduced not only as a result of the heat exchange to the melting material coming down, but also as a result of the funnel-shaped design of the charging shaft and the resulting increase in cross-section of the shaft, so that the exhaust gases last longer stay in the shaft and there is better heat utilization, which ensures consistently low exhaust gas temperatures during the entire melting process.
  • the reduction in speed contributes to the fact that dust particles adhering to the melting material are not taken into the upper shaft part and ejected, but are burned in the lower region.
  • the melted material constantly slides into the active chamber and closes it until the melted material has completely melted.
  • the melting ramp adjoining the active space which is designed as a "dry bridge”
  • the melt material cannot fall into the melt bath, but is completely melted off in the active space with the subsequent melting ramp, via which the melt material as a liquid melt the melt pool flows.
  • adhering particles, emulsions and the like also burn before they can get into the molten bath and can lead to contamination of the melt.
  • parts containing metals with a higher melting point for example iron-containing aluminum parts
  • parts containing metals with a higher melting point for example iron-containing aluminum parts
  • the size of the melting chamber i.e. its height and its cross-sectional area is determined according to the burner flame of the selected burner device, taking into account the required burner output, i.e. Melting capacity of the shaft melting furnace set. In this way, the efficiency of the plant is maximized, i.e. that no melting material remains unmelted in the working space or at the transition area of the working space to the melting ramp during melting, so that the melting material can continuously slide out of the loading shaft.
  • the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail in the description below.
  • the figure shows: a section through the shaft melting furnace according to the invention with an exhaust hood.
  • the shaft melting furnace 1 has a loading shaft 2 which is funnel-shaped. Adjoining the feed chute 2 is a melting-active space 3, which has a constant cross-section and is slightly inclined to the vertical. A melting ramp 4 adjoins the effective space 3, which preferably has a slight inclination e.g. of 8 degrees to the horizontal. Arranged underneath the melting ramp 4 is an interior of the furnace designed as a warming space 5, which receives the melting bath. In the area of the effective space 3 and the melting ramp 4, a burner device 6 arranged as an oil or gas burner is arranged, which is directed towards the transition area between the effective space and the melting ramp 4, so that the lower end of the effective space 3 lies fully in the effective range of the burner device 6. In the vicinity of the melting ramp 4, a cleaning opening 7a, b is provided, through which the impurities or the like lying on the melting ramp 4 can be removed. A holding burner 8 directed towards the molten bath is arranged in the side walls of the holding space 5.
  • the warming room 5 is provided below the melting ramp 4.
  • this warming room can also be arranged in front of or to the side of the melting ramp, depending on the design of the melting shaft furnace.
  • the arrangement of the burner device 6 and the effective space 3 can also be changed in accordance with the design conditions of the shaft melting furnace, i.e. depending on the operating conditions, the effective space can continue directly vertically under the funnel-shaped loading shaft 2.
  • the burner device 6 can be arranged approximately at the height of the effective space 3 at different locations in the circumference of the furnace.
  • An exhaust hood 9 which is provided with a sliding door 10, adjoins the funnel-shaped loading shaft 2.
  • a temperature measuring point 11 is provided above the exhaust hood 9.
  • a shaft cover 13 which can be driven by a motor 12 and which is pivoted depending on the desired operating states.
  • the feed chute 2 When the feed chute 2 is loaded with melt material, it slides into the melting chamber 3, its packing density being very high.
  • the burner 6, which is possibly directed via deflections onto the transition region between the effective space 3 and the melting ramp 4, melts the melting material which flows down the melting ramp and flows into the interior 5.
  • the hot exhaust gases of the burner 6 rise in the effective space and also melt the melting material. Since the size of the effective space 3 is adapted in accordance with the burner flame of the burner device, taking into account the required melting or burner output, the lower part of the effective space is melted free, so that the melt material present in the funnel-shaped loading shaft 2 can slide on, the effective space being closed for so long, until the melting material has completely melted.
  • the inclined surfaces of the funnel-shaped loading chute 3 promote slipping.
  • the exhaust gases continue to flow upward and at least melt the melted material and then, after they have given off their heat, leave the feed chute 2 at the upper end and reach the exhaust gas hood 9.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is monitored at the temperature measuring point 11 during the melting operation.
  • the exhaust gas temperature rises, which indicates that the loading shaft 2 is free for a further loading process.
  • the do not represent provided loading device consists of a loading container and a lifting device.
  • the sliding door 10 is opened by a motor 14, and the loading container starts up and at the same time passes an electromechanical control point which indicates the opened sliding door 10.
  • a cycle feed is initiated at the same time via a switch, ie the filled container moves to the end position with the pauses and running times set. After the container is emptied, it moves back and down by means of the lifting device and the sliding door 10 closes automatically.
  • the melting burner is switched off via a preselected and set maximum exhaust gas temperature and after a time set on a timer, and an optical or acoustic signal is provided which indicates the need for recharging.
  • the melting space and the holding space are arranged one above the other.
  • the melting space and the holding space lie side by side, the two spaces being separated by a wall and the transition is only a small opening for the passage of the molten metal in the holding space:
  • the drawing shows a shaft melting furnace with a rectangular version of the furnace jacket, of course other shapes, for example round or oval furnace jacket versions, can also be provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)

Abstract

A shaft melting furnace for melting metals is proposed with an interior receiving the molten bath, a charging shaft for supplying the melting stock and a burner supplying heat to the latter. The charging shaft is funnel-shaped and passes into a melting zone of constant cross-section leading to a melting bridge.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schachtschmelzofen zum Schmelzen von Metallen, insbesondere Nichteisenmetallen, nach der Einleitung des Hauptanspruchs.The invention relates to a shaft melting furnace for melting metals, in particular non-ferrous metals, after the introduction of the main claim.

Es sind Schachtschmelzöfen bekannt (US-PS 2 991 060), bei denen ein im wesentlichen senkrecht angeordneter Beschickungsschacht direkt in einen das Schmelzbad aufnehmenden wannenförmigen Innenraum führt. Ein Brenner ist dem Beschickungsschacht gegenüberliegend angeordnet, wobei die Wärme des Brenners in der Weise durch den Innenraum des Ofens geleitet wird, daß sie insbesondere am unteren Ende des Beschickungsschachtes wirksam wird und das dort vorhandene Metall schmilzt, so daß es in das im Innenraum vorhandene Schmelzbad fließt.Shaft melting furnaces are known (US Pat. No. 2,991,060), in which an essentially vertically arranged feed shaft leads directly into a trough-shaped interior that holds the melting bath. A burner is arranged opposite the feed shaft, the heat of the burner being conducted through the interior of the furnace in such a way that it becomes effective particularly at the lower end of the feed shaft and melts the metal present there, so that it melts into the molten bath present in the interior flows.

Bei diesem bekannten Schachtschmelzofen kann es vorkommen, daß beim Beschicken oder auch während des Schmelzvorganges das feste bzw. angeschmolzene Schmelzgut in das Schmelzbad fällt, bevor es vollständig geschmolzen ist, so daß sich in dem Schmelzbad möglicherweise festere Bestandteile sammeln. Gleichzeitig können mit den festen Bestandteilen des Schmelzgutes Verunreinigungen in das Schmelzbad gelangen, die bei einem vollständigen Schmelzvorgang verbrennen würden. Weiterhin kommt es bei den bekannten Schachtschmelzöfen vor, daß sich das Schmelzgut in dem Beschickungsschacht verhakt, so daß der untere Bereich des Beschickungsschachtes freigeschmolzen wird, wobei dann die Brennerenergie nicht mehr ausreicht, um das darüberliegende verhakte Schmelzgut loszuschmelzen. Das Schmelzgut muß dann mittels Werkzeugen per Hand nachgeschoben werden. Somit sind diese bekannten Öfen nicht in einem automatischen Schmelzverfahren anwendbar.In this known shaft melting furnace, it can happen that the solid or melted melted material falls into the melt bath before it is completely melted, so that possibly firmer constituents collect in the melt bath during charging or also during the melting process. At the same time, the solid constituents of the melting material can contaminate the melting bath, which would burn up if the melting process were complete. Furthermore, it occurs in the known shaft melting furnaces that the melting material gets caught in the loading shaft, so that the lower area of the loading shaft is melted free, in which case the burner energy is no longer sufficient to melt the hooked melting material lying above it. The melted material must then be pushed in by hand using tools. Thus, these known furnaces cannot be used in an automatic melting process.

Die DE-A 252 457 beschreibt einen Kupolofen mit in verschiedener Richtung einstellbarer 01- oder Gasfeuerungsdüse, in dessen Schacht am unteren Ende oberhalb des Herdes drei prismatische Körper eingebaut sind, die versetzt übereinanderliegen und einerseits Rutschflächen für das Schmelzgut und andererseits Prall- und Leitflächen für die Stichflammen bilden. Das Schmelzgut rutscht oder fließt durch einen von zwei prismatischen Körpern gebildeten Zwischenraum in das Schmelzbad, wobei nicht ausgeschlossen ist, daß Verunreinigungen oder an dem Schmelzgut anhaftende Teilchen, die schwer schmelzbar sind, in die Schmelze gelangen und diese auflegieren oder verfälschen. Bei dieser Anordnung treten in dem oberhalb des schmalen Zwischenraums gebildeten Schmelzraum durch die Absenkung der Stichflamme und die Ausbildung des Schmelzraumes Verwirbelungen auf, durch die aufgrund unterschiedlicher Temperaturen Verklebungen des Schmelzgutes hervorgerufen werden. Dies führt zu einem Verhaken des Schmelzgutes, zu einem ungleichmäßigen Abschmelzen mit der Gefahr der Kaminbildung im Schmelzgut, wodurch die Energie des Brenners ungenutzt nach oben weggeführt wird und der Wirkungsgrad der Anlage verschlechtert wird. Darüber hinaus kann die Metallschmelze überhitzt werden, da die Brennerflamme über die Schmelze geleitet wird.DE-A 252 457 describes a cupola furnace with a 01 or gas firing nozzle which can be adjusted in different directions, in the shaft of which three prismatic bodies are installed at the lower end above the cooker, which are offset one above the other and on the one hand have sliding surfaces for the melting material and on the other hand baffle and guide surfaces for form the stinging flames. The melting material slides or flows through an intermediate space formed by two prismatic bodies into the melting bath, whereby it cannot be ruled out that impurities or particles adhering to the melting material that are difficult to melt get into the melt and alloy or falsify it. With this arrangement, turbulence occurs in the melting space formed above the narrow space due to the lowering of the flash flame and the formation of the melting space, which causes the melting material to stick due to different temperatures. This leads to the melting material getting caught, to an uneven melting with the risk of chimney formation in the melting material, whereby the energy of the burner is carried away unused upwards and the efficiency of the system is reduced. In addition, the molten metal can be overheated because the burner flame is passed over the melt.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Schachtschmelzofen zu schaffen, der definierte und konstante (sichere) Betriebsverhältnisse aufweist und dadurch in einen automatisch geführten Schmelzbetrieb einbezogen werden kann und der aufgrund einer besseren Energieausnutzung wirtschaftlicher arbeitet, wobei das Schmelzbad frei von Verunreinigungen sein soll.The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a shaft melting furnace which has defined and constant (safe) operating conditions and can therefore be incorporated into an automatically guided melting operation and which works more economically on account of better energy utilization, the melting bath being to be free of impurities .

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the main claim.

Dadurch, daß der trichterförmige Beschickungsschacht in einen Schmelzwirkraum konstanten Querschnitts übergeht, an den sich ein erster Abschnitt einer horizontalen oder leicht geneigten Schmelzrampe anschließt und die Brennervorrichtung auf den Bereich des Überganges zwischen dem Schmelzwirkraum und dem ersten Abschnitt der Schmelzrampe gerichtet ist, werden definierte und konstante Schmelz- und Betriebsverhältnisse erbracht, so daß während des gewünschten Schmelzbetriebes keine Bedienungsarbeiten von Hand mehr notwendig sind, da der Schachtschmelzofen mit einer automatischen Beschickungsvorrichtung versehen werden kann und somit in einen vollautomatischen Schmelzablauf integrierbar ist und ein kontinuierlicher Schmelzbetrieb möglich wird. Außerdem bringt die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung eine hohe Energieeinsparung mit sich. Die trichterförmige Beschickungsschachtform bewirkt, daß Schmelzgutbrocken besser nachrutschen, wobei das Schmelzgut von den aufwärts strömenden heißen Abgasen stark vorgewärmt wird und nach unten in den Schmelzwirkraum hineinrutscht. Die Geschwindigkeit der aufwärts strömenden Abgase, die in dem Schmelzwirkraum relativ definierte Strömungsverhältnisse haben, verringert sich nicht nur infolge des Wärmeaustausches an das herunterkommende Schmelzgut, sondern auch infolge der trichterförmigen Ausbildung des Beschickungsschachtes und dadurch erreichten Querschnittsvergrößerung des Schachtes nach oben, so daß die Abgase länger in dem Schacht verweilen und eine bessere Wärmeausnutzung gegeben ist, wodurch während des gesamten Schmelzvorganges konstant niedrige Abgastemperaturen gewährleistet werden. Außerdem trägt die Geschwindigkeitsverringerung dazu bei, daß an dem Schmelzgut anhaftende Staubteilchen nicht in den oberen Schachtteil mitgenommen und ausgeworfen werden, sondern im unteren Bereich verbrannt werden.Characterized in that the funnel-shaped feed chute merges into a melting cross section, which is followed by a first section of a horizontal or slightly inclined melting ramp and the burner device is directed to the area of the transition between the melting section and the first section of the melting ramp, defined and constant Melting and operating conditions are provided, so that no manual operation is necessary during the desired melting operation, since the shaft melting furnace can be equipped with an automatic loading device and thus can be integrated into a fully automatic melting process and continuous melting operation is possible. In addition, the arrangement according to the invention results in high energy savings. The funnel-shaped feed chute shape causes chunks of melt material to slide better, whereby the melt material is strongly preheated by the hot exhaust gases flowing upwards and slides down into the melting chamber. The speed of the upward-flowing exhaust gases, which have relatively defined flow conditions in the melting chamber, is reduced not only as a result of the heat exchange to the melting material coming down, but also as a result of the funnel-shaped design of the charging shaft and the resulting increase in cross-section of the shaft, so that the exhaust gases last longer stay in the shaft and there is better heat utilization, which ensures consistently low exhaust gas temperatures during the entire melting process. In addition, the reduction in speed contributes to the fact that dust particles adhering to the melting material are not taken into the upper shaft part and ejected, but are burned in the lower region.

Durch die Ausbildung des trichterförmigen Beschickungsschachtes mit dem sich erfindungsgemäß anschließenden Schmelzwirkraum konstanten Querschnitts rutscht das Schmelzgut ständig in den Wirkraum hinein und verschließt diesen solange, bis das Schmelzgut restlos geschmolzen ist. Durch die sich an den Wirkraum anschließende Schmelzrampe, die als "trockene Brücke" ausgebildet ist, kann das Schmelzgut nicht in das Schmelzbad fallen, sondern wird vollständig im Wirkraum mit der anschließenden Schmelzrampe abgeschmolzen, über die das Schmelzgut als flüssige Schmelze in das Schmelzbad fließt. Dabei verbrennen auch anhaftende Teilchen, Emulsionen und dergleichen, bevor sie in das Schmelzbad gelangen können und hier zu Verunreinigungen der Schmelze führen können.Due to the formation of the funnel-shaped feed chute with the melting cross-section which is constant according to the invention, the melted material constantly slides into the active chamber and closes it until the melted material has completely melted. As a result of the melting ramp adjoining the active space, which is designed as a "dry bridge", the melt material cannot fall into the melt bath, but is completely melted off in the active space with the subsequent melting ramp, via which the melt material as a liquid melt the melt pool flows. In the process, adhering particles, emulsions and the like also burn before they can get into the molten bath and can lead to contamination of the melt.

Weiterhin ist im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik der Einsatz von feuchtem Schmelzgut möglich, da dieses nicht in das Schmelzbad gelangt und dort zu Explosionen führen könnte. Entsprechend ist eine Badunterkühlung durch kaltes Schmelzgut nicht möglich.Furthermore, in contrast to the prior art, it is possible to use moist melting material, since this does not get into the melting bath and could lead to explosions there. Accordingly, bath subcooling by cold melting material is not possible.

Bei Schmelzgut mit niedrigem Schmelzpunkt, zum Beispiel Aluminium, können auch Teile, die Metalle mit höherem Schmelzpunkt enthalten, zum Beispiel eisenhaltige Aluminiumteile, problemlos eingeschmolzen werden, da die anfallenden Eisenteile auf der Schmelzrampe liegen bleiben und später leicht entfernt werden können. Entsprechendes gilt für die vorhandene Krätze und andere Verunreinigungen wie Formsandrückstände. Somit entsteht keine Auflegierung bzw. ein Verfälschen der Schmelze bis zur Unbrauchbarkeit.In the case of melting material with a low melting point, for example aluminum, parts containing metals with a higher melting point, for example iron-containing aluminum parts, can also be melted down without any problems, since the iron parts which are present remain on the melting ramp and can be easily removed later. The same applies to the existing dross and other contaminants such as molding sand residues. This means that there is no alloying or falsification of the melt until it cannot be used.

Durch die klare Trennung von Schmelzwirkraum und Schmelzbad bzw. Warmhalteraum und die Anordnung der Schmelz-Brennvorrichtung in der Nähe des Schmelz-Wirkraumes ist eine Überhitzung des Schmelzbades nicht möglich, da die Brennerflamme nicht, wie im Stand der Technik, über das erschmolzene Metall des Schmelzbades in den Schmelzschacht gelangt. Die Größe des Schmelz- Wirkraumes, d.h. seine Höhe und seine Querschnittsfläche wird entsprechend der Brennerflamme der ausgewählten Brennervorrichtung unter Berücksichtigung der geforderten Brennerleistung, d.h. Schmelzleistung des Schachtschmelzofens festgelegt. Auf diese Weise wird der Wirkungsgrad der Anlage maximiert, d.h. daß beim Schmelzen kein Schmelzgut im Wirkraum bzw. am Übergangsbereich des Wirkraumes zur Schmelzrampe ungeschmolzen liegenbleibt, so daß kontinuierlich das Schmelzgut aus dem Beschickungsschacht nachrutschen kann.Due to the clear separation of the melting chamber and the melting bath or holding chamber and the arrangement of the melting furnace near the melting chamber, overheating of the melting bath is not possible since the burner flame does not, as in the prior art, over the molten metal of the melting bath gets into the melting shaft. The size of the melting chamber, i.e. its height and its cross-sectional area is determined according to the burner flame of the selected burner device, taking into account the required burner output, i.e. Melting capacity of the shaft melting furnace set. In this way, the efficiency of the plant is maximized, i.e. that no melting material remains unmelted in the working space or at the transition area of the working space to the melting ramp during melting, so that the melting material can continuously slide out of the loading shaft.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous further developments and improvements result from the subclaims.

I'")ie Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt to wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Die Figur zeigt: einen Schnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Schachtschmelzofen mit Abgashaube.The invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail in the description below. The figure shows: a section through the shaft melting furnace according to the invention with an exhaust hood.

Der Schachtschmelzofen 1 nach der Figur weist einen Beschickungsschacht 2 auf, der trichterförmig ausgebildet ist. An den Beschickungsschacht 2 schließt sich ein Schmelz-Wirkraum 3 an, der einen konstanten Querschnitt aufweist und leicht gegen die Senkrechte geneigt ist. An den Wirkraum 3 schließt sich eine Schmelzrampe 4 an, die vorzugsweise eine leichte Neigung z.B. von 8 Grad gegen die Horizontale aufweist. Unterhalb der Schmelzrampe 4 ist ein als Warmhalteraum 5 ausgebildeter Innenraum des Ofens angeordnet, der das Schmelzbad aufnimmt. Im Bereich des Wirkraumes 3 und der Schmelzrampe 4 ist eine als ÖI- oder Gasbrenner angeordnete Brennervorrichtung 6 angeordnet, die auf den Übergangsbereich zwischen Wirkraum und Schmelzrampe 4 gerichtet ist, so daß das untere Ende des Wirkraumes 3 voll im Wirkbereich der Brennervorrichtung 6 liegt. In der Nähe der Schmelzrampe 4 ist eine Reinigungsöffnung 7a,b vorgesehen, über die die auf der Schmelzrampe 4 liegenden Verunreinigungen oder dergleichen entfernt werden können. Ein auf das Schmelzbad gerichteter Warmhaltebrenner 8 ist in den Seitenwänden des Warmhalteraumes 5 angeordnet.The shaft melting furnace 1 according to the figure has a loading shaft 2 which is funnel-shaped. Adjoining the feed chute 2 is a melting-active space 3, which has a constant cross-section and is slightly inclined to the vertical. A melting ramp 4 adjoins the effective space 3, which preferably has a slight inclination e.g. of 8 degrees to the horizontal. Arranged underneath the melting ramp 4 is an interior of the furnace designed as a warming space 5, which receives the melting bath. In the area of the effective space 3 and the melting ramp 4, a burner device 6 arranged as an oil or gas burner is arranged, which is directed towards the transition area between the effective space and the melting ramp 4, so that the lower end of the effective space 3 lies fully in the effective range of the burner device 6. In the vicinity of the melting ramp 4, a cleaning opening 7a, b is provided, through which the impurities or the like lying on the melting ramp 4 can be removed. A holding burner 8 directed towards the molten bath is arranged in the side walls of the holding space 5.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Warmhalteraum 5 unterhalb der Schmelzrampe 4 vorgesehen. Selbstverständlich kann entsprechend der Konstruktion des Schmelzschachtofens dieser Warmhalteraum auch vor oder seitlich der Schmelzrampe angeordnet sein. Auch die Anordnung der Brennervorrichtung 6 und des Wirkraumes 3 kann entsprechend den Konstruktionsbedingungen des Schachtschmelzofens verändert werden, d.h. entsprechend den Betriebsverhältnissen kann der Wirkraum sich direkt senkrecht unter dem trichterförmigen Beschickungsschacht 2 fortsetzen. Je nach Ofenform kann die Brennervorrichtung 6 in etwa der Höhe des Wirkraumes 3 an unterschiedlichen Stellen im Umfang des Ofens angeordnet sein.In the illustrated embodiment, the warming room 5 is provided below the melting ramp 4. Of course, this warming room can also be arranged in front of or to the side of the melting ramp, depending on the design of the melting shaft furnace. The arrangement of the burner device 6 and the effective space 3 can also be changed in accordance with the design conditions of the shaft melting furnace, i.e. depending on the operating conditions, the effective space can continue directly vertically under the funnel-shaped loading shaft 2. Depending on the shape of the furnace, the burner device 6 can be arranged approximately at the height of the effective space 3 at different locations in the circumference of the furnace.

An den trichterförmigen Beschickungsschacht 2 schließt sich eine Abgashaube 9 an, die mit einer Schiebetür 10 versehen ist. Oberhalb der Abgashaube 9 ist eine Temperaturmeßstelle 11 vorgesehen. Zwischen Abgashaube 9 und Beschickungsschacht 2 befindet sich eine durch einen Motor 12 antreibbare Schachtabdeckung 13, die abhängig von den gewünschten Betriebszuständen geschwenkt wird.An exhaust hood 9, which is provided with a sliding door 10, adjoins the funnel-shaped loading shaft 2. A temperature measuring point 11 is provided above the exhaust hood 9. Between the exhaust hood 9 and the loading shaft 2 there is a shaft cover 13 which can be driven by a motor 12 and which is pivoted depending on the desired operating states.

Bei der Beschickung des Beschickungsschachtes 2 mit Schmelzgut rutscht dieses in den Schmelz- wirkraum 3,wobei seine Packungsdichte sehr groß ist. Der auf den Übergangsbereich zwischen Wirkraum 3 und Schmelzrampe 4 gegebenenfalls über Ümlenkungen gerichtete Brenner 6 schmilzt das Schmelzgut, das die schmelzrampe herunterfließt, und in den Innenraum 5 fließt. Die heißen Abgase des Brenners 6 steigen im Wirkraum hoch und schmelzen ebenfalls das engliegende Schmelzgut. Da die Größe des Wirkraumes 3 entsprechend der Brennerflamme der Brennervorrichtung unter Berücksichtigung der geforderten Schmelz- oder Brennerleistung angepaßt ist, wird der untere Teil des Wirkraumes freigeschmolzen, so daß das im trichterförmigen Beschickungsschacht 2 vorhandene Schmelzgut nachrutschen kann, wobei der Wirkraum so lange verschlossen wird, bis das Schmelzgut restlos geschmolzen ist. Die schrägen Flächen des trichterförmigen Beschickungsschachtes 3 begünstigen das Nachrutschen. Die Abgase strömen weiter nach oben und schmelzen das Schmelzgut zumindest an und verlassen dann, nachdem sie ihre Wärme abgegeben haben, den Beschickungsschacht 2 am oberen Ende und gelangen in die Abgashaube 9.When the feed chute 2 is loaded with melt material, it slides into the melting chamber 3, its packing density being very high. The burner 6, which is possibly directed via deflections onto the transition region between the effective space 3 and the melting ramp 4, melts the melting material which flows down the melting ramp and flows into the interior 5. The hot exhaust gases of the burner 6 rise in the effective space and also melt the melting material. Since the size of the effective space 3 is adapted in accordance with the burner flame of the burner device, taking into account the required melting or burner output, the lower part of the effective space is melted free, so that the melt material present in the funnel-shaped loading shaft 2 can slide on, the effective space being closed for so long, until the melting material has completely melted. The inclined surfaces of the funnel-shaped loading chute 3 promote slipping. The exhaust gases continue to flow upward and at least melt the melted material and then, after they have given off their heat, leave the feed chute 2 at the upper end and reach the exhaust gas hood 9.

Während des Schmelzbetriebes wird an der Temperaturmeßstelle 11 die Abgastemperatur überwacht. Wenn der Wirkraum 3 freigeschmolzen ist, steigt die Abgastemperatur an, wodurch angezeigt wird, daß der Beschickungsschacht 2 für einen weiteren Beschickungsvorgang frei ist. Die nicht dargestellte Beschickungsvorrichtung besteht aus einem Beschickungsbehälter und einer Hubvorrichtung. Bei Erreichen der vorgewählten Abgastemperatur wird die Schiebetür 10 über einen Motor 14 geöffnet, und der Beschickungsbehälter fährt hoch und passiert gleichzeitig eine elektromechanische Kontrollstelle, die die geöffnete Schiebetür 10 anzeigt. Über einen Schalter wird gleichzeitig eine Taktbeschickung eingeleitet, d.h. der gefüllte Behälter fährt mit eingestellten Pausen und Laufzeiten in die Endkippstellung. Nachdem der Behälter entleert ist, fährt er zurück und mittels der Hubvorrichtung nach unten und die Schiebetür 10 schließt sich automatisch.The exhaust gas temperature is monitored at the temperature measuring point 11 during the melting operation. When the effective space 3 has melted free, the exhaust gas temperature rises, which indicates that the loading shaft 2 is free for a further loading process. The do not represent provided loading device consists of a loading container and a lifting device. When the preselected exhaust gas temperature is reached, the sliding door 10 is opened by a motor 14, and the loading container starts up and at the same time passes an electromechanical control point which indicates the opened sliding door 10. A cycle feed is initiated at the same time via a switch, ie the filled container moves to the end position with the pauses and running times set. After the container is emptied, it moves back and down by means of the lifting device and the sliding door 10 closes automatically.

Sollte aus irgend welchen Gründen der Beschickungsvorgang nicht eingeleitet werden, so wird über eine vorgewählte und eingestellte maximale Abgastemperatur und nach Ablauf einer an einem Zeitglied eingestellten Zeit der Schmelzbrenner abgeschaltet, und es wird ein optisches oder akustisches Signal geliefert, das die Notwendigkeit des Nachchargierens anzeigt.If the charging process is not started for any reason, the melting burner is switched off via a preselected and set maximum exhaust gas temperature and after a time set on a timer, and an optical or acoustic signal is provided which indicates the need for recharging.

In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Schmelzraum und der Warmhalteraum übereinander angeordnet. In einer anderen Ausführungsform liegen Schmelzraum und Warmhalteraum nebeneinander, wobei die beiden Räume durch eine Wand getrennt sind und der Übergang ist nur als kleine Offnung für den Durchlaß des geschmolzenen Metalls in dem Warmhalteraum:In the exemplary embodiment shown, the melting space and the holding space are arranged one above the other. In another embodiment, the melting space and the holding space lie side by side, the two spaces being separated by a wall and the transition is only a small opening for the passage of the molten metal in the holding space:

Die Zeichnung zeigt einen Schachtschmelzofen mit einer rechteckigen Ausführung des Ofenmantels, selbstverständlich können auch andere Formen beispielsweise runde oder ovale Ofenmantelausführungen vorgesehen werden.The drawing shows a shaft melting furnace with a rectangular version of the furnace jacket, of course other shapes, for example round or oval furnace jacket versions, can also be provided.

Claims (8)

1. Shaft smelting furnace for smelting of metals including a holding chamber for holding the molten bath, a funnel-shaped charging shaft (2) for supplying the molten material, with a connecting smelting chamber (3) as well as a furnace device (6) admitted to the molten material wherein the smelting chamber (3) has a constant cross-section and is adjacent to a first section of a horizontally or slightly slanting smelting ramp (4) and the furnace device (6) is directed at the location where the smelting chamber (3) and the first section of the smelting ramp (4) meet so that the molten material must run over the entire smelting ramp (4) and foreign bodies are deposited on the smelting ramp (4) and separated from the molten material.
2. Shaft smelting furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a cleaning door (7) for the removal of residue is provided in the area of the smelting ramp.
3. Shaft smelting furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the smelting chamber (3) is slanting towards the vertical.
4. Shaft smelting furnace according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a measuring means for registration of a waste-gas temperature is provided above the charging shaft (2).
5. Shaft smelting furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that an automatic charging device is provided which is controlled in dependance upon the waste-gas temperature.
6. Shaft smelting furnace according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the smelting chamber (3) is arranged with smelting ramp (4) and holding chamber (5) one upon the other.
7. Shaft smelting furnace according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the smelting chamber (3) is arranged with smelting ramp (4) and holding chamber (5) one after the other whereby the ramp is separated by a wall with opening serving as a passage of the molten metals.
8. Shaft smelting furnace according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the size of the smelting chamber (3) is adapted to suit the desired smelting output whilst taking the utilised furnace device (6) into consideration.
EP86730066A 1985-04-19 1986-04-15 Metal melting shaft furnace Expired EP0204652B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86730066T ATE48693T1 (en) 1985-04-19 1986-04-15 TUBE FURNACE FOR MELTING METALS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3514681 1985-04-19
DE3514681 1985-04-19

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EP0204652A1 EP0204652A1 (en) 1986-12-10
EP0204652B1 true EP0204652B1 (en) 1989-12-13

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US (1) US4687438A (en)
EP (1) EP0204652B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE48693T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1280593C (en)
DE (1) DE3667533D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8704620A1 (en)

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DE10325153A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-30 Strikowestofen Gmbh Device for melting and keeping metals hot has oven chamber connected through melting bridge to loading shaft for metal parts so that smoke gases arising through melting process are recycled for melting metal parts in shaft

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CA2086879A1 (en) * 1993-01-07 1994-07-08 Henry Meyer Process and apparatus for delivering a metered shot

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DE10325153A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-30 Strikowestofen Gmbh Device for melting and keeping metals hot has oven chamber connected through melting bridge to loading shaft for metal parts so that smoke gases arising through melting process are recycled for melting metal parts in shaft

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3667533D1 (en) 1990-01-18
ATE48693T1 (en) 1989-12-15
CA1280593C (en) 1991-02-26
EP0204652A1 (en) 1986-12-10
US4687438A (en) 1987-08-18
ES554161A0 (en) 1987-04-01
ES8704620A1 (en) 1987-04-01

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